D.R.F.N. ,-ill;~!'LL__ REFERENCE'_S:l _ liBRARY '-WJi.."'-- _
"
Or~ Re~erve5 Jept. \- I 8Di'1 :;f;:y) Lcd Be:·: ":,5::'
o ,-'.8..-. V 2'":.,~:.G I 1)''/3
Abstract
:-7:' t ! i. - ".
chsc::·~-list is appended. Due to under~ollec:ting, this list
o-!S'U Id '~:-:P E: -.::;: tC:Jccur :c.r1 the
I;: trcd'..lct i'::!!1
During research work on the vegetation of the Sperrg~biet carried
out between 1978 and 1994 lichen species were collected and sen t to the British Museum of Natural History, London (8M) and to the
Botanical Research Institut.e (presently the National Botan 1C
Institute) :111 Pretoria (PRE). This preliminary check-list has
been drawn up from these gatherings.
According to Wessels 1992 (unpublished paper on aspects of
"Sperrgebiet" 1ichens .1, approximately 13500 lichen species
J ',,:t1:i:1 60C 6.50
~'.
-~'--._---~
" s~ries of b~seline studies commissioned by COX (Pty)Ltd with a
Vl~~1 t,c cf h S;::e~-rg~b_i2:.
2_ c:
the sou thern portion of the Namib Desert. It lS roughly rect~~gular in sh~pe with ~ north-south length ,)f about 250 km and east-west width fr~m 7.5 to 55 km. is a short spur ai?proximately 65 km long running up the coast rlorthwards from Li.id~ritz. The Spercg~tiet falls wi th::'rlthe west C:Qast winter rainfall zone but with certain areas on the eastern border
falling in the intermediate zone between winter and summer rainfall. The area is administered jointly by CDM (Pty) Ltd and the Ministry of Conservation and Tourism. Entry is by permit issued by COM and the Diamond Branch of the Namibian Police.
Distribution
The distribution of the lichen flora is directly related to
6 <.::li!!lCltic e:-:iste~'1(;e of Hind-sa.::d
t.he CO:lst e:sti7!2ted .,:r, :.:::;
tGW~rjs a low ~~e2s~~e zone si~uatej mainly ~o ~he east and north-east oz the
over the Pomona area (specifically th.& Idatal - pel'S. camm. Dr. ~. .. Lnese Wl~as J ong shc,r"·
'=urrent to car~y northwards. S~ild deposited by the Orange
beaches lS then blown over the whole Sperrgebiet !<1i th the
strongest concentrations movi~g In through wind corridors.
The all'. movemer. "'- fogs which clothe the whole Sperrgebiet but are most effective close to the C03.st and on the summits of inselbergs. These fogs are very dense in winter. The published rainfall pattern of the Sperrgebiet
predicts an average rainfall of 11-88 mm 90 per cent of the time
in the southern two-thirds and 3 - 38 mm in the northern third.
The lower density and biodiversity of the vegetation towards the north is reflected in this graded pattern of rainfall., 2) Geomorphology The land grades in steps from the west coast to the eastern border comprising sand gravel-pebbly plains with a mosalC of moving sand-dunes, permanent dunes and
7 inselber&s of varying heigh~_ The main inlet w~nd c:rri~ars f:"~~
li2 1;.1ittir: the '~onfines c:
3)
;-.:; "C" . .:. ~ =- ;;cst severe sand m0ve::e~~s. The Beng~el~------fr,gs ar~ ~ore 0ffec~~v0 1~~~ __ close to the coast and allow for the highest .I.~'-L~v1~ h~ndiversity'-'~ .. a~d density in this S~errgebiet ~Qne. these cool. ~isty c0n~~~io~stu~ a:-e a·::iverse:l:l a:f:::,:t.ed by
of the inlet wind corridors. A high density of species also exists up to the 300 m contou~ especially south of the Klinghardt mountain barrier. Beyond the 300 m contour lichens are ~ainly restricted to the inselbergs with the density of species dwindling towards the no;:-th-east. corner whe~e the fogs are least effective. This area carries a flora related to the zone grading into the summer rainfall regime.
All the factors above affect the biodiversity and density of the vegetation in general (Williamson in press) . Since the
~existing vegetation forms an important substrate f'or lichen species it follows that the existence of much of the lichen flora is directly reflected in the existence of plant hosts.
