DOCSLIB.ORG

Reimagining Revolutionary Labor in the People's Commune

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Reimagining Revolutionary Labor in the People’s Commune: Amateurism and Social Reproduction in the Maoist Countryside by Angie Baecker A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Asian Languages and Cultures) in the University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Xiaobing Tang, Co-Chair, Chinese University of Hong Kong Associate Professor Emily Wilcox, Co-Chair Professor Geoff Eley Professor Rebecca Karl, New York University Associate Professor Youngju Ryu Angie Baecker [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0182-0257 © Angie Baecker 2020 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my grandmother, Chang-chang Feng 馮張章 (1921– 2016). In her life, she chose for herself the penname Zhang Yuhuan 張宇寰. She remains my guiding star. ii Acknowledgements Nobody writes a dissertation alone, and many people’s labor has facilitated my own. My scholarship has been borne by a great many networks of support, both formal and informal, and indeed it would go against the principles of my work to believe that I have been able to come this far all on my own. Many of the people and systems that have enabled me to complete my dissertation remain invisible to me, and I will only ever be able to make a partial account of all of the support I have received, which is as follows: Thanks go first to the members of my committee. To Xiaobing Tang, I am grateful above all for believing in me. Texts that we have read together in numerous courses and conversations remain cornerstones of my thinking. He has always greeted my most ambitious arguments with enthusiasm, and has pushed me to reach for higher levels of achievement. We began a conversation about modern China seven years ago that I’ve enjoyed immensely, and I look forward to the ones to come. To my dissertation co-chair, Emily Wilcox, I thank you for your effortless professionalism, compassionate criticism, and boundless intellectual energy. Emily has been unfailing in her engagement with my work, and I will be inspired by her model for years to come. Rebecca Karl has been an outsized presence in my life since the fall of 2011, when I walked into a classroom at Tsinghua University expecting a course on modern Chinese literature and instead got a master class on Marxist political economy and the Asiatic mode of production. She has always been my toughest reader, and the savagery of her insight is matched by the depth of her generosity and support. I have always been able to count on Youngju Ryu for incisive feedback, composed candor, and instinctive warmth. She makes everything look easy, and I have iii been touched by the sincerity of her support. I thank Geoff Eley for taking me seriously from the start, for expanding my ability to see modern Chinese through a global lens, and for elevating my level of engagement with scholarship on comparative socialist projects. I am also grateful to all the other faculty and fellows at the University of Michigan who have served as teachers and mentors to me, showing me new ways of thinking and of being: Bill Baxter, Benjamin Brose, Miranda Brown, Pär Cassel, Laurence Coderre, Fang Zhang, Nancy Florida, Sandra Gunning, Christopher Hill, Nico Howson, Reginald Jackson, Tom Kelly, S.E. Kile, Ungsan Kim, Kening Li, Markus Nornes, Douglas Northrop, Anne Rebull, Laura Saslow, Jinyi-Li Stevenson, Will Thomson, Glenn Tiffert, David Rolston, Erick White, and Wang Zheng. At the Lieberthal-Rogel Center for Chinese Studies, my greatest appreciation goes to Carol Stepanchuk, Ena Schlorff, Jen Zhu, and Mary Gallagher. The Center for Chinese Studies not only provided me with generous financial support, but also an open and engaged community. Liangyu Fu at the Harlan Hatcher Asia Library is likely the greatest librarian I will ever know, and I thank her for everything she has done to facilitate my research. I would also like to acknowledge all the help and guidance I have received from staff in the department, including Kim Larrow, Rosalee Washington, Kathryn Beeman, and Ashlee Wolfe. I have been honored to have Tarryn Chun, Fabio Lanza, and Martin J. Powers serve as discussants in chapter workshops. Their insight has transformed my work. I have also benefitted immensely from the comradery of a wide network of peers across academic institutions. We have banded together in different iterations to support and read one another’s work. For their patience, generosity, and insight, I thank Maximilian Alvarez, Maja Babic, Farida Begum, Russell Burge, Chinbo