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RD-180—Or Bust?
RD-180—or By Autumn A. Arnett, Associate Editor As it stands, the US could sustain its Bust? manifest for two years with the current supply of RD-180 engines. But a new he United States’ sustained access he doesn’t really know what that R&D engine could take seven or more years to space is in question. Heavily amounts to, but said he is hopeful the to be operational, making LaPlante’s Treliant on the Russian-made En- partnership will mean a new engine on “$64 million question” a “hydra-headed ergomash RD-180 engine to power its the market soon. monster,” in the words of former AFSPC launches, US military space personnel “Three years of development is better Commander Gen. William L. Shelton. are looking for a replacement because than starting at ground zero,” Hyten said. “I don’t think we build the world’s best of the tense and uncertain status of “If we start at ground zero to build a rocket engine,” Shelton said last July. “I American and Russian relations. new engine in the hydrocarbon technology would love for us as a nation to regain the Funds are already being appropriated area we’re fi ve years away from produc- lead in liquid rocket propulsion.” for research and development of a new tion, roughly, maybe four, maybe six. Both LaPlante and Hyten are propo- engine, but Gen. John E. Hyten, com- The one thing you would have to do is nents of the United States continuing to mander of Air Force Space Command, spend the next year or two driving down fund research and development of a new considers the issue to be urgent. -
ULA Atlas V Launch to Feature Full Complement of Aerojet Rocketdyne Solid Rocket Boosters
April 13, 2018 ULA Atlas V Launch to Feature Full Complement of Aerojet Rocketdyne Solid Rocket Boosters SACRAMENTO, Calif., April 13, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The upcoming launch of the U.S. Air Force Space Command (AFSPC)-11 satellite aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, will benefit from just over 1.74 million pounds of added thrust from five AJ-60A solid rocket boosters supplied by Aerojet Rocketdyne. The mission marks the eighth flight of the Atlas V 551 configuration, the most powerful Atlas V variant that has flown to date. The Atlas V 551 configuration features a 5-meter payload fairing, five AJ-60As and a Centaur upper stage powered by a single Aerojet Rocket RL10C-1 engine. This configuration of the U.S. government workhorse launch vehicle is capable of delivering 8,900 kilograms of payload to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO), and also has been used to send scientific probes to explore Jupiter and Pluto. The Centaur upper stage also uses smaller Aerojet Rocketdyne thrusters for pitch, yaw and roll control, while both stages of the Atlas V employ pressurization vessels built by Aerojet Rocketdyne's ARDÉ subsidiary. "The Atlas V is able to perform a wide variety of missions for both government and commercial customers, and the AJ-60A is a major factor in that versatility," said Aerojet Rocketdyne CEO and President Eileen Drake. "Aerojet Rocketdyne developed the AJ-60A specifically for the Atlas V, delivering the first booster just 42 months after the contract award, which underscores our team's ability to design and deliver large solid rocket motors in support of our nation's strategic goals and efforts to explore our solar system." The flight of the 100th AJ-60A, the largest monolithically wound solid rocket booster ever flown, took place recently as part of a complement of four that helped an Atlas V 541 place the nation's newest weather satellite into GTO. -
Hunting Down Stars with Unusual Infrared Properties Using Supervised Machine Learning
. Magnificent beasts of the Milky Way: Hunting down stars with unusual infrared properties using supervised machine learning Julia Ahlvind1 Supervisor: Erik Zackrisson1 Subject reader: Eric Stempels1 Examiner: Andreas Korn1 Degree project E in Physics { Astronomy, 30 ECTS 1Department of Physics and Astronomy { Uppsala University June 22, 2021 Contents 1 Background 2 1.1 Introduction................................................2 2 Theory: Machine Learning 2 2.1 Supervised machine learning.......................................3 2.2 Classification...............................................3 2.3 Various models..............................................3 2.3.1 k-nearest neighbour (kNN)...................................3 2.3.2 Decision tree...........................................4 2.3.3 Support Vector Machine (SVM)................................4 2.3.4 Discriminant analysis......................................5 2.3.5 Ensemble.............................................6 2.4 Hyperparameter tuning.........................................6 2.5 Evaluation.................................................6 2.5.1 Confusion matrix.........................................6 2.5.2 Precision and classification accuracy..............................7 3 Theory: Astronomy 7 3.1 Dyson spheres...............................................8 3.2 Dust-enshrouded stars..........................................8 3.3 Gray Dust.................................................9 3.4 M-dwarf.................................................. 10 3.5 post-AGB -
