EOPC Jnay21 Vlm 4 ubr1 Royal Aeronautical Society Volume 44 Number 1 January 2017 AEROSPACE

JANUARY 2017

NEWSPACE START- UPS AIM FOR ORBIT

BREXIT – TAILWIND OR TURBULENCE?

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SpaceX Where no commerce Redressing the has gone before balance

British Airways How low-cost start- How can airlines 14 up companies are recruit more female 28 revolutionising the pilots? utilisation of space. Contents

Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. analysis and comment. 58 The Last Word 10 Antenna Keith Hayward on the pros Perils of protectionism Howard Wheeldon and cons of satellite imagery. considers the implications of As we enter 2017 it is clear that the world is entering a new phase of President-elect Trump. uncertainty and change – and something that for many is without precedent in living memory. For civil aerospace this is particularly unsettling. Over the past 20 years it has shaken off 9/11, SARS, wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and Syria, high oil prices, fi nancial crashes (1998 and 2008) and rare but Features high-profi le aviation accidents such as MH17 and MH370 to keep growing exponentially as the expanding global middle class gets a taste for air travel.

This, in turn, has powered airliner production lines in Toulouse, Seattle, Rolls-Royce Canada, Brazil and elsewhere – along with a vast interconnected global supply chain that touches almost every nation on Earth. Despite social media,

videoconferencing and now even virtual reality – there still is no substitute University of Liverpool The 26 for being there in person. Yet aviation now, perhaps, faces its stiffest test of 18 Raising the UK’s all, as protectionism looms and states retreat to national borders – following Virtual helicopters aerospace ambitions the political shift we saw in 2016 on both sides of the Atlantic. The slowing The potential of virtual Gary Elliott, CE of the (or even reversal) of globalisation then has deep implications for commercial engineering to model Aerospace Technology rotorcraft at different stages Institute, talks about the aviation – from lower GDP growth hitting discretionary spending and of their life cycles. work of the ATI toboost tourism, to punitive tariffs or trade war, or even supranational projects such aerospace R&T. as the EU’s Single European Sky. However, it is important to remember that, even before the latest phase of ‘globalisation’ – aerospace and aviation has 32 Plane Speaking always been a global industry – with the most skilled pilots, designers and Interview with Sir Michael engineers fi nding work outside their place of birth. Connecting people and Airbus Arthur, President of Boeing Europe. far-away places and bringing them closer is simply what aircraft do. As the most visible symbol of our global, interconnected modern society, mass air travel has helped power globalisation but it also means that commercial MoD aviation arguably now has the most to lose. 22 Tim Robinson Tailwind or turbulence? Brexit and its effects on UK [email protected] aerospace. 36 NEWS IN BRIEF Sentinel reloaded Editor-in-Chief AEROSPACE is published by the Royal AEROSPACE subscription rates: Upgrading the RAF’s Tim Robinson Aeronautical Society (RAeS). Non-members, £160 Sentinel surveillance aircraft. +44 (0)20 7670 4353 Chief Executive Please send your order to: [email protected] Simon C Luxmoore Dovetail Services Ltd, 800 Guillat Deputy Editor Advertising Avenue, Kent Science Park, 41 Afterburner Bill Read Simon Levy Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8GU, UK. +44 (0)20 7670 4351 +44 (0)20 7670 4346 +44 (0)1795 592939 [email protected] [email protected] +44 (0)844 856 0650 (fax) 42 Message from our President [email protected] Publications Manager Unless specifi cally attributed, no 43 Message from our Chief Executive Chris Male material in AEROSPACE shall be taken Any member not requiring a print +44 (0)20 7670 4352 to represent the opinion of the RAeS. version of this magazine, please 44 Book Reviews [email protected] contact: [email protected] Reproduction of material used in this 47 Library Additions Production Editor USA: Periodical postage paid at Online publication is not permitted without the Wayne J Davis written consent of the Editor-in-Chief. Champlain New York and additional 48 Wilbur & Orville Wright Lecture Additional features and content +44 (0)20 7670 4354 offi ces. [email protected] Printed by Buxton Press Limited, 49 150th retrospective are available to view online on Palace Road, Buxton, Derbyshire Postmaster: Send address changes www.aerosociety.com/news- Book Review Editor SK17 6AE, UK to IMS of New York, PO Box 1518, 50 Washington DC Branch Champlain NY 12919-1518, USA. expertise/aerospace-insight/ Brian Riddle 51 NAL aircraft factory Including: Visions of the future, Ten beyond Editorial Offi ce Distributed by Royal Mail site plans awesome VR fl ight fl ight experiences, Tailwind Royal Aeronautical Society ISSN 2052-451X or turbulence – the effect of Brexit on Britain’s No.4 Hamilton Place 52 Diary aviation, aerospace and space sectors, Clint London W1J 7BQ, UK 55 Corporate Partners +44 (0)20 7670 4300 Eastwood speaks about the making of [email protected] 56 RAeS Elections the Sully movie, In the December www.aerosociety.com Front cover: Rachel Barrett, First Offi cer for Thomson Airways. Thomson issue of AEROSPACE 57 Tribute to John Glenn

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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT Three stages to space 1. The 39m tall Austral Launch Vehicle (ALV) reusable rocket booster blasts off from the launchpad. 2. Once it reaches hypersonic speed of over Mach 5, the ALV will drop away and deploy wings and a propeller to enable it to fl y back to base. 3. The 20m long SPARTAN scramjet will fl y up into the upper atmosphere at Mach 10. When it runs out of air, the SPARTAN will separate and a small conventional rocket provide the fnal kick to put the satellite into space.

Spin-off applications As well as reducing the cost of sending satellites into orbit, the Spartan scramjet launch system could also be used for space tourism and fast point-to-point travel. As part of the project, UQ has already developed a range of low-cost ground stations which can be used for all types of aerospace vehicles, from launch vehicles and sounding rockets to CubeSats and UAVs.

SPACEFLIGHT This is SPARTAN Researchers at the University of Queensland’s (UQ) Centre for Hypersonics are working on plans for a three-stage low-cost reusable hypersonic space launch system. The concept started as an academic research project to identify design drivers to reduce the cost of reusable launch vehicles. These were identifi ed as modularity, fl exibility and simplicity. The launch system is comprised of three stages, the Austral Launch Vehicle (ALV) reusable rocket booster, and the uncrewed SPARTAN hypersonic scramjet powered spaceplane (pictured) and a small conventional rocket. With this system, there is 95% reusability of hardware, says the University. The project team envisages a phased development with sub-scale demonstrators, with the eventual aim to scale-up the system with a launch site on the north coast of Queensland.

4 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Technology demonstrators The ALV project plans to develop four progressively more complex and expensive vehicles. Starting with low-cost scale models, each vehicle will include the lessons learned from the previous one. The initial focus is on the development of the ALV boosters, as the development of SPARTAN prototypes will not begin until the ALV-2 test vehicle is available.

Mach 10 monster The SPARTAN would be powered by four scramjet module, powered by liquid hydrogen. Construction of the spaceplane would be from Ceramic Matrix Payload Composites (CMC) which ,says Profes- Using the three-stage launch system as sor Michael Smart, at the University of shown, with reusable fl y-back boosters and Queensland, "are much lighter than any hypersonic spaceplane, it would be able to high temperature metallic and can with- to put satellites of between 50-550kg into stand much higher temperatures. CMCs orbit. are critical to making the SPARTAN a reality.” University of Queensland

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SPACEFLIGHT AIR TRANSPORT

ESA Ministerial Qantas has annouced that in 2018 it will launch the fi rst-ever non stop fl ights between approves ExoMars Australia and the UK in 2018. Using Boeing 787-9 Dreamliners, the direct fl ights, from London to Perth, Western Australia, will cover 9,000m and take around 17hrs. Taking A ministerial meeting of intended to help de-risk delivery of its fi rst 787-9 in late 2017, Qantas will confi gure it for 236 passengers. ESA member states has technology for a successful agreed to provide ESA rover landing. extra funding  Meanwhile, for the 2020 the meeting ExoMars rover also saw the mission. UK commit The £370m €1.4bn to funding boost ESA over the comes despite next fi ve years, the loss of the becoming the lead ExoMars Schiaparelli lander nation for the fi rst time in in October, which was Earth observation. Direct UK-Australia fl ights in 2018 Qantas AEROSPACE DEFENCE Solar power to the edge of space Trump blasts Air Force One, F-35 costs

US President-elect Donald than $4 billion. Cancel Trump fl ew into controversy order!” he tweeted. Boeing on 6 December when he shares fell by 0.9% after said that a planned order the announcement. for two new customised Then on 12 December he Boeing 747-8s to replace tweeted: “F-35 program the Air Force One aircraft and cost is out of control. Swiss start-up SolarStratos has revealed a project to fl y a manned was too expensive and Billions of dollars can and aircraft to 75,000ft using just solar power. The lightweight (992lb), two-seat should be cancelled. will be saved on military aircraft, built by PC Aero would take two-hours to climb to 75,000ft using a 72kW “Boeing is building a brand (and other) purchases engine powered by 22sqm of solar cells on the wings. As well as breaking the record, new 747 Air Force One for after January 20”, causing SolarStratos plans to offer commercial ‘edge of space’ fl ights to private passengers future presidents but costs Lockheed Martin’s share or scientists. are out of control, more price to fall 4.2%. Solar Stratos NEWS IN BRIEF

Pakistan International concluded that Washington leisure airline with TUI. The BAE Systems has opened Airlines ATR 42-500 were Tim Peake's Soyuz TMA-M state tax breaks for joint venture will merge a new £15.6m Academy for killed when it crashed capsule is to go on public Boeing's 777X were the TUIfl y airline with the Skills & Knowledge (ASK) into the mountains near display in London at the prohibited under its rules. leisure operations of Air in Samlesbury, Lancashire Havelian on 7 December. Science Musuem in 2017. The EU claimed that this Berlin, which is part-owned – the largest ever single The aircraft was on a fl ight meant that $5.7bn of by Etihad part-owned aerospace skills investment from Chitral to Islamabad. On 21 November, Stratos subsidies were illegal. carrier. The new airline will in the UK. The facility will Aircraft conducted the fi rst While Airbus said this be based in Vienna and will train BAE apprentices Norway has revealed plans fl ight of its single-engined was a ‘knockout blow’ in commence fl ying in April and graduates, as well as to acquire fi ve Boeing P-8 four-seat Stratos 714 the dispute, Boeing also 2017. acting as a skills-hub and Poseidon maritime patrol very light jet in Redmond, claimed victory, as the WTO STEM outreach centre for aircraft in its defence Oregon. had rejected the majority of The UK MoD has the north-west aerospace spending plan. The P-8s, the EU's complaints. committed £100m in sector. to be delivered from 2021, In the latest ruling in the development funding will replace Lockheed long-running EU-US The Etihad Group board to the General Atomics All 42 crew and Martin P-3 Orions and airliner subsidies trade has approved plans to Protector UAV. The passengers onboard a Dassault DA-20 Falcons. dispute, the WTO has create a new low-cost Protector, a variant of

6 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 DEFENCE AEROSPACE India ditches naval Tejas, On 25 November in Toulouse, France, Airbus conducted the fi rst fl ight of its newest A350 variant, the A350-1000. The aircraft, MSN9, was looks for alternative aloft for four hours and 18 minutes on its fi rst fl ight. Three aircraft will take part in the fl ight test campaign with entry into service scheduled The Indian Navy has weight performance for the second half of 2017. revealed it will not deploy which does not allow the naval variant of STOBAR operations AD the HAL Tejas A with an adequate LCA from its weapons load. ski-jump- The Indian Navy, equipped which already aircraft operates MiG- carriers and 29Ks, is now will look for looking for an a replacement alternate carrier- aircraft. The borne fi ghter to be decision is down to the acquired in the next fi ve-to- aircraft's poor thrust to six years. A350-1000 makes fi rst fl ight Airbus SPACEFLIGHT AIR TRANSPORT Embraer delivers VSS Unity performs fi rst glide test 1,300th E-Jet

On 3 December, Virgin Embraer announced on 2 airframer's factory in São Galactic’s second December it has achieved José dos Campos, Brazil.

the milestone of its Em Tianjin Airlines is SpaceShipTwo, VSS br ae Unity, made its fi rst 1,300th E-Jet r now the largest unpowered landing regional airliner Embraer following three months delivery. The operator in aircraft, a Asia, with captive testing slung below E195, was 45 E195s the WhiteKnightTwo launch handed and 20 aircraft. The company’s original over to ERJ145s. SpaceShipTwo crashed in October Chinese carrier It also has 20 2014. No timetable has yet been announced Tianjin Airlines E190-E2s on for the fi rst powered fl ights. at a ceremony at the order from 2014. Virgin Galactic Virgin

the Certifi able Predator testing, ahead of its fi rst the company's Oxford constellation now has 18 B (CPB) for the RAF, will fl ight from the company’s Air Tanzania is to facility. To be equipped satellites in orbit, with 24 integrate UK weapons fl ight test centre in acquire two Bombardier with mission equipment once it is fully operational (Paveway IV and Savannah, Georgia. CS300s, as well as a in Oxford, the H135 and in 2020. Brimstone 2 missiles). Q400 turboprop, via a H145 (of which 29 and A new UK industry leasing agreement with three are on order in total) French light aircraft SpaceX has delayed the coalition, Sky’s the Limit the government fl ight will be handed over to manufacturer Elixir Aircraft fi rst fl ight of its human- comprising AOA, BAR agency. It has also been Ascent. They will replace has fi rmed up the design of rated Dragon capsule, UK, BATA (now Airlines revealed as a previously AS350 Squirrels and Bell its composite, single-engine which will transport UK), IATA and NATS has undisclosed customer for 412s in the training role. piston Elixir, with the goal astronauts to the ISS for come together to warn a single Boeing 787-8. . of fl ying it in the fi rst half of NASA, from April 2017 to that airline fl ight delays are After 17 years in the 2017. The two-seat Elixir the spring of 2018. set to rise from 90,000 The fi rst Airbus Helicopters making, Europe’s Galileo is powered by Rotax 912iS minutes a year to 4 million H135 Juno and H145 satellite navigation and features a ballistic Gulfstream has reported its by 2030 unless Britain Jupiter for the UK rotary network went live on parachute as standard fi rst G600 prototype has modernises its ATM and wing MFTS requirement 15 December with equipment, as well as a completed ground vibration outdated airspace. have been delivered to initial services. The Garmin glass cockpit.

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AEROSPACE SPACEFLIGHT

Arrests after fatal RJ85 German Google Lunar XPrize team PT Scientists, in conjunction with Audi, has revealed that the target location for its private lunar mission is Apollo 17's crash in Colombia landing site. The company has now negotiated a launch contract with Space Civil aviation authorities in Cruz in Bolivia to Medellin Industries which will deliver its ALINA lander and pair of Quattro lunar rovers to Brazil have arrested the when it came down near the Moon. CE and suspended the Rionegro, Colombia, around operating certifi cate of 18 miles from its destination. Private Moon mission aims to LaMia airlines following According to reports, the visit Apollo 17 site the crash of an Avro RJ85 aircraft is believed to have on 28 November in which run out of fuel, after having 71 out of 77 passengers skipped a planned fuel stop and crew were killed. The on the way. Questions are chartered aircraft, which was now being asked whether carrying members of the the authorities who approved Chapecoense Real Brazilian the airline’s fl ight plan should football team, was on a have questioned its margin

1,800 mile fl ight from Santa of safety. PT Scientists DEFENCE AIR TRANSPORT Canada selects C295 for Boeing seals $16.6bn fi xed-wing SAR Iran Air deal Boeing has concluded an and 50 737 MAXs.The almost $17bn (at list price) Boeing deal, given US deal of 80 airliners for Government approval last Iran's fl ag carrier Iran Air, September, follows on as the country modernises from a 115-aircraft Airbus its civil airline fl eet after order by Iran Air in Janaury international sanctions 2016. First deliveries of After 14 years, Canada has chosen the Airbus Defence and Space C295 for have now been removed. Boeing airliners to the the RCAF's Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue (FWSAR) requirement in a $2.4bn First announced in June carrier are scheduled in deal. The RCAF will acquire 16 C295s to provide SAR and these will replace 2016, the purchase 2018, with the full total to six aging de Havilland CC-155 Buffalos and 13 CC-130Hs currently in service. breaks down into 15 be delivered over the next First deliveries will begin in 2019. 777-300ERs, 15 777-9Xs ten years. Airbus Defence and Space NEWS IN BRIEF

of low-cost transatlantic to industry for ways to Lockheed’s LMH-1 hybrid Immarsat has announced fl ights. cut the costs of its space airship. A new Airbus forecast that the European Aviation exploration programmes, predicts that China will Network, the world’s fi rst The EU is to boost defence such as SLS and Orion Following the require nearly 6,000 new integrated satellite and R&D at the European and potential commericial Germanwings crash in passenger and cargo air-to-ground broadband level with a €90m pilot alternatives for “competing 2015, EASA has unveilled aircraft from 2016 to network, has completed a programme to be launched exploration services in the proposals for a new set 2035 (equivalent to 18% series of test fl ights, ahead this year. To be run by the mid-2020s.” of aircrew mental health of total world demand). of roll-out in mid-2017. European Defence Agency, rules, to ‘better support The Airbus 2016-2035 the funding pool would Canadian airship pilot mental fi tness.’ The Global Market Forecast After a three-year battle, suopport defence R&D into manufacturer Solar proposed rules include a estimates new Chinese the US Department electronics, metamaterials, Ship has challenged mandatory psychological deliveries of 5,970 over the of Transportation has encrypted software, robots Lockheed Martin to an assessment before next 20 years, including approved Norwegian Air and UAVs. intercontinental airship enmployment, drug and 4,230 single-aisle and International's permit as a race, competing between alocohol testing as well as 1,740 wide-body aircraft. foreign air carrier – opening NASA has issued a Solar’s Ship’s solar- providing access for pilots Passenger traffi c, says up its planned expansion 'request for information' powered Wolverine against to a support programme. Airbus, will grow at 6.8%.

8 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 GENERAL AVIATION AIR TRANSPORT Extra voltage sets record Bombardier delivers fi rst CS300 to Air Baltic

On 28 November at its has 20 CS300s on order plant in Montreal, Quebec, and Bombardier now has Canada's Bombardier 247 fi rm orders for the handed over the fi rst CS300. The type has CS300 airliner to already received EASA B omba rdi launch customer, er certifi cation with Latvia's FAA approval AirBaltic. expected as The larger AEROSPACE (130-150 goes to press. seat) variant Meanwhile, of the CSeries. after entering

Siemens AirBaltic began service in German aerobatic aircraft designer Walter Extra has set a new FAI time-to-climb record in commercial services the summer with an electrically-powered Extra 330LE. On 25 November he fl ew the battery-powered Extra with the CS300 on launch operator Swiss to 9,842ft in 4minutes and 22 seconds – a new record for an aircraft in the 1,100-2,200lb 14 December with a International airlines, category. The record was made possible by a new lightweight (110lb), high-performance fl ight between Riga and three CS100s are now in electric motor from Siemens which delivers 260kW or 348hp of power. Amsterdam. AirBaltic service. DEFENCE Russian ISS cargo ship burns up On 1 December an uncrewed Russian Progress supply Israel receives fi rst two spacecraft for the ISS burned up in the atmosphere after it F-35s failed to reach the correct orbit. The loss was blamed on the third stage of the Soyuz rocket shutting down earlier than On 13 December, the the fi rst international F-35s expected. Meanwhile on 14 December, a Japanese resupply fi rst two Lockheed Martin delivered to a foreign spacecraft, Kounotori 6, docked successfully with the ISS after F-35As were delivered operator’s base. The pair to the Israeli Air Force at are the fi rst of 50 F-35s being launched by a H-11B rocket on 9 December. a ceremony at Nevatim for the IAF, which will be Airbase, Isreal. The two modifi ed in country with AEROSPACE stealth fi ghters, called ‘Adir’ Israel-only weapons and (Mighty) in IAF service, are systems. INFOGRAPHIC: BAE continues UAV tech tests with surrogate Jetstream ON THE BAE Systems has converted one of its Jetstream 31 aircraft to act as a flying ‘testbed’. The testbed is trialling a range of autonomous technologies that in Jetstream 31 time could be applied to commercial and military aircraft as well as proving the Boeing has appointed safe operation of autonomous aircraft in UK airspace. These technologies include MOVE Flying Testbed sensing, weather avoidance, and satellite-based communication systems. Kevin McAllister as CE How it works Jetstream 31 (Flying Testbed) of its Commercial Planes A twin-turboprop airliner with pressurised fuselage – originally designed to carry 16 passengers. AIR CREW: 2 plus 3 Test personnel The International Civil division. *5281'&5(: 2 (Unmanned Air Vehicle Commander + Flight Test Observer) :,1*63$1 52 feet Aviation Organization /(1*7+ 47 feet 2 inches +(,*+7 17 feet 5 inches 0$;63((' 282 mph (ICAO) has appointed Lufthansa has appointed &58,6(63((' 269 mph 3 6(59,&(&(,/,1* 25,000 feet Commissioner Hajime Thorsten Dirks to the 5$1*( 1,380 miles 2 Latest Test Series

Yoshimura to a one-year Executive Board to 1 In 2016, BAE Systems will trial the Jetstream ‘Flying Test 5 %HGÜWKURXJKDQHZVHULHVRIVHOIIXQGHGWHVWþLJKWV term as President of develop and expand – each lasting 1.5 hours. The aircraft will host a team RIWZRHQJLQHHUVRQERDUGDQGWZRDLUWUDIýFFRQWURO 4 experts on the ground who, together continually assess the ICAO Air Navigation its Eurowings low-cost the performance of the system on the Test Bed. Commission (ANC). subsidiary. New Communications System

4 Cockpit-mounted camera acts as Catherine Buchanan Warwick Brady, formerly ‘HOHFWURQLFH\H’, with an infra-red camera and seven optical cameras is the new Chief COO at easyJet, is to in the Jetstream’s undercarriage for autonomous emergency landing system and sense and avoid Central passenger cabin Commercial Offi cer for become deputy group 1 2 Pilot and co-pilot use for take-off technology for other aircraft and developed as a test lab with and landing only – DLUFUDIWþLHV adverse weather conditions. • This latest series of tests will trial a new, more direct Vertis Aviation in Dubai. chief executive offi cer of powerful computers. Manned LWVHOI once in controlled airspace. method of communication with the Jetstream 31 by a )OLJKW7HVW2EVHUYHU 5 $LUFUDIW,GHQWLýFDWLRQ$QWHQQDH • A commercial phone will be routed via a cellular and 6\VWHPV2SHUDWRU to 3 Antennae for ground-based and (ADS-B=Automatic Dependent provider and secure VPN to the Jetstream Stobart Group in June. test different scenarios. VDWHOOLWHEDVHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQV. Surveillance – Broadcast). • Cutting down communication time between operator and aircraft by almost 50% BAE Systems

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 9 Global Outlook and antenna: Analysis with HOWARD WHEELDON US defence under President Trump

head of the November 2016 Markets clearly think the answer to that Presidential Election the consensus question is that Trump will spend a lot more on view was that a Donald Trump defence. Almost without exception, share prices A victory would be good for US of US defence fi rms have risen sharply in recent defence contractors, while a Hillary months and they have done so as well across most Clinton win might do little more than lead to the of Europe on the back of a belief that the 26 non- continuation of the status quo. North American members of NATO will somehow During the height of the Cold War, defence all have to increase spending on defence. spending in the US peaked at 10% of GDP but, apart from one small surge in the early part of this Shots across NATO's bows decade, it has declined to between 3% and 5% of GDP. It has fallen further since 2010 and, when By being critical of NATO and fi ring a number of US budget sequestration came into effect four warning shots across its bows, Trump rattled more years ago, defence spending is estimated to have than a few feathers in Europe and, in the process, declined by around 15%. Putting this another way spurred on some EU members to consider what it means that, while spending on defence national they might see as eventually being an alternative to security had accounted for 20.1% of the Federal NATO. My own view on this is that, while the rhetoric budget in 2010, by 2015 this had declined to less for a EU Army is there and there may well be some than 16%, while defence as a percentage of GDP form of strengthening of European resolve on this, had fallen to 3.3%. to think of the EU building an alternative to NATO is America isn’t alone in cutting back spending on as unthinkable as it is unaffordable. defence, of course. The UK, Germany, France and It is, of course, too early to more than many other Western nations have cut spending conjecture at this stage what the Trump too. In the election campaign Trump made it plain administration will actually do but I envisage that that America needed to strengthen its defence they will at least attempt to skirt sequestration and, importantly, that other NATO members would law and increase the defence budget as early as in future need to better share the burden of the next year. Republicans hold sway on Capitol Hill overall cost of the defence alliance. In detail, and they have, by nature, been more favourably Trump has said that America needed to strengthen disposed to spending on defence than Democrats. its resolve and, in the process, reverse years of Even so, while Republicans will remain in charge defence cuts that had seen US Army personnel of the Senate for at least the next two years, deals numbers cut by around 120,000 and the number will need to be struck between Congress and the of active ships in the US Navy cut back to 245, a White House if the DoD is to be funded above fi gure which is reportedly the lowest number of current budget caps that, for the time being at active USN ships since 1917. least, remain in force for the years 2018-21. Of course, in relation to ships, the above Sequestration may have slowed US defence argument is to some extent ‘relative’ due to equipment procurement but it certainly hasn’t advanced technology and modern complex brought it to a complete halt. Major new weapons being much more effi cient than those programmes, such as building 12 new ballistic that they replace. The same argument applies to missile submarines together with procurement military aircraft as well. The plain fact is that the US of F-35s, have continued. True, actual planned military just doesn’t need as many soldiers, airmen, numbers of aircraft procurement may have slipped aircraft and ship capability as it did during the Cold but the requirement has not. Other large defence War. So, could Trump's message about spending procurement programmes have also emerged too more on defence and expanding US armed forces such as the Air Force award of contracts for the end up being a hollow one or will he really be the B-21 bomber earlier this year, are just one, (albeit fi rst President since George W Bush to increase that this is also being contested). spending and deliver a programme of expansion in When he submitted the FY17 Defense US defence and security capability? Department Budget Request back in April 2016,

10 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 US Air Force US

Trump has already made waves by slamming the cost of the Air Force One VC- 25 replacement.

