Stalin's and Mao's Famines
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HRWF Human Rights in the World Newsletter Bulgaria Table Of
Table of Contents • EU votes for diplomats to boycott China Winter Olympics over rights abuses • CCP: 100th Anniversary of the party who killed 50 million • The CCP at 100: What next for human rights in EU-China relations? • Missing Tibetan monk was sentenced, sent to prison, family says • China occupies sacred land in Bhutan, threatens India • 900,000 Uyghur children: the saddest victims of genocide • EU suspends efforts to ratify controversial investment deal with China • Sanctions expose EU-China split • Recalling 10 March 1959 and origins of the CCP colonization in Tibet • Tibet: Repression increases before Tibetan Uprising Day • Uyghur Group Defends Detainee Database After Xinjiang Officials Allege ‘Fake Archive’ • Will the EU-China investment agreement survive Parliament’s scrutiny? • Experts demand suspension of EU-China Investment Deal • Sweden is about to deport activist to China—Torture and prison be damned • EU-CHINA: Advocacy for the Uyghur issue • Who are the Uyghurs? Canadian scholars give profound insights • Huawei enables China’s grave human rights violations • It's 'Captive Nations Week' — here's why we should care • EU-China relations under the German presidency: is this “Europe’s moment”? • If EU wants rule of law in China, it must help 'dissident' lawyers • Happening in Europe, too • U.N. experts call call for decisive measures to protect fundamental freedoms in China • EU-China Summit: Europe can, and should hold China to account • China is the world’s greatest threat to religious freedom and other basic human rights -
Yundong: Mass Movements in Chinese Communist Leadership a Publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Yundong: Mass Movements in Chinese Communist Leadership A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. @1976 by the Regents of the University of California ISBN 0-912966-15-7 Library of Congress Catalog Number 75-620060 Printed in the United States of America $4.50 Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER TWELVE YUNDONG: MASS CAMPAIGNS IN CHINESE COMMUNIST LEADERSHIP GORDON BENNETT 4 Contents List of Abbreviations 8 Foreword 9 Preface 11 Piny in Romanization of Familiar Names 14 INTRODUCTION 15 I. ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT 19 Background Factors 19 Immediate Factors 28 Development after 1949 32 II. HOW TO RUN A MOVEMENT: THE GENERAL PATTERN 38 Organizing a Campaign 39 Running a Compaign in a Single Unit 41 Summing Up 44 III. YUNDONG IN ACTION: A TYPOLOGY 46 Implementing Existing Policy 47 Emulating Advanced Experience 49 Introducing and Popularizing a New Policy 55 Correcting Deviations from Important Public Norms 58 Rectifying Leadership Malpractices among Responsible Cadres and Organizations 60 Purging from Office Individuals Whose Political Opposition Is Excessive 63 Effecting Enduring Changes in Individual Attitudes and Social Institutions that Will Contribute to the Growth of a Collective Spirit and Support the Construction of Socialism 66 IV. DEBATES OVER THE CONTINUING VALUE OF YUNDONG 75 Rebutting the Critics: Arguments in Support of Campaign Leadership 80 V. -
Mao and Reagan
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 6-1-2013 Constructing Heroic Ideologies: Mao and Reagan Alexander A. Bowe University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Politics Commons Recommended Citation Bowe, Alexander A., "Constructing Heroic Ideologies: Mao and Reagan" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 80. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/80 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. CONSTRUCTING HEROIC IDEOLOGIES: MAO AND REAGAN __________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts __________ by Alexander A. Bowe June 2013 Advisor: Jack Donnelly ©Copyright by Alexander A. Bowe 2013 All Rights Reserved “A True Dragon and Son of Heaven has appeared in Yan'an; he's liberated Beijing and now sits on the Imperial Throne.” – Lao She, Fang Zhenzhu “Grown men don’t tend to worship other grown men—unless, of course, they happen to be professional Republicans, in which case no bow is too deep, and no praise too fawning, for the 40th president of the United States: Saint Ronald Reagan.” –Andrew Romano, “What Would Reagan Really Do?” Author: Alexander A. Bowe Title: CONSTRUCTING HEROIC IDEOLOGIES: MAO AND REAGAN Advisor: Jack Donnelly Degree Date: June 2013 Abstract The political hero cult of Mao Zedong is archetypal in terms of the development of a modern cult of personality. -
How the Urals Might Answer Russia's 21St-Century
