1 An important mechanism sustaining the atmospheric “water tower” 2 over the Tibetan Plateau 3 Xiangde Xu1, Tianliang Zhao*2, Chungu Lu3, Yudi Guo1, Bin Chen1, 4 Ruixia Liu4,Yueqing Li5 , Xiaohui Shi1 5 1State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of 6 Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China 7 2 Key Lab for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of CMA, School of Atmospheric Physics, 8 Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 9 Jiangsu, 210044, China 10 3National Science Foundation, VA 22230, USA 11 4 National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 12 100081, China 13 5 Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, 14 Chengdu, 610072, China 15 16 Corresponding Author: 17 18 Dr. Tianliang Zhao 19 Key Lab for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of CMA, School of Atmospheric Physics, 20 Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 21 Jiangsu, 210044, China 22 E-mail:
[email protected] 23 1 24 25 Abstract 26 The Tibetan Plateau (TP), referred to as the “roof of the world” is also known as the 27 “world water tower”, because it contains a large amount of water resources and 28 ceaselessly transports these waters to its surrounding areas. However, it is not 29 clear how these waters are being supplied and replenished. In particular, how 30 plausible hydrological cycles can be realized between tropical oceans and the TP. In 31 order to explore the mechanism sustaining the atmospheric “water tower” over the 32 TP, the relationship of a “heat source column” over the plateau and moist flows in 33 the Asian summer monsoon circulation is investigated, here we show that the 34 plateau’s thermal structure leads to dynamic processes with an integration of two 35 couples of lower convergences and upper divergences, respectively, over the 36 plateau’s southern slopes and main platform, which relay moist air in two ladders 37 up to the plateau.