8 Ncte~ on Habitat and Species
h~3.~ :::.nd (;C Id . :)W nu~rien~ 3vailabilicy and dry~ng out i~
Th~ various ~d~f~:ve ~odifications
all~ws :or ~~~ ~ti~ity of nu~erous different subst~ates.
Almos~ th~ only SG~r~e ~~ moist!2~e is derived frc~ At:antic fo~s.
=-:J3
"SPF: :.~rgebit: t" lichsn::: "; the ~-1orld'3 flor2. is subdivided into two g~oups viz. epilitb,~ which comprise species that groN on the surface of a sutstrate ~nd e~d01~thi8 covering
Bo~h groups OCCQr within the study 3.1'e2..
The Sperrgebiet lichen communities can be divided into:-
1. Corticolous - that 18 lichens growing on the bark of perennial plants. These species occur in 311 zones but are obviously more frequent where suitable plant hosts occur with sufficient perennial bark su~face area ( Stem or stem-leaf succulents) . Dense plant host communities also reflect the higher moisture availability.
The texture (smoothness) , the presence of the dead, superficial layer of dried bark and the chemical composition of the epidermis seems to be important for establishment, of lichen colonies.
1.1 Throughout the vegetation zone below the 150 m contour from the Orange River mouth to Luderitz where there is suitable
9 ~G;og~a;hy deflests sa~d}, the follc~i~g ~:~nt2 s~e the main
..------.OSt3 - Othoiln3 fU~'2ata Ljnd:.; Druce .
....~..,J..- . , V~~i0US Ai~csc~3eJ Salsola nolioth6!lSis Aeelien. a:td ve::y
occas~ona:ly ce~tain ~~se~bryan~hema and Pcel'clnis. g'labJ:'ata L.F.
Fur-the: not,th, stilJ. bel-)!'1 t~e 150 m co:'""!tc:..:.:.~, from about -hos:.s Pel ar,s'on iu:n P. ca:nC3:.Jl!1 SarcocaLll on
patersonii (DC.) G. Don. , Zygophyllum procumbens Adamson, z.
S9P· . Ellphorbia ve:rucu10s~ ~!.~.2r BroJ-.il1:3.l?thus :rJ:.?:.~lothii (Pax)
nn.'nibensis 33.120.1."3. :::eyher i
r!"1oq.
Common lichen species occurring the zone comprise the
following - Xanthoris. flammea (L.F.) Hillm., x. tUl'binata
Vain .. Teloschistes capensis (L.F.) Vain. T. chryophthalmus
(L.) Th.Fr., Parmelia (Xanthomaculina) hottentotta (Ach.) Ach.,
RQ~a7~n~ o~n~n-is 1'h j;'- .~ ••• , ~ J.. • Species included in the following genera also occur Carbonea, Buellia, Lecidea and Physcia. Due to
the diminished moisture precipitation and the presence of strong wind-sand corridors, corticolous lichens almost disappear from the area from about 10 km north of Bogenfels to Elizabeth Bay .
Just north of Elizabeth Bay within the fog zone, large dense fields of lichens reappear.
1.2 Due to the continued presence of the fogs corticolous lichens are also similar in composition and common in the zone
10 -150 m to 300 ill but the host profile differs slightly due to the ZY6cphyl1um pri3m~tocarpu~ S. Hey. ex Sand ..
Othonn:..z r.D;.~.) Sch.
r.,~. , r: Den. " :..1'-_., ...... leget.G.tion with
S31so13 spp. oc~urrir.g. These plants are ?he ffiubile sands are less frequent and thus
p~o~ected depressicns have co~sider2b:e cove~ of 2. Lehen 3i='P. to
1 _ _ _ ...:..l;.;/!;:;_ 0f '.:~curr ing. The doxi:12.:n:s in these ::one3 are Tc>l c·sc f: i s tes c h r v:.7oh t hall!Jus.
(1.) Th. Fr. ,Xanthoria flammea (L.F.) Hillm .• X. turbinata Vain. and T'310schi~tes C3P~:1Sis (L.? Vsi.n. L:n'g~ :ields
west of BoegoeberJ 3~j south of Cham~i2 gate.
::"icher: :.~. ~:.h~ .::on2 D0:"th of the Klinghardt mountain barrier where the fog effectiveness is lower
and the sand corridors feeding in from Chameisbucht and North
Rock still have a severe effect well past Grillental.