Chong, Blake Miller, Paulina Hartano, Koji Hirata, Joshua Hubbard, Mei Li Inouye, Jaymin Kim, Adrienne Lagman, Peiting C. Li, Nicole Hentrich, Michael Pascual, iv Adrianne Spunaugle, Yihui Sheng, Stephanie Tung, and Trenton Wilson. Louis Cicciarelli of the Sweetland Writing Center was a gentle and expert writing coach during the 2019 Dissertation Writing Institute. Katie Dimmery, Yucong Hao, and Linda Chen Zhang have rescued me and my work many times over. A good reader is hard to find, and I am lucky to have found so many. My time in the department of Asian Languages and Cultures has been enriched by all of my graduate student colleagues. I am proud of the community that we have built together. When I first arrived, Becky Bloom, Martino Dibeltulo, Susan Hwang, Randeep Hothi, Anna Wolcott Johnson, Joseph T. Leach, Kevin Mulholland, Irhe Sohn, and Ignacio Villagran were the most gracious shixiong and shijie I could ask for. Eric Haynie and Melissa van Wyck began their PhDs the same year as me, and I was greatly reassured to be studying in the company of such accomplished and dedicated scholars. Kunisuke Hirano, HaNul Jun, Swarnim Khare, Minna Lee, Ruby MacDougall, Brittany Puller, Cameron White, and Charlotte Chun Lam Yiu each became indispensable the moment they arrived. I owe a special debt of gratitude to Anatoly Detwyler, Gal Gvili, Sophie Volpp, and Wang Hui for their help with my doctoral program applications. Across campus, Rich Bunnell, Jennifer Carman, Conley Chan, Ho Chak Law, Jisoo Lee, Michael Schmale, Mike Thompson-Brusstar, Andrea Valedon, Gerui Wang, and Courtney Wilder have been kind and generous friends. To Lynette Clemetson, Birgit Rieck, and the 2016-2017 class of Knight-Wallace Fellows, thank you from the bottom of my heart for welcoming me into your community while my partner was in residence. I thank Anna Clark in particular for running marathons, real and metaphoric, with me. Pursuing a graduate degree in the humanities often entails frequent and extended travel to different corners of the world. In Hong Kong, I thank Alison Friedman, Natasha Khan, Brian Tsui, Ting Shi, Dan Chinoy, Josh Chin, Gillian Wong, Yidi Zhao, Neil Gough, Natalie Kam, v Nicholas Wong, and Pauline Yao for making me feel at home when I was learning my way around a new place. I especially thank Merlina J. Marikit, whose labor made it possible for me to focus on my writing. In Beijing, an old home that is always newly familiar, I thank Michael Cherney, Du Keke, Julian Fisher, Dong Huang-Cherney, Taku Kurashige, Aimee Lin Yu, Anna Lin-Yip, Liu Rui, Hannah Oussedik, Adrian Sandiford, Aminda Smith, Philip Tinari, Wang Zhongxia, and Yang Beichen. At Peking University, I thank Li Yang and Ren Siqi for indispensable help in facilitating archival research. At the Asia Art Archive, I thank Jane DeBevoise and Hilary Chassé for opening their resources to me. In Taipei, I thank Li-lih Feng. Many networks of kinship, care, and support that either precede or stand outside my time in academia were and remain essential. I thank J.M. Chris Chang, Mackenzie Cooper, Samantha Culp, Mary Dotson, Darius Filsoof, Aaron Gans, Lei Gong, Gazelle Emami, Colin Jones, Alison Klayman, Rei Kobayashi, Michael Levin-Gesundheit, Daniel Liu, Sean Manning, Daniel Ming, Soo Oh, Sharmini Radakrishnan, Anne Ramzy, Samir Shah, Rachael Sherman, Oscar Shine, Kristen Stewart, Stephanie H. Tung, Tanya Vacharkulksemsuk, and Patrick Wen. One of the greatest joys of my adult life has been discovering how the childhood bonds with my cousins have matured into adulthood, and so I also thank Leland Chang, Ellen Chang, Helen Feng, Rex Feng, Alaina Jo, Kimberly Maxcy-Chang, and Curtis Loo for the play and the community that has defined me. I began working with Ariana Leon as a coach nearly three years ago. She has supported me through times of crisis and calm, and I am deeply grateful to everything she continues to teach me. I want to thank my parents, Preston and Li Chi, and my sister, Aileen, and her husband Steve, for always allowing me to come home. Anthropocentric traditions have elided and belittled the importance of non-human actors in our lives, so I would like to acknowledge the big vi role my little dog Mouse plays in my life. Last, Austin Ramzy and I have been following each other across the globe for more than a decade now. Just a few weeks ago, he flew across continents to be with me as I neared the final stages of this project. I am grateful for his love, and for all that we continue to learn together. vii Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • HRWF Human Rights in the World Newsletter Bulgaria Table Of