No. 69 l July 2021 KENNAN CABLE President Vladimir Putin addresses the opening of the INNOPROM-2017 industrial trade fair in Ekaterinburg, Russia. (Source: en.kremlin.ru / Attribution: CC BY 4.0) How the Urals Might Answer Russia’s 21st-Century Economic Crisis: A Pivot to the East? By Michael J. Corsi In the early history of Russia, the Ural Mountains were breakdown of relations between Russia and former the New World of the empire. At about the same time Soviet republics, such as Ukraine, as well as increasing Columbus “discovered” the North American continent, contention between Russia and NATO over the future Russian explorers stumbled upon this magnificent of states like Belarus—mainly the result of Russian mountain range. In the 18th century, Vasily Tatishchev, military mobilization there and Putin’s attempts to on-and-off head of the Urals mining industry, declared exploit Lukashenko’s political vulnerability in lieu of the region a continental boundary, a place where one fraudulent election results—has limited the country’s could stand with one foot in Europe and the other in western trading partners. Asia. Almost 300 years later, Tatishchev’s observation Furthermore, in response to continued Russian continues to ring true. The Russian Federation is poised cyberattacks and international aggression, the to embark on a great economic reorientation. The Urals, United States is committed to pursuing punitive timeless as ever, lie right in the middle of this shift. sanctions against Russian exports to Europe, while Russia’s geopolitical position in the West has become simultaneously hindering the construction of new increasingly precarious over the past 30 years. -
Why Did China's Population Grow So Quickly?
SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Why Did China’s Population Grow so Quickly? F DAVID HOWDEN AND YANG ZHOU hina’s one-child policy has come to be widely regarded as an effective piece of government legislation that saved the country from a Malthusian fate. C The Cultural Revolution of 1966–76 was the crowning achievement of Mao Zedong, chairman of the Communist Party of China (CPC) from 1945 to 1976. -
The Institutional Causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961
Review of Economic Studies (2015) 82, 1568–1611 doi:10.1093/restud/rdv016 © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Review of Economic Studies Limited. Advance access publication 20 April 2015 The Institutional Causes of China’s Great Famine, 1959–1961 Downloaded from XIN MENG Australian National University NANCY QIAN Yale University http://restud.oxfordjournals.org/ and PIERRE YARED Columbia University First version received January 2012; final version accepted January 2015 (Eds.) This article studies the causes of China’s Great Famine, during which 16.5 to 45 million individuals at Columbia University Libraries on April 25, 2016 perished in rural areas. We document that average rural food retention during the famine was too high to generate a severe famine without rural inequality in food availability; that there was significant variance in famine mortality rates across rural regions; and that rural mortality rates were positively correlated with per capita food production, a surprising pattern that is unique to the famine years. We provide evidence that an inflexible and progressive government procurement policy (where procurement could not adjust to contemporaneous production and larger shares of expected production were procured from more productive regions) was necessary for generating this pattern and that this policy was a quantitatively important contributor to overall famine mortality. Key words: Famines, Modern chinese history, Institutions, Central planning JEL Codes: P2, O43, N45 1. INTRODUCTION -
Reimagining Revolutionary Labor in the People's Commune
Reimagining Revolutionary Labor in the People’s Commune: Amateurism and Social Reproduction in the Maoist Countryside by Angie Baecker A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Asian Languages and Cultures) in the University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Xiaobing Tang, Co-Chair, Chinese University of Hong Kong Associate Professor Emily Wilcox, Co-Chair Professor Geoff Eley Professor Rebecca Karl, New York University Associate Professor Youngju Ryu Angie Baecker [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0182-0257 © Angie Baecker 2020 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my grandmother, Chang-chang Feng 馮張章 (1921– 2016). In her life, she chose for herself the penname Zhang Yuhuan 張宇寰. She remains my guiding star. ii Acknowledgements Nobody writes a dissertation alone, and many people’s labor has facilitated my