1.3 Corticolous lichens are well represented on the high
inselbergs of Klinghardt mtns. (Sargdecke 1), Boegoeberg,
Aurusberge, Schakalsberg, Obibberge, Gomtsawib and Skilpadberg
(close to Oranjemund). On many of the inselbergs, tall Aloe ramosissima is a very important host with up to 6 lichen species occurring on stems and branches. The width of the stem and the protection afforded gives maximum opportunity for lichen growth. On the inselbergs the yariety of tall plants coupled with high • fog precipitation allows for prolific growth. The lichen profile is very similar to the coastal species with several extra
11
..'~ : OCC'...lrrences, Vl::. Ramalina dll1'iaei (de Not.) Bag!., R.
melanoth:'ix Laur. ex Nyl, R. ce13stri (Sprengl
Due tc ~hc harst Spe=rgebiet environment 1D ~l~ the vegetation
~Gnes there are dead p~ants. Several of the dominant live hosts e.g. Othonna furcat3 IL:ndley) Dr'Jce and ,41Je: I·3.:nosissima do not
~hey die but 5alsola.
Z,vg'opl.yl1uJ!J. Sal'col.:[]ulan, Pel:1.1':]·on ium and P.I'o:S.sp.'1I'ag·us spp. do and thus host large colonies of lichen species similar to the profile that occurs on live plant:]. whi~h occur mainly en dead wood: R3m31in3 lace1':!.
':"'aund. N~te~Jd~r~n n~a3q!]3i73 Bruss2, Xanthoria turbinata V~in.,
Buellia sp. and Combea mollusca (Ach.) Nyl.(which is a rock- loving species) - These are nIl coastal species. An enormous community of lignocolous lichens occurs from about 62 km to 76 km north of Oranjemund and about 3 - 4 km wide. In this unique area the mair. host is Salsola spp. with Protaspal'ag'us ctlpensis.
The landscape is coloured orange main ly by Xan thor ia tin'binata,
Interspersed in this habitat are live plants hosting numerous corticolous species. These communities lie in the wind corridor above Wolwekop and due to the strong winds and sand movement there are no terricolous lichens although Teloschistes' capensis and Ramalina capensis grow on plant hosts. This lichen Zone is very interesting indeed as the lichens depend on dead substrate and thus the original live Salsola community must have been
12 exteI1SlVC. The reason for their demise ~s not clea= since
it i3 chese lichen conmu~:ties could hav8
--:"1 \ Sa~:ico~ous - l:~hens adapted to reeky s~bstrate2. - ) , These cclonies ~y ~irtue ~f their habitat requi:-e:nents are the most stable 3nd possib~y ~he oldest communi::os in
A=pe·:ts .:..1~hej1:3).... !...-I. • .
zenes with high species density and biodiversity related to the
This precipitQti~n is affected by the prevlously menti)~ed wind-sand corridors, di3~a~ce from the
The ZLn8 wtlich rec8i~es high level of fog even up to some distance from the sea is the lower
~range River area. The Orange valley, with the river, provides a passage corridor with the fog moving north-eastward to condense on the Skilpadberg, Schackalsberg, Gomtsawib and Obibberge. ~igh
~er:sity lichen com~u~ities Occur on these peaks_ Further inselbergs with dense colonies of saxicolous species are
Boegoeberg, Sargdeckel, Heioab, Aurusberge and Rooiberg. The northern inselbergs of Tsaus, Kuckaus, Tsaukhaib also have colonies but with low density and biodiversity due to the lessened fog precipitation. Coastal outcrops are c~rpeted in saxicolous lichens.
The saxicolous lichens can be divided into the following groups (according to Wessels 1993 - unpublished paper in Aspects
13 lichens) - leprose species ~i:h :halli with a
:::'::'L:stose species with ~~.=tl1i_ .._~~-, folios6
thalli S;'SC :12.:; :.;i th a shrubby
sa~ic~l0c3 species ~epresenc very under~ete~mined communities
;~ssib:y due ~0 the difficulcy of collecting.
In the coastal zone z·ock outc~ap3 host de~se cc:cnies of the
C:::]opls.c3. cerina (Ehrh. a:-. H.=::i:.;.) Th Fr., c. 2udox.2 }1iill. Arg. C. speCles. Lecanor3 th~2~i~3 (Ach.) Ach.,
Par!llelia lecanoracea Mull. Arg. pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl,
S:J..'1tessonia. he1:"eroen:2is (Vain) Follm. and :ne.:.c-:::rs of the following genera -.11ectori3. Buelli3. anc R:J.JtJali:-::8.