    HRWF Human Rights in the World Newsletter Bulgaria Table Of

    Table of Contents • EU votes for diplomats to boycott China Winter Olympics over rights abuses • CCP: 100th Anniversary of the party who killed 50 million • The CCP at 100: What next for human rights in EU-China relations? • Missing Tibetan monk was sentenced, sent to prison, family says • China occupies sacred land in Bhutan, threatens India • 900,000 Uyghur children: the saddest victims of genocide • EU suspends efforts to ratify controversial investment deal with China • Sanctions expose EU-China split • Recalling 10 March 1959 and origins of the CCP colonization in Tibet • Tibet: Repression increases before Tibetan Uprising Day • Uyghur Group Defends Detainee Database After Xinjiang Officials Allege ‘Fake Archive’ • Will the EU-China investment agreement survive Parliament’s scrutiny? • Experts demand suspension of EU-China Investment Deal • Sweden is about to deport activist to China—Torture and prison be damned • EU-CHINA: Advocacy for the Uyghur issue • Who are the Uyghurs? Canadian scholars give profound insights • Huawei enables China’s grave human rights violations • It's 'Captive Nations Week' — here's why we should care • EU-China relations under the German presidency: is this “Europe’s moment”? • If EU wants rule of law in China, it must help 'dissident' lawyers • Happening in Europe, too • U.N. experts call call for decisive measures to protect fundamental freedoms in China • EU-China Summit: Europe can, and should hold China to account • China is the world’s greatest threat to religious freedom and other basic human rights
  • New China and Its Qiaowu: the Political Economy of Overseas Chinese Policy in the People’S Republic of China, 1949–1959

    New China and Its Qiaowu: the Political Economy of Overseas Chinese Policy in the People’S Republic of China, 1949–1959

    1 The London School of Economics and Political Science New China and its Qiaowu: The Political Economy of Overseas Chinese policy in the People’s Republic of China, 1949–1959 Jin Li Lim A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2016. 2 Declaration: I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 98,700 words. 3 Abstract: This thesis examines qiaowu [Overseas Chinese affairs] policies during the PRC’s first decade, and it argues that the CCP-controlled party-state’s approach to the governance of the huaqiao [Overseas Chinese] and their affairs was fundamentally a political economy. This was at base, a function of perceived huaqiao economic utility, especially for what their remittances offered to China’s foreign reserves, and hence the party-state’s qiaowu approach was a political practice to secure that economic utility.
  • Submitted for the Phd Degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

    Submitted for the Phd Degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

    THE CHINESE SHORT STORY IN 1979: AN INTERPRETATION BASED ON OFFICIAL AND NONOFFICIAL LITERARY JOURNALS DESMOND A. SKEEL Submitted for the PhD degree at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 1995 ProQuest Number: 10731694 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731694 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 A b s t ra c t The short story has been an important genre in 20th century Chinese literature. By its very nature the short story affords the writer the opportunity to introduce swiftly any developments in ideology, theme or style. Scholars have interpreted Chinese fiction published during 1979 as indicative of a "change" in the development of 20th century Chinese literature. This study examines a number of short stories from 1979 in order to determine the extent of that "change". The first two chapters concern the establishment of a representative database and the adoption of viable methods of interpretation. An important, although much neglected, phenomenon in the make-up of 1979 literature are the works which appeared in so-called "nonofficial" journals.
  • Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China

    Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China

    Teaching Asia’s Giants: China Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones Deng Xiaoping in the Making of Modern China Poster of Deng Xiaoping, By Bernard Z. Keo founder of the special economic zone in China in central Shenzhen, China. he 9th of September 1976: The story of Source: The World of Chinese Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy to para- website at https://tinyurl.com/ yyqv6opv. mount leader starts, like many great sto- Tries, with a death. Nothing quite so dramatic as a murder or an assassination, just the quiet and unassuming death of Mao Zedong, the founding father of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the wake of his passing, factions in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) competed to establish who would rule after the Great Helmsman. Pow- er, after all, abhors a vacuum. In the first corner was Hua Guofeng, an unassuming functionary who had skyrocketed to power under the late chairman’s patronage. In the second corner, the Gang of Four, consisting of Mao’s widow, Jiang September 21, 1977. The Qing, and her entourage of radical, leftist, Shanghai-based CCP officials. In the final corner, Deng funeral of Mao Zedong, Beijing, China. Source: © Xiaoping, the great survivor who had experi- Keystone Press/Alamy Stock enced three purges and returned from the wil- Photo. derness each time.1 Within a month of Mao’s death, the Gang of Four had been imprisoned, setting up a showdown between Hua and Deng. While Hua advocated the policy of the “Two Whatev- ers”—that the party should “resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave”—Deng advocated “seek- ing truth from facts.”2 At a time when China In 1978, some Beijing citizens was reexamining Mao’s legacy, Deng’s approach posted a large-character resonated more strongly with the party than Hua’s rigid dedication to Mao.
  • Stalin's and Mao's Famines

    Stalin's and Mao's Famines

    Stalin’s and Mao’s Famines: Similarities and Differences Andrea Graziosi National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes, Rome Abstract: This essay addresses the similarities and differences between the cluster of Soviet famines in 1931-33 and the great Chinese famine of 1958-1962. The similarities include: IdeoloGy; planninG; the dynamics of the famines; the relationship among harvest, state procurements and peasant behaviour; the role of local cadres; life and death in the villaGes; the situation in the cities vis-à-vis the countryside, and the production of an official lie for the outside world. Differences involve the followinG: Dekulakization; peasant resistance and anti-peasant mass violence; communes versus sovkhozes and kolkhozes; common mess halls; small peasant holdings; famine and nationality; mortality peaks; the role of the party and that of Mao versus Stalin’s; the way out of the crises, and the legacies of these two famines; memory; sources and historioGraphy. Keywords: Communism, Famines, Nationality, Despotism, Peasants he value of comparinG the Soviet famines with other famines, first and T foremost the Chinese famine resultinG from the Great Leap Forward (GLF), has been clear to me since the time I started comparinG the Soviet famines at least a decade ago (Graziosi 2009, 1-19). Yet the impulse to approach this comparison systematically came later, and I owe it to Lucien Bianco, who invited me to present my thouGhts on the matter in 2013.1 As I proceeded, the potential of this approach grew beyond my expectations. On the one hand, it enables us to better Grasp the characteristics of the Soviet (1931-33) and Chinese famines and their common features, shedding new light on both and on crucial questions such This essay is the oriGinal nucleus of “Stalin’s and Mao’s Political Famines: Similarities and Differences,” forthcoming in the Journal of Cold War Studies.
  • Mao and Reagan

    Mao and Reagan

    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 6-1-2013 Constructing Heroic Ideologies: Mao and Reagan Alexander A. Bowe University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Politics Commons Recommended Citation Bowe, Alexander A., "Constructing Heroic Ideologies: Mao and Reagan" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 80. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/80 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. CONSTRUCTING HEROIC IDEOLOGIES: MAO AND REAGAN __________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts __________ by Alexander A. Bowe June 2013 Advisor: Jack Donnelly ©Copyright by Alexander A. Bowe 2013 All Rights Reserved “A True Dragon and Son of Heaven has appeared in Yan'an; he's liberated Beijing and now sits on the Imperial Throne.” – Lao She, Fang Zhenzhu “Grown men don’t tend to worship other grown men—unless, of course, they happen to be professional Republicans, in which case no bow is too deep, and no praise too fawning, for the 40th president of the United States: Saint Ronald Reagan.” –Andrew Romano, “What Would Reagan Really Do?” Author: Alexander A. Bowe Title: CONSTRUCTING HEROIC IDEOLOGIES: MAO AND REAGAN Advisor: Jack Donnelly Degree Date: June 2013 Abstract The political hero cult of Mao Zedong is archetypal in terms of the development of a modern cult of personality.
  • P020110307527551165137.Pdf