Extremely Extended Dust Shells Around Evolved Intermediate Mass Stars: Probing Mass Loss Histories,Thermal Pulses and Stellar Evolution
EXTREMELY EXTENDED DUST SHELLS AROUND EVOLVED INTERMEDIATE MASS STARS: PROBING MASS LOSS HISTORIES,THERMAL PULSES AND STELLAR EVOLUTION A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by BASIL MENZI MCHUNU Dr. Angela K. Speck December 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled: EXTREMELY EXTENDED DUST SHELLS AROUND EVOLVED INTERMEDIATE MASS STARS PROBING MASS LOSS HISTORIES, THERMAL PULSES AND STELLAR EVOLUTION USING FAR-INFRARED IMAGING PHOTOMETRY presented by Basil Menzi Mchunu, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Angela K. Speck Dr. Sergei Kopeikin Dr. Adam Helfer Dr. Bahram Mashhoon Dr. Haskell Taub DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my family, who raised me to be the man I am today under challenging conditions: my grandfather Baba (Samuel Mpala Mchunu), my grandmother (Ma Magasa, Nonhlekiso Mchunu), my aunt Thembeni, and my mother, Nombso Betty Mchunu. I would especially like to thank my mother for all the courage she gave me, bringing me chocolate during my undergraduate days to show her love when she had little else to give, and giving her unending support when I was so far away from home in graduate school. She passed away, when I was so close to graduation. To her, I say, ′′Ulale kahle Macingwane.′′ I have done it with the help from your spirit and courage. I would also like to thank my wife, Heather Shawver, and our beautiful children, Rosemary and Brianna , for making me see life with a new meaning of hope and prosperity. -
LEO on the Cheap Methods for Achieving Drastic Reductions in Space Launch Costs
Research Report No. AU-ARI-93-8 LEO on the Cheap Methods for Achieving Drastic Reductions in Space Launch Costs JOHN R. LONDON III Lt Col, USAF ARI Command-Sponsored Research Fellow Air Force Materiel Command Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama October 1994 Disclaimer This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views ex- pressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared for public release. Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER ............................ ii FOREWORD ............................. xv ABOUTTHEAUTHOR ....................... xvii PREFACE .............................. xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................... xxi INTRODUCTION .......................... xxu Study Boundaries ......................... xxvii Some Definitions .......................... xxvii Notes ................................ xxviii 1 THE PROBLEM.. ......................... 1 Expensive Transportation with Broad Impacts ......... 1 Current Launch Vehicle Cost Range .............. 1 Unique Transportation Requirements ............. 2 Establishing the Cost per Launch of Expendables ....... 2 Establishing the Cost per Launch of the Shuttle ........ 2 Representative Vehicle Costs ................... 4 Pegasus ............................ -
6. Chemical-Nuclear Propulsion MAE 342 2016
2/12/20 Chemical/Nuclear Propulsion Space System Design, MAE 342, Princeton University Robert Stengel • Thermal rockets • Performance parameters • Propellants and propellant storage Copyright 2016 by Robert Stengel. All rights reserved. For educational use only. http://www.princeton.edu/~stengel/MAE342.html 1 1 Chemical (Thermal) Rockets • Liquid/Gas Propellant –Monopropellant • Cold gas • Catalytic decomposition –Bipropellant • Separate oxidizer and fuel • Hypergolic (spontaneous) • Solid Propellant ignition –Mixed oxidizer and fuel • External ignition –External ignition • Storage –Burn to completion – Ambient temperature and pressure • Hybrid Propellant – Cryogenic –Liquid oxidizer, solid fuel – Pressurized tank –Throttlable –Throttlable –Start/stop cycling –Start/stop cycling 2 2 1 2/12/20 Cold Gas Thruster (used with inert gas) Moog Divert/Attitude Thruster and Valve 3 3 Monopropellant Hydrazine Thruster Aerojet Rocketdyne • Catalytic decomposition produces thrust • Reliable • Low performance • Toxic 4 4 2 2/12/20 Bi-Propellant Rocket Motor Thrust / Motor Weight ~ 70:1 5 5 Hypergolic, Storable Liquid- Propellant Thruster Titan 2 • Spontaneous combustion • Reliable • Corrosive, toxic 6 6 3 2/12/20 Pressure-Fed and Turbopump Engine Cycles Pressure-Fed Gas-Generator Rocket Rocket Cycle Cycle, with Nozzle Cooling 7 7 Staged Combustion Engine Cycles Staged Combustion Full-Flow Staged Rocket Cycle Combustion Rocket Cycle 8 8 4 2/12/20 German V-2 Rocket Motor, Fuel Injectors, and Turbopump 9 9 Combustion Chamber Injectors 10 10 5 2/12/20 -
Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z
Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 1/12 Página: 1 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z (The Aerospace En- gines, A-Z) Versión 12 2018 por Ricardo Miguel Vidal * * * -MOTOR: Máquina que transforma en movimiento la energía que recibe. (sea química, eléctrica, vapor...) Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 1/12 Página: 2 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Presentación de la edición 2018-V12 (Incluye todas las anteriores versiones y sus Apéndices) La edición 2003 era una publicación en partes que se archiva en Binders por el propio lector (2,3,4 anillas, etc), anchos o estrechos y del color que desease durante el acopio parcial de la edición. Se entregaba por grupos de hojas impresas a una cara (edición 2003), a incluir en los Binders (archivadores). Cada hoja era sustituíble en el futuro si aparecía una nueva misma hoja ampliada o corregida. Este sistema de anillas admitia nuevas páginas con información adicional. Una hoja con adhesivos para portada y lomo identifi caba cada volumen provisional. Las tapas defi nitivas fueron metálicas, y se entregaraban con el 4 º volumen. O con la publicación completa desde el año 2005 en adelante. -Las Publicaciones -parcial y completa- están protegidas legalmente y mediante un sello de tinta especial color VERDE se identifi can los originales. -
Astrometrically Registered Maps of H2O and Sio Masers Toward VX Sagittarii
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04767-8 OPEN Astrometrically registered maps of H2O and SiO masers toward VX Sagittarii Dong-Hwan Yoon1,2, Se-Hyung Cho2,3, Youngjoo Yun2, Yoon Kyung Choi2, Richard Dodson4, María Rioja4,5, Jaeheon Kim6, Hiroshi Imai7, Dongjin Kim3, Haneul Yang1,2 & Do-Young Byun2 The supergiant VX Sagittarii is a strong emitter of both H2O and SiO masers. However, previous VLBI observations have been performed separately, which makes it difficult to 1234567890():,; spatially trace the outward transfer of the material consecutively. Here we present the astrometrically registered, simultaneous maps of 22.2 GHz H2O and 43.1/42.8/86.2/129.3 GHz SiO masers toward VX Sagittarii. The H2O masers detected above the dust-forming layers have an asymmetric distribution. The multi-transition SiO masers are nearly circular ring, suggesting spherically symmetric wind within a few stellar radii. These results provide the clear evidence that the asymmetry in the outflow is enhanced after the smaller molecular gas clump transform into the inhomogeneous dust layers. The 129.3 GHz maser arises from the outermost region compared to that of 43.1/42.8/86.2 GHz SiO masers. The ring size of the 129.3 GHz maser is maximized around the optical maximum, suggesting that radiative pumping is dominant. 1 Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea. 2 Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Korea. 3 Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. -
Aerojet Marks 70 Years Serving the Warfighter and Powering Exploration
March 19, 2012 Aerojet Marks 70 Years Serving the Warfighter and Powering Exploration SACRAMENTO, Calif., March 19, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Aerojet, a GenCorp (NYSE:GY) company, announced its 70th anniversary today, marking the March 19, 1942 founding of Aerojet Engineering Corporation by world-renowned aerodynamicist Dr. Theodore von Kármán and five California Institute of Technology colleagues. These rocket pioneers leveraged their ingenuity and shared passion for rocketry to create a company that today has powered some of the nation's most critical defense and exploration missions. Launching as a single-product company, Aerojet manufactured critical Jet Assisted Take Off (JATO) propulsion, which led to increased allied pilot safety by enabling heavily laden aircraft to take off from short runways and carrier decks. Following the allied forces' victory in WWII, Aerojet's production efforts turned to the development of solid rocket propellant motors for the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Minuteman, as well as solid rocket motors for the two-stage submarine- launched ballistic missile, Polaris. Aerojet also began work on the Titan program. The company ultimately spent the next 50 years producing liquid rocket engines for the entire Titan launcher family: Titan I, Titan II, Titan III and Titan IV. Space Exploration and Defending Freedom With the launch of the space race in the 1960s, Aerojet's propulsion expertise powered the nation's early exploration accomplishments. In 1966, three of every four rockets launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla. were powered by Aerojet propulsion systems. Following the two-man missions of Gemini, Aerojet's Service Propulsion System placed Apollo astronauts in orbit around the moon and brought them home again. -
CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility
ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE www.csiro.au CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2014 CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility Annual Report 2014 ISSN 1038-9554 This is the report of the CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility for the calendar year 2014, approved by the Australia Telescope Steering Committee. Editor: Helen Sim Designer: Angela Finney, Art when you need it Cover image: An antenna of the Australia Telescope Compact Array. Credit: Michael Gal Inner cover image: Children and a teacher from the Pia Wadjarri Remote Community School, visiting CSIRO's Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in 2014. Credit: CSIRO ii CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility – Annual Report 2014 Contents Director’s Report 2 Chair’s Report 4 The ATNF in Brief 5 Performance Indicators 17 Science Highlights 23 Operations 35 Observatory and Project Reports 43 Management Team 53 Appendices 55 A: Committee membership 56 B: Financial summary 59 C: Staff list 60 D: Observing programs 65 E: PhD students 73 F: PhD theses 74 G: Publications 75 H: Abbreviations 84 1 Director’s Report Credit: Wheeler Studios Wheeler Credit: This year has seen some very positive an excellent scorecard from the Australia Dr Lewis Ball, Director, Australia results achieved by the ATNF staff, as well Telescope Users Committee. Telescope National Facility as some significant challenges. We opened We began reducing CSIRO expenditure a new office in the Australian Resources on the Mopra telescope some five years Research Centre building in Perth, installed ago. This year’s funding cut pushed us to phased-array feeds (PAFs) on antennas of take the final step along this path, and we our Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP), and will no longer support Mopra operations collected data with a PAF-equipped array for using CSIRO funds after the end of the 2015 the first time ever in the world. -
AU25: 2, 3, 4.. 50 Estrellas
ars universalis 2, 3, 4… 50 ESTRELLAS Vexilología (II): arte y ciencia de las banderas, pendones y estandartes. De arriba a abajo y de izquierda a derecha, banderas de Australia, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Burundi, Cabo Verde, China (primera columna), Dominica, Guinea Ecuatorial, Granada, Honduras, Micronesia (segunda columna), Nueva Zelanda, Panamá, Papúa Nueva Guinea, San Cristóbal y Nieves, Samoa (tercera columna), Santo Tomé y Príncipe, Eslovenia, Islas Salomón, Siria, Tayikistán (cuarta columna), Tuvalu, Estados Unidos de América y Venezuela (quinta columna). (Cortesía del autor) ste segundo artículo de Nueva Guinea, Samoa y las Islas tralia, Nueva Zelanda, Papúa la serie astrovexilológi- Salomón. Seis las de Australia y Nueva Guinea y Samoa. Las cua- ca está dedicado a veinti- Guinea Ecuatorial (en el escudo tro estrellas en la bandera de trés banderas con dos o de armas). Siete las de Grana- Nueva Zelanda son rojas y file- E 01+02 más estrellas. Dos mullets tienen da y Tayikistán (una estrella so- teadas en blanco: Ácrux ( las banderas de Panamá, San bre cada una de las siete monta- Crucis, B0.5 IV+B1 V, V = 0,76 Cristóbal y Nieves (Saint Kitts ñas con jardines de orquídeas). mag.), Mimosa ( Crucis, 훼B1 IV, and Nevis), Santo Tomé y Prín- Ocho las de Bosnia y Herzego- V = 1,25 mag.), Gacrux ( Cru- cipe y Siria, que representan los vina (en realidad, siete estrellas cis, M3.5 III, V = 훽1,64 mag.) e partidos conservadores y los li- enteras y dos medias, en una su- Imai ( Crucis, B2 IV, V =훾 2,79 berales, dos parejas de islas y la cesión supuestamente infinita; mag.). -
Taking the Measure of the Universe: Precision Astrometry with SIM
Accepted for publication in PASP, January 2008 issue A Preprint typeset using LTEX style emulateapj v. 08/22/09 TAKING THE MEASURE OF THE UNIVERSE: PRECISION ASTROMETRY WITH SIM PLANETQUEST Stephen C. Unwin1, Michael Shao2, Angelle M. Tanner2, Ronald J. Allen3, Charles A. Beichman4, David Boboltz5, Joseph H. Catanzarite2, Brian C. Chaboyer6, David R. Ciardi4, Stephen J. Edberg2, Alan L. Fey5, Debra A. Fischer7, Christopher R. Gelino8, Andrew P. Gould9, Carl Grillmair8, Todd J. Henry10, Kathryn V. Johnston11,12, Kenneth J. Johnston5, Dayton L. Jones2, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni4, Nicholas M. Law4, Steven R. Majewski13, Valeri V. Makarov2, Geoffrey W. Marcy14, David L. Meier2, Rob P. Olling15, Xiaopei Pan2, Richard J. Patterson13, Jo Eliza Pitesky2, Andreas Quirrenbach16, Stuart B. Shaklan2, Edward J. Shaya15, Louis E. Strigari17, John A. Tomsick18,19, Ann E. Wehrle20, and Guy Worthey21 Accepted for publication in PASP, January 2008 issue ABSTRACT Precision astrometry at microarcsecond accuracy has application to a wide range of astrophysical problems. This paper is a study of the science questions that can be addressed using an instrument with flexible scheduling that delivers parallaxes at about 4 microarcsec (µas) on targets as faint as V = 20, and differential accuracy of 0.6 µas on bright targets. The science topics are drawn primarily from the Team Key Projects, selected in 2000, for the Space Interferometry Mission PlanetQuest (SIM PlanetQuest). We use the capabilities of this mission to illustrate the importance of the next level of astrometric precision in modern astrophysics. SIM PlanetQuest is currently in the detailed design phase, having completed in 2005 all of the enabling technologies needed for the flight instrument.