(including high inselbergs) the following spec~es have been collected ~carospora belln (Nyl.) J~cta. A. spp. ,
Teloschistes puber (Ach.) Almb .. Caloplaca sublobulata (Nyl.)
Zahlbr. , Diploschistes actinostolflus (Ach.) Zahlbr., Tephrolflela atra (Huds.) Haffeln, Toninia sp., Parmelia chalybaeizans
(Stnr.& Zahlbr.) Gyeln., P. euneta Stirt., P. lecanoracea MUll.
Arg. , P. melancholica Stnr. & Zahlbr., P. soredians Nyl., P. hottentotta (Ach.) Ach., Peltula africana (Jatta) Swinsc. & Krog,
Sunal issa austroafri cana Zahlbr. and Tephromela atra (Huds.) Haffeln. Several coastal genera occur further inland as far as the eastern Sperrgebiet mountains but several genera and species from these furthest habitats do not occur within the coastal zone. A typical feature of the rock outcrop lichen flora
14 2"r:d
t3nd to deflate as ~he Sl:pporti.~g sa~d 12 moved. forming tight pavements (usually CC~si3ting of quartz). Due to deflation the
areas are protected ~~d free of loose sand movement. The pebbles usually lie above a th:r. crust. These a=eas are situated mainly i::! the high feg 150 - 3CJ :J CC!}tour ~one and are found south of
Cha:n·;':'s.to'rl2.rd s the cGast south of LUderitz and north of Oranjemund. Typical species occurring are:- Caloplaca eleg'antissima (Nyl.) Zahlbr .. C. na~ibensis Karnef. Parmelia drege"na (Hamp", ex Ny 1.) Ess 1. , P. melancholies (Stnr. & Zahlbr.) . P. W8.1tel'j Knox and P. (#eofuscelia.) namaensis Stnr. & Zahlbr.
An interesting feature of these pebble communities is that translucent quartz pebbles (large and small) allow a certain amount of light to pass through. The quick cooling of the pebbles at night attract ~igh precipitation from the atmosphere and thus at the ground contact and below the pebbles OCcur colonies of 2reen cyanobacterial and algae communities. This t phenomenon I:"'~ __ <-J"":I I...UlI.tJI1UfJJ.L.l.es f
15 •I · .
examined in the Sperrgebiet anc! also !.2nder tranlucE:nt netanorp~0sed calciu~ carbona~e rocks.
Terricolcus - liQhens adapted soil basEd • scbstr'J.te. The~e lichD~= only est~tli3t co:c~:es on stabilised
crusted soils where there is no sand movement. Occasionally the soils also have a matrix of s~nd pebbles and are often situated
in dEpressions. Sou~t-western windward hi:l slop~s facing sand-
ro~ky aress situated within :og corridors often host
colonies of' plant species. These ;:lants aid 1n
stabilising the slopes and offer protection. There is often a mosaic of lichens growing 011 st~biliS3d 3a~d su~s:=ate between
;;>l3.nts. T:3:'o~chist::..,s ::3pensis CL.F,) R:.1i!J31ina.~ '-;f!.3'::;'!3.E.j.3 Th.~:r: 0._,_.:..' _:.~.:=:r: tl-i":-;:;':- (:::'n,:liticn~. Close to Elizabeth Bay. in crusted depressi~ns, miniature orange ){a.ntho:r'ia flal!ll!1ea
(L.F.) Hillm. occurs in dense carpets. F~H·.'!leli:3. ~.li3.1te!'i Knox 3.ncl Caloplaca namibensis Kirnef also occur under these
conditions. ~vessels 1983 ( in Aspects of "Sperrgebiet" lichens) records that Caloplaca volkii Wirth & Vezda and Lecidella
cristallina Wirth & Vezda grow vigorously in this type of
habitat north of LUderitz. Psora deoipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm., distributed in the most arfd south-east Sperrgebiet, only Occurs
as a terricolous l·ichen growing between rocks in open places. On
the guano islands Catapyrenium laohneum (Ach) R. Santo occurs.
Parmelia (Xanthomaoulina) hottentotta (