own. My scholarship has been borne by a great many networks of support, both formal and informal, and indeed it would go against the principles of my work to believe that I have been able to come this far all on my own. Many of the people and systems that have enabled me to complete my dissertation remain invisible to me, and I will only ever be able to make a partial account of all of the support I have received, which is as follows: Thanks go first to the members of my committee. To Xiaobing Tang, I am grateful above all for believing in me. Texts that we have read together in numerous courses and conversations remain cornerstones of my thinking. He has always greeted my most ambitious arguments with enthusiasm, and has pushed me to reach for higher levels of achievement. -
On Stalin's Team
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION When Stalin wanted to temporize in dealing with foreigners, he sometimes indicated that the problem would be getting it past his Polit- buro. This was taken as a fiction, since the diplomats assumed, correctly, that the final decision was his. But that doesn’t mean that there wasn’t a Polit buro that he consulted or a team of colleagues he worked with. That team—about a dozen persons at any given time, all men—came into ex- istence in the 1920s, fought the Opposition teams headed by Lev Trotsky and Grigory Zinoviev after Lenin’s death, and stayed together, remark- ably, for three decades, showing a phoenixlike capacity to survive team- threatening situations like the Great Purges, the paranoia of Stalin’s last years, and the perils of the post- Stalin transition. Thirty years is a long time to stay together in politics, even in a less lethal political climate than that of the Soviet Union under Stalin. The team finally disbanded in 1957, when one member (Nikita Khrushchev) made himself the new top boss and got rid of the rest of them. I’ve used the term “team” (in Russian, komanda) for the leadership group around Stalin. At least one other scholar has also used this term, but alternatives are available. You could call it a “gang” (shaika) if you wanted to claim that its activities—ruling the country—had an illegiti- mate quality that made them essentially criminal rather than govern- mental. -
Political Generations: Memories and Perceptions of the Chinese Communist Party-State Since 1949
Political generations: memories and perceptions of the Chinese Communist Party-State since 1949 Hexuan Zhang Taiyuan, Shanxi, China M.A. University of Virginia, 2013 B.A. Peking University, 2010 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Virginia May, 2019 Committee members: Jeffrey Olick (Chair) Sarah Corse Yingyao Wang Brantly Womack I Abstract In this dissertation, I examine the three political generations that took shape during the rapid social changes and historical transformations in China since the mid 20th century. Drawing on Mannheim’s social-historical definition of generation, I identify these generations by the three major transformative events/processes each experienced during late adolescence and early adulthood: the founding of the PRC in 1949, the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976, and the Tiananmen Crackdown in 1989. I address two research questions: how have the historical events and the Party-state shaped the life trajectories and generational habitus of each political generation, and how the concept of “political generations” can help analyze distinct views and narratives about “Guo Jia,” the state, and perceptions of state legitimacy. To answer these questions, I rely on two data sources: historical archives of official documents and 56 in-depth interviews in Beijing across the three political generations. I adopt an interpretive approach and use textual analysis to provide the historical contexts of the formation of political generations and their explicit views and implicit beliefs towards their past lived experiences and the Party-state. In general, I find that the historical events that happened during each generation’s formative years had a relatively more prominent and lasting impact on their moral values and worldviews, including their political and emotional engagement with the state and their perceptions and expectations of state legitimacy. -
Dutch Uyghur Bill