Defense Secretary, Ash Carter, told the Senate cost. I share the frustration that, America has on Appropriations Defense Subcommittee that a long this issue and I view it as a wake-up call to the 26 view was needed and that the defence budget non-North American NATO member states that request was looking at what would be required America is no longer prepared to pay for 70% of 10, 20 and 30 years down the road. Carter NATO’s costs. emphasised then that the budget was focused on It is worth recalling here that, in the NATO fi ve threats – Russia, China, Iran, North Korea and Wales Summit of 2014, member states all agreed what he termed as violent extremism. The latter is to ‘work toward spending 2% of GDP on defence’. what Trump will inherit. What they did not do is agree, however, to allow Carter’s FY17 defence budget provided for fi gures that relate to how the 2% of GDP is made a total of $583bn in discretionary and Overseas up to be fudged. NATO rules on this need to be Contingency Operations funding but, as in the seriously revised in my view and without doubt, the previous eight years, it would appear that another need of the majority of members of the Alliance ‘continuing resolution’ on the budget request is to revisit what they really spend on defence and likely and that, if so, Congress will want to take into to raise it overall in response to the worsening of consideration defence spending plans of the Trump political tensions is a no-brainer. Neither should administration before it agrees the plan. Although those that claim that they are already spending 2% potentially damaging from the perspective of delay, of GDP on defence be allowed to include costs this in my view is likely to be positive and it may that have no place in a defence budget. well lead to a larger ‘request’ being submitted to There are caveats to all expectations and Congress and that will be hopefully agreed. hopes though and, with the possibility of further As mentioned, Trump had previously called for shocks emerging in elections in France, Germany 90,000 additional soldiers, 70 more ships for the and Italy over the coming year, it isn’t only pressure navy and for a longer term plan that would take to increase NATO funding that will test member the total number of deployable warships up from states – one may well be the long-term existence a current 272 vessels to 350. He has also called of the EU itself. Brexit negotiations will play a part for an additional 100 USAF aircraft and 13 new in the process as well and how the EU responds to Marine battalions. In doing so he made plain a view the UK will to an extent be a test of future resolve that see budget caps – known as sequesters – on defence as well. cancelled that he said, had “constrained defense Back in the US, how Trump executes a wider spending over the past fi ve years.” In another defence strategy in respect of geo-political remark the President-Elect had said that he concerns will, of necessity, need to play into intended to boost defence funding by $500bn over defence spending plans. The immediate defence NEITHER the next decade and that this would be paid for by focus on Islamic terror will be little different from SHOULD THOSE cutting the civilian workforce across government the Obama strategy but the Trump administration THAT CLAIM and various other ill-defi ned measures. attitude to Iran couldn’t be more opposite. Whether Of course, the reality may well be very or not there is any seriousness in respect of THAT THEY different and my sense is that not until after the attempting to improve relations between the ARE ALREADY inauguration of President Trump will we even US and both Russia and China is at this stage SPENDING begin to get a proper sense of real intentions. unknown. Even so and not withstanding problems over rising And to the ‘special relationship’ between 2% OF GDP federal debt, together with other demands and the Britain and the US – will that be tested under a ON DEFENCE unknown quantity of what happens to the economy Trump presidency? I doubt that it will and, with the BE ALLOWED under Trump, confi dence among the investment Prime Minister heading to Washington DC shortly TO INCLUDE community remains high in relation to defence after the inauguration, I rather suspect that under stocks on both sides of the pond and on the Donald Trump the relationship between both COSTS THAT expectation of more money being spent by the US nations will actually grow as opposed to wither. HAVE NO on defence. One last thing that I consider will tighten under PLACE IN A The other factor behind any future view of Donald Trump is that, with a more protectionist DEFENCE defence is the clear warning that Trump sounded stance emerging, national and international that Europe must pay a larger share of NATO defence consolidation will be discouraged. BUDGET

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 11 Transmission

LETTERS AND ONLINE f Virtual reality fl ight sims: the next frontier?

Eur Ing Bishnujee Singh @c_mperman [On The [On Sully movie(1)] Captain Sun describing a homebuilt Sully real life hero. light propeller aircraft as a ‘jet’] Ignorance of anything Philip Mccague Excellent remotely technical is interview. the norm in the media. I suspect a position @TheSun would just not care about.

Main pic: The AeroFly FS2 sim takes you over the whole of the South western USA. Insert: Oculus Rift Red Bull Air Race helmets. @Munro169 Rubbish @RAF_Simmer headline but still a great @Justin_Br0nk [On VR as Can’t @phil_di_grange We’ve wait to do Cad in VR with achievement by builder. the Holy Grail of PC fl ight been waiting since Falcon sims(3)] It really is! I love my the new Typhoon. Will have 3.0 for a VR headset. i Oculus and the training a bucket on standby! ;-) @sempir This was written benefi ts while having fun by someone who really in, eg DCS, are huge. @DenisStr We are doing Geoffrey Wardle [On new @jjcoop36 Thanks. That knows about aircraft … Visual target ID remains a this at Stow Maries Great Dronecode] Now these is the only drawback I especially WW2 Spitfi re problem. War Aerodrome with a guidelines are in place, let’s see especially if fl ying jets! WW1 sim and #Oculus. hope people will actually something more complex. follow them. With Christmas @Solent_RAeS Great Otherwise seems like it coming there will be a lot would be amazing. @GranulityMonkey [On article from @RAeSTimR @GrantTurnbull_ Now more users in the New Year. idea of air-dropping relief on VR fl ight Sims this is a cool use of VR. aid to Aleppo] What about #WantOne!#avgeek. Senthil Kumar @AscendingNode And a remotely (VR headset) Thiruvengadam [On RAeS those kids will grow up to piloted cargo glider? @VRWorldsWeb Wanna President’s Conference pilot aircraft with mostly AR Release at altitude over @Adski42 That looks fl y? Let #VR take you Technology in Aerospace] cockpits. Turkey, low signature, so incredible! there. Yes, aerospace has been a low risk. front runner in technology @NavyLookout [On @chodpollard Hmm. @davidbentstudio in innovation but I’m inclined UK Ambassador in There’s always the slight [On the 2016 Wilbur & to comment that, in recent @Thomas_embleton Washington hinting possibility that we might Orville Wright Lecture past, aerospace has got Best bet if we do air that CVF will back up not have enough ships and more to catch-up with and awards] A great drops is a large number UK Pacifi c freedom of aircraft to achieve anything automotive in terms of evening. Thanks to all + of transports with very navigation ops] Are we in meaningful! Not that I alternative fuel, hybrid fuel, Congratulations on 150 heavy escort. Very high risk danger of completely over- would want reality to get fl y-by-wire, all electric etc, years @AeroSociety though. reaching ourselves getting in the way of some dearly Furthermore, it’s the same @iain_gray @RAeSTimR involved in the Pacifi c? beloved ‘punching about cylindrical fuselage for the @astro_timpeake C&D. our weight’ rhetoric! past 70-80 years. Where is @ThinkDefence Plus, you the BWB? have 1kg bundles falling @Of_Mice__And_Ben @astro_timpeake [On onto a densely populated @Jazifer Gary Ayris [On Possibly but it will remind [On ‘What will be receiving Hon Fellow city from medium altitude. management predictions(2)] Government of desperate top Trumps in aerospace, award] @AeroSociety Imagine the propaganda (4) Gotta give it to these need for extra £ for such defence and space ] Read @ProfAtkin A huge aerospace guys – most value if one hits a child. global reach – can only be your Trump piece. Good honour and I too look of it is pretty close – but a good thing. luck with tracking that over forward to getting back then again, so was Di Vinci. the next four years. My to @4HamiltonPlace next @TheDashingChap Must be in the aeronautical Don’t policy area is going to be year! blood – but then again, as think I can’t handle losing @gregabgwell Oh goody, hellish busy I fear. a trained aircraft engineer I Winkle Brown and John let’s stretch the MoD a bit would say that, wouldn’t I? Glenn in the same year... more!

12 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 @Defencyclopedia @Rob_Coppinger [On [On suggestion of RAAF Crown Journal New RAeS Netfl ix Netfl a rocket start-up offering integrating PGMs with P-8] hypersonic fl ight by 2019] website The Indian and Russian By 2019? I have some Navy Tu-142 can carry and magic beans I can sell you drop bombs already. Also, too. integrating P-8 with PGM and LACM is an easy task. @AttreeJane [On Making of a Hero(1)] This is one of the @Adrian_Wainer After what greatest ever feats in civil happened with the Nimrod aviation. God Bless Sully MRA 4 there is no way that and that fabulous little Bus. people should have trust in Matt Smith as Prince Philip reads a 1956 copy of the Society’s either the UK Government or The Aeronautical Journal in Episode 6 of Netfl ix’s The Crown. BBC on defence. @pcjonnygould Really @campUP_Maths Here’s @ProfAtkin Scoop: HRH looking forward to this HRH Prince Philip busy The Prince Philip caught being released on DVD. @carey_bill [On the reading The Aeronautical red-handed with a copy of hype vs reality of drone Journal in Episode 6 of The Aeronautical Journal in delivery] If it ever happens, #TheCrown. Episode 6 of The Crown! @StephenEThomas Not widespread drone seen Sully yet but only way package delivery will need the story could be told is low-altitude UTM traffi c via calm realism, anything management system and else may as well be airspace licensing. @simon_rp84 [On @neelammethews [On Con Air/Snakes on a Plane. ‘Tailwinds or turbulence – Antonov offering to supply Brexit and UK aerospace(5)] AF1 to Trump via Twitter] In December the RAeS Canard or foreplane? Disagree re space; UK Ha ha that’ll be the day! @BritishOffi cer [On launched a new revamped heavily involved in many Given his new found love RAeS SDSR Conference] website. Check it out on space activities, including for Russia. Militarised @virgingalactic www.aerosociety.com Copernicus. SS2 to do sub-orbital ISR

Eurofi ghter Eurofi and bombing!? @7exo7 Or his best mate @AeroSociety #SDSRyear1 @ianmac67_SE Impact Vladimir. How about an of leaving EASA will be Ilyushin Air Force One? @rupaharia [On Visions interesting. Will we have Someone needs to @TotherChris Any who of the future(6)] Great read! Associate status? But photoshop an IL-96. thought LAPCAT was Still waiting for a rotorbus. Canards on the front of the industry needs to step up going to be the UK’s next Eurofi ghter Typhoon. to meet the challenge. atmospheric payload @AsiaJetWatch Perhaps delivery system? @JezBrowing Dear @iain_thomson [On Daily @realDonaldTrump can set @NASA and Mail using a BA Landor @Bobski1984 [On Indian up an assembly line for two @AeroSociety request your livery picture to illustrate Navy’s search for a new bespoke A380s in Ohio? @MarkJonesJr Is anyone help with a defi nition. I think current news] You say that carrier fi ghter] Amazing that actively researching using Canard and Foreplane can but is it not about time that Indian military are looking sUAS or microUAS as a be used interchangeably @British_Airways followed now at yet another new @LossComm It won’t be weapon, using the drone to describe any aerofoil, other major airlines type. Surely more Rafales cost of the airframe which itself for kinetic effect after fi xed or variable incidence, and brought out a retro would save support costs? is pushing the bill up – ISR mission is complete? ahead of main wing. scheme? that’s for sure. Colleague thinks Canards are fi xed while foreplanes @SaurabhiJoshi Don’t move Are either of us right? think more Rafales can 1. AEROSPACE, December 2016, p 26, Making of a hero ever be the answer to cost 2. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/management-predictions-from-1966-did-they-get-them-right/ savings?? 3. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/ten-beyond-awesome-vr-fl ight-experiences/ @Aerosociety According 4. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/what-will-be-top-trumps-in-aerospace-defence-and-space/ to our librarians, 5. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/tailwind-or-turbulence-brexit-and-uk-aerospace/ Cambridge Aerospace 6. https://www.aerosociety.com/news/visions-of-the-future/ @mcjwalsh Surely as Dictionary says canard is a they are already buying foreplane (can be fi xed or the Rafale – the maritime retractable). version would make sense. Online Additional features and content are available to view online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight

@aerosociety i Findlinkedin.com/raes us on LinkedIn f facebook.com/raesFind us on Facebook. www.aerosociety.comwww.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 13 AIR TRANSPORT Recruiting female pilots

Redressing the balance Thomson Airlines Thomson

Why do so few women decide to become pilots? BILL READ FRAES reports on a recent RAeS flight crew training conference which looked at this issue and how it could be resolved.

Rachel Barrett, pilot for n 27-28 September, the RAeS held Thomson Airways. The problem – supply its annual International Flight Crew Training conference which, this year, While demand for pilots increases, the supply may Odebated the challenge facing airlines be decreasing. Capt John Illson, FRAeS from SVP of future pilot shortages and how more Certifi cation Services explained that a report from pilots could be trained and recruited. The conference the US Government Accountability Offi ce (GAO) had covered a wide variety of topics relating to pilot identifi ed a decline in interest in a career as a pilot recruitment but one of the key issues discussed was from students as they become interested in other the lack of diversity in the cockpit and how training career opportunities “Only 38% of students enrolled organisations and airlines could attract more women in university aviation programmes now aspire to be to become pilots. airline pilots,” he explained. “The military used to HOW CAN WE account for 70% in 2001 compared to 30% today COMPLAIN The problem – demand while applications to the USAF academy have also ABOUT A PILOT declined by 21%.” SHORTAGE In the future, the demand for pilots will be greater than the supply. Andy Bray, Global Head of Training Expanding the pool WHEN WE’RE at CAE Oxford Aviation Academy, showed a MISSING A prediction that forecast a demand over the next ten Getting new pilots is not an easy task and takes time WHOLE CHUNK years for over 250,000 new pilots – 85,000 for to achieve. “The bean counters think they can turn the Americas, 50,000 pilots for Europe, 30,000 in on a tap to get more pilots,” complained EasyJet’s OF SOCIETY? the Middle East and Africa and 85,000 in the Asia Head of Crew Training, Eddie Sproul. “However, in Pacifi c region. These fi gures included both new reality, you need time to recruit and train them.” Many Capt Graham Stokes, demand and replacements for pilots who had retired. airlines recruit pilots who are already trained. “Our Head of Flight “The future growth of airlines will be limited by a pilots come from other airlines, forces, corporate Operations Training and lack of pilots,” said Capt Dieter Harms FRAeS from operators and commercial training schools,” said Standards, Harms Aviation. “The longer we wait to react, the Capt Graham Stokes, Head of Flight Operations Virgin Atlantic bigger the problem.” Training and Standards at Virgin Atlantic.

14 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 However, as the demand for new pilots increases, just recruiting existing pilots is not going

to be enough and airlines will need to expand the Morrish Nick pool of potential recruits. “The challenge is how many people do we reach out to?” stated Colin Rydon, Director of Flight Operations at Flybe. “Have we explored everyone who wants to be a pilot? We tend to focus on young people coming in very early to the aviation game and I wonder if we don’t miss a trick there. Maybe there’s also a very strong market around people who are around 30 who have had a fi rst career and want to do something different. We’ve got quite a few of these pilots at Flybe and they’re the happiest and most content.” Another potential source of pilots is from elsewhere from within the organisation. “We should look more and more at people from inside our own airlines,” said Capt Stokes. “They’re already working for us. We just need to fi nd them.” Capt British Airways employs around 200 female pilots – around 6% of total crew numbers. Kevin Hiatt, FRAeS, Director of Flight Safety at JetBlue explained how his airline had already done

that: “We’ve had several candidates in JetBlue who CAE have come up from being infl ight crew and indeed technical operators.” However, recruiting new pilots from elsewhere within an airline may not be as easy as it sounds. Another speaker was Stephen Pollard, a former cabin crew member with Aer Lingus now training as a pilot. “There is no natural progression between cabin and cockpit and no advantage in being cabin crew fi rst,” he said. “You have to resign, take a step back and then apply again. Cabin crew have aptitude, ability and motivation but airlines don’t recognise that.” New pilots can also come from outside the aviation industry. The conference heard from Natalie Woods, a First Offi cer for Flybe, who had joined the university air squadron but had worked It is predicted that there will be a need for 250,000 new pilots within the next ten years. fi rst as a nurse. “It was a very tough job,” she said. “But many of the skills were also applicable to fl ying and I decided I wanted to be a pilot. I now fl y Dash 8s from Belfast four times per day.”

A lack of diversity Atlantic Virgin

However, there is one potential pool of pilot recruits that has up to now been neglected – women. Figures from the International Society of Women Airline Pilots claim that around 4,000 out of a total of 130,000 pilots globally are female, equivalent to 3%. Of these, 450 women are captains. Figures from the FAA Airman Database say that women currently account for around 5.44% of commercial airline pilots. “The numbers are very low in Middle East airlines,” added Karen Bath, Head of Customer Experience and Communication at training organisation CTC Aviation, which currently has a 30% female work force and 17% female Figures from Virgin Atlantic showing the relative numbers of male and female pilots.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 15 AIR TRANSPORT Recruiting female pilots

CAE Obstacles to recruitment

So what are the factors which discourage women (and also men) from become pilots? One factor is cost. “It costs £100,000 to train as a pilot and who can afford it?” asked Capt Stokes. “If you can’t self-fund, then you’re stuck.” “There are a lot of aspiring pilots who cannot afford the training,” agreed Colin Rydon, to which Stephen Pollard added: “Costs are a signifi cant burden which can deter some people. Many people have aptitude but can’t afford it.” “There are also a lot of extra costs, such as paying for uniforms or parking spaces,” said Capt Tanya Harter, Human Performance Committee Chairwoman, International Federation of Airline Pilots’ Association (IFALPA). However, the main factor restricting more The cost of training to be a pilot was not considered to be the main factor discouraging women to widespread pilot recruitment is not the fi nance but become pilots but the infl exible working hours associated with the job. the long and unsocial working hours combined with living away from home. “It’s not the cost of training that is the problem,” asserted Julie Westhrope, chair, management. The female pilot percentages British Women Pilots Association. “Pilots often have were higher in the two airlines represented at no choice of the base they will be operating from the conference, with around 7.5% of Flybe pilots and employers can change this base at any time,” being female while 12% of EasyJet’s pilots are said Capt Harter. “Pilots also have no infl uence over women. “How can we complain about a pilot their days off – you only get the roster two days in shortage when we’re missing a whole chunk of advance.” society?” asked Capt Stokes from Virgin Atlantic. Other speakers agreed that infl exible working “The industry is traditionally white, male and middle conditions did make it more diffi cult to recruit and class dominated. Nor are pilots ethnically diverse. retain pilots, particularly when airlines were competing Cabin crew and engineers are more diverse but with other industries which have a better work-life pilots aren’t. Technology has moved on but people balance. “People also like to spend time with their haven’t. If roughly 50% of people in the UK are family,” said Capt Paul Ryder, Resource Coordinator, female, why have we got so few fl ying aeroplanes? ALPA US Airline Pilots Association. “People want a This is not representative of society. We want our career not a job.” “We’ve found that scheduling and fl ight crews in Virgin to be more representative of basing are more important factors than salary that society and of our other divisions.” infl uence why pilots move onto other jobs,” stated Other speakers agreed that something needed Capt Stokes. “Women don’t want to apply as training Ryanair to be done to redress the balance. “We need to captains because airlines want these positions to be widen the demographics and get more people,” full time and they want part time,” said Eddie Sproul of stated Rod Wren, Director of Bristol GS and EasyJet: CEO of Wings Alliance. “We’re looking at a pilot “The airline culture for pilots resembles the shortage and women are a pool of very qualifi ed military in style,” commented David Learmount. “You people to fi ll that need,” assented Capt Illson. “It wear uniforms and the ethos is very ordered and Air New Zealand is down to the airlines to drive change,” said Capt disciplined. The attitude is – if you don’t like the Stokes “We’ve got to recruit differently.” lifestyle then leave.”

Flying for love Discrimination

The speakers all agreed that being a pilot was not Sadly, another reason for the lack of female pilots an easy job. “A pilot’s job has changed and is now is discrimination. “It is a problem that certain areas a more demanding level of work.” Colin Rydon at of society don’t consider women as suitable for

Top: Airlines are being asked Flybe concurred: “We do work pilots harder and pilots,” said Capt Harter. “There was discrimination. to consider cabin crew as expect more from them than we used to.” “It is a People talked to my boyfriend rather than me,” future pilots. tough job – I only get to see my family every six added Natalie Woods. Even in situations where is no Bottom: In October Air New months,” agreed Flybe pilot Natalie Woods. obvious discrimination, some women pilots still feel Zealand celebrated the 80th But despite this, one of the most important conspicuous. “As a female you can’t hide in a group,” anniversary of Jean Batten’s factors infl uencing people who became pilots was said Woods. “When I was trained, I was one out of solo fl ight from England to New Zealand with an all- because they love fl ying. “What motivates me to 24.” “If you are female, you are remembered more,” female fl ight crew fl ying from become a commercial airline pilot?” asked Stephen said Tanya Harter. “Any mistake you make is more London to Auckland. Pollard. “A love of fl ying.” conspicuous.”

