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Wider Reading Subject HISTORY Topic Mao's China: Establishing Subject HISTORY Topic Mao’s China: Establishing Year 12 (page 1) Term 1 Communist Rule, 1949-1957 Learning Sequence Wider Reading Key People Tao Zhu (1908-69) A rising star who rose to become the Rao Shushi (1903-75) Party leader in Shanghai 1. Overview: It’s all Chinese to me Communist States in the 20th fourth in the party hierarchy, before being purged in the C – Pearson Textbook Ben Cultural Revolution. Gregory, Nigel Bushnell, Rob 2. How did Mao declare the PRC? Luo Ruiqing (1906-78) Served first as minister for public Bo Yibo (1908-2007) A former guerrilla fighter who had Owen. security and then, from 1959-65, as chief of general staff joined the committee in 1945 and went on to become a in the PLA. He became a victim of infighting in the Cultural leading economic planner in the 1950s. He was purged 3. How successful were the communists in establishing My Revision Notes: Edexcel Revolution and spent 12 years of his life as a cripple and during the Cultural Revolution because of his moderate a political system? AS/A-level History: Mao's committed suicide. views. China, 1949-76 - Andrew Flint 4. How effectively did the Communist Party deal with Key Terms Definitions opposition? Revise Edexcel GCSE (9-1) 5. Korean War. History Mao's China Revision Rightist A person who supports the political views or policies of Guide and Workbook: with the right. free online edition (Revise 6. Assessment Edexcel GCSE History 16) Politburo A politburo or political bureau is the executive committee for communist parties. It is present in most former and existing communist states. Under Key Terms Definitions Trotskyism, the Politburo is a bureau of the Central Committee Red Guard Red Guards were a mass student-led paramilitary social movement mobilized and guided by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the first phase of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted. Political In the military, a political commissar or political officer, Commissar is a supervisory officer responsible for the political Scorched Earth A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy when education and organization of the unit they are retreating from a position. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted. This usually includes obvious assigned to, and intended to ensure civilian control of weapons, transport vehicles, communication sites, and industrial resources. However, anything useful to the advancing the military. enemy can be targeted including food stores and agricultural areas, water sources, and even the local people themselves, although this has been banned under the 1977 Geneva Conventions. The practice can be carried out by the Cadres In political contexts a cadre consists of a small group of military in enemy territory, or in its own home territory while being invaded. It may overlap with, but it is not the same people. The word may also refer to a single member of as, punitive destruction of the enemy's resources, which is usually done as part of political strategy, rather than such a group operational strategy. Hyperinflation In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation. It quickly erodes the real value of the local Domino The domino theory was a theory prominent from the currency, as the prices of all goods increase. This causes people to minimize their holdings in that currency as they Theory 1950s to the 1980s that posited that if one country in a usually switch to more stable foreign currencies, often the US Dollar. Prices typically remain stable in terms of other region came under the influence of communism, then relatively stable currencies. the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect. The domino theory was used by successive CPPCC The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, also known as the People's PCC or simply the PCC, is a political United States administrations during the Cold War to legislative advisory body in the People's Republic of China. The organisation consists of delegates from a range of justify the need for American intervention around the political parties and organisations, as well as independent members. The proportion of representation of the various world parties is determined by established convention, negotiated between the parties. Subject HISTORY Topic Mao’s China: Agriculture and Year 12 (page 2) Term 1 industry, 1948-1957 Learning Sequence Wider Reading Key People th Communist States in the 20 Peng Dehuai – A long march veteran with a reputation for Chen Yun (1905-95): A long-time politburo member with C – Pearson Textbook Ben straight talking and falling out with Mao. Led the PLA in great significant influence over economic planning. He How and why did the system of land-ownership Gregory, Nigel Bushnell, Rob Korean War. Saw the suffering of Great Leap Forward. had been trained in Russia. He liked centralised control change? Owen. over the economy and drew up the Third Five-Year Pan, My Revision Notes: Edexcel restoring central control. AS/A-level History: Mao's China, 1949-76 - Andrew Flint Dr Li Zhisui (1919-95) Mao’s personal physician and Li Fuchun (1899-75): Li Fuchun was a Chinese Communist How successful were the first 5 years? Revise Edexcel GCSE (9-1) confidant. Moved to USA after Mao’s death and wrote his revolutionary and politician. He served as a Vice Premier History Mao's China Revision memoirs. Was warmly received by the USA but regarded of the People's Republic of China. Guide and Workbook: with as propaganda and banned in PRC. free online edition (Revise Edexcel GCSE History 16) Key Terms Definitions Key Terms Definitions Agrarian Reform Agrarian Reform Law China. Agrarian reform law China was implemented Sino-Soviet Split The Sino-Soviet split was the breaking of political relations between the People's Republic Law keeping in mind the factor of class struggle among the agrarian population of of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, caused by doctrinal divergences that China. arose from their different interpretations and practical applications of Marxism–Leninism, as influenced by their respective geopolitics during the Cold War. In the late 1950s and early Collectivisation Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural 1960s, Sino–Soviet debates about the interpretation of orthodox Marxism became specific production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". disputes about the USSR's policies of national de-Stalinization and international peaceful That type of collective is often an agricultural cooperative in which member- coexistence with the Western world, which Mao decried as Marxist revisionism. Against that owners jointly engage in farming activities. The process by which farmland is ideological background, China took a belligerent stance towards the West, and publicly aggregated is called collectivization. In some countries, there have been state- run and cooperative-run variants. For example, the Soviet Union ha… rejected the USSR's policy of peaceful coexistence between the Eastern bloc and the The collectivization of agriculture (nongye jitihua 农业集体化) had a much Western bloc. In addition, China resented the closer Soviet ties with India, and Moscow more severe impact on the life of Chinese, as 80 per cent of the population feared Mao was too nonchalant about the horrors of nuclear war. were still peasants. It was also a critical issue because most party cadres hailed from the countryside. Revisionism A term of criticism used by Communists to describe any course of action that they felt betrayed communist principles. Mao frequently used it against his Utopian Socialism socialism achieved by the moral persuasion of capitalists to surrender the means of enemies, notably Krushchev. production peacefully to the people. It was advocated by Johann Fichte and Robert Owen among others. Sputnik any of a series of man-made satellites put into orbit by the U.S.S. R. beginning in October, 1957 European Concessions in China were a group of concessions within late imperial China and during the Concessions ... Concessions in China · Concession territories · European colonisation in Asia · Former enclaves · Qing dynasty · History of the Republic of China ... Subject HISTORY Topic Mao’s China: The Cultural Year 12 (page 3) Term 2 Revolution and its aftermath Learning Sequence Wider Reading Key People Communist States in the 20th Lin Biao (1907-1971): Brilliant military commander Chen Boda (1904-89): Headed the Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution 1966-76 C – Pearson Textbook Ben qandentered politics in 1959 replacing Peng Duhai as Group (CCRG) , which directed the Cultural Revolution Gregory, Nigel Bushnell, Rob defence minister following Lushan Conference. He was from inside the Politburo and collaborated with Lin Biao Owen. responsible for developing Mao’s personality cult in the in putting together the Little Red Book. He had How effective were the Red Guards in carrying out the 1960s particularly through promoting The Little Red Book previously edited the party journal, The Red Flag. My Revision Notes: Edexcel Cultural Revolution? in the army. He brought the PLA closer under Mao’s AS/A-level History: Mao's control and enabled him to fend off rivals. Red Guards Purging of the Leadership China, 1949-76 - Andrew Flint Kang Sheng (1914-91): Mao’s chief of secret police. He Revise Edexcel GCSE (9-1) was ruthless, effective and corrupt , having orchestrated History Mao's China Revision the rectification campaigns in the Yanan years and also The PLA and the winding down of the Cultural Guide and Workbook: with built up an impressive collection of antiques confiscated Revolution free online edition (Revise from his victims. He worked closely with Jiang Qing. Edexcel GCSE History 16) Key Terms Definitions Key Terms Definitions Personality Excessive public admiration for or devotion to a famous person, especially a Gang of Four The Gang of Four was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials.
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