Preliminary recommendations with regards to a "Dutch Uyghur Human Rights Bill" A photograph on transfer of Uyghur detainees from Korla city of the Uyghur region, (the video was recorded using a drone by an unknown person) Dutch Uyghur Human Rights Foundation June 2020 1 As per the Universl Declaration of Human Rights1 adopted on the general assembly of the United Nations on 1948, among the many rights that every human being is entitled to, are included freedom of thought, freedom of belief, freedom of expression and freedom of assembly. The People's Republic of China has pledged to protect the rights set out in this declaration by signing this major document of the United Nations. Despite this, the rights of the Uyghur people have been severely violated for decades, with significant abuses that have left millions of Uyghurs deprived of any of their human rights, and lead to the current situation of mass-scale imprisonment in internment camps, against the promise to the world "Never Again" that was made in the wake of the Holocaust that took place during World War II. The Uyghur homeland has been turned into an open-air prison, with descriptions that could be only paralleled by George Orwell's dystopian novel “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. The whole region has been transformed into a police state, with millions of cameras and unprecedented levels of high-tech surveillance that make use of the state-of-the-art technologies in Artificial Intelligence (A.I.)2 and facial recognition3. Following the revelation of the existence of internment camps to the International Community, which were first denied by China before it admitted them, the Uyghur tragedy has become one of the highlights of the world agenda. -
Journalist Biographie Archibald, John
Report Title - p. 1 of 303 Report Title Amadé, Emilio Sarzi (Curtatone 1925-1989 Mailand) : Journalist Biographie 1957-1961 Emilio Sarzi Amadé ist Korrespondent für Italien in China. [Wik] Archibald, John (Huntley, Aberdeenshire 1853-nach 1922) : Protestantischer Missionar, Journalist Biographie 1876-1913 John Archibald arbeitet für die National Bible Society of Scotland in Hankou. Er resit in Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Anhui und Jiangxi. [Who2] 1913 John Archibald wird Herausgeber der Central China post. [Who2] Bibliographie : Autor 1910 Archibald, John. The National Bible Society of Scotland. In : The China mission year book ; Shanghai (1910). [Int] Balf, Todd (um 2000) : Amerikanischer Journalist, Senior Editor Outside Magazine, Mitherausgeber Men's journal Bibliographie : Autor 2000 Balf, Todd. The last river : the tragic race for Shangi-la. (New York, N.Y. : Crown, 2000). [Erstbefahrung 1998 für die National Geographic Society durch wilde Schluchten des Brahmaputra (Tsangpo) in Tibet, die wegen Strömungen und Tod von Douglas Gordon (1956-1998) scheitert]. [WC,Cla] Balfour, Frederic Henry (1846-1909) : Kaufmann, Journalist in China Bibliographie : Autor 1876 Balfour, Frederic Henry. Waifs and strays from the Far East ; being a series of disconnected essays on matters relating to China. (London : Trübner, 1876). https://archive.org/details/waifsstraysfromf00balfrich. 1881 Chuang Tsze. The divine classsic of Nan-hua : being the works of Chuang Tsze, taoist philosopher. With an excursus, and copious annotations in English and Chinese by Frederic Henry Balfour. (Shanhgai ; Hongkong : Kelly & Walsh, 1881). [Zhuangzi. Nan hua jing]. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100328385. 1883 Balfour, Frederic Henry. Idiomatic dialogues in the Peking colloquial for the use of students. (Shanghai : Printed at the North-China Herald Office, 1883). -
Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–21 Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–21
Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–21 Nestor Makhno and Rural Anarchism in Ukraine, 1917–21 Colin Darch First published 2020 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Colin Darch 2020 The right of Colin Darch to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7453 3888 0 Hardback ISBN 978 0 7453 3887 3 Paperback ISBN 978 1 7868 0526 3 PDF eBook ISBN 978 1 7868 0528 7 Kindle eBook ISBN 978 1 7868 0527 0 EPUB eBook Typeset by Stanford DTP Services, Northampton, England For my grandchildren Historia scribitur ad narrandum, non ad probandum – Quintilian Contents List of Maps viii List of Abbreviations ix Acknowledgements x 1. The Deep Roots of Rural Discontent: Guliaipole, 1905–17 1 2. The Turning Point: Organising Resistance to the German Invasion, 1918 20 3. Brigade Commander and Partisan: Makhno’s Campaigns against Denikin, January–May 1919 39 4. Betrayal in the Heat of Battle? The Red–Black Alliance Falls Apart, May–September 1919 54 5. The Long March West and the Battle at Peregonovka 73 6. Red versus White, Red versus Green: The Bolsheviks Assert Control 91 7. The Last Act: Alliance at Starobel’sk, Wrangel’s Defeat, and Betrayal at Perekop 108 8. The Bitter Politics of the Long Exile: Romania, Poland, Germany, and France, 1921–34 128 9.