1 6 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Solutions

So why is there a gender imbalance on the fl ight deck and what can be done to encourage more young women (and indeed more men) to become pilots? One problem to be overcome is the public perception of pilots and the lack of female pilot role models. “Few pupils think of being a pilot as a career,” said Julie Westhrope. “People need to be more exposed to fl ying.” “A pilot’s job is not as glamorous as it was,” admitted Gerda Pardatscher, Rulemaking Offi cer Flight Crew Licensing, EASA. “We need to reignite a passion for aviation.” To address this problem, recruiters are looking at ways to raise awareness of aviation among young people. “There’s a lot more that airlines can do with schools in terms of reaching out,” said Colin Rydon. One organisation that is leading the way is the British Women Pilots Association (BWPA), a voluntary organisation formed in 1955 which has launched several initiatives to encourage women to become pilots, as well as providing a support network. One of the BWPA’s initiatives is the Aviatrix project which provides female pilots to talk to children in Top: Tanya Harter, Julie be the criteria for such a decision. Should there be schools and raise awareness. “Our aim is to provide Westhrope and Natalie ‘positive discrimination’ in favour of female over male Woods at the RAeS fl ight positive role models,” explained Julie Westhrope. The crew training conference. pilots or should the selection be purely based on BWPA is also partnering with EasyJet in the Amy competency? Above left: The Aerozone at Johnson fl ying initiative which aims to increase the Stansted Airport. “There is still a mindset problem which thinks that percentage of female pilots from 6% to 12%. Even Above right: In September we are lowering our standards by recruiting women airports are getting in on the act – the Aerozone at 26-year old Kate McWilliams pilots or giving them preferential treatment,” said Stansted Airport provides learning experience for became easyJet’s youngest Eddie Sproul of EasyJet. “But we select on ability and children into the jobs of all types of airport workers. commercial pilot. we select the best. What we need to do is to change As far as the problem of fi nancing the cost the culture and get the lifestyle right so that women of training is concerned, there appears to be no want to become pilots.” “We need people with an immediate solution, as airlines are reluctant to pay ability to do this job and a passion to do it,” said when they can recruit already trained pilots or run the Capt Stokes. “It is about competency and not about risk of their trained pilots going elsewhere. However, positive discrimination,” agreed Capt Stokes from this attitude may have to change “Full airline funding Virgin Atlantic. “We want the best – it doesn’t matter is commonplace in the Far East and China (where who they are. But we need to ask – why are women there is the greatest increase in pilot demand) but not not applying? Why are we not retaining them?” in the west,” added Capt Andy Bray, from CAE. “If the “I’ve experienced a lot of negativity,” said Jacquie market dries up then there’s only one way we can go from CTC. “Forget prejudices and support ability. Trainee and that’s sponsorships” said Colin Rydon. “However, s a Women don’t want to be valued because they’re t O x fi nancing is not just an airline problem. We need help fo female or a certain religion but for their expertise. rd A from training schools, universities and associations.” v We urge airlines not to look at people for being i a i t As for the problem of working conditions, it o different but to look at our skills.” There is still much n

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was agreed that airlines may have to change the c to be done to change established views. “We need

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way they work to attract new pilots. “We need to e to change society’s view of women,” said Gerda

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make sure that we can offer more fl exible working ( Pardatscher from EASA. “Nothing would please me

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E conditions for people that make the job interesting,” ) more than to close the BWPA because it wasn’t said Colin Rydon. “We need to fi t work-life balance needed,” said Julia. “How can we increase the pool of to individuals,” added Jacqui Suren, Chief Theoretical candidates?” asked Capt Harter. “We need affordable Knowledge Instructor, Ab Initio (EASA). “Women training, decent working conditions, reasonable shouldn’t have to stop having families because it will pay schemes and more part time/fl exible working affect their careers,” said Natalie Woods. opportunities.” “Flying is a career which needs long term The gender debate support,” concluded Jacqui Suren, Chief Theoretical Knowledge Instructor, Ab Initio (EASA). “More Having stated that airlines needed to recruit more diversity is a strength. We want to encourage more women, there was a lively debate over what should people to apply, so we get more to choose from.”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 17 ROTORCRAFT Virtual engineering The University of Liverpool The

Virtual helicopters

Professor GARETH PADFIELD reports on the recent RAeS Rotorcraft Virtual Engineering Conference which examined the potential of VE to model and simulate rotorcraft at different stages of their life-cycles.

he disparate topics shown in the panel the conference on behalf of the partner Societies,

on the top right of the next page were all Rotorcraft Conference handing over to the Conference Chair, myself, to give

ROTORCRAFT VIRTUAL featured in the Rotorcraft Virtual Engineering ENGINEERING CONFERENCE the Introductory talk. I suggested that the rotorcraft SUPPORTING LIFE-CYCLE ENGINEERING THROUGH DESIGN AND (RVE) Conference held in The University of DEVELOPMENT, TEST AND CERTIFICATION AND OPERATIONS industry needs VE fi rst to ensure decisions made LIVERPOOL, UK 8-10 NOVEMBER 2016 Liverpool’s Foresight Centre, and contained early in the life cycle, at the requirements capture and Ta common language – modelling and simulation in preliminary design phases, are reliably informed. Then support of a rotorcraft’s life-cycle. Virtual engineering later, in design, development and qualifi cation, virtual (VE) was defi ned as the creation and use of virtual prototypes can become centres of attention for critical prototypes to support decision-making throughout the reviews and, ultimately, certifi cation itself. A signifi cant life-cycle, which may be 50+ years for a rotorcraft. challenge is to ensure that model fi delity is good

The conference comprised 24 papers, including Partner Organisations: enough, not only for supporting design decisions but six keynotes, spread over six serial sessions in two also in establishing requirements based on suffi ciently and a half days, with a technical tour of the University’s mature technologies. simulation facilities and three panel discussions. Figure 1 illustrates the general form of the Mike Hirschberg, Executive Director of the cumulative % of life-cycle costs, both expended and American Helicopter Society International, opened committed. 75% of a product’s cost can be committed

18 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 A virtual Airbus Helicopter H135 helicopter, as envisioned in The University of Liverpool’s The ten main themes of the conference £5.3m Virtual Engineering Centre (VEC) at its 1. Certifi cation of a helicopter engine-off landing capability Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus. 2. Evolution of an innovative rotor system from concept to production Designed to use advanced 3D visualisation, 3. Design of a warship to be helicopter-friendly full immersive tracking and real-time user 4. Design of a helicopter empennage to minimise pitch-up interaction through virtual touch, the VE 5. Optimise rotorcraft performance and handling qualities during the concept phase 6. Understand how ground particles drawn up by the rotor downwash damage the facilities were developed in partnership with fuselage advanced visualisation technology specialists 7. Predict the failure characteristics of non-conventional laminates Virtalis, the Northwest Aerospace Alliance, 8. Optimise motion drive laws for training fl ight simulators the Science and Technology Facilities Council 9. Quantify uncertainty during the analysis of alternatives early in the acquisition cycle (Daresbury Laboratory), BAE Systems, Morson 10. Train engineers in advanced modelling and simulation skills using problem-based learning techniques Projects and Airbus. through the decisions made and actions taken in the fi rst 10% of the life-cycle. If we consider the cost to fi x problems in this fi rst 10% as one unit, then the cost to fi x grows by several orders of magnitude as the project advances. There are enough examples of such ‘failures’ across the aerospace industry that the case for investment in VE tools and capabilities is compelling.

Community crossover

The conference delegation quickly became a community, drawing out more and more detail and read-across from one area to another. The keynote presentations by Airbus Helicopters and Leonardo Helicopters were particularly important contributions to the conference, as they provided a glimpse of the status and practice of VE application in the rotorcraft manufacturing industries. There is a constant trade- Figure 1. Committed and expended costs during the life cycle of a product. (Padfi eld, So You Want off between the use of fast and simple (lower fi delity) To Be An Engineer, based on INCOSE’s Systems Engineering Handbook). and slow and complex (higher fi delity) modelling in design and development, particularly for fl ight test support when schedules are challenging. Coupled CFD (computational fl uid dynamics) and fl ight mechanics (FM) codes are commonly used to examine interactional aerodynamic issues. The Airbus Helicopters’ perspective is summarised in Fig. 2, showing a matrix of the different types of prediction methods, with simulation speeds, accuracies and application areas categorised. In the Leonardo keynote, Riccardo Bianco- Mengotti, Head of Flight Mechanics, introduced the triangle of advantages – safety, effectiveness and economy – that VE offers helicopter manufacturers. A success story for the safety advantage was described relating to tail rotor failure, considered in the design of the AW169 helicopter, to ensure recovery was possible and to provide guidance on the recovery technique for pilots. A second example was cited in the companion paper (Bianco-Mengotti, Ragazzi) addressing the ‘AW189 Engine-off Landing Certifi cation by Simulation’. Piloted simulation results were used to enable the design to meet the relevant CS-29 certifi cation requirements. Validation against fl ight data was critically important in both these examples (Fig. 3). Turning to the cost advantage, Bianco-Mengotti Figure 2. Capabilities of different simulation methods – an Airbus Helicopters’ perspective. stated that the use of engineering simulators can (Ries and Schimke, Industrial Prediction of Helicopters in Flight).

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reduce costs to below 10% of those incurred in fl ight the established need, would then follow two major test. The third advantage, effectiveness, was described activities: in terms of the fl exibility offered by simulation, 1. “Use integrated model-based engineering (MBE) compared with real fl ight, in terms of exploration of the and model based systems engineering (MBSE) to design space and ‘what-if’ scenarios. The simulation develop baseline deterministic virtual prototypes can also ‘measure’ parameters not always available in for conducting trade-offs using cost capability fl ight, offering specialists a greater understanding of analysis (CCA) for decision-making at progressive the relationships between causes and effects. milestones of the acquisition process, Session 1 contained four papers from research 2. Transform a deterministic virtual prototyping to a centres on VE in conceptual design, with a recurring stochastic virtual prototyping process to measure theme being the required model fi delity. Jeff Sinsay, the level of modelling uncertainty and risk that Aerospace Engineer, US Army, re-imagined design exists and what confi dence is required at the next in terms of reducing uncertainties in outcomes, major milestone.” categorising fi delity in different levels for different Figure 3. The AW189 with disciplines and emphasising the need for an integrated correlation of fl ight test and Schrage’s presentation focused on how RVE might aid simulation for rate of climb in design environment that enhances creativity, and the mid-speed range showing the acquisition and design processes for the US Army’s presenting a comprehensive picture of the VE tools good model fi delity. Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program, and described how deployed in conceptual design (Fig. 4) categorised in VE can support and strengthen the participation of all three fi delity levels. stakeholders in the system acquisition process.

Conceptual design The future of CFD tools

In his paper on conceptual design, Alex Van der Session 2 mainly addressed how CFD featured as a Velden, (Technology Director, R&D SIMULIA) VE tool. In the keynote presentation, Philippe Beaumier, described an approach where user requirements and (Adjoint au Directeur, ONERA) and co-author Schwarz system attributes are quantifi ed as probability density described the DLR-ONERA vision for the future of functions, with a desired value and uncertainty. He CFD tools. Beaumier stated that: “current state-of-the- argued that “there is a serious question of whether art software solves the Reynolds-Averaged Navier- an analysis of alternatives fairly compares different Stokes (RANS) equations with the adjunction of concepts when different technologies simulated by more or less sophisticated turbulence models and are different analysis models are used”, because of the capable of simulating the aerodynamics of complete low VE fi delity used at the conceptual design stage. helicopters with good accuracy.” This capability Also, activities that occur later in the life-cycle, such as has resulted from close collaboration between the system development, airworthiness qualifi cation and two laboratories, gradually refi ning tools (eg Fig. safety assessment, are often left out here but could be 5). The authors presented their roadmaps for CFD brought in as part of the virtual prototyping. development targeting massive parallel HPC platforms, The application of VE in requirements capture higher order accuracy, increased reliability, improved and conceptual design enables acquisition physical modelling and open architecture software agencies and their research centres to develop for coupling with other disciplines; adding that “one better understandings of, for example, the mission of the challenges is to incorporate the engineering effectiveness benefi ts and risks associated with knowledge of a human into numerical algorithms in stretched requirements and new technologies. In terms of goal functions and constraints.” his keynote paper ‘A Model-Based Engineering Meanwhile, Prof Ieuan Owen, Visiting Professor, Approach for Value-Based Acquisition (VBA)’, Dr University of Liverpool presented highlights from Daniel Schrage, (Professor and Director, VLCOE a decade of research at Liverpool using CFD and &School of Aeronautical Engineering, Georgia Institute piloted simulation to create a virtual helicopter-ship of Technology) emphasised that VBA was about dynamic interface to explore such aspects as fl ight “capturing essential life-cycle engineering elements as control design, pilot workload in the turbulent ship’s a ratio of system effectiveness to life cycle cost.” From airwake and the design of ships to enhance their

Figure 4. Analysis breadth and fi delity. Figure 5. elsA calculation of a tilt-rotor full Figure 6. Assessment of future frigate (Sinsay, Re-imagining Rotorcraft Advanced Design) confi guration. (Beaumier and Schwarz) superstructure aerodynamics. (Owen)

2 0 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 helicopter-friendliness. Fig. 6 illustrates features on the superstructure that give rise to particular problems for the pilot in starboard winds. In this case, the FLIGHTLAB helicopter model was fl own along the approach and landing fl ight path to establish the areas where loadings, both steady and unsteady, would Airbus helicopters become diffi cult for a pilot to overcome. Figure 7. Flight testing trials of an Airbus Helicopters H160 prototype. (Beaumier) Virtual design and certifi cation

Several papers addressed VE in design and certifi cation. Beaumier described a 24-year long joint ONERA/DLR/Airbus programme, supported by numerical tools of varying complexity, to develop a new HE USE OF rotor system, achieving optimisation of aeroacoustic ENGINEERING signature, structural dynamics and fl ight performance. SIMULATORS The fi rst phase of the Blue Edge project examined variations of the rotorblade design using CFD. It CAN REDUCE became apparent that aeroelastic tailoring would COSTS TO be essential for rotor stability and structural integrity. BELOW 10% Phase 4 included a fl ight demonstration of the new OF THOSE rotor on a EC155 demonstrator. The success of the Figure 8. Example of a fi bre angle fi eld resulting from the research and technology demonstration underpinned optimisation within TopSteer. (Van Tooren). INCURRED IN the maturity of the concept and a commitment was FLIGHT TEST. T made to the fi rst prototype of the Airbus H160 Two VE product-oriented papers featured in the helicopter (Fig. 7). conference, giving delegates an opportunity to see Michael Van Tooren, University of South Carolina, advances in commercially available VE tools. Dr Ronald gave his keynote on the theme of VE applied to Du Val, President, Advanced Rotorcraft Technology’s ‘improving the performance of the fully composite presentation (FLIGHTLAB; A Suite of Rotorcraft VE aircraft’, including the certifi cation of non-conventional Tools) appeared in Session 3 and Van der Veldon’s composite structures (eg when fi bre layup angles (Multi-Scale, Multi-Physics Systems Engineering) change, or are steered, within a ply). Gaining insight in Session 6. Du Val also gave a more extensive into mechanisms that control the various interfaces in description of Advanced Rotorcraft Technology’s a composite structure requires modelling the molecular FLIGHTLAB tools during the technical tour and the dynamics to predict the positions of atoms versus time, range of Dassault Systemes/SIMULIA VE tools, derived from the forces exerted on an atom by the supporting the whole life-cycle, was also on display in neighbouring atoms. the conference networking space. The technique of curving fi bre paths allows the The preparatory work of the lead engineers tuning of load paths and strength from point to point in representing the various organisations, and the structure, offering more design freedom than with subsequently as Session Chairs and Panel Discussion isotropic-material-based design concepts. However, Moderators, was critical to the success of the the increased design freedom comes with an increase Conference and these people deserve a special thanks. in complexity of the material characterisation in a design environment. The current CAD/CAE generation A vision for virtual engineering is not yet able to support this amount of freedom. Fibre steering can be used to ‘create constant failure index Conference chair, Gareth Padfi eld, concluded his introductory talk with his vision for structures with simultaneous stiffness and strength VE in the rotorcraft life cycle, saying that VE offers opportunities for discovery and insight, spurs to innovation, and rapid-prototyping of ideas for ‘true’ optimisation. design to match load distribution and material system strength.’ (eg Fig. 8).  Let the Virtual Prototype become the centre of attention for synthesis, analysis Van Tooren states that the adoption of new multi- and decision making throughout the rotorcraft life-cycle scale VE is strongly reinforcing. “Coupling of VE-based  Use common VPs and data throughout rotorcraft life-cycle phases  Undertake VP verifi cation and validation in regulatory-style throughout the life- modelling applied to different length scales will help to cycle understand the effects of changes on a microscopic  Create a VE approach to failure analysis, from the fractured pipe and the broken scale on technology on a macroscale. VE-supported wire to the confused pilot application of the presented technologies on a  Industry and academia, working in partnership, focus on developing engineers with macroscopic scale will help manufacturing engineers advanced VE skills and competencies for dealing with very complex systems  Restore grace, imagination and artistry to the design process to apply the novelties in a controlled manner.” The RAeS Rotorcraft Virtual Engineering conference was held on 8-10 November at the University of Liverpool. For more details of the event and to request copies of the presentations, see: https://www.aerosociety.com/events-calendar/rotorcraft-virtual-engineering-conference/

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Tailwind or turbulence? Brexit and UK aerospace

TIM ROBINSON reports from a landmark RAeS Conference on the effect of the UK leaving the European Union on Britain’s aviation, aerospace and space sectors.

n 27 October, the Royal Aeronautical possible access” to the EU single market for UK Society held a conference entitled companies and industry. However, he added that this ‘The Brexit Question’ to look at the would have to be balanced with a change in free Ofall-out of the UK’s momentous movement rules. decision last summer to leave the Jones also said that the Government was European Union. While some opponents of ‘Leave’ looking to the UK’s aerospace sector to be the campaign believe Brexit can be reversed or stalled, economic and trade spearhead in forging new links the practical debate has now shifted to how to with the rest of the world. This sector, he said, is unpick almost 40 years of regulations – and the “six times” more productive than the rest of the potential effects on UK plc after Article 50 is economy and will be “at the heart” of post-Brexit triggered. opportunities. “Your industry is crucial for building a The conference, was especially signifi cant, not new outward-looking Britain”, commented Jones of only its topicality but also in bringing together a wide the UK aerospace sector. MP, Neil Carmichael speaking range of speakers and viewpoints to address the at the Society’s ‘The Brexit Question’ conference last extremely complex questions raised by Brexit – and Economic impact year. its impact (economic, regulatory, research, education Near right: An easyJet Airbus and skills) across the UK’s varied sub-sectors. The next session of the day saw a high-level look A320. Opening the conference was the Rt Hon David at the economic impact of Brexit on aerospace Far right: Galileo FOC Jones MP, Minister of State for Exiting the EU. He and aviation. Opening this part, Professor Keith payload under test. noted that the EU Referendum was “arguably the Hayward gave an overview of the ‘known unknowns’ most signifi cant political event of our lifetimes.” The for the UK and aviation. Dividing the issues into Government’s goal, he said, was “to secure best three he assessed ‘low risk’ as the UK’s continued

22 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 membership of ESA, EASA and SES among others. Turbulence for airlines High risk, in Hayward’s view, especially in the event of a ‘hard Brexit’ were the UK’s participation Giving a presentation on the air transport industry in EU-funded civil R&D and exclusion from EU outlook, aviation analyst Chris Tarry, CTAIRA had a military aviation initiatives. However, the biggest bleak outlook for airlines due to the uncertainties set of ‘unknowns’ lay in the medium risk category. of Brexit. There is, he said, already “insuffi cient THIS SECTOR, These included the ability to infl uence future EU demand” for airlines, “despite rising aircraft (AEROSPACE) aerospace/aviation policy, access to precision production” making for a “diffi cult environment” Galileo satellite navigation signals, participation in for British carriers. The direct effect of Brexit with ... IS ‘SIX the ATM SESAR initiative, along with involvement GDP growth slowing would also curtail discretionary TIMES’ MORE in military R&D programmes and aviation market spending by UK consumers – on which airlines PRODUCTIVE access. depend. In particular, he noted that a boost in THAN THE Meanwhile, Jeegar Kakkad, Chief Economist, inbound traffi c of foreign tourists attracted by a low ADS Group, gave his thoughts on the key pound, would not balance out a drop in outbound REST OF THE challenges. Kakkad was bullish on the effect of UK holidaymakers due to slow GDP growth hurting ECONOMY AND Brexit on the UK’s defence budget, saying it was discretionary spending. It would, be a tough time for WILL BE ‘AT secure even if there was a government spending airlines in the short term. THE HEART’ OF squeeze. As well as the strategic context, Kakkad As well as slowing demand for air travel from said, Whitehall would use defence spending as a consumers, in the medium term airlines would POST-BREXIT signal of its commitment to NATO. have to adjust to the ‘new environment’ and face OPPORTUNITIES. While defence was secure, Kakkad revealed that the challenge of potential regulatory change and YOUR INDUSTRY the UK needed to be prepared for a “40% increase” its impacts on market access. Those consumers in civil aircraft production by the end of the decade with money, however, said Tarry, can expect to fi nd IS CRUCIAL – as manufacturers continue to ramp-up rates. bargains as airlines reduced fares to fi ll seats. FOR BUILDING Beyond this, he said, the UK needed to invest now A NEW “not wait until 2019” (the expected exit deadline) in The importance of positivity OUTWARD- aerospace and aviation technology, such as R&D in future wings, next-generation airliners and the AGP Alan Walker, Head of Policy at The Royal Academy LOOKING (Aerospace Growth Partnership) to “Brexit-proof” of Engineering (RAEng), explained that, while Brexit BRITAIN the economy. had produced uncertainty, it was important to be Dr Simon Weeks, Chief Technology Offi cer positive too – which requires communication. Walker at the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) also welcomed the Government’s proposed Industrial echoed Kakkad’s comments on the importance Strategy – announced as a priority earlier in the of R&D to the post-Brexit UK aerospace sector. summer. “Most opportunity for positivity, we think, is With the ATI overseeing a £13.9bn aerospace from the Industrial Strategy” he said. He also called R&D spend out to 2026, he said: “You can’t for the aerospace sector to make its voice known; undervalue collaboration” in international R&T “We need a proactive response from the aerospace projects. He added: “the UK ranks higher than any sector”. However, Walker warned that, on the UK’s other EU country in co-ordinating projects” with engineering and STEM skllls gap, it was “hard to one of the highest levels of activity in European- see how it [Brexit] would not have an initial negative level aerospace and aviation R&D. Despite the effect”. The key questions, he said, for the aerospace uncertainty, stressed Weeks,, “The ATI will continue sector are “What can’t we replace when we leave Rt Hon David Jones to facilitate collaboration and funding opportunities the EU?” and “What needs to be in place on Day 1 Minister of State for between EU and UK partners. of Brexit?” Exiting the EU easyJet SSTL

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 23 AEROSPACE Brexit implications ESA UAV operators in the UK and 2,500+ in Europe as a whole. He argued that, freed from EU rules and regulations, the UK RPAS industry would have more freedom to innovate and develop new service models. In particular, he pointed out that the UK and the rest of Europe diverge on many issues such as privacy and human rights – which have implications on the use and exploitation of civil UAVs. Sweden, for example, has banned all cameras on consumer drones unless a special license is acquired. Freeing the UK from any Brussels-inspired overbearing regulation of this fast-moving dynamic sector, could Escape velocity for UK space? mean that British UAV service providers (especially in EASA’s ‘specifi c’ category for UAVs in ‘middle Giving an overview of the impact of Brexit on the ground’ that lies between full-up certifi ed airframes UK’s fast-growing space sector was Pat Norris, CGI and low-end consumer toys) may fl ourish without too and former RAeS Space Group Chairman. He stated much hardship. that the UK space sector now employs 30,000

people and has enjoyed 8-10% growth per year. BAE Systems Norris observed that, while the European Space Agency (ESA) was not an EU body, the decision to withdraw could have commercial and scientifi c repercussions. Specifi cally, the only infrastructure that the EU actually owns is space-related. It currently operates 15 satellites and this will double in the next 5-6 years. “The EU is a big customer” for UK space, said Norris, and “that business is at risk as the consequences of Brexit.” This might mean that, in the future, UK companies may fi nd it more diffi cult to win further work on two of its biggest satellite projects (Galileo – navigation and Copernicus – Earth Observation). Anecdotal evidence suggests that foreign competitors are already hinting that UK cannot be STEM and skills fears trusted in bidding for work on long-term programmes. The UK has invested over €800m in Galileo and “Whatever else, Brexit is a wake-up call to our received about an equal amount of contracts. There education system” said Neil Carmichael MP for are therefore fears that some 3,000 jobs in the UK Stroud and Chairman of the House of Commons could be at risk if the UK is cut out of this work. Education Committee. Giving a presentation focused on skills and education, he warned that, despite

Sky Futures its high-fl ying aerospace sector, UK industrial productivity is “28% behind Germany and 19% behind France.” The failings of the UK educational system, he said, “had been recognised 40-50 years ago” – hence why the UK aerospace sector imports foreign engineers and skilled workers. For example, he noted that the UK was the only European country that doesn’t insist on maths or language in its post- 16 education. What, then, does this mean for the UK aerospace’s demand for skilled workers, if post- Brexit the freedom of movement is curtailed, restricted or simply perceived to be more diffi cult? Can the UK UAV sector fl y free? “We’ve already seen a 9% drop in EU students Top: UK astronaut, Tim Peake, applying to UK universities this year,” he said – a within the International If Brexit is a challenge for the UK airline and space Space Station comment echoed by RAeS Past-President Jenny sector, freeing Britain’s UAV sector could lead to a Middle: An apprentice at BAE Body, who observed that the Society’s own careers world of opportunity, noted Dewar Donnithorne-Tait, Systems new skills academy. service had “already noticed a lot of anxiety from Director, Veitch Moir. The UAV (or RPAS) sector is an Bottom: Sky Futures young people in the previous couple of months,” over “innovation paradise”, he said, with 600+ commercial operating from an oil rig. Brexit affecting their career options.