    P020110307527551165137.Pdf

    CONTENT 1.MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 03 2.ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 05 3.HIGHLIGHTS OF ACHIEVEMENTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 06 Coexistence of Conserve and Research----“The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species ” services biodiversity protection and socio-economic development ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 06 The Structure, Activity and New Drug Pre-Clinical Research of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids ………………………………………… 09 Anti-Cancer Constituents in the Herb Medicine-Shengma (Cimicifuga L) ……………………………………………………………………………… 10 Floristic Study on the Seed Plants of Yaoshan Mountain in Northeast Yunnan …………………………………………………………………… 11 Higher Fungi Resources and Chemical Composition in Alpine and Sub-alpine Regions in Southwest China ……………………… 12 Research Progress on Natural Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Inhibitors…………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Predicting Global Change through Reconstruction Research of Paleoclimate………………………………………………………………………… 14 Chemical Composition of a traditional Chinese medicine-Swertia mileensis……………………………………………………………………………… 15 Mountain Ecosystem Research has Made New Progress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Plant Cyclic Peptide has Made Important Progress ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 Progresses in Computational Chemistry Research ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 New Progress in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  • The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School Of

    The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School Of

    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 351 4th International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology and Social Science (MMETSS 2019) The Ideology and Significance of the Legalists School and the School of Diplomacy in the Warring States Period Chen Xirui The Affiliated High School to Hangzhou Normal University [email protected] Keywords: Warring States Period; Legalists; Strategists; Modern Economic and Political Activities Abstract: In the Warring States Period, the legalist theory was popular, and the style of reforming the country was permeated in the land of China. The Seven Warring States known as Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Wei and Zhao have successively changed their laws and set the foundation for the country. The national strength hovers between the valley and school’s doctrines have accelerated the historical process of the Great Unification. The legalists laid a political foundation for the big country, constructed a power framework and formulated a complete policy. On the rule of law, the strategist further opened the gap between the powers of the country. In other words, the rule of law has created conditions for the cross-border family to seek the country and the activity of the latter has intensified the pursuit of the former. This has sparked the civilization to have a depth and breadth thinking of that period, where the need of ideology and research are crucial and necessary. This article will specifically address the background of the legalists, the background of these two generations, their historical facts and major achievements as well as the research into the practical theory that was studies during that period.
  • China's Strategic Modernization: Implications for the United States

    China's Strategic Modernization: Implications for the United States

    CHINA’S STRATEGIC MODERNIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES Mark A. Stokes September 1999 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications and Production Office by calling commercial (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Selected 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://carlisle-www.army. mil/usassi/welcome.htm ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-004-4 ii CONTENTS Foreword .......................................v 1. Introduction ...................................1 2. Foundations of Strategic Modernization ............5 3. China’s Quest for Information Dominance ......... 25 4.
  • Chinese Literature in the Second Half of a Modern Century: a Critical Survey

    Chinese Literature in the Second Half of a Modern Century: a Critical Survey

    CHINESE LITERATURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF A MODERN CENTURY A CRITICAL SURVEY Edited by PANG-YUAN CHI and DAVID DER-WEI WANG INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS • BLOOMINGTON AND INDIANAPOLIS William Tay’s “Colonialism, the Cold War Era, and Marginal Space: The Existential Condition of Five Decades of Hong Kong Literature,” Li Tuo’s “Resistance to Modernity: Reflections on Mainland Chinese Literary Criticism in the 1980s,” and Michelle Yeh’s “Death of the Poet: Poetry and Society in Contemporary China and Taiwan” first ap- peared in the special issue “Contemporary Chinese Literature: Crossing the Bound- aries” (edited by Yvonne Chang) of Literature East and West (1995). Jeffrey Kinkley’s “A Bibliographic Survey of Publications on Chinese Literature in Translation from 1949 to 1999” first appeared in Choice (April 1994; copyright by the American Library Associ- ation). All of the essays have been revised for this volume. This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by David D. W. Wang All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences— Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
  • About the Contributors

