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“Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z” Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 301 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 “Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z” (“The Aerospace Engines, A-Z”) TEXTO PRINCIPAL Edición 2018-V12 INICIO AUTOR : RICARDO MIGUEL VIDAL 2018 * * * Curiosidades -Armstrong Siddeley puso nombres de felinos a sus motores de émbolo más representativos: Cheetah, Puma, Lynx, Tiger, Jaguar, Panther... -A los motores de turbina, sin embargo, los bautizó con nombres de reptiles: Python, Viper, Mamba, etc... Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 302 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 RICARDO MIGUEL VIDAL AUTOR de “Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z” y del Blog: < aerospaceengines.blogspot.com > * * * Curiosidades -Bristol bautizó a su sinfín de motores con nombres mitológicos: Mercury, Jupiter, Lucifer, Pegasus, Aquila, Hercu- les, Phoenix, Titan, Cherub, Perseus, Taurus, Centaurus, Odin, Thor, Nimbus, Gnome, Theseus, Protheus, Olympus, Orpheus, etc... Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 303 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 A A.A Mikulin (ver MIKULIN) A.G. Ivchenko (ver IVCHENKO) ABADAL.- España. Francisco Serralera Abadal, industrial de Barcelona fundó la FS Abadal en 1908, radicada en el Auto Garaje Central de la calle Aragón para atender los automóviles Hispano Suiza de los que fué concesionario. En 1912 abrió una fábrica en Bélgica que inicialmente denominó Abadal, en Nessonvaux-les-Liege para la fabricación de coches. Fué continuada con la marca Imperia siendo los Abadal-Imperia, que también se construyeron en Barcelona más tarde. Y Abadal-Buick. “Abadal 12Y” -Tenía 12 cilindros en tres bloques de cuatro cilindros cada uno, dispuestos en forma de “Y”. Refrigerado por agua y con reductora para la hélice. -A pesar de tener una hilera de cilindros invertida en su parte inferior, su instalación en un monomotor queda protegida entre las ruedas del tren de aterrizaje, además la hélice libra el suelo gracias a la reductora de engranajes superpuestos. -De 19 litros de cilindrada y 375 CV a 2500 rpm. “Logo de Abadal y Cia” -Era un gran deportista y entusiasta del automovilismo, ABC.-Reino Unido (UK). El nombre completo es “ABC conocido como Paco Abadal en éstas lides. Motors Eng. Co. Ltd.” formada en 1911 como sucesora de ABEC “All British Engine Company” y que estaba -Tuvo una estrecha relación con Birkigt y Mateu (HS), a instalada en Walton-on-Thames, en Hersham, Surrey. veces algo tormentosa. Su motor de aviación, el Abadal 12Y de 1917/18 tenía muchas trazas de los HS, se aprecia -Fueron conocidos los “Gadfl y”, “Gnat”, “Scorpion”, en lineas generales que los bloques de cilindros son los de “Wasp”, “Hornet”, “Mosquito” y especialmente el los V8 de la famosa marca. “Dragonfl y”. * * * Curiosidades USA -En los desiertos de Arizona de clima estable y seco se almacenan las aeronaves de las Fuerzas Aéreas, en preservación o con destino al desguace. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 304 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 “ABC Dragonfl y” -Diseñados por G. Bradshaw se construyeron principal- mente durante la WWI. -En el momento de ésta redacción no disponemos datos “ABC Wasp” del “Gadfl y”. -Entre los años 1914 y 1918, los aviones ligeros ingleses -Mas adelante tenemos fotografi as de las versiones utiliza- utilizaron mucho los “Gnat”, de entre 35 y 45 HP según das como APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) de las instalaciones versión. Tenían dos cilindros horizontales opuestos, ale- de a bordo y de tierra como fuentes de energía autónomas. tas de cobre y también una válvula de admisión y dos de escape. El de la fi gura es de 40 HP. -De hecho, el primer motor aéreo de la marca ABC fué uno con cilindros en linea verticales y 40 HP, refrigerado por agua, derivado de los que construía ABEC. -Fué seguido por otro V8 de 100 HP presentado en 1912. Ver Addendum 4. -En 1916 apareció el “Mosquito”, radial de 6 cilindros, refrigerado por aire y 120 HP, aunque no dió el resultado apetecido. -A continuación salieron los “Wasp”, similares con 7 cilindros en estrella y 170 HP. -(El “Wasp II entregaba 200 HP), destacando que poseía una válvula de admisión y dos de escape por cilindro. “ABC Gnat” Curiosidades* * USA * -Horno de fusión para aluminio/Dural. Extraña observar que cuatro aviones de transporte C-124 sólo ocupan los cuatro blo- ques al lado de ésta persona. Pintado en cada bloque fundido está el modelo y número de serie. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 305 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 -La versión de 35 HP a 1800 rpm , con encendido simple se hizo con salida directa o con reductor. -Hubo otra versión que era de “Corta-vida”: 2 Hrs y fun- gible. El “Gnat II” daba los 45 HP. “Logo ABC Cars” -En el periodo de 1918 a 1924, cancelados los contratos militares de la Gran Guerra, ABC se concentró en la producción de motores para motocicletas y automóviles, como “All British Cars”. -Estos motores ABC a principios de los 1920’s se adap- taron para su uso aéreo. “ABC de automóviles, adaptados” -Tal es el caso del avión Wren que utilizó un pequeño mo- -Los ABC “Scorpión” salieron hacia 1924, siéndo bicilín- tor de motocicleta de 2 cilindros y 400 cc dando solo 7-8 dricos horizontales y opuestos, con doble encendido. HP, conocido como “Bradshaw”. -El Mk.I daba 24 HP a 2500 rpm. La versión de 30 HP aparece en la fotografía siguiente. “Avión Wren” -También se utilizaron los motores de automóviles ABC adaptados y que veremos a continuación. “ABC Scorpion, 24 HP” * * * Curiosidad -El motor Douglas de dos cilindros opuestos utilizado en aviación también (ver) iba instalado en las motocicletas, de donde procedía, de manera longitudinal en lugar de la posición transversal de las BMW. Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 306 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 “ABC Scorpion, de 30 HP” “Dos ABC Hornet” -El “Scorpion” mejorado, de 34 HP a 2300 rpm fué el Mk.II. -Los cilindros estaban dispuestos horizontalmente, opues- tos dos a dos, cubicaba 3990 cc, dando los 75 HP a 1875 rpm y los 81 HP a 2075 rpm. -El “Dragonfl y” fué construído masivamente en UK du- rante la WWI por varias compañias. -Con 9 cilindros en estrella simple y de 320/350 HP según los diferentes modelos que se hicieron de éste motor. -Tenía la disposición de tres válvulas por culata, doble encendido por cilindro con dos magnetos independientes, cada una alimentando a una de las dos bujias del cilindro. “ABC Scorpion II” -Hacia 1926 se fabricaron los “Hornet”, variante de 4 cilin- dros del “Scorpion” que sólo poseía dos. Daba potencias entre 75/81 HP “ABC Dragonfl y” * * * Dirigibles -Muchos dirigibles llevaban los motores dentro de las cabinas, junto a los tripulantes. Posteri- ormente se instalarían en góndolas externas. (popsci-PeT). Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 2/12 Página: 307 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 -Tenían dos carburadores y salida directa para la hélice. “ABC Dragonfl y, por detrás” -Respecto a los grupos auxiliares, ya en la Segunda Guerra Mundial fabricó grupos de a bordo, siguiendo con ello después de la guerra. -Por ejemplo, el de 15 HP era un motor de cuatro cilindros en “V” con generador de 28V y 6Kw. -El de 5 HP tenía salidas de movimiento para dinamo, bomba hidráulica y dos compresores por medio de em- bragues y caja de accesorios. -Se aporta a continuación la información añadida en los Apéndices aparecidos sobre la Edición 2008/9. “Dos vistas del V8 de ABC” -Este sistema se llevara a cabo a lo largo de ésta nueva Versión 7 del año 2012. -Se han mostrado dos fotografi as en que el motor está en una estructura de montaje debido a la transmisión que conlleva la instalación para la hélice. -Ahora tenemos el esquema de un motor de motocicleta ABC adaptado para su uso en aviación ligera. Mostrado -De los Apéndice 6 y 7: Hemos recibido un sorprendente en el año 1923 es de dos cilindros horizontales opuesos y motor ABC, diseñado por ABC pero construído en la cubica 400 cc. factoria de Armstrong Whitworth. -Presentado en el Premio “Duke and Sutherland” que tenía -Es un V8 y cada cilindro tiene un diámetro interior de 5 un limite de hasta 750 cc. pulgadas y una carrera de pistones de 4’25 pulgadas. Se menciona en el texto anterior principal. * * * Sorprendentes maquetas a escala de motores -La compañia rusa Vector hace unas fi delísimas maquetas reducidas a escala (1/32, 1/48, etc) en material de resina con algunos detalles metálicos.
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