24 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 as tothecompany’s withdrawal chief concerns about opportunities, Kahn wasconsistentinhismessage becomes anopportunity.” against leavebutnow:“weneed to ensurethatBrexit an upbeatpresentation.Airbus,he said,hadbeen Kahnof thedangersBrexit, gave attheRAeS the referendum, thepan-Europeangianthadwarned WhileKahn, President intherun-upto ofAirbusUK. Finally, theendofdaysaw akeynotefromPaul ‘Brexit Government. European Skyandairspacemodernisation)from was reliantonpolicydirection(forexample Single the body’s preferred views,hestressedthat theCAA and airportslotallocation.However, whilethesewere regulation forexample, foreignownershipofairlines torevampaviation could beopportunitiesfortheUK today –alongwithpassengerrights.”There also to see“traffi EASA asitistoday.” Post-Brexit theCAA wouldlike toremainasclose “There isastrongcaseforUK CAA, Policythe UK DirectorTim Johnson,whostated: participation inEASA wouldbecompletelybonkers.” said Phippardis“anythingotherthancontinued[UK] to recreateEASA ruleswiththeCAA. “Myownview” decided a lotoflaw-making”–especiallyiftheUK regulationmayinvolve – asa“GreatRepealBillofEU bonfi agreement?Hewarnedthatthoseexpecting a II agreement. Will thisreverttothepreviousBermuda OpenSkies also anunknownoutoftheEU-US decades. Transatlantic traffi Europe’s low-costairlinegrowthoverthepasttwo key concerngiventhathowliberalisationhaspowered internal markettraffi airlines.What,Brexit forexample, onUK happensto Bird, outlinedthepotentiallegalconsequencesof leave EASA andrepatriateexpertise back toEASA?” created byBrits.””OnBrexit, he asked,“willtheUK steppingawayfromaframeworkthathasbeen UK providing expertise forEASA, “There isanironyin observed thatgiventheCAA’s roleinsettingupand membership.”Kavanagh wryly as afunctionofEU lawbutareapplicable directly incorporatedintoUK regulations? Heexplained that EASA rulesare“not the lawbeondayofBrexit” regardingairsafety succinctly askedwhatmanywerethinking:“What will standards andregulations. the conference includedahefty sessiononaviation that needtobeexamined, itwas nosurprisethat regulations involvingthetravelandaviationindustry With reportedlyover100laws,directivesand Untangling theredtape However, whilehewaspositive about This viewwasechoed byarepresentativefrom Meanwhile, SimonPhippard,ofCounsel,Bird& Giles Kavanagh, Partner, HolmanFenwick Willan, @aerosociety re ofredtapeafterBrexit couldbedisappointed – c rights, at a minimum, that are equivalent c rights,ataminimum,thatareequivalent anopportunity’saysAirbus

i Finduson LinkedInFind usonFacebook.com www.aerosociety.com c rights for UK airlines?This isa c rightsforUK c agreements, too, are c agreements,too,are f production atBroughton. wingsin A350XWB Airbus making Brexit into arealopportunity. uncharted territory ahead,thefocusmustnow turnto aerospacesectoralreadyfaces. Despitethe UK and exacerbated existing challenges thatthe have causedtheseissues,butto haveamplifi the needforlong-termR&Dmight besaidnotto it isairlinefundamentals,engineering skillsgap,or world. The effect ofBrexit inmanycases-whether aerospace sectorthatisstillnumbertwointhe hasafi ahead, theUKl In short,whilethereremainsignifi Summary of opportunityforBritishindustry.” to match, Itrulybelievethiscanbeanexciting time if Brexit ismanagedcorrectlywithanindustrialpolicy fresh heights.” to spreadthebenefi tobe“bescaledup also calledforthe‘brilliant’AGP to providethissortoflong-termR&Dinvestment”He Government supportwecannotrelyonthemarket investment which “rapidlyrunsintobillions”. “Without measured “indecades”andwhich requiredhugeR&T aerospace wasanindustrywhereproductcycleswere tape.” Onsupporttothesector, Kahn notedthat around oursiteswithanabsoluteminimumofred- from Brexit istheabilitytofreely moveourpeople point forAirbus,saidKahn, was: “whatweneed assessing currentandfuturecontracts.”The fi that Britishcompaniesareevaluatedfairlywhen sector. Kahn said:“We mustnowworktoensure have signifi spacesectoropportunities:“Brexit could of UK no senseatall.” with theother. To addathirdnewprocesswouldmake from oneagencygivesaclearpathtocertifi and EASA certifi of worktogetwherewehaveaconcurrentFAA EASA: “As anindustrywehavedonehugeamounts “Tariffs wouldsimplybeanightmare.” ItisagainsttariffswithKhansaying: from theEU. Concluding, Kahn said:“There isuncertaintybut, He also said that he would like some guarantee He alsosaidthathewouldlikesomeguarantee Kahn alsostressedtheneedto remainpartof cant implications for the UK space space cant implicationsfortheUK cation process.Currentlycertifi ts further and lift our industry to ts furtherandliftourindustryto rm foundation in a strong rm foundationinastrong cant challenges JANUARY 2017 cation cation ed ed nal nal cation cation 25 AEROSPACE UK civil aerospace R&D Raising the UK’s aerospace ambitions Rolls-Royce Airbus AMRC AEROSPACE talks to GARY ELLIOTT, Chief Executive of the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) on R&T funding and its goal to keep the UK at the leading edge of aerospace research and technology.

n independent collaboration between vote for the UK to leave the European Union and the UK Government and industry, the ever increasing competition from other countries, Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) is this important industrial sector at risk of losing was created in 2013 with the aim of its competitive edge? AEROSPACE talked to Gary both maintaining and expanding the UK’s Elliott, ATI’s Chief Executive, about the work that ATI Aaerospace design and manufacturing capability. Under is doing to encourage innovation and investment the ATI R&T programme, the Government provides in the UK to maintain and grow the country’s grant funding for research projects up to 50% of competitive position. the total project value and for capital investment projects up to 100% of the total investment value. The Technology strategy programme is jointly managed by the ATI, Innovate UK and the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial A principal focus for the ATI since it was created has Strategy (BEIS). been the preparation of a UK aerospace technology Through the ATI, the Government has already strategy which looks at three different timelines: fi ve invested £1.3bn of funding for164 new projects, years, 10 years and 15 years plus. “We look at the involving 196 different companies and organisations portfolio with a fi nancial set of eyes and try to ensure including more than 100 small and medium sized that it’s spread out evenly over the different terms,” IT’S NOT enterprises (SMEs). At the 2016 Farnborough Air explained Elliott. “We then invite the sector to come JUST ABOUT Show in July it was announced that UK Government and get 50% of the funding they might need to invest and industry had committed to providing £365m of in technologies that are relevant to that strategy.” JOBS BUT funding for new aerospace technologies, targeting ALSO ABOUT different aspects of aircraft manufacturing and Requesting funding ECONOMIC performance. Currently the UK has the world’s second largest How do companies obtain ATI funding? “The way SPILLOVER aerospace sector with an annual turnover of over we work is that a company comes along with its fi rst EFFECTS £31bn. However, with the recent Brexit referendum version of a proposal, we call it a light touch proposal,

26 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Left: Rolls-Royce power gearbox. BEIS Centre: A350 wings manufactured at Airbus UK. Right: A robotic countersinking cell for producing machine holes in composite aircraft components for BAE Systems designed by AMRC. consisting of one or two pages with an idea and asking what we think of it,” says Elliott. “We’ll review that and then, if it’s successful, it goes into what we call Strategic Review Committee Two which is a much more thorough set of documentation. Currently, around 60% of applications have been successful. As we’ve got better known, the pipeline has grown substantially, if we’re really smart and, therefore, I would so the success rate is not always driven by the see it as a sign of success if we were doing standard of the proposal but is dependent on the more positional stuff and trying to leverage that availability of funding at that moment. We could spend capability across different areas where people double what we already have if it was available.” wouldn’t necessarily have worked as closely in the past. You know, structures with the systems All shapes and sizes experts, etc. As aircraft become more modular and integrated, then the challenge for us is - how do we ATI has provided assistance to all sizes of bring those different groups together in a room to companies, both big and small, over a wide breadth talk about common solutions where they wouldn’t of projects. “We look at different technologies, new necessarily have done that in the past?” architectures, tools and methods, covering both individual projects and collaborative arrangements Measure of success with different companies,” explains Elliott. “For example, we’re working with Rolls-Royce on the In November Elliott is confi dent that ATI has already made a next generation of ultra high bypass engines, as ATI and Fathom Consulting difference. “Since our inception we’ve helped about published a new report well as looking at structures, helicopter blades highlighting the benefi ts 160 projects, including a number of new entrants,” he with Airbus Helicopters, Thales on consolidating of innovation in the says. “To begin with, some of the larger and medium- communications and connectivity technology and UK’s industrial strategy, sized companies were slightly afraid of or unaware Airbus on its next generation of wings. highlighting four key areas: of the process, whereas now, with the ATI, they’re ATI also works very closely with the Government. investment in R&D, boosting becoming more ambitious and are coming forward competitiveness support for “They ask us for opinions and we give them in mid-sized companies and with quite ambitious projects and ideas for the UK. relation to aerospace” says Elliott. “Our message to enhancing infrastructure, Indeed we’ve seen some companies which were the Government is to keep being supportive of what clusters and skills. Two contemplating moving or offshoring some of their we’re doing.” tables from the report capability are now saying that they would like to keep for the UK’s internal and external productivity are it onshore because of the opportunities around ATI.” Speed dating for aerospace R&D shown below. “Our ultimate measure of success is our economic impact. It’s not just about jobs but also As well as helping companies fi nancially, ATI has about economic spillover effects. We’ve got a also been instrumental in getting companies to help team here who are focused on market impact each other by working together. “We put teams of and economics and who look at the investments companies together, trying to push them to work in projects and track our performance. That’s a with other companies that they may not have done challenge, because often these projects may be 10 in the past,” Elliott explains. “For example, we did or 15 years away from actually being on an aircraft.” a lot of work around software certifi cation, coding, design, and certifi cation and created a project Post Brexit opportunities around that. When companies become part of a collaborative project, their association drives the Following the Brexit vote, there has been concern capability of the UK to be stronger. It’s a bit like that UK aerospace is going to be shut out of matchmaking – if we put X and Y together and oh, EU-funded projects. “Academia has had a lot of next year they’re getting married!” funding in the past from the EU, so we’re trying to understand the implications of having a hard exit Thinking smarter from that,” comments Elliott. “However, there are new opportunities for UK aerospace innovation When asked where else there might be out of Brexit. There a couple of US aerospace opportunities for the UK to maximise its R&D companies who are now interested in doing work spend, Elliott’s response was: “I think there are as an ATI project. They’re not signed and sealed but things that we could do to outperform the market there’s defi nitely some conversations going on.”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 27 SPACE Private enterprise

Where no commerce has gone before The challenge of NewSpace

Professor KEITH HAYWARD FRAeS looks at how low cost start-up companies are revolutionising the utilisation of space.

here is a lunar experiment still working long after the last Apollo mission returned to Earth – a simple set of T mirrors that refl ect a laser emission from Earth designed to study the dynamics of the Earth-Moon relationship. The scientist who conceived this simple idea designed and built a prototype for $5,000 including labour. NASA, however, demanded that it contracted for the fi nal product at a cost of $3m – a classic example of gold plating by a government customer that brought you the $300 spanner! To Freeman Dyson, writing in the October 2016 edition of the New York Review of Books, this is a fi ne example of ‘Big Space’ – the heavily bureaucratic, large-scale space mission that still dominates not only the US but also other institutional space programmes.

Size might not matter in NewSpace

The advent of ‘Little Space’ or ‘NewSpace’, on the other hand, is characterised by small start- up companies using off-the-shelf components and other low-cost procedures rapidly to design, build and orbit small satellites and devices – an

28 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 NASA

A set of NanoRacks CubeSats are deployed from the International Space Station in February 2014. approach heavily infl uenced by the information and communications technology (ICT) industry, with its two to three year product cycle and intense competitive environment driving innovation. Indeed, many of the NewSpace entrepreneurs made their money in ICT applications, or inhabit the world of small-scale university spin-offs. A common feature of their business model is the exploitation of innovation on the interface of hardware and service applications. The emphasis is on using where possible off-the-shelf components, taking advantage of the falling cost and rising capability of smartphone technology, perhaps with customised critical elements built in-house. There Laser ranging retro refl ector deployed on the Moon by the Apollo 14 astronauts. is also a clear commitment to ‘open source’ ideas and concepts to develop a unique end-product, or at least something that offers a distinct competitive The potential expansion of than a fi ve-tonne geostationary communications edge. In this world, unusually for the space industry, NewSpace is being enabled satellite. It is no coincidence that NewSpace has by lower cost access to space volume also counts, sometimes as a way of insuring and the development of emerged alongside the disruptive force of SpaceX against launch failures. reusable space hardware, such and the other cheap launchers under development. Corporate failure is not unexpected but, viewed as a as SpaceX’s Falcon 7 rocket NewSpace applications depend on low cost, regular valuable learning process, and with lower up-front cash which can land again after and adaptable launchers, with shorter lead times requirements, a rapid return to the fray is possible. launch. for a slot. Although conventional launchers could, The US has seen a whole bunch of Small Space and will, deliver some aspects of NewSpace’s entrepreneurs, such as Planet Labs’ Dove satellites requirements, the full transformation will depend on and other space entrepreneurs. The UK is also proving the reliability and effectiveness of the new represented by Surrey Satellites (even if SSTL is rockets and ‘space planes’, such as Virgin Galactic. now an Airbus subsidiary, the parent wants to retain In reality, the new launcher enterprises, SpaceX the innovative, small company approach pioneered and Blue Origin lie mid-way between Big and Small by SSTL). Although the US still dominates the Space. Their approach to design and construction arena, many others are seeking to climb aboard the is energetically Small Space, eschewing the NewSpace bandwagon. complex and bureaucratic procurement of NASA and the US Department of Defense (DoD) (or the And further out European Space Agency (ESA) for that matter). However, these bold new players are also keen On the extreme edge of NewSpace to take the taxpayers’ dollars through the DoD entrepreneurialism, Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos and NASA contracted (and protected) business have ambitions to launch manned fl ights to Mars and to team with Big Space companies to build and establish colonies. Indeed, reaching out to a new generation of rocket engines. SpaceX is the planets appears to be their primary motive for also becoming an established presence in the engaging in space at all. There are also a number government and commercial satellite launch of imaginative ‘commercial’ applications that belong business, challenging ULA and Arianespace for a on the fringe of NewSpace, such as space mining share of the Big Space market. and direct solar energy generation. There may be just a hint of science fi ction here – especially where Smallsats at the heart of NewSpace advocates begin to conceive of ‘eco missions’, creating a space-based biosphere to save planetary The centrepiece of NewSpace is the small satellite, fl ora (shades of the classic movie Silent Running). in many cases launched as a low-Earth orbit (LEO) Nevertheless, if the cost of accessing space constellation. Typically, they weigh in at about 5kg or does fall radically, many more options will open up less. The smallest are around 10cm × 11.5cm and, for NewSpace-based applications, although most packaged together, can be launched as a subsidiary will have a strictly terrestrial application in mind. payload. By early 2013, some 200 ‘cubesats’ had already been fl own. With a ‘shelf life’ of less than a Low-cost access a crucial year, they are designed to be expendable factor and replaceable. LEO positioning also reduces the time NewSpace lag in transmitting applications tend broadband data and to require different a constellation launch systems other formation allows

SpaceX @aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 29 SPACE Private enterprise

increased coverage. Set against these advantages is 15, this grew to $2-3bn, half of which coming from the need for continual replenishment (offset again by Californian investors. Still only a small fraction of total low cost, readily available launch systems) and space world space funding, but vital to NewSpace companies. debris issues. These satellites have the potential for diverse Europe looks to commercialise space commercial applications, particularly in Earth observation, broadband connectively and as a The challenge for governments is setting the right platform for the ‘Internet of things’, a development of balance between the freewheeling mentality of the Internet in which everyday objects have network the NewSpace entrepreneurs and the large-scale connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data. programmes they usually fi nance. UK space, with Cheap Earth observation using constellations is also access to the City and hedge funds that have some a growing commercial offering. Planet and Google appetite for speculative investment, would seem to be Terra Bella are orbiting, or have plans to orbit well placed to benefi t from the new approach to space. constellations offering images at less than 0.5m This is certainly one of the key assumptions behind resolution. Non-visual data is next up; HawkEye the networking brief of the Satellite Applications 360 plans to offer means of monitoring various Catapult established in 2013 as a non-profi t making types of radio frequency sources, selling information organisation to foster growth in the economy to cellular and satellite networks. Crucially, these through the exploitation of space. It brings together companies regard themselves an information multidisciplinary teams to generate new ideas and service delivery operation, not as satellite operators concepts. It does not fund programmes but links per se. space start-ups with the UK’s business angels, venture capital community and banks. It may also NewSpace – new money help that the UK has historically chosen to focus on the more commercial aspects of space, with private [NEWSPACE] ... A key feature of the NewSpace business model is funding already well established in the UK-located the role of private funding, with investors prepared satellite operating community. In November the UK IS GROWING to take the risk of a space start-up – so long as Government announced that the fi rst venture capital COMPLEMENT there is promise of a high return. This depends upon fund dedicated to commercialising space – Seraphim TO an established set of players accustomed to high- – won its backing with a £50m investment pledge risk investment, and better still if closely located from the British business bank. INSTITUTION- to the space entrepreneurs. However, the space France and Germany, as leading European ALLY FUNDED entrepreneur community will also take advantage of proponents of Big Space and key players in the SPACE AND IS public funding, R&D grants, and tax reliefs if offered. Ariane programme, have begun directly to feel the A POTENTIAL A favourable legal framework, such as the US, which hot breath of SpaceX competition. However, both rapidly accepted commercialisation of satellite are looking at the wider phenomenon of NewSpace. SOURCE OF communication and Earth observation, and has In Germany, the prospects of NewSpace are the INNOVATION recently authorised the commercial extraction of raw subject of a report commissioned by the German FOR THE materials in space, is also helpful. Less draconian Ministry of Economy and Energy published last year LARGER SPACE bankruptcy rules is a further stimulus to risk taking. from Space-tech, a German consultancy. The report, In the fi rst few years of this century, private venture NewSpace: Business Models at the Interface of COMPANIES investment in space totalled just $186m. In 2011- the Space Industry and Digital Economy, follows a

One of many start-up space companies assisted by Starburst Accelerator is Deep Space Industries (DSI) which plans to mine minerals from asteroids or even, as illustrated, to build its own space habitats. Bryan Versteeg/Deep Space Industries

30 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 SSTL

2010 German space policy statement establishing priorities for future investment, which recognised even then the potential importance of NewSpace, the growth of privately funded space initiatives, primarily in the US. The report is intended to shape future German approaches to space, and will form the basis for an action plan for German space. Space-tech singled out the lack of an entrepreneurial approach to space in Germany (and in Europe generally perhaps). But this will In November the Vice Premier of China, Ma Kai, visited SSTL as part of a tour to explore closer be essential if the German space industry is strategic and economic partnerships with the UK. successfully to attack the NewSpace markets. This will require a ‘dialogue with the entrepreneurs in the IT and Internet industry’. Above all, it will need a commercial satellite operators are also risk averse, new and more dynamic approach to funding space preferring the reassurance of the proven large activities: German banks view space generally as (and costly) platform that stands a high chance of fraught with risk and too exotic for their taste. reaching orbit and working for a decade or more. Similarly the French space agency CNES is There is also a risk that private funding might be aware of the challenges posed by NewSpace brittle, less able to cope with too much technological and the need to adapt accordingly – it certainly and commercial uncertainty, which could prove believes that the French space industry can evolve fi ckle in the face of too many failures. Even one of and accommodate the new business environment. the biggest players in the NewSpace arena, Elon There are signs that some French entrepreneurs are Musk, is facing some questions about the fi nancial willing to take the plunge; the Starburst Accelerator structure that underpins his three linked innovative was established in France in 2012 to bolster companies, SpaceX, Tesla and SolarCity. They have innovation in the aerospace sector and now has a high valuation, growing revenues, but some debt offi ces worldwide. Its primary function is to make and little hard cash in reserve. Musk also has a introductions between NewSpace companies and widespread ‘fan club’ in Wall Street and beyond who fi nanciers. Signifi cantly, larger companies, such are confi dent that revenues are set to soar across as Boeing Networks and Space Systems, are the gamut of his companies. increasingly involved in Starburst Accelerator’s However, The Economist has considered the activities, looking for new ideas and concepts. possibility that fi nancial stress could yet undermine Airbus and Thales are making similar moves in this Musk’s personal control over his ventures; and direction in Europe and, in the US, in some cases any reduction in the current high stock valuation offering seedcorn funding. might tempt Lockheed Martin or another defence/ The latest version of the European Union aerospace contractor into a take-over bid. As Space Strategy, published last October, also The Economist concluded: ‘Mr Musk’s most recognised the need to ‘stay ahead of fast- eextraordinaryxt creation may not be cars or a moving disruptive innovation, the emergence spspacecraft, but a business structure that works of new business models and growing global onlyon if risky companies perform perfectly on competition’. It promises to gear funding ‘more ambitiousam plans. Mr Musk is like an astronaut strongly’ towards space entrepreneurs starting orbitingor the earth with no easy way down’. and scaling up across the Single Market. This will include the promotion of more private investment CommercialC space is here to stay and support for industrial space hubs and clusters in European regions. TheseT qualifi cations aside, as in the ICT iindustry, individual NewSpace start-ups will The limits of private funding rise and fall with the rapidity of the proverbial shooting star. However, some will stick and Institutional space still carries the bulk of funding prosper. As a vibrant part generally of the for the space industry and there seems to be little spaspace industry, it will not go away. It is a growing scope for NewSpace in Russia and China. There is complement to institutionally funded space and is a still an irreplaceable role for Big Space; no one else potential source of innovation for the larger space yet could absorb the cost and risk of running a long- companies. Governments neglect its potential at term deep space scientifi c mission, building and their peril – not just because of the risk of losing paying for the standard GSO telecommunications out economically but also for neglecting the security satellite, let alone sustaining a manned space value of responsive and fl exible space-based assets extravaganza. This is still the province of ‘Political to supplement the more sophisticated platforms. For Space’, with missions to demonstrate national some states this will be a cheap means of creating prestige or to defend national security. Conventional a capability hitherto denied by cost and complexity.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 31 PLANE SPEAKING Sir Michael Arthur Plane speaking with Sir Michael Arthur Boeing Boeing

AEROSPACE talks to SIR MICHAEL ARTHUR, President of Boeing Europe about the company’s centennial, recruitment strategies and plans for the UK in the future.

AEROSPACE: You are now President of Boeing MA: Dennis and his leadership team are having a Europe. What responsibilities and challenges does big impact. They have set global ambitions for us that bring and why did Boeing choose the UK to be at the start of our second century. They have set a the centre of its European HQ? very fast pace from the top of the company. There is a contagious enthusiasm and excitement about MA: I continue to head Boeing in the UK and our future which I fi nd exciting and motivating. Ireland from London, while now also leading the Overall, the direction of the company remains the company’s European strategy and operations. same, our commitment to innovation and harnessing The objective is to streamline our corporate the unrivalled capabilities of our people to meet presence and drive business growth across the the needs of our customers worldwide, while the WE ARE region. The new structure brings Boeing corporate change has come in some of the methods. There’s BUILDING leaders across Europe into a unifi ed team and an enhanced push to streamline operations to OUR OWN integrates the company’s strategy development remain competitive, to work seamlessly across the and government affairs initiatives at a regional many varied parts of the business and around the CAPABILITIES level. Ultimately this will sharpen Boeing’s strategic world, as well as build on our strengths to meet the HERE IN THE focus on a critical region, make our operations more needs of our customers. UK AND AT effi cient and emphasise localised decision-making on a pan-European basis. To be clear, this is not our AEROSPACE: Boeing had an extremely THE SAME European HQ. There is no European Boeing HQ successful Farnborough on the defence side, with TIME WE ARE anywhere. We operate across Europe with various commitments for P-8A Poseidon and AH-64E SUPPORTING leaders and corporate functions positioned in the agreed. How will these programmes now move THE ADDITIONAL most appropriate place to support our customers, forward? What opportunities do you see with the both external and internal £100m P-8 training base, and will the AH-64Es GROWTH OF be manufactured or rebuilt in the UK or in Mesa, OUR SUPPLIERS AEROSPACE: Since Dennis Muilenburg took over Arizona? IN THIS as CEO last year, what changes have you see in COUNTRY TOO leadership style and Boeing’s top level strategy? MA: These are government-to-government What is his focus? agreements, so we are supporting both the US

32 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Boeing

Left: Sir Michael Arthur.

Right: British Airways’ 787-9 on the Boeing production line in Seattle.

and the UK, ensuring deliveries take place when our customers require and working with the UK to determine how to support the programmes fully here in this country. It is worth restating that the purchase of the equipment is only a minority of the overall value of the life of the programme. As we have shown with the Chinook for the RAF, we deliver services and support for the UK’s Armed Forces here and on the frontline, partnering with our customer and the UK supply chain to deliver high-value jobs here in this country, as well as the best possible value and capability for the MoD. Over the last fi ve year period of the Chinook contract we delivered increased availability and the Government At the Farnborough Air AEROSPACE: The company also strengthened told us we saved £150m over the same time. We Show in July, the UK placed its ties with the UK with a pledge to double jobs want to continue in that vein. an order for 50 Boeing and offer more opportunities for UK suppliers on AH-64E Apache attack Boeing programmes. Can you explain these in helicopters (above) and nine AEROSPACE: While P-8 and AH-64E will P-8A Poseidon maritime more detail? For instance, wouldn’t UK companies undoubtably boost UK military capabilities, what do surveillance aircraft (below). already be winning work if they were competitive you say to people who might be concerned about the enough? impact on the UK’s defence industrial capabilities? MA: That’s precisely the point. As we seek to MA: Our industry is a global one. You’ll struggle to maintain our competitive edge it is vital that we fi nd any aircraft made entirely in one country. We take that journey together with our suppliers. The constantly remind people of two things. Firstly, we UK is the third largest source of supply for Boeing are committed to the UK supply chain. We spent after the US and Japan. So already more than twice as much with UK suppliers in 2015 the industry here is doing a lot as we did in 2011. We right. Together our aim is to committed continue to improve Boeing with the UK and share the Government at success throughout Farnborough the supply to support additional chain. Part enhancement of our initiatives for commitment to UK suppliers to help improve their competitiveness still further. That will deliver benefi ts on Boeing programmes but also on other projects. Secondly, we can meet the requirements the UK is to share of our customers here in the UK. That applies in our vision of how we plan to maintain momentum defence, such as with the Chinook, or with the MoD in effi ciency, in safety, in innovation. When suppliers on information services, and in the commercial understand that they can better meet specifi c aircraft fi eld with the UK being the base for Boeing requirements. We want to share that drive with our Commercial Aviation Services (Europe) Ltd. So we partners here in the UK. That way we ensure our long- are building our own capabilities here in the UK and term partnership with the UK continues to fl ourish, at the same time we are supporting the additional delivering enhanced prosperity to this country. growth of our suppliers in this country too. With both the Apache and P-8A agreements there will AEROSPACE: Boeing has doubled its UK no doubt be more decisions to follow from the workforce in the past fi ve years, How does the UK Government on how they are supported here in the fi gure in Boeing’s future strategy? Services, support, UK. We want to be a major part of that. R&D or even manufacturing?

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 33 PLANE SPEAKING Sir Michael Arthur

MA: Another part of our announcement with the

Government at Farnborough was to double our Boeing employment in the UK again in the coming years.

Gatwick Airport Gatwick This will be across the business, both commercial and defence, and includes our subsidiaries here too. We’ll be making further announcements to fl esh out the details, some of which will be with customers or partners. As you’d expect, most of this will be growing our existing industry leadership in In November, Boeing services and support but I’d not rule out additional and Gatwick Airport developments with research partners too. announced plans to build a new AEROSPACE: Boeing has forecast a global need maintenance hangar at for 617,000 new pilots, 679,000 maintenance the airport to support Boeing’s European technicians and 814,000 cabin crew between now GoldCare MRO and 2035. What is Boeing doing to address this customers. shortage?

MA: Our 2016 Pilot and Technician Outlook does indeed make those predictions and we’re working globally with airline customers to train people to meet these requirements, including here in the

Boeing UK where we have our Gatwick Training Campus providing pilot and technician training to customers Boeing’s Gatwick Training Campus provides training for the 737-700/-800, 757-200, 767-300ER, 777-200ER/-300ER from all over the world. No one organisation will be and the 787. able to do this alone but we’re playing a leading role in delivering the skills and updating capabilities to support the global demand for fl ying and the new employee per day in 2015. Boeing intends professionals that make that possible. to continue this growth in the UK during 2016 and beyond. The UK remains critically important First fl ight in April AEROSPACE: Are there opportunities for the for Boeing, as a base for operations supporting 2013 of the G-SBAP smaller MROs to work with Boeing as you seek to airline and defense customers as well as a source two-seater RANS somplete through Boeing Gold Care? of innovative suppliers and technology partners S6ES Coyote II built alongside sales opportunities. For example, in 2015 by students from Marling School, Stroud MA: Of course. As we grow our commercial aviation alone Boeing spent £1.8bn with UK suppliers, more High School and services business, particularly here in the UK, we than twice the level of 2012. This supports 12,700 Maidenhill School as grow our partnerships with customers and suppliers. jobs in the tier one supply chain. part of the Boeing/ As the OEM we bring our design knowledge, RAeS Build-a-Plane manufacturing experience, engineering expertise AEROSPACE: As the second strongest aerospace Challenge. and fl eet data to every service we provide. No one industry in the world, will the recent EU referendum else has it. But we often work with partners to effect threaten the UK’S global position? deliver our services and this area of our business is no different. MA: This is a signifi cant moment, of that there is no question. But success or failure doesn’t depend AEROSPACE: We are going through a tumultuous on the decision that’s now been taken. Instead it’s time in British politics this year. Do you see any how we now work to make the best of the decision. negative effects from Brexit on Boeing’s business in As a global business we’re conditioned to take the the UK (exchange rates, certifi cation, moving staff long-term view and to deal with changing political

Boeing around) or do you think it could be positive for a US circumstances and we’ll continue to do that. For the company increasing its global presence? UK industry to succeed, it needs to do the same. The Government will have many discussions with MA: We see the UK’s future relationship with the the aerospace industry and a clear overall picture EU as a matter for the British people and the UK is already emerging over issues that need to be Government. We will continue to grow our business addressed, such as the single market, EASA and Concept CGI of wherever our customers are and to deliver whatever environmental initiatives, not to mention aerospace Boeing’s Crew Space they want. Don’t forget that Boeing has a long- research and defence and security co-operation. Transportation (CST)- standing relationship with the UK, with its Armed So could it threaten the UK’s global position? Yes it 100 Starliner seven Forces and its air transport industry, dating back to could. But, however the UK’s relationship with the crew reusable space the 1930s. We have doubled our direct employment EU turns out, I see an opening up of our sector, of capsule. in the UK since 2011 and hired, on average, a global trade, global supply chains and cross-border

3 4 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 research co-operation. Life’s and inspire young people to join what you make of it and this is us for the challenges of the next no different. As an industry we Boeing UK 100 years. It’s tough to pick out seek solutions to the hardest one highlight but, if I could be questions and challenges, so allowed a few, then Farnborough let’s get to work on this one. and our centennial pavilion would be one. Hosting ‘Above AEROSPACE: Boeing has and Beyond’ in Greenwich this been committed to boosting summer was great as another STEM and to inspiring way to inspire young people on young people into careers an aerospace journey too. To in aerospace and aviation by celebrate our fi rst 100 years supporting initiatives such as we produced a terrifi c fi ve- the RAeS Schools Build-a- part documentary series. I’d Plane Challenge and Falcon recommend taking a look at that, initiative. What more, do you then people can pick their own! think, needs to be done? Looking back on this century I also pay tribute to Joe Sutter, MA: We’re very proud of our who passed away at the age of UK community partnerships. 95. Starting from scratch Joe Worldwide we are committed and his team designed and built to playing an active role in the world-beating 747 ‘Jumbo’ the communities in which jet in less than three years. That’s we operate and in which our an incredible inspiration for us employees live. Our industry going forward. offers such outstanding opportunities and our aim AEROSPACE: What is with our partners, such as the your opinion of the aviation, RAeS, is to widen the pool of aerospace and defence people able to access these challenges that the Prime opportunities for their own Minister and her team should be personal success as well as focusing on? that of the industry. The main challenge now, as far as I can see, is to tackle the Infographic showing MA: For quite a while now Governments of infl uencers around young people. Parents, teachers Boeing’s involvement all hues have understood the value that the and peers can have such a profound infl uence on in the UK military and aerospace industry provides to the UK economy. school-age children. It is our role to show them civil market. The continuity of approach at BEIS in partnership the nature of modern manufacturing, particularly with other Government departments and the young women who are statistically much less likely industry is very positive. Providing that constructive to consider our sector. We’re potentially missing conversation – focusing on investment in new out on so many talented people by our industry technologies and skills development – and the not appealing to girls enough. It’s not dull or dirty recognition of the value that we bring to this or dangerous. It’s high-tech, safe, exciting and country continue then we have a framework for us rewarding. The industry has a role to play in showing to deliver on the nation’s priorities. Continuing as this to people fi rst hand, either through site visits or part of the wider family of European aerospace – engaging videos on social media channels where such as EASA – is also vital. our intended audience gets its information. We need to go to them, wherever they are, our future AEROSPACE: What do you envisage will be the depends on it, as does theirs. At Boeing in the UK next major advancement in aerospace/space in the we put this high up on our agenda. next 100 years?

AEROSPACE: Last year Boeing has celebrated its MA: I think it’s too tough to narrow down to just one. 100th anniversary. What has been your personal Right now we’re focused on delivering effi ciency highlight this year and, looking back on its history, in our products for our customers but also in how what product stands out most for you? we make them and develop them. But projects are already underway on hypersonic fl ight, autonomous MA: Our centennial has been such an incredible fl ight, hybrid aircraft, the mission to Mars and many opportunity to celebrate the achievements of more. It’s a very exciting time to be involved in the Boeing’s people worldwide since 1916, engage our industry and provides us with ample opportunities to partners, customers and suppliers in that success inspire the next generation to choose our sector.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 35 DEFENCE RAF Sentinel MRO Sentinel reloaded

The UK Government recently awarded a £131.5m contract to Raytheon UK to upgrade the RAF’s Sentinel surveillance aircraft. BILL READ FRAeS reports from Broughton to learn more about the upgrade and its implications for the future of the Sentinel fleet. MoD An RAF Sentinel R1

t the end of October, it was announced Guarding the skies SENTINEL R1 that the RAF had awarded Raytheon a £131.5m contract to continue support The Sentinel is based on a modifi ed Bombardier services for the Sentinel battlefi eld and Global Express business jet powered by two 5 ground surveillance aircraft programme. Rolls-Royce BR700s with the fi rst prototype fl ying CREW AUnder the new Integrated Sentinel Support Solution in August 2001. The fi rst production Sentinel R1 contract, Raytheon will continue to manage the made its maiden fl ight in May 2004, after which design, confi guration management, modifi cation the aircraft entered operational service with RAF 530kt and support aspects of the Sentinel at its facility in V (Army Co-operation) Squadron based at RAF SPEED Broughton in Wales. AEROSPACE visited Raytheon Waddington and fl ew its fi rst operational sortie in UK Airbourne Solutions in Broughton, where the Afghanistan in February 2009. There are currently second Sentinel was in the middle of a heavy fi ve Sentinels in operation – the fi rst of which was 40,000ft overhaul, to ask what this contract might mean for modifi ed in Greenville, Texas and other four at ALTITUDE the longer-term future of the Sentinel fl eet. Broughton.

36 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 The aircraft operates at altitudes of 40,000ft or above to conduct strategic reconnaissance and MoD provide military commanders with a high-resolution view of a large battlefi eld area. Crew comprises a pilot, a co-pilot, an Airborne Mission Commander (AMC) and two image analysts. Missions can last up to nine hours. The Sentinel uses AESA (active electronically scanned array) technology and is equipped with a Raytheon Systems/BAE Systems dual-mode synthetic aperture radar / moving target indication (SAR/MTI) radar known as Sentinel Dual Mode Radar Sensor (DMRS). The cockpit has a centrally housed, pull-down screen capable of displaying a moving map, Link 16 datalink information. The aircraft is also equipped with a defensive aids subsystem (DASS) comprising a towed radar decoy, missile approach warning system and chaff and fl are dispensers which can be operated in automatic, semi- automatic or manual mode. Radar SAR image from a Royal Air Force Sentinel R1 from RAF Waddington showing fl oods Sentinels have been used in campaigns in surrounding a railway line in Oxford in February 2014. Afghanistan, Libya and Mali and are currently operating in Syria and Iraq. In addition to military applications, the aircraft’s capability has also been used for humanitarian and disaster relief missions, including mapping and surveying the fl oods that hit Southern England in 2014.

Heavy maintenance

Because the Sentinels have now been in RAF service for over ten years, the aircraft are in need of an upgrade. The contract to refurbish the aircraft has been awarded to Raytheon UK which has been supporting the Sentinel since 2007. Raytheon is currently working on the second airframe up to the end of this year and will move onto the third in January. “We currently have a contract up to the fourth aircraft with an option for the fi fth,” said Roland Howell, Raytheon’s UK Head of Airborne Solutions. Raytheon is currently working refurbishing Sentinel 691, the second aircraft in the fl eet. When seen in October the second Sentinel was little more than a basic airframe with no engines, undercarriage or interior fi ttings. “What we’re doing here is a ten-year ‘HC’ check,” explained Roger Shone, GM of Raytheon Broughton. “HC is basically an airframe inspection but, to get to the airframe, you need to strip everything out. There are a number of other Global Express 5000 business jets currently going through HCs as well but, because the Sentinel has been missionised, it’s no longer a basic model and there’s a lot more work to it. A corporate Global Express needs around three to four months to be refurbished but we need more time than that. We’ve got to take out all the mission equipment, the racks and the panelling, after which we go in there and inspect areas of the aircraft that haven’t been looked at since it was built. If we fi nd issues, whether they’re electrical, connective or a bit of corrosion, then we go The Sentinel includes a number of missionised modifi cations not found on the original Global in and fi x them.” Express 5000.

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 37 DEFENCE RAF Sentinel MRO

Waddington who have a better skill set. The radar has some maintenance checks that we do some here and some can be done at Waddington.” “We’re now completed what we call the virgin work and were about go into refi t where we start to build the aircraft back up. The aircraft is now essentially like a new green airframe and what we’ll do now is to start putting all the pieces back together. When we’ve done that, we’ll link in the mission systems and test them, after which we’ll fl y it to RAF Waddington where they’ll do some more tests over two more weeks. RAF Waddington will add some more capability equipment and then the aircraft is fl ight mission capable.”

Learning by experience

Raytheon’s experience with refurbishing the fi rst Sentinel has enabled it to accelerate the schedule for the second aircraft and will complete the programme ever faster for the third and fourth. “We’ve taken advantage of the learning we’ve achieved over past few years and doing things more effi ciently in terms of structure and manning,” explained Roland Howell. “Roger’s team have applied a great deal of effort working with the customer in terms of Six Sigma working techniques.” “The fi rst Sentinel was here for 12 months,” said Roger Shone. “This second one will be with us for eight months and, for the third, we’ve come up with six month schedule, which is likely to become the Raytheon has used its experience from the fi rst Sentinel refurbishment to reduce the time needed base line for the remaining two. There are still some for subsequent overhauls. challenges working with MoD, the project team and the airworthiness authorities but we think we can achieve “Because we don’t always know what we might it. When we took the fi rst Sentinel to bits, we didn’t fi nd, it’s quite a dynamic programme,” he adds. “We fi nd anything unusual or unexpected. We learned a have an integrated master schedule to make sure that lot from the process and we’ve now got a good idea we can manage and fi x them any problems that might of the type of parts we need to order which helps arise. On top of that, the aircraft comes in with a tech reduce the schedule. When we did the fi rst HC, we log listing additional issues which need to be sorted. learned what materials and components we needed We work closely with the project team (PT) on what to replace and in what order. So, when we came to the we do, including timescales and costs. If it’s a basic second aircraft, we were able to reduce lead times by green aircraft issue, we go straight to Bombardier, ordering the components in advance, so when we took if it’s an area that we’ve modifi ed, we bring in the a panel off we’d have to so we already have the parts original equipment manufacturer (OEM). We may available. This has often been a challenge, as third ask the PT whether to replace parts and buy new party suppliers all have different delivery times and like ones or we can defer issues until later if it will affect to have as much notice as possible. delivery times. We have our own design authority for Shone admitted that one problem had been Sentinel but we work closely with Bombardier and that of obsolescence. “Everything goes obsolete have agreements in place to make sure what we eventually,” he admitted. “Vendors go out of business do is airworthy. In the past, if there was a particular or cease to supply or support components, sub- issue, Bombardier has supplied us with engineers for assemblies or cards within line-replaceable units one or two weeks. We also talk to engineers at RAF (LRUs). We have to look at new ways to ensure that Waddington to come up with solutions which we then redesign is achieved which may include solutions that discuss with the customer to give it the go ahead.” might not have previously been economic.” The aircraft’s radar system is also being refurbished. “The main work on refurbishing the On-going process radar is being done here on site,” said Roger Shone. “Sometimes we also bring in our radar-trained fi eld At present, the second Sentinel is on schedule to be service representative (FSR) engineers from RAF delivered on 30 January 2017. Work on upgrading the

3 8 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Will the Sentinel start to fade away from 2017 onwards? third aircraft will begin immediately afterwards but in a refurbished hangar located across the Broughton airfi eld within the Airbus UK site. “Raytheon is looking to further invest in this region and, with the support of the Welsh government, have invested in a new hangar at our Broughton facility to ensure that we can continue to deliver design-to-fl ight-trials capability for improved operational availability,” said Raytheon UK’s Business Development Executive, John Craib, “With Rivet this investment, the company will be able to manage Joint export work and optimise Sentinel support, reducing signals intelligence the time and costs involved in HC deep maintenance aircraft to 2035. checks.” Last year’s Farnborough Air Show saw an impassioned Radar upgrades plea from RAF’s ISTAR Force commander, Air Commodore Dean Andrew, Raytheon is hoping that it may be awarded an encouraging the Government not to reduce the size additional MoD contract to upgrade the Sentinel’s of the Sentinel fl eet which were in high demand ASTOR (Airborne StandOff Radar) and has prepared for different missions. Four of the aircraft are now plans in case this contract be forthcoming. “Part of the expected to remain in service until at least 2021. programme includes radar redesign, The fi fth Sentinel R1 was due to be obsolescence redesign and satcom retired last October but a decision on activity,” said Roland Howell. “We’ve whether to reduce the fl eet has now done a range of minor modifi cations been put back until March. on an ongoing basis and we anticipate some further upgrade Government plans? activity which will be planned taking into account maintenance, So, given that the UK government has modifi cation and fl ight test activities.” now contracted Raytheon to upgrade According to Raytheon UK’s at least four out of the fi ve Sentinels Airborne Solutions Design Support for further service, what are its plans Services (DSS), the radar upgrades for the long-term future of the fl eet? would involve replacing the earlier This question was put to Harriet core mission system servers, Baldwin MP, Minister for Defence workstations and mission software Procurement, who came to Broughton with new hardware. The upgrade will to announce the awarding of the reduce the size, weight and power £131.5m contract. Unfortunately, consumption of the system while when asked whether the fi fth aircraft enhancing image processing power would remain in the fl eet beyond and throughput. The ASTOR mission March or if the Sentinel fl eet would software would also be upgraded so WE ARE ALWAYS remain in service after 2021, her that it is compatible with new MMS IN THE PROCESS answers were far from clear. “We are hardware. OF EVALUATING always in the process of evaluating our choices and opportunities across OUR CHOICES AND Uncertain future our whole portfolio of ISTAR and C4I OPPORTUNITIES (command, control, communications, The long-term future of the Sentinel ACROSS OUR computers and intelligence) assets”, fl eet has been uncertain since the WHOLE PORTFOLIO she said. Beyond that, she refused UK Government’s 2010 SDSR to be drawn, saying only that: “SDSR (Strategic Defence and Security OF ISTAR AND C4I sets out very clearly the strategic Review) called for the Sentinel fl eet ASSETS framework. Today is a strong to be retired in 2015 after British announcement announcing the forces had pulled out of Iraq. This Harriet Baldwin MP extension of the platform.” deadline has been granted a number Minister for Defence While admitting that there was no Procurement of extensions. The 2016 SDSR decision as to the future of Sentinel extended the service time of Sentinel beyond 2021, Roger Shone was to 2021 as part of a wider intelligence, surveillance, still hopeful about its future. “However,” he added. target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) plan, “Because of the performance of the platform and the which plans to keep the Shadow intelligence platform capability it provides, we fully expect that it will survive in operation up to 2030 and the Sentry AEW and beyond that date.”

@aerosociety i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook.com www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 39 2017

ANNUAL BANQUET Supported by

Thursday 11 May 2017 / London

Established as a key event in the social Venue calendar of the aviation and aerospace The InterContinental London Park Lane, community, the Royal Aeronautical Society One Hamilton Place, London W1J 7QY, UK Annual Banquet attracts high level industry attendance and offers the ideal opportunity Programme for networking and corporate entertainment. Reception: 7.15pm Dinner: 8.00pm Individual tickets and corporate tables are available with discounted rates for RAeS What’s included? Members and Corporate Partners. This black tie event includes a pre-dinner networking reception followed by an exquisite four-course dinner with fine wines and coffee.

Enquiries to: Gail Ward, Events Manager – Corporate & Society Royal Aeronautical Society T: +44 (0)1491 629 912 / E: [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/banquet Afterburner www.aerosociety.com

Diary 24 January Toulouse Branch 25th Gordon Corps Lecture Safety aspects of the space shuttle Prof Claude Nicollier, ESA astronaut

Space Shuttle Atlantis takes fl ight on its STS-27 mission, 2 December 1988. NASA.

42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 50 Washington DC Branch - President Eyeing the Red Storm, The Three Musketeers of the RAeS Washington DC Branch held a panel Army Air Forces and Sonic to Stand Off. discussion entitled Emerging Global Approaches “What are the essential environmental factors for in the Regulation of Commercial UAS on 22 successful innovation? Investment in R&D attracted September at the British American School. the most hits (hooray); support from an infl uential 47 Library Additions sponsor (someone, other than you, who believes 51 NAL Aircraft Factory site in your idea); for larger organisations, appropriate Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. corporate governance, meaning the right balance plans between control and freedom (for both employees 48 2016 Wilbur and Orville and suppliers).” A unique collection of 185 site plans of aircraft Wright Lecture manufacturing sites and factories around Britain which was compiled for the Ministry of Supply in - Chief Executive ACM Sir Stephen Hillier, CAS, RAF, delivered the 1946-1947. 105th Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture discussing “Looking back over 2016, the Society has enjoyed ‘Growing the RAF’ following the awarding of the an incredibly busy year with an extensive and Society’s 2016 Honours. 52 Diary varied programme of events and other activities to celebrate our 150th anniversary. You’ll find a more Find out when and where around the world the detailed summary on p 49 of how we have achieved 49 150th Anniversary latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and our goals to celebrate the formation of the Society events are happening. with a theme of innovative firsts in aerospace and The RAeS 150th Anniversary Celebrations in 2016 inspire the next generation towards even greater have been an outstanding success on many fronts, innovations in science, engineering and technology.” not just globally but extra-terrestrially.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 41 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT

Prof Chris Atkin A Happy New Year to all; interesting times lie ahead has increased the opportunities for innovation in 2017; strap yourself in! May I start by proposing to be delivered throughout the supply chain. Of a New Year’s resolution for your membership of course we aren’t quite ready yet to dispense with the Society? This is to participate in the Society’s the IP lawyers! Honours, Medals and Awards scheme. Nominations Unsurprisingly the management of information close in March but it takes time to put together a and use of intelligent systems were key areas of strong case. It is an important function of a learned discussion. There is no doubt that this is where Society to offer recognition to high achievers, and the most tangible transformations are taking place identifying these individuals and teams is a key role but with a subtly different emphasis from the for our member network. I’ll also add a reminder that fully-autonomous systems being touted in other nominations for the 2017 Council elections close at areas of transportation. We instead heard about the end of January. developments and further opportunities, aimed at ‘High achievers’ is a good way of describing the improving situational awareness and supporting speakers at our innovation conferences at the end correct decision-making by the human-in-the-loop. of November. In September I questioned whether I mentioned lead times just now: although the modern risk environment had adversely affected these are reducing with technology-driven our industry’s aspiration and ability to innovate. advances in design and manufacture processes, The succinct answer, perhaps the expected one, is aerospace innovations still require a greater level that evidence of ongoing innovation is clear if one of maturity, prior to entry into service than in many looks in the right places. Nonetheless, those who other sectors. Weekly bug-fi x releases might be wonder why all modern transport aircraft look the work for the consumer software industry but not same were given some thought-provoking answers for safety-critical systems. Indeed the ‘good old regarding barriers to ‘disruptive’ change. days’ of innovation in aerospace, with which the What are the essential environmental factors for modern pace of development is often unfavourably successful innovation? Investment in R&D attracted compared, were marred by fatalities and near- the most hits (hooray); support from an infl uential misses which could not be countenanced today. sponsor (someone, other than you, who believes Nevertheless, today’s regulatory regime was cited in your idea); for larger organisations, appropriate as unnecessarily (and unintentionally) hindering corporate governance, meaning the right balance process innovations, such as additive manufacturing, between control and freedom (for both employees or indeed emerging platforms, such as UAS and and suppliers). Much of the discussion highlighted the hybrid air vehicle. Encouragingly, the FAA was that innovations in process, product strategy and able to report that it is already responding to this business model have delivered as much, if not challenge by adopting a risk-based, rather than greater, impact as technological innovation. Related prescriptive, approach to regulation. themes were the need to match capability and level The conference discussed the role of of maturity to customer needs, balancing the ‘right’ demonstrators in increasing technology readiness answer against the ‘quick answer’ and the optimised and to reduce risk. These, in the words of NASA’s solution against the versatile solution. A key Hugh Dryden, “separate the real from the imagined”. message was that ‘innovation is not linear’, in the Another very important aspect of these programmes ‘HIGH sense that there is not always a simple chronology is, of course, their ability to inspire the next linking technology development and its adoption. generation. ACHIEVERS’ IS The point was made more than once that Finally, a less-anticipated point which we can A GOOD WAY ownership of IP is not a pre-requisite to its all ponder: the barrier to innovation presented by OF DESCRIBING exploitation. Today’s collaborative environment conservative thinking in the marketplace, whether THE SPEAKERS means that OEMs can exploit new ideas from the scepticism of radical new transport confi gurations, supply chain very rapidly, while the (generally) or the negative perceptions of commercial UAS AT OUR shortening time to market means that it is vital being encouraged by much of the media, or simply INNOVATION for OEMs to capture innovations offered by the resistance to change. Unsubstantiated opposition CONFERENCES supply chain, or else lose them to a competitor. to new ideas is something I have found hugely AT THE END OF This is surely good news for those entering frustrating in my career in R&D; this is something the industry today, that the ‘not invented here’ which we, as members of a learned society, should NOVEMBER sentiment is on the way out, and that collaboration certainly challenge in our industry.

42 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE

Simon C Luxmoore The annual Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture was once again a great success with our Guest of Honour ACM Sir Stephen Hillier FRAeS delivering an excellent lecture, right, which was followed by the annual dinner. The lecture itself was preceded by a most welcome message of congratulation from our Honorary President for 2016, HRH The Prince of Wales, and this was followed by the presentation of awards to the Society’s 2016 new Honorary Fellows and Companion (see p 48). Looking back over 2016, the Society has programme and budget. There has been no enjoyed an incredibly busy year with an extensive additional resource granted to enable them and varied programme of events and other to do this and I would like to congratulate and activities to celebrate our 150th anniversary. thank them for their additional hard work and You’ll find a more detailed summary on p 49 of achievement while maintaining, for the most how we have achieved our goals to celebrate part, a sense of humour. You know who you are! the formation of the Society with a theme of I am pleased to report that, at the time of writing, innovative firsts in aerospace and inspire the next the Society’s 2016 membership growth and generation towards even greater innovations in financial targets are on course to being achieved science, engineering and technology. and more details will be reported in our Annual My particular thanks go to our many Corporate Review. Partners who have supported our activities As we look ahead to 2017, January marks two throughout the year, our Branches and Divisions years since the National Aerospace Library I AM PLEASED for hosting an extensive programme of activities Conservation project started and, so far, TO REPORT THAT, across the globe, our members for supporting thanks to the hard work of many of our Library these activities and, finally, to our 2016 Working volunteers, we have repaired and repackaged AT THE TIME OF Group, headed up by Lee Balthazor FRAeS, who over 250 boxes of aero brochures, manuals, WRITING, THE have worked hard to oversee and co-ordinate a pamphlets, reports and articles. Funded by the SOCIETY’S 2016 vast range of projects to celebrate this milestone RAeS Foundation, this work has helped to make MEMBERSHIP in our history. I would also like to thank HRH the material available to future researchers and The Prince of Wales for acting as our Honorary it would not have been possible without the GROWTH AND President for the Society’s 150th anniversary. enthusiasm of our volunteers – a huge thank FINANCIAL Last but by no means least I would like to thank you to all of those who support us. TARGETS ARE the Executive and staff who have put in the On that happy note and on behalf of all the ON COURSE TO additional time and effort to deliver much of the staff at the Society I would like to take this 2016 programme of events while continuing opportunity to wish you good health and good BEING ACHIEVED to deliver the regular underlying operational fortune in 2017 and beyond.

COUNCIL NOMINATIONS 2017 Nominations for Council closes on 31 January 2017 – Your opportunity to help guide the Society?

The Society would like to hear from members who are interested in standing for the Council in the 2017 elections to be held in the spring. Only by having a good number of candidates from all sectors of the aviation and aerospace community can the Council benefit from a variety of backgrounds and experience. We would like to remind members that nominations for Council closes at the end of this month. This is an opportunity to impart your expertise in leading the Society to ensure it delivers the highest quality to its members and to contribute to key initiatives within the sector on a global scale. Please give serious thought to whether you could serve the Society in this most important role. If you are interested, or require further information, please visit our website at http://aerosociety.com/councilelection or contact Saadiya Ogeer, the Society’s Governance and Compliance Manager, on +44 (0)20 7670 4311 or [email protected] Please note that all nominations must be submitted no later than 31 January 2017.

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 43 Afterburner Book Reviews EYEING THE RED STORM

Eisenhower and the First Attempt to Build a Spy Satellite By R M Dienesch

University of Nebraska Press, 1111 Lincoln Mall, Lincoln NE 68588-0630, USA. 2016. Distributed by Combined Academic Publishers, Windsor House, Cornwall Road, Harrogate HG1 2PW, UK. 296pp. £25.99. [25% discount available to RAeS members via www.combinedacademic.co.uk using CS314FLIGHT promotion code]. ISBN 978-0- 8032-5572-2.

Canadian historian Robert M Dienesch throws new and interesting light on the space programmes that helped to avert World War 3 – the military surveillance satellites of the 1960s and 1970s. He focuses on recently declassifi ed information about the American WS-117L satellite system that was initiated more than two years before the October policy. For example, Richard Rhodes, who Above: On 19 August 1960, 1957 launch of the fi rst satellite Sputnik. chronicled the development of nuclear weapons, a Fairchild C-119J Flying In explaining this surprisingly early start to Boxcar made the world’s fi rst saw it as the root cause of the US-Soviet nuclear America’s space programme, Dienesch points to midair recovery of a capsule escalation that made the Cold War so inherently the US paranoia about Soviet military capabilities returning from orbit when frightening. What Dienesch does is to show it ‘snagged’ the parachute and intentions brought about by the closed nature that Eisenhower understood that only accurate lowering the Discoverer XIV of the Communist superpower. The paranoia was intelligence on Soviet military deployments could satellite at 8,000ft altitude, 360 miles southwest of fuelled by the trauma of the unexpected Japanese undercut the arguments of the US services and this attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, strengthened by Honolulu, Hawaii. The aircraft led him to agree to the development of the recovered a CORONA the surprise invasion of South Korea by its northern WS-117L satellite long before such a system had capsule returning from space. neighbour in 1950 and brought to fever pitch by even been demonstrated. Below: Thor Agena B with Discoverer 37 on the launch the unexpectedly early Soviet development of Dienesch describes how the performance the atomic and hydrogen bombs. This is ground pad on 13 January 1962. required to address Eisenhower’s concerns was Both USAF. well-covered by previous space historians but soon shown to be beyond the capability of the where Dienesch differs is in emphasising inter- available technology. This led to many changes service rivalry between the US Air Force, Army of direction and of management before a viable and Navy as a second major reason for President surveillance satellite was developed. The WS-117L Eisenhower supporting the risky and expensive turned out to be something of a dead end, since space programme. the design that eventually proved successful was Throughout his two terms as President intrinsically different: WS-117L aimed to relay Eisenhower gave priority to defence against the imagery to Earth by radio whereas the eventually Soviet Union and a stable and growing US economy successful CORONA system returned undeveloped (which underpinned the ability to fund defence). fi lm in a capsule. However, he identifi es many Dienesch adds to those a third priority that emerged areas of technology developed for WS-117L that during the Presidency, namely the tendency of the helped make CORONA a success. He also points military to exaggerate the threat in order to increase to the emergence of the successful missile warning their funding. Eisenhower worried that unrestrained satellite, MIDAS, as a legacy of WS-117L. If escalation of military spending would damage the anything, he undersells the importance of whole US economy and even the American way WS-117L, failing for example to mention the link to of life (creating a garrison state, for example). He the technology in NASA’s interplanetary probes of confi ded to Treasury Secretary George Humphrey the 1960s. that he spent two thirds of his time in 1957 fi ghting The management issues that emerged in the pressure to increase spending by competing WS-117L project and how they were resolved services. have been described before but Dienesch throws Dienesch is not the fi rst to recognise the new light on them without drowning the reader in importance of inter-service rivalry in US military detail. I particularly liked his explanation of how the

44 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 creation of the US Air Force in 1947 made that third buff. The analysis of how US inter-service rivalry For those who service especially aggressive in protecting its remit infl uenced management and policy decisions by have a ‘Space and funding. Persistent leaks by the USAF to its the Eisenhower Administration will be of interest to and the Cold friends in Congress persuaded Eisenhower to move students of Cold War military history. Therefore, for development of the CORONA system from the those who have a ‘Space and the Cold War’ shelf in War’ shelf in USAF to the CIA – another reason was the danger their library, this book deserves a place on it. their library, this of having the USAF in control of the intelligence book deserves system which underpinned its own funding requests. Pat Norris Many of the details of the WS-117L design FRAeS a place on it and development (before its 1961 cancellation) Author of Spies in the Sky: Surveillance Satellites in are new and will be of interest to the space history War and Peace [Springer. 2007]

THE THREE MUSKETEERS OF THE ARMY AIR FORCES

From Hitler’s Fortress Europa recognised his own professional qualities in Van Kirk Boeing B-29 Superfortress and Ferebee and the three remained together during Enola Gay which dropped the to Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb on Hiroshima their European operational tour. on display at the National Air By R O Harder As a frequent ferry pilot for General Eisenhower & Space Museum, Steven F and occasionally General Dolittle, it was perhaps not Udvar-Hazy Center. Naval Institute Press, 291 Wood Road, Annapolis, MD surprising that Tibbets was selected for a ‘special Elliott Wolf. 21402, USA. 2015. Distributed by Eurospan Group, task’ despite a brief and unhappy interregnum 3 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8LU, UK. 288pp. as a staff offi cer. As the commander of 509th Illustrated. £32.50. ISBN 978-1-61251-902-9. Bombardment Group in Utah, Van Kirk and Ferebee were selected by Tibbets to be the Group navigator There have been many books written on the topic of and bombardier, respectively. This ‘special’ group was the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki with nuclear then joined by 393rd Bomb Squadron. weapons in August 1945 but this book puts those The author describes in fascinating detail how missions into the context of the relationship between the squadron trained for the nuclear missions over three of the men involved on the fi rst mission to Japan and how the three characters were central Hiroshima. In doing so, the author, a former B-52D to the success of the fi rst mission and how close navigator with 145 combat missions during the the second mission, captained by Major Charles Vietnam War, creates a fascinating narrative that opens Sweeney, came to disaster. The reader must decide many doors on the US Army Air Forces’ successes whether Tibbets could have done more to oversee the and failures associated with strategic bombing. planning for the ‘near catastrophic Nagasaki mission’, Paul Tibbets, the aircraft commander of the although by this stage the political and senior offi cer Hiroshima mission, had fi rst met Theodore ‘Ted’ involvement was almost overpowering. A well-written Van Kirk, the navigator and Thomas Ferebee, the A well-written and engaging book that comes and engaging bombardier, when all three were posted to 340th highly recommended. book that Bomb Squadron in Florida prior to deploying to RAF comes highly Polebrook, UK in July 1942. Tibbets, a focused Trevor Nash disciplinarian and frequently irascible character, MA MRAeS recommended

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 45 Afterburner Book Reviews SONIC TO STAND OFF The Evolution of the British Nuclear Deterrent By A Morrison

Distributed by A MacKay, 87 Knightscliffe Avenue, Netherton, Glasgow G13 2RX, UK (E charlese87@ btinternet.com). 2016. 207pp. Illustrated. £14.99. ISBN 978-0-9573443-4-1.

The book’s subtitle is ‘The Evolution of the British Nuclear Deterrent’ and this is the main theme. The title and subtitle have some relevance but, for instance, the fi rst chapter is about the Treaty of Versailles and its efforts to prevent Germany acquiring an air force and how they evaded it. The story behind the book is that it is based on some notebooks with the title ‘Missile Work’. The next chapters are on rocket development, mainly in Germany, up to the V2 and the Me163. Junkers, working in an underground factory dug out Avro Vulcan B2 V-Bomber Its success began to soften the US refusal to by slave labour, made a supersonic rocket-powered armed with an Avro Blue co-operate and the fi rst drop from a Valiant at Steel ‘stand-off’ bomb. glider spyplane. This was to be taken to 36,000ft Maralinga in 1956 continued the improvement. RAeS (NAL). on the back of a Dornier 217 and, when released, Further work, with nuclear fusion components, it would go up to 76,000ft using its rocket and ‘Grapple’ tests, was done at Christmas Island in then glide 465 miles, down to 40,000ft, doing its the Pacifi c. These are described as ‘400 megaton reconnaissance. At the end of WW2 the factory was range’ which must be an error, probably for ‘400 cleared and the plane was brought to the UK and kiloton’. A 400MT bomb would be destroying the trail went cold, so there is no record of further houses at more than 30 miles range and causing work or tests. What a shame! Germany worked serious burns at 100 miles. The description of on liquid fuel rockets for anti-aircraft missiles. the bomb structure design and manufacture by Schmetterling and Enzian were two results which Percival Aircraft and Hudswell Clarke is correct but suffered from political decision diffi culties. not mentioned is that they were working for RAE, British supersonic work started with RAE, who were responsible for the design, manufacture Vickers and the Miles M52 with models dropped and testing of everything outside the nuclear from over the Scilly Isles to get supersonic data components, high explosive and detonators. The which could not be got from our existing wind A Polaris missile lifts off author would not have known this because it does tunnels. Just as trials were starting the project was after being fi red from the not appear in the offi cial histories. cancelled. submerged nuclear-powered Then our standoff nuclear bomb Blue Steel is ballistic missile submarine Nuclear fi ssion bomb work started in March HMS Revenge (S27) on 9 described and the intended replacement by Skybolt, 1940 with the paper by Otto Frisch and Rudolf June 1983. USN. the US (much longer distance) standoff weapon, Peierls. The Maud Committee passed on the which was cancelled by President Kennedy late in information to the USA. Roosevelt and Churchill its development. The cancellation was, however, agreed to work together but, when Roosevelt died, the occasion for the UK being allowed to buy the politics intervened with the McMahon Act in 1946 Polaris submarine-based missile and its successors. so the UK had to start on its own. The only UK-US A plethora of US standoff weapons are listed co-operation on armament work was a trial dropping and briefl y described. It is clear why President bombs on concrete targets. These targets had been Gorbachev had to call a halt to the Arms Race. built for us by the Germans during WW2. The British I found it quite an interesting read with the mix aim was checking design methods for free-dropping of history, technicalities, and politics. None of the bombs and rocket-assisted bombs to penetrate items are covered in great depth. There are some thick concrete targets. appendices but no index. There are numerous Since we had started on a nuclear bomb we photographs but they are uncomfortably small; it is needed jet bombers, fi rst the Canberra and then true they couldn’t be included in such numbers if the V-Bombers. Their history is outlined with quite they were larger. a lot of information about squadrons and where they were based. In 1952 the fi rst UK bomb was Reg Milne exploded in the Monte Bello Islands in Australia. CEng MRAeS

46 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Library Additions BOOKS

GENERAL Trading Estate, Shawdowmoss Illustrated by over 300 A detailed well-illustrated A detailed history of the Road, Manchester M22 5LH, photographs and other summary of the long-range development of military aviation The Art of Flight. UK. 2016. 156pp. Illustrated. diagrams, a history of the bombers (Tupolev Tu-22M/ in The Netherlands, in particular J Watkinson. American £24.95. ISBN 978-1-91080- evolution of the VC10 from Tu-95MS/Tu-160), maritime that of the organisation of the Institute of Aeronautics and 904-4. its origins in the cancelled (Beriev Be-12/Be-200, Ilyushin Koninklijke Luchtmacht, its units Astronautics, Reston, VA. 2016. Vickers Type 716 V1000 Il-38/Il-114, Kamov Ka-27, Mil (including Dutch squadrons of Distributed by Transatlantic through to its many successful Mi-15, Tupolev Tu-142, Kamov the Royal Air Force and Fleet Publishers Group, 97 civil and military variants, Ka-65 Okovka), transport Air Arm), markings and details Greenham Road, London N10 supplemented by the author’s and tanker aircraft (Antonov of all aircraft types operated. 1LN, UK. 437pp. Illustrated. personal insights of his AN-12/An-22/An-26/An- £87. [20% discount available experiences fl ying the aircraft 72/An-124/An-148, Ilyushin Behind the Hangar Doors. to RAeS members on request; and a technical overview of its Il-18/Il-62M/Il-76/Il-78/ P Congdon. Sonik Books, E [email protected] T design, structure and systems, Il-96-400TZ/Il-106/Il-112V/ Woodhall Spa. 1985. 160pp. +44 (0)20 8815 5994]. ISBN the book concluding with a IL-214, Tupolev Tu-134A Illustrated. ISBN 0-9510139- 978-1-62410-372-8. summary listing of individual Balkany/Tu-154) and trainers 04. aircraft histories and the type’s (Aircraft Industries L-410UVP, A well-illustrated guide AERODYNAMICS survivors. Antonov An-2, Kamov Ka-226, to the history of the badges, Kazan Helicopters Ansat-U, KB brevets, heraldry, insignia, Advanced Computational Spitfi re Postscript. SAT SR-10, Mil/PZL Swidnik decorations and social Fluid and Aerodynamics. C R Russell. Published by Mi-2, Tupolev Tu-134/UTK DA, etiquette (including saluting P G Tucker. Cambridge the Author, Alderholt. 1994. Yakovlev Yak-52/Yak-130/Yak- and the evolution of the University Press, The 204pp. Illustrated. ISBN 52) currently operated by the Offi cers’ Mess) used by RAF Edinburgh Building, Cambridge 0-9524858-0-X. Russian Air Force. squadrons and regimental CB2 8RU, UK. 2016. 567pp. The US Navy – Curtiss Complementing the fl ying units over the years. Illustrated. £44.99. ISBN 978- Flying Boat NC-4: an author’s earlier published MiG-29: ‘Kosciuszko 1-107-42883-6. Account of the First memoirs Spitfi re Odyssey Squadron’ SPACE Transatlantic Flight. (Kingfi sher Railway Commemorative Scheme. AVIATION ART R V Simpson. Fonthill Media Publications. 1985), a R Gretzyngier and W Matusiak. Limited, Millview House, revealing insight into life Published by Stratus, Poland, Painted Wings. R Smith. Toadsmoor Road, Stroud during WW2 at the Vickers- on behalf of Mushroom Model Published by the author, GL5 2TB, UK. 2016. 125pp. Supermarine works at Publications, 3 Gloucester Westcott House, Mill Lane, Illustrated. £18.99. ISBN 978- Woolston, Southampton – a Close, Petersfi eld, Hants Grimoldby, Lincs LN11 8TB, 62545-009-8. centre for Spitfi re production GU32 3AX, UK (www. UK (E robin@robin-smith-art. A well-illustrated history – including discussion and mmpbooks.biz). 2016. 80pp. co.uk). 123pp. Illustrated. £25 of the historic fl ight of the analysis of the ‘Shadow Illustrated. £15. ISBN 978-83- (plus £3.50 postage/packing). Curtiss NC-4 fl ying boat, a Factory’ at Castle Bromwich. 63678-64-7. ISBN 978-1-5262-0170-6. design collaboration between A detailed pictorial study of A compilation of over the US Navy and Curtiss. LIGHTER-THAN-AIR the commemorative markings 50 colour reproductions of Powered by six-cylinder used on MiG-29s operated by paintings by the aviation artist double-row 400hp Liberty Coastal Patrol: Royal the Polish Air Force in honour Robin Smith, accompanied 12A engines, the NC-4 – Naval Airship Operations of an American-manned unit by his commentary on the commanded by Lieutenant- during the Great War which formed part of the Polish background to the paintings Commander A C Read, USN 1914-1918. B Turpin. Fonthill Air Force in 1919 whose and of the aircraft depicted. – accomplished the fi rst aerial Media Limited, Millview House, emblem was later adopted by British Secret Projects 5: crossing of the Atlantic ocean Toadsmoor Road, Stroud the Polish No 303 Squadron Britain’s Space Shuttle. GAS DYNAMICS (by stages via the Azores). GL5 2TB, UK. 2016. 287pp. which fought under the Royal D Sharp. Crecy Publishing, Departing from Trepassy Bay, Illustrated. £30. ISBN 978-1- Air Force during WW2. 1a Ringway Trading Estate, Newfoundland, on 16 May 78155-527-9. Shawdowmoss Road, 1919, the fl ying boat arrived Survival of a Bomber Manchester M22 5LH, UK. at Lisbon, via Ponta Delgada, SERVICE AVIATION Command Pilot: Bill 2016. 261pp. Illustrated. on 27 May, and then made a McFadden DFM, Légion £27.50. ISBN 978-1-91080- symbolic fl ight to Plymouth Wings of Empire: the d’Honneur, RAAF (rtd). D 902-0. The Gas Dynamics Forgotten Wars of the of Explosions where it arrived on 31 May M McFadden. Aubrey Warsash Illustrated throughout with 1919 from where the original Royal Air Force, 1919- Publishing, 2 Charles Court, numerous line arrangement John H. S. Lee Pilgrim Fathers departed for 1939. B Renfrew. The History South Croydon, Surrey CR2 diagrams and artist impressions, America in the ‘Mayfl ower’ on Press, The Mill, Brimscombe 6PZ, UK. 2016. 139pp. a detailed history of the 6 September 1620. Port, Stroud, Gloucestershire Illustrated. £7.99. ISBN 978- evolution of the British Aircraft GL5 2QG, UK. 2015. 320pp. 0-9549582-6-8. Corporation (BAC) Mustard De Havilland Mosquito: Illustrated. £25. ISBN 978-0- Based around (Multi-Unit Space Transport the Original Multirole 7509-6507-1. contemporary family letters, and Recovery Device) space Combat Aircraft. P Birtles. the WW2 experiences of an transporter progamme and the Fonthill Media Limited, Millview The Rise of the Bomber: airman who, in June 1940, preceding English Electric P42 House, Toadsmoor Road, RAF – Army Planning 1919 volunteered to join the Royal hypersonic spaceplane vehicle. Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. 2015. to Munich 1938. G Baughen. Australian Air Force (RAAF) The volume concludes with a 272pp. Illustrated. £30. ISBN Fonthill Media Limited, Millview and, following an Empire survey of the contemporary The Gas Dynamics of 978-1-78155-494-4. House, Toadsmoor Road, Air Training Scheme course space vehicle project Explosions. J H S Lee. Stroud GL5 2TB, UK. 2016. at Saskatoon in Canada, designs of Hawker Siddeley, Cambridge University Press, Vickers/BAC VC10 1962 304pp. Illustrated. £25. ISBN was to serve in Bomber Armstrong Whitworth, Avro, The Edinburgh Building, to 2013 (all marks and 978-1-78155-493-7. Command with No 458 and Junkers (Raumtransporter), Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK. models): an insight into No 69 Squadrons operating in Entwicklungsring Nord (ERNO) 2016. 205pp. Illustrated. the design, construction, Russia’s Warplanes Vol Europe, Malta and the Middle and Dassault. £89.99. ISBN 978-1-107- operation and maintenance 2: Russian-made Military East. 10630-7. of the VC10 in civil and Aircraft and Helicopters For further information military service. Owner’s Today. P Butowski. Harpia Dutch Military Aviation contact the National HISTORICAL Workshop Manual series. Publishing LLC, Houston, TX. 1945-1978. P A Jackson. Aerospace Library. K Wilson. Haynes Publishing, 2016. Distributed by Casemate Midland Counties Publications T +44 (0)1252 701038 Miles M.52: Britain’s Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset UK, 10 Hythe Bridge Street, (Aerophile) Limited, Earl or 701060 Top Secret Supersonic BA22 7JJ, UK. 2016. 196pp. Oxford, OX1 2EW. 2016. Shilton. 1978. 134pp. Research Aircraft. T Buttler. Illustrated. £22.99. ISBN 978- 251pp. Illustrated. £34.99. Illustrated. ISBN 0-9524858- E hublibrary@aerosoci- Crecy Publishing, 1a Ringway 0-85733-799-3. ISBN 978-0-9973092-0-1. 0-X. 0-904597-11-3. ety.com

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 47 Afterburner Society News 105th WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT LECTURE

The 105th Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture Above: Some of the Award winners prior to the lecture. From left: Simon Luxmoore, RAeS CEO; concluded a busy year of 150th anniversary Michael Ryan CBE HonFRAeS; Sir Michael Marshall CBE HonFRAeS; Prof Chris Atkin, RAeS President; Prof Elizabeth Hughes HonCRAeS; Dr Donald Richardson HonFRAeS; and Dr Mike celebrations for the Royal Aeronautical Society. Steeden, Chairman, RAeS Medals and Awards Committee. Fittingly, the evening opened with a video message Left: ACM Sir Stephen Hillier, Chief of the Air Staff, RAF, delivers the 105th Wilbur and Orville from His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales, Wright Lecture. Honorary President of the Royal Aeronautical

Society for 2016. In this message His Royal 2016 Honours, Medals & Awards Highness wishes the Society, its members and ...... supporters every possible success in the future. He also comments that aeronautics has played a signifi cant role in changing our world and that the Society has been at the heart of this story since its formation in 1866, advancing the science of aviation at every exciting step of it development. The video may be seen at: www.aerosociety.com/150 The new Chief of the Air Staff, ACM Sir Stephen Hillier FRAeS, then took to the stage to deliver the 105th Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture. Sir Stephen spoke compellingly about the risks and 2017 opportunities which he faces in growing the front- line capability of the RAF as a result of the SDSR Honours, Medals in 2015, while managing operations which are busier than ever around the world. He called for co- & Awards operation in working together, without fear or favour, to grow the RAF as effectively as we can ensure our collective security and defence going forward. Prior to the lecture, a presentation of RAeS Honours was made to a distinguished list of individuals in recognition of their outstanding The most prestigious and contributions to the aerospace profession. Following long-standing awards in the Lecture and Awards the Society hosted a global aerospace honouring black tie dinner in the elegant Argyll Room where achievements, innovation guests from all sectors of the aerospace community and excellence. toasted the evening’s lecturer, ACM Sir Stephen The Society’s Honours, Medals and Awards are open to everyone in and supporting the Hillier, and the memory of Wilbur and Orville Wright. global aerospace community – from senior professionals to students and graduates. This event was supported by Boeing UK, who Do you know an individual or team that has made an outstanding contribution to celebrated their centenary in 2016 alongside the aerospace and merit recognition? Nominate them today. The nomination form can be found on our website www.aerosociety.com/medalsandawards. The closing date Society’s 150th anniversary. for the 2017 round is 31 March 2017.

For further information call Scott Phillips on +44 (0)20 7670 4303 or email [email protected] ...... 26

48 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 RAeS 150th ANNIVERSARY www.aerosociety.com/150

There is no doubt that the RAeS 150th Anniversary Celebrations in 2016 have been an outstanding success on many fronts, not just globally, but extra- terrestrially with the fi rst day anniversary stamp covers signed by Major Tim Peake CMG HonFRAeS on board the International Space Station (ISS) on 12 January 2016, the day of the 150th anniversary, as well as the fi rst extra-terrestrial RAeS conference presentation by Tim from the ISS to the Spaceport UK Conference at No.4 Hamilton Place. The aim of stimulating aerospace innovation was taken up for many events, ranging from young people presenting the innovative work they are involved in, the Go For Gold Competition which showcased the wealth of ideas that might be developed in the future, through to the Innovation Conference and President’s Conference on Future Technology. A key objective was to inspire young people and this was a major success, with events by and Above: Tim Peake signs for young people, including the Cool Aeronautics Isle of Man Stamps & Coins programme supported by Airbus for primary Royal Aeronautical Society 150th anniversary stamp school children that reached over 2,000 pupils in issue covers aboard the 28 locations worldwide. A wind tunnel assembled International Space Station by early career professionals and secondary on the day of the Society’s school pupils featured at Shuttleworth, RIAT and 150th anniversary, 12 January 2016. ESA. Farnborough fl ying displays and has since been Right: Some 580 guests operating in schools across the Bedford area attended the Society’s Gala demonstrating the value of Science, Technology, Banquet held at Guildhall Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). In Scotland, London on 18 May. ‘PrestAero’ was launched to provide an online resource that assists teachers in South Ayrshire by providing aeronautically themed materials for use in teaching STEM subjects. The Young Persons Conference encouraged young professionals to The fi nal aim of leaving a legacy that will be ‘Step Up To Management’, and the growth of the valued afterwards is more diffi cult to establish at this Young Persons Network has demonstrated the point in time. However, the fact that so many young value the Society can offer to those developing their people have been exposed to the tremendous careers. exciting and innovation challenges in aerospace Celebrating the contribution aerospace A KEY OBJECTIVE and aviation has provided an important boost to the makes to our lives today was another WAS TO INSPIRE work already being done by the Education and Skills underlying theme, delivered in a series of articles team at HQ. The 150th Anniversary publication in AEROSPACE magazine, and well conveyed by YOUNG PEOPLE Delivering the Dream, the schools publication Reach presentations to the Branches on the History of the AND THIS WAS A for the Sky and the January 2016 special issue of The Aeronautical Journal Society, mostly by Past President Bill Tyack FRAeS. MAJOR SUCCESS, will continue to convey the You can watch a video of this presentation on our legacy for some time to come. YouTube Channel at www.youtube.com/AeroSociety. WITH EVENTS We would like to particularly thank our members, Our regional Branches took on the challenge BY AND FOR Corporate Partners and supporters across our of raising the profi le of the Society by inviting Regional network who have supported activities more local people and organisations to participate in YOUNG PEOPLE, throughout the anniversary. It has been an exciting our anniversary activities with signifi cant increases INCLUDING year during which I believe we have achieved our in normal attendances. It is hoped that this THE COOL goals to celebrate the formation of the Society enthusiasm will continue to bring in new members with a theme of innovative fi rsts in aerospace and to the Society. High profi le events which attracted AERONAUTICS inspire the next generation towards even greater much senior attention included a Garden Party PROGRAMME innovations in science, engineering and technology. held at the British Embassy in Washington DC, SUPPORTED BY with Sesquicentennial receptions and dinners in Lee Balthazor CEng FRAeS Australia, New Zealand and Pakistan. AIRBUS Chair, 2016 Working Group

Find us on Twitter i Find us on LinkedIn f Find us on Facebook www.aerosociety.com JANUARY 2017 49 Afterburner Society News

WASHINGTON DC BRANCH Emerging Global Approaches in the Regulation of Commercial UAS The RAeS Washington DC Branch held a panel discussion entitled Emerging Global Approaches in the Regulation of Commercial UAS on 22 September at the British American School. The meeting opened with a presentation of the Build-a- Plane programme, where students are working on a Cessna 172 as part of a STEM programme. The instructors and students then answered questions. Ken Gazzola, President, RAeS Washington DC Branch, opened the meeting by thanking the British American School and providing an overview of the RAeS. He also thanked the sponsors for the evening, including Airbus, Boeing, Embraer, Brian Wynne noted that AUVSI has more Above left, from left: Brian Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Pratt & than 7,000 members worldwide and stated that Wynne, Marke ‘Hoot’ Gibson, Ken Quinn, Brendan Whitney, Rolls-Royce and the Small UAV Coalition. his organisation focuses on safe operations. He Schulman and Ken Gazzola. Kenneth Quinn, Pillsbury, moderated the panel explained that globally regulations are in the early Above: A student speaks discussion. The panel included Marke ‘Hoot’ Gibson, stages. FAA has taken the lead by establishing about the Build-a-Plane FAA senior advisor on UAS Integration, Brian the Part 107 regulations which sets a framework programme at the British Wynne, President and CEO of the Association for for UAS operations. New Zealand seems to be International School. Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI), in the lead as far as recognition of the economic and Brendan Schulman, Vice President of Policy & development impacts of UAS operations. Legal Affairs at DJI, a leading UAS manufacturer. Brendan Schulman also focused on safety and Hoot Gibson opened with a short presentation explained how DJI has incorporated numerous on the status of UAV regulations recently issued by safety features into their products, including the FAA. “UAS are the most fundamental aviation geofencing and altitude limitations. DJI operators development of our lifetime,” Gibson contends, “and have been operating with an outstanding safety UAS are causing signifi cant disruption in FAA’s record. Additional research is being conducted into culture.” the impact of ingestion of a UAS by an aircraft. FAA received 10,000 UAS pilot applications Each of the panellists provided an outlook for the under the new Small Unmanned Aircraft future. Hoot Gibson explained the roadmap for the Regulations (Part 107). More than 88% have FAA to progress to allowing autonomous regulations, passed the exam. More than 550,000 UAS have Brian Wynne looks forward to larger UAS operating been registered under new regulations, which is at higher altitudes and Brendan Schulman discussed Tulinda Larsen double the number of registered commercial aircraft. some of the new technologies being developed by DJI. Board Member

IAN FLEMING LECTURE

On 13 September the Chief of Air Force, AM Leo Davies AO CSC, joined the RAeS Canberra Branch in celebrating its 150 years of service to the aeronautical community, including 89 years in Australia. The event was held at Great Hall of University House, Australian National University. The event also commemorated Ian Bowman Fleming OBE, a notable Australian who had a long aviation engineering career, across a range of aircraft, including Boomerang, Jindivik, Mirage, Macchi, Kiowa and Nomad aircraft; and the Ikara and Turana missiles. AM Davies said it was important to recognise how far aviation had come in a short time, and the role that both Air Force and industry personnel played in creating those achievements through innovation. He spoke about his vision and priorities for the RAAF’s future, particularly with reference to fundamental importance of its quantum leap in ability to communicate, connect and fuse data with its sister services, the Government, its allies and industry. For the audience of 100 members and guests it was an inspiring evening in a majestic setting worthy of the occasion.

50 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY

Two of the site plans for Radlett), Hawker Aircraft Ltd (Langley), Martin Aircraft Factory Saunders-Roe. Hearn Ltd (Hooton Park), Helliwells Ltd (Walsall), RAeS (NAL). Heston Aircraft Ltd, Lockheed Hydraulic Brake Site Plans Co Ltd (Leamington Spa), R Malcolm Ltd (White Waltham), Marshall’s Flying School Ltd (Cambridge), Marston Excelsior Limited (Wolverhampton), Miles Aircraft Limited (Newtownards, Reading), A unique collection of 185 site plans of aircraft Percival Aircraft Ltd (Luton), Portsmouth Aviation manufacturing sites/factories around Britain Ltd (Portsmouth, Christchurch, Rochester), Reid & which was compiled for the Ministry of Supply Sigrist Ltd (Desford), A V Roe & Co Ltd (Middleton, c.1946-1947 has been preserved by the National Bracebridge Heath, Langar, Woodford), Saunders- Aerospace Library. Roe (Eastleigh, Cowes, Osborne), Scottish This compilation of detailed site plans (including Aviation Limited (Prestwick), Short Brothers Ltd. details of buildings, hangars, fl oor areas and building (Rochester), Short & Harland (Altona, Belfast, dimensions) is a revealing insight into the extent of Glen, Lindsay & Dawnay, Hawlmark), Slingsby the British aircraft manufacturing capability in the Sailplanes Ltd (Kirbymoorside), Southern Aircraft immediate post-war years and will be of interest (Gatwick) Ltd (Crawley), Turner Manufacturing Co, not only to aviation historians but also to industrial Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd (Weybridge – Tumbling archaeologists and local historians. Bay, Brooklands House, Members Hill, Foxwarren, Included in the collection are the factory Pyrford, Wisley, Shawbury, Hursley Park, Swindon), site plans of Air Dispatch Ltd (Cardiff), Airwork Vickers Aircraft Ltd (Chilbolton, Eastleigh, Newbury, General Trading Ltd (Gatwick), Air Service A UNIQUE Trowbridge), Western Airways Ltd (Weston-Super- Training Ltd (Hamble), Airspeed Ltd (Portsmouth, Mare) and Westland Aircraft Ltd (Ilchester, Yeovil). Christchurch, Drayton, Farlington, Langstone), COLLECTION OF The individual encapsulation of each plan has Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth Ltd (Babington, 185 SITE PLANS been undertaken by the conservators Riley, Dunn Whitley, Coventry, Bitteswell, Sywell), Auster OF AIRCRAFT and Wilson based in Falkirk, funded from a bequest Aircraft Ltd (Rearsby, Syston, Thurmaston), left specifi cally to the Library in the estate of Peter Blackburn Aircraft Ltd (Brough), Boulton Paul MANUFACTURING Kenneth Brack. Aircraft Ltd (Wolverhampton), Bristol Aeroplane SITES/FACTORIES The plans were included as part of the papers of Company Ltd (Filton – Rodney, West Works, AROUND BRITAIN James Valentine Connolly FRAeS (1907-1996) who East Works, Gipsy Patch), Brooklands Aviation served during WW2 as Assistant Director of Aircraft Ltd (Moulton, Sywell, Weybridge), de Havilland WHICH WAS Production at the Ministry of Aircraft Production Aircraft Co Ltd (Hatfi eld, Welwyn Garden City), COMPILED FOR [MAP] 1941-1946 (later to be amalgamated into Dowty Equipment Ltd (Cheltenham, Bath Road, the Ministry of Supply). The J V Connolly papers (as Ashchurch, Windrush), Electro-Hydraulics THE MINISTRY OF described in The Aerospace Professional, December (Messier) Ltd (Warrington), English Electric Co SUPPLY C.1946- 2011) are of key historical importance, recording in Ltd (Preston, Samlesbury), Fairey Aviation Co Ltd 1947 HAS BEEN detail the wartime production capacity of the British (Hamble, Hayes, Ringway, Stockport, Heston), aircraft industry and how it compared with America, Field Aircraft Services Ltd (Croydon, Hanworth), PRESERVED BY Germany and Japan. Folland Aircraft Ltd (Hamble), General Aircraft THE NATIONAL For any enquiries regarding this material, please Ltd (Feltham, Lasham), Gloster Aircraft Co Ltd AEROSPACE contact the librarians at Farnborough (Hucclecote, Witcombe, Uckington, Bentham, T +44 (0)1252 701038/701060; Moreton Valence), Handley Page Ltd (Cricklewood, LIBRARY E [email protected]

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EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events BEDFORD fl ight test activities at 41 Housely, T +44 (0)151 348 26 January ARA Social Club, Manton Squadron. 4480. Brexit: The Legal and Operational Implications Lane, Bedford. 7pm. Marylyn 7 March — Lancaster bail out! 11 January — Vernon Air Law Group half-day Seminar Wood, T +44 (0)1933 353517. Clive Smith. Clarkson Lecture. The Story 11 January — Automated 21 March — The Joe Morrall of aviation at Broughton/ 30 January vehicles in shared spaces. Award Lectures. Young Hawarden. Aldon Ferguson. RAF Harrier in the Cold War Rebecca Advani, Transport Persons’ competition. Room 017 Beswick Building, Gp Capt John ‘Jock’ Heron Systems Catapult. Joint lecture University of Chester, Parkgate Historical Group Lecture with ICE. CAMBRIDGE Road, Chester. 8 February — Lockheed Lecture Theatre ‘0’, Cambridge 8 February — Recent 7 February Martin Ampthill: Space Rider. University Engineering developments in Martin-Baker RPAS Operations in the Coastal and Maritime Environment Alex Godfrey, Lockheed Martin Department, Trumpington ejection seats. Philip Rowles, UAS Group Conference UK. Street, Cambridge. 7.30pm. Chief Engineer, Martin-Baker 8 March — Sir John Charnley Jin-Hyun Yu, T +44 (0)1223 Aircraft. Lecture. E-fan – the new way 373129. 8 March — The activities of to fl y. Nicholas Fouquet, Airbus Trumpington Street, Cambridge. Airbus Group Innovations in an Group Innovations. 12 January — Martin-Baker increasingly digital world. Ian ejector seats. James Pearse. Risk, Head of Airbus Group BIRMINGHAM, 2 February — Sir Arthur Innovations UK. WOLVERHAMPTON AND Marshall Lecture. The fl ying COSFORD exploits of Sir Arthur Marshall. CHRISTCHURCH National Cold War Museum, Terry Holloway. Cobham Lecture Theatre, MoD/Crown copyright 2015 MoD/Crown RAF Museum Cosford, Bournemouth University. Shifnal, Shropshire. 7pm. CANBERRA 7.30pm. Roger Starling, Chris Hughes, T +44 (0)1902 14 February — Site visit to E rogerstarling593@btinternet. 844523. the Australian Transport Safety com 19 January — The Spitfi re Bureau at 62 Northbourne 26 January — British test and Seafi re. Rod Dean. Avenue and discussion of the pilots – from the FAST archives. 16 February — Flight testing search for MH370. Ashley Morgan, FAST Archivist. the Bristol 188 stainless steel 9 March — Eminent Speaker 23 February — The role of 9 February research aircraft. John Thorpe. Lecture. Dr Sivaguru S a Rolls-Royce test pilot. Phill Flight Testing the AW159 Wildcat Helicopter at Sea 16 March — J D North Sritharan, Provost and Vice O’Dell, Chief Test Pilot, Rolls- Mark Burnand, Deputy Chief Test Pilot, Lecture. Lightning II (F-35). Chancellor, USAF Institute of Royce. Leonardo Helicopters UK Rear-Admiral Rick Thompson. Technology. 23 March — The V-Bomber Moog Aircraft Group, Valiant Flight Test Group Lecture 27 March — Lecture force and the Cold War. David Way, (i54) Wolverhampton. and dinner. Barnes Wallis Head. Kangara 15 February Foundation. Peter Rix. BOSCOMBE DOWN Waters Retirement Village. COVENTRY AeroChallenge 2017 6.30pm. Young Persons’ Committee aeronautical quiz Lecture Theatre, MoD Lecture Theatre ECG26, Boscombe Down. Engineering & Computing 16 February Refreshments from 5pm. CARDIFF Building, Coventry University, Humanitarian Aerospace – A New Civil-Military Interface Lecture 5.15pm. Visitors 7pm. E lecture@raescardiff. Coventry. 7.30pm. Janet Owen, Conference please register at least org.uk T +44 (0)2476 464079. four days in advance 18 January — Battle for 18 January — Airship 16 February (name and car registration Malta. Ron Powell. development – the Airlander UAVs for Humanitarian Aid required) E secretary@ 15 February — Engine power project. Chris Daniel, Daniel Ronen, Co-Founder, UAVAid BoscombeDownRAeS.org – where will it come from in Head of Partnership and UAS Group/IMechE Lecture 10 January — A new lease of the future? Conrad Banks. Communications, Hybrid Air life for the Gazelle AH Mk1. Flt Swansea University. Vehicles. 27 February Lt Stu Walker, Andrew Duffy 15 March — Mission Aviation 16 February — Meggitt 40 years on from the fi rst Kremer Prize and Phillip Loughlin. Fellowship. Capt Bryan Pill. Lecture and Dinner. Holiday Human Powered Flight Group Lecture 7 February — The Queen Inn Coventry South, London Elizabeth carriers: the future CHESTER Road, Ryton on Dunsmore. 5 April fl agships of the UK. Chris Room 011 Binks Building, 15 March — Lanchester New Materials, Structures and Manufacturing Methods for Coles. University of Chester, Parkgate Lecture. The Lanchester Aerospace Use 21 February — Current Road, Chester. 7.30pm. Keith interactive project. Structures and Materials Group Conference Sheffi eld Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre Supermarine Seafi re F17, SX336, of Kennet Aviation at Flying Legends. The Spitfi re and Seafi re will 24-25 April The Architecture of Air Travel – Designing for Human be discussed by Rod Dean at Cosford on 19 January. Mike Freer, Touchdown Aviation. Behaviour Air Transport Group Conference

9 May Staying Alert: Managing Fatigue in Maintenance Human Factors Group Conference Cranfi eld University

11 May RAeS AGM and Annual Banquet

13-14 June Benchmarking for Improving Flight Simulation Flight Simulation Group Conference

All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. Conference proceedings are available at www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings

52 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 CRANFIELD 15 March — Flight testing Vincent Auditorium, Vincent the Bristol 188 stainless steel Building 52a, Cranfi eld research aircraft. John Thorpe. University. 6pm. 9 February — ExoMars OXFORD Rover: Engineering for the Magdalen Centre, Oxford Red Planet. Abbie Hutty, Science Park, Oxford. 7pm. Senior Spacecraft Structures Nigel Randall, E oaktree. Engineer, Airbus Defence and [email protected] Space. 17 January — The Sabre and Skylon projects. Dr Helen DERBY Webber, Reaction Engines’ Nightingale Hall, Moor Lane, Project Lead for the Advanced Derby. 5.30pm. Chris Sheaf, Nozzle Programme. T +44 (0)1332 269368. 21 March — Fast helicopters. 18 January — Bush fl ying. Dr Gary Clark, Head, Civil Paul Catanach, bush pilot. Business, Airbus Helicopters February — The development UK. and potential of the Skylon spaceplane and its Sabre PRESTON engines. Mark Thomas, CEO, Personnel and Conference Reaction Engines. Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. 22 March — The TP400. 7.30pm. Alan Matthews, Stuart Ellis and Jerry Goodwin, T +44 (0)1995 61470. Chief Design Engineer and 11 January — Taranis Chief Engineer, Rolls-Royce aerodynamics. Chris Lee, BAE TP400. Systems. 8 February — Branch AGM FARNBOROUGH followed by Nimrod operations. BAE Systems Park Centre, Richie Fennel, BAE Systems. Farnborough Aerospace 8 March — Sir Freddie Page Centre. 7.30pm. Dr Mike Lecture. VSTOL and LO – a Philpot, case study. Mick Mansell, ex- T +44 (0)1252 614618. Future Studies Director, British 17 January — VC10 military Aerospace. Canberra Club, operations. Paul Morris, Military Samlesbury Aerodrome. Air and Information, BAE Systems. PRESTWICK 14 February — Templer Westland Whirlwind HAR10, XP398, off the coast of Cyprus in 1974. RAF search and rescue The Aviator Suite, 1st Floor, Lecture. Drone technology: helicopters will be discussed by Wg Cdr Peter Chadwick at Cheltenham on 17 January. RAeS (NAL). Terminal Building, Prestwick the next revolution in civil aviation? Lambert Dopping- Airport. 7.30pm. John Wragg, Hepenstal, formerly ASTRAEA T +44 (0)1655 750270. 16 January — RJ146 water Programme Director, BAE and rescue helicopters. Wg Cdr HEATHROW Ashworth, Technical Director, Systems. 7pm. Peter Chadwick. Community Learning Centre, Aeromet International PLC. bomber. Mike West. 13 February — 14 March — The Rolls-Royce 21 February — A pilot’s life British Airways Waterside, Joint lecture with IMechE. Boeing E-3 7000 Trent engine for the in the bush. Capt Bryan Pill, Harmondsworth. 6.15pm. For 14 March — Elfyn Richards AWACS. 13 March — Airbus A330neo. Jon Windlass, Mission Aviation Fellowship. security passes please contact Lecture. Trent XWB Airbus David Fowler Chief Engineer Trent 7000, 21 March — Rise of the Dr Ana Pedraz, A350 (84K). Mark Wainwright, McIntyre Lecture. Supply chain Rolls-Royce. Joint lecture with Drones. Dr Tom Scott, E [email protected] Chief Engineer, Trent XWB-84, issues with ever-increasing IMechE and IET. Executive Co-Director of or T +44 (0)7936 392799. Rolls-Royce. production rates. Tom Williams. Bristol-Oxford Nuclear 12 January — RAeS Schools GATWICK Research Centre. Joint Build-a-Plane Project. Oliver MANCHESTER SEATTLE CAA, Aviation House, Gatwick lecture with the IMechE. Vass. 7pm. Bryan Cowin, T +44 Museum of Flight, 9404 East Airport South. 6.30pm. Don EDF Energy Lecture Theatre, 9 February — Airspace (0)161 799 8979. Marginal Way South, Seattle, Bates, T +44 (0)20 8654 Barnett Way, Barnwood, sovereignty. Prof Keith 16 January — Consolidation Washington. 6pm. 1150. Gloucester. Hayward. of the UK aircraft industry. 21 February — Improved 11 January — Sir Peter 9 March — Sir Richard Fairey Paul Hodgson, Chief Designer aerodynamics of the Callaway Masefi eld Lecture. The art HAMBURG Lecture. Advances in airport (Retd), BAE Systems. Joint XR-16 Driver. Dr Jeffery of communication and the Hochschule für angewandte technology. Pierre Carpentier, lecture with TAS. Concorde Crouch, Senior Technical role of Airbus connecting Wissenschaften (HAW), Product Line Manager, Thales Hangar, Aircraft Viewing area, Fellow for Flight Sciences, The society. James Hinds, Director, Hörsaal 01.12, Berliner Tor 5 Avionics. Manchester Airport. 8pm. Boeing Company. Strategy Development, Space (Neubau), 20099 Hamburg. 15 February — The day Systems, Airbus Defence and 6pm. Richard Sanderson, LOUGHBOROUGH the skies went black. Peter SOLENT Space. T +49 (0)4167 92012. Room U020, Brockington Hampson, Airport Solutions. Murray Lecture Theatre, 8 February — The 26 January — Flugerprobung Building, Loughborough Room B2 Newton Building, University of Southampton. development of sailplane A350. Martin Scheuermann, University. 7.30pm. Colin Moss, Salford University. 7pm. Chris Taylor, design and performance to Experimental Test Pilot, Airbus. T +44 (0)1509 239962. 15 March — Roy Chadwick T +44 (0)1489 445627. the present day and beyond. Joint lecture with DGLR, VDI 17 January — Transatlantic Lecture. Nimrod, (The 6 February — Formula 1 Afandi Darlington and Howard and HAW. adventure. Eddie McCallum, Mighty Hunter). Dr Thurai aerodynamics: modelling Torode, British Gliding 16 March — Remembering Microlight Pilot. Rahulan, University of Salford. for performance. Dr Association. the TSR2. Brian Mann. 7 February — The challenges Deanwater Hotel, Wilmslow Stephen Liddle, Principal of maintaining Highland and Road, Woodford. Aerodynamicist, Renault F1. GLOUCESTER AND HATFIELD Island Airport Services (HIAL). 21 February — R J Mitchell CHELTENHAM Lindop Building, University of Andrew Rackham. Joint lecture MEDWAY Lecture. Dr Paolo Ferri, Head Safran Landing Systems, Hertfordshire, Hatfi eld. 7pm. with Loughborough University Staff Restaurant, BAE of Operations, European Space Restaurant Conference Room, Contact Maurice James, Velocity Society. Systems, Marconi Way, Operations Centre. Turner Sims off Down Hatherley Lane. T +44 (0)7958 775 441. 21 February — 3D printing Rochester. 7pm. Robin Heaps, Concert Hall, University of 7.30pm. Peter Smith, T +44 18 January — Single-engined and digital technology. Kevin T +44 (0)1634 377973. Southampton. Ticketed event – (0)1452 857205. Atlantic crossing. Dr Peter Smith, Global Applications 18 January — Kent Air please book via 17 January — RAF search Orton. Director, Voxeljet and Steve Ambulance. Lucy Waterson. E [email protected]

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SOUTHEND with IMechE. The Forum, Elmer attendees must provide details Commanding Red Arrows. 18 January — Title TBC. The Royal Naval Association, Square, Southend-on-Sea. of the vehicle they will be using 1 February — Manoeuvrable 79 East Street, Southend-on- not later than fi ve days before TOULOUSE spacecraft. John Gough, Sea. 8pm. Sean Corr, T +44 STEVENAGE the event. Photo ID will be Symposium Room, B01, Airbus former aerodynamicist, Hawker (0)20 7929 3400. Fusion Restaurant, Airbus required at the gate (Driving HQ/SAS, 1 rond point Maurice Siddeley Kingston. 14 January — 60th Defence and Space, Gunnels Licence/Passport). Advise Bellonte, 31707 Blagnac. 22 February — The history anniversary lunch. Wood Road, Stevenage. attendance preferably via email 6pm. Contact: Pass@RAeS- and development of sailplanes. La Romantica, 9 High Street, 5.30pm. RSVP Matt Cappell, to [email protected] or Toulouse.org for a security Afandi Darlington, AAIB, and Rayleigh. E [email protected] Branch Secretary Colin Irvin, pass. Howard Torode, British Gliding 14 February — The 11 January — Flying the T +44 (0)7740 136609. 24 January — 25th Gordon Association. BAe146/RJ – Britain’s last A380. Kevin Briggs. 4 January — 100 years of air Corps Lecture. Safety 15 March — Aero engine airliner. Stephen Skinner, accident investigation. Peter aspects of the space shuttle. technology – a glimpse into aviation author and historian. SWINDON Coombs, AAIB. Prof Claude Nicollier, ESA the future. Phil Curnock, Chief 14 March — Aircraft and The Montgomery Theatre, 1 February — Reminiscence astronaut. Engineer, Civil Large Engines, aircraft propulsion evolution. The Defence Academy of the of a Concorde test pilot. Alan 14 February — Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce. Rob Duivis, GE90 Programme United Kingdom, Joint Services Smith. Mini-Lecture Competition Manager, KLM Engineering Command Staff College, 1 March — The Red Arrows. followed by Aero-engines at YEOVIL and Maintenance. Joint lecture Shrivenham. 7.30pm. New Wg Cdr Martin Higgins, Offi cer Rolls-Royce: a proud history Dallas Conference Room 1A, and exciting future. Prof Ric Leonardo Helicopters, Yeovil. Parker. 6pm. David Mccallum, E david. 14 March — Progress of mccallum@leonardocompany. Reaction Engines towards com YOUNG PERSONS COMMITTEE space and hypersonic fl ight. 19 January — The Westland Mark Thomas, CEO and MD Future Projects Group – a Reaction Engines. personal recollection. Dr Ron Smith. Young Persons Network WEYBRIDGE 16 February — The Reggie Brooklands Museum, Brie Awards. Young members’ Weybridge. 6.45pm. Ken lecture competition. Re-Ignited Davies, T +44 (0)1483 16 March — Robotic cars. 531529. Tony Pipe. In 2016 the Young Persons Committee (YPC) focused on improving the Young Persons Network (YPN), a trend that will be continuing in 2017. The YPN is a group of members within the Society who are in the earlier stages of their careers in the aerospace industry and want to be active within the community. The representatives of this network have as their primary aims; to improve the consistency and level of service to all young members across the Society and increase awareness of the Society among young people everywhere. The YPC’s aim is to establish the YPN as a Society-wide network of young people improving local engagement of young people and members. One third of Branches now have a YPN member as part of their committee, with Derby and Hatfi eld Ask yourself three questions being the most recent additions. The aim is for every Branch to have a YPN representative in the near future. Is your application software suffering If you want to get involved or for more information, the from poor performance today? YPC have an informative animation on YouTube, here’s the link: https://youtu.be/8OML2Kqq6qE Do you know if your application software One of the most crucial aspects of maintaining this network is communication. The YPC recognises this and for is running at full potential on your this reason has established a new role on the committee, current computing systems? that of the YPN administrator. Robin Saaristo, a third-year Aeronautical Engineering student at Imperial College London, Is your application software ready to has taken up the crucial new role. Robin has recently joined the Young Persons Committee, after also serving on the 2016 exploit future computing technology? celebrations committee, and is dedicated to expanding and establishing the network. ag.com/softwareanswers In 2017 look out for coverage of our activity in XXXO AEROSPACE.

Daniel McKenna Young Persons Committee Join on groups on social media for regular updates and discussion: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ groups/1676510299263430/ Linked In: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/4228043

54 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Corporate Partners NEW PARTNERS EVENTS

The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to Please note: attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly welcome the following Corporate Partners. exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners.

CITY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Thursday 19 January 2017 / London 10 Northampton Square, The Defence Safety Authority – A new model for multi-domain safety in the MoD London EC1V 0HB, UK Corporate Partner Briefi ng by AM Richard Garwood CB CBE DFC MA RAF, T +44 (0)20 7040 5060 Director General, Defence Safety Authority E [email protected] Sponsor: W www.city.ac.uk Contact Prof Chris Atkin, Professor of Aeronautical Engineering Wednesday 8 February 2017 / London Delivering ISR Capabilities and Services Worldwide City, University of London, was the fi rst institution Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Matt Avison, ISR Sales Director, Thales UK in the United Kingdom to be approved to Sponsor:p offer ‘courses of instruction in aeronautics’, in September 1909. City still offers Aeronautical Engineering programmes to BEng and MEng Wednesday 22 March 2017 / London degree level, as well as world-renowned Corporate Partner Briefi ng Masters programmes in Aviation Management. Colin Smith CBE HonFRAeS, Chair, Aerospace Growth Partnership (AGP) Aeronautical research, particularly in the areas of Sponsor: aerodynamics and fl ow control (for both airframe and gas turbine applications), and air safety management is a major activity at City and is supported by our world-class experimental and computational facilities and expertise. www.aerosociety.com/events For further information, please contact Gail Ward E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912

THE AIM OF THE CORPORATE MARTEC PARTNER St Augustine’s Business Park, Swalecliffe, Whitstable, Kent CT5 2QJ, UK SCHEME IS TO GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE E [email protected] BRING TOGETHER 15 Sackville Street, London W1S 3DJ, UK T +44 (0)20 7292 0000 W www.martec.solutions ORGANISATIONS Contact W www.gulfstream.com David Marsden, Engineering Manager TO PROMOTE Contact Trevor Esling FRAeS Regional Senior VP, International Sales Martec is a leading manufacturer of harsh BEST PRACTICE environment interconnects for aerospace, WITHIN THE Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, a wholly owned defence, sub sea & motorsport. Since 1987 INTERNATIONAL subsidiary of General Dynamics, designs, develops, Martec has provided innovative design, manufactures, markets, services and supports the development support and manufacturing AEROSPACE world’s most technologically advanced business- capability to aerospace projects, particularly in the SECTOR jet aircraft. Gulfstream has produced more than fi elds of high temperature and pressure hermetic 2,500 aircraft for customers around the world since sensor and systems packaging. We provide 1958. To meet the diverse transportation needs support to all stages of the project lifecycle, from of the future, Gulfstream offers a comprehensive concept through to qualifi cation, acceptance fl eet of aircraft, comprising the Gulfstream G280, and obsolescence management. Located in the Gulfstream G550, the Gulfstream G500, the Whitstable, Kent, we have been a member of the Gulfstream G600, the Gulfstream G650 and the Amphenol Group since March 2016. Gulfstream G650ER. Gulfstream also offers aircraft Contact: ownership services via Gulfstream Pre-Owned Simon Levy Aircraft Sales. We invite you to visit our website for Head of Business Development more information and photos at E [email protected] www.gulfstreamnews.com T +44 (0)20 7670 4346

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FELLOWS Edward Blundell Andrew Wenman Ian Beckett Bhavik Bhatt SOCIETY OFFICERS Abdulnasser Sayma Ian Simpson Darcy Belton President: Prof Chris Atkin Alan Epstein James Amor David Barry President-Elect: ACM Sir Stephen Dalton Alessandro Passerini James Cowell Davide Candela Allen Dickinson Jim McPartlin Elliott Fawcett BOARD CHAIRMEN Andrew White Jonathan Irving Hope Millar Arthur Roberts Joseph Palmer Peter Richards Learned Society Chairman: Ian Middleton Catherine Burton Ka Ho Piers Manson Membership Services Chairman: Christopher Price Kristian Farrugia Sian Yuan Cheang Dr Alisdair Wood David Hill Mark Goodwin Stephen Carter Professional Standards Chairman: Glenn Pascoe Michelangelo Monaldi Thuvahrakan Prof Jonathan Cooper Graham Stokes Michelle Robinson Susendralingam Ian Stothers Muhammad Anjum Unez Merchant DIVISION PRESIDENTS John Foxton Nashat Al-Ani Justin Bowman Neil Walker E-ASSOCIATES Australia: John Vincent Latheef Ahmed Nicholas Bojdo New Zealand: John MaciIree Neale Langdon Oyedele Oyekoya Aled Wile Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Paul D’Elia Paul Lodge Chad Hughes South African: Dr Glen Snedden Paul Dorahy Paulo Teixeira Lage Henry Mayne Paul Halpin Peter Lucas Ismail Saqib Paul Traub Rene Landers Kieran Wood Rajib Ghosh Richard Gort Philip Parr Robert Windsor Richard Grainger Tom Newstead WITH REGRET Russell Cummings Richard Lineveldt William Pape The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the Sarah Minett Ross Hobson following members: Stephen Green Rupa Haria AFFILIATES David Geoffrey Ainley Stephen Rolston Shien Wei Ooi CEng FRAeS 92 Stephen Rowley Sriram Bellamkonda Alexander Nabatchian Eric Aubrey CEng FRAeS 92 Stephen Wetton Stuart Duncan Alexander Walker Kirill Andrew Bolonkin CEng MRAeS 87 William Henry Thomas Axe Angelo Grubisic Zoe Gell Joseph Parker Martin Gregson Lambourne MRAeS 62 MEMBERS Karl Mills Dr Eric Harold Mansfi eld FREng FRAeS 93 Kevin Briggs ASSOCIATE Alan Barnes MEMBERS Mark Cairns Sarel Jacobus Stephanus Marais MRAeS 70 Allison Markey Ruvarashe Nyaruwata John Henry Roy Sadler FRAeS 77 Andrew Batty Callum McBryde Simon Eddings Andrew Fawkes Michael McIntosh Sambulo Matema George Robin Sleight MBE CEng FRAeS 79 Cal Lowey Baran Sahan Zhongyuan Wang Colin Torkington CEng FRAeS 80 Christopher Geiger Murry Pearce White CEng FRAeS 100 Daniel-Patrick Heatley ASSOCIATES STUDENT AFFILIATES Darwansjah Toligi David Morgan Alejandro Garcia Tuero Daniel Ball Dung Nguyen Andrew Newton Sukhraj Takhar

FIRST FLIGHT MARKER UNVEILED IN FARNBOROUGH

As part of its contribution to the 150th Anniversary celebrations the Farnborough Branch, in a joint project with the Farnborough Air Sciences Trust (FAST), has set in place a public memorial to mark the approximate take off point of the fi rst powered, heavier-than-air, controlled and sustained fl ight in UK, achieved by Samuel Cody in British Army Aeroplane No.1 on 16 October 1908. The memorial is in the form of a plaque, right, on a granite monolith. It was unveiled on 29 July 2016 by Tracey Curtis-Taylor, known for her global outreach fl ight in October 2015 in an open-cockpit biplane following the course of the Gipsy Moth fl own by Amy Johnson in 1930. The unveiling was attended by several members of the Cody family, as well as numerous local dignitaries and a large crowd of members of FAST and the RAeS Farnborough Branch.

56 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 Recent elections to Engineering Council Registration

ENGINEERING David McDermott David Best Mark Christopher Richard David Ponting TECHNICIANS Alexander James Kan Ming Chu Keeble Alexandra Samantha McEwen Michael Stephen Cox Bhupendra Khandelwal Claire Price Henry Ben Bowden Christopher James Martyn Donoghue Ilias Lappas Kiran Richard Sam Liam Parker Perkins Andrew James Fielder Wing Ho Horace Leung Ramsaroop Panagiotis Nicholas Christopher Benjamin Thomas Oliver Rhodes INCORPORATED ENGINEERS Theodoropoulos Mark Fox Littley John Rickard Gareth Thomas Laura Kate Frowen Andrew Mainwaring Andrew Joseph Rooney Stephen John Ashfi eld Peter James Turner Richard Bryden Goldie Oliver Mark Merrill Joao Miguel Santos Stuart David Barnes Matthew Weigh Alastair Richard Mahamud Bille Siddhartha Silverio Andrea Chiaranda Daniel Williams Goodwin Mohamed Santos Sancho Adam George Davies Robert Williams Luke Anthony Hamnett Bright Musulo Marco Schiavone Christopher Wayne Mathew William Simon John Harris Adrian Patrick Neve Mark Thomas Stockwell Eccleston Williams Frank Haselbach Edward Henry James Eszter Szigeti Jon-Christophe Flint Mark Wood Geoffrey Thomas Henry Nicholson Nicholas David Lewis Gribble Holt Kiranjit Kaur Nijindar Thornton CHARTERED Karl James Haycock ENGINEERS Joseph Peter Hudson Singh Gavin Wainwright Hussein Hijazi Jacqueline Louise Peter David Norman Scott L Wallis Daniel Holland Elizabeth Rose Bartlett Huish Ademola Ologunro Lihui Wang Jordan Alexander Lee Alasdhair James Adam Jacob Patricia Patilla Sanchez Fiona Louise Whitby Neil Loftus Beaton Richard D James Lisa J Peacocke

John Herschel Glenn Jr

1921-2016 Distinguished fi ghter pilot, the fi rst American to orbit the Earth and former US Senator, John Glenn passed away on 8 December 2016. Anti-clockwise from left: John Glenn enters the Mercury ‘Friendship 7’ capsule during prelaunch preparations. John Glenn in his Mercury spacesuit. Mercury-Atlas 6 lifts off on 20 February 1962 for the historic fl ight to put the fi rst American in orbit. Glenn returned to space aboard the space shuttle Discovery mission STS-95 in October 1998, seen here with mission Commander Curtis Brown, left, becoming the oldest man in space at the age of 77. John Glenn, left, and Apollo 11 lunar module pilot, Buzz Aldrin, shake hands before a memorial service celebrating the life of Neil Armstrong on 13 September 2012, at the Washington National Cathedral. All NASA.

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COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward FRAeS

Satellite imagery – the truth will out?

In any good investigatory trajectory, we should have up more weapons in the SALT agreements of the a clear idea of what happened, how it happened 1970s. HUMINT was no longer needed to check and perhaps who did it. The Dutch Safety Board compliance: ‘trust, but verify’ by ‘national means’ (ie last year reached stage two of their investigation satellites) was a slogan that worked. Imagery might of the downing of Malaysian Airlines MH17. The not tell you how many individual warheads each forensic details of the missile attack make for missile carried, but there was enough information to harrowing reading. The report is also very clear make agreements stick. It was also safer and more that the missile was launched from rebel occupied reliable than a U-2 spyplane. Ukraine, and satellite tracking shows that the As satellite imagery moved into the open arena, launch vehicle came from, and returned to, Russian journalists were quick to note that they too had territory. another very useful source on which to pin stories, The fact that the satellite data came from US especially about confl ict and other closed zones. sources, presumably a relatively high-resolution military asset, has led the Russian government to An academic colleague was also able to use this question the report’s credibility. While the Russian’s low-resolution imagery to track nuclear proliferation are becoming masters of muddying waters to suspects. It was at least good enough to point a avoid responsibility for the ruthlessness of their fi nger in the right direction. allies or their own mistakes, MH17 is much harder to explain away. Exactly who launched the Buk High-resolution photos add even more detail remains to be seen: the Dutch feel that they may be able to point an accurate fi nger at individuals in Since then, we now have readily and relatively their next report. cheaply available 1970’s ‘espionage-level’, The process of discovery underlines the commercially-derived pictures to monitor and importance of satellite imagery and the powerful illustrate world events and to reveal secret sites. tool it represents for even non-governmental Satellite imagery has exposed war crimes and, investigatory journalism and the general seeking more innocently, long-lost ancient cities. Google after truth. There is a caveat, if the data cannot Earth provides shots of our backyards – not yet be verifi ed – I am mindful here of potential in real time, thankfully heading off cries of “but manipulation of materials to infl uence allied you promised to cut the lawn?” These are all too behaviour and the US does have some history in taken for granted examples of aerospace-enabled this respect – there is still some room for abuse. services which would soon be missed if they were However, this has tended to be the dissemination THE PROCESS blocked by Solar storms or other shocks. of other satellite-generated intelligence; the wider It is the ubiquity of the material that is now taken OF DISCOVERY availability of high-resolution commercially available UNDERLINES THE imagery has enabled more objective sourcing and for granted; just as we are no longer thrilled by the IMPORTANCE testing of assertions. subtitle ‘live from New York by satellite’, recalling the OF SATELLITE awe of the fi rst Telstar transmissions. Today we also ‘Trust, but verify’ have the increasingly clichéd drone videos – and IMAGERY AND graphic they can be of a devastated city or accident. THE POWERFUL From the start of the satellite age, photos from But there is still something compelling about the TOOL IT space were vital in shaping the fi rst steps towards wide scope, high-resolution satellite view of Earth- REPRESENTS arms control – curbing the headlong rush to pile bound targets.

58 AEROSPACE / JANUARY 2017 UAS Conference

RPAS OPERATIONS IN THE HUMANITARIAN AEROSPACE COASTAL AND MARITIME ENVIRONMENT

LONDON / 16 FEBRUARY 2017 LONDON / 7 FEBRUARY 2017 This conference will This one day workshop will explore the potential for discuss the application of the development of military Unmanned Air Systems in and civil interoperability in the maritime environment humanitarian operations. including the latest developments in commercial, From the initial detection government and military and monitoring of developing operations. events to the establishment of long term airlifts, this event Please visit our website to will focus on the ways civilian view the programme and to and military air operations can register. work together in dealing with humanitarian relief missions, from start to finish. www.aerosociety.com/HumanitarianAero www.aerosociety.com/RPASMaritime

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