    About the Contributors

    About the Contributors Special Forum – Charting Transnational Native American Studies JONI ADAMSON is Associate Professor of English and Environmental Humanities in the School of Letters and Sciences and a Senior Research Scholar at the Global Institute of Sustainability at Arizona State University. She is at work on two new collections, Keywords in the Study of Environment and Culture (NYU Press, forthcoming) and American Studies, Ecocriticism, and Citizenship (Routledge, forthcoming 2012). CHADWICK ALLEN is Associate Professor of English and the Coordinator for the American Indian Studies Program at The Ohio State University. He is the author of Blood Narrative: Indigenous Identity in American Indian and Maori Literary and Activist Texts (Duke University Press, 2002) and Trans-Indigenous: Methodologies for Global Native Literary Studies (University of Minnesota Press, forthcoming 2012) and the submissions editor for the journal SAIL: Studies in American Indian Literatures. JOSEPH BAUERKEMPER is Assistant Professor in the Department of American Indian Studies at the University of Minnesota Duluth where he teaches courses in politics, literature, and law. He previously held postdoctoral fellowships in the American Indian Studies Program at the University of Illinois and the Andrew W. Mellon Program for the study of “Cultures in Transnational Perspective” at the University of California, Los Angeles. PHILIP J. DELORIA is the Carroll Smith-Rosenberg Collegiate Professor in the Departments of History and American Culture at the University of Michigan and Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. He is the author of Playing Indian and Indians in Unexpected Places, as well as numerous articles, essays, and reviews.
  • Step 1- Formula by Category Template 12 Answer Key Pan-Canadian Only Formula NCCAOM Only Formula

    Step 1- Formula by Category Template 12 Answer Key Pan-Canadian Only Formula NCCAOM Only Formula

    Step 1- Formula by Category Template 12 Answer Key Pan-Canadian only formula NCCAOM only formula EPI Ma huang tang *** Wind-Cold (5) Gui zhi tang *** Xiao qing long tang ** Jiu wei qiang huo tang ** Ge gen tang EPI Yin qiao san *** Wind-Heat (4) Sang ju yin *** Ma xing shi gan tang ** Chai ge jie ji tang ** EPI –Tonic (3) Bai du san * Ren shen bai du san *** Jia jian we rui tang * Purging down Da cheng qi tang *** + cooling (3) Xiao cheng qi tang *** Tiao wei cheng qi tang *** Purging down Da huang fu zi tang * + warming Wen pi tang * Purging down Ma zi ren wan *** + moistening (3) Ji cuan jian * Run chang wang Harmonizing Shaoyang (2) Xiao chai hu tang ** Hao qin qing dan tang Harmonizing Si ni san *** Liver/Spleen (5) Xiao yao san *** Tong xie yao feng * Chai hu shu gan tang ** Shao yao gan cao tang Harmonizing Ban xia xie xin tang *** Intestines/ Stomach (3) Gan cao xie xin tang * Sheng jiang xie xin tang * Qi level Bai hu tang *** Heat clearing (2) Zhu ye shi gao tang Ying + Blood level Qing ying tang *** Heat clearing (2) Xi jiao di huang tang ** Detoxifying + Lian ge san Heat clearing (3) Pu ji xiao du yin Huang lian jie du tang *** Qi + blood level Qing wen bai du san Heat clearing (1) Clearing Heat from Zang fu (10) Long dan xie gan tang *** Zuo jin wan *** Yu nu jian ** Shao yao tang * Dao chi san ** Xie bai san * Qing wei san *** Bai tou weng tang ** Ting li da zao xie fei tang Xie huang tang ** Clearing deficiency heat (4) Qing hao bie jia tang *** Qing gu san Dang gui liu huang tang * Qin jiao bie jia tang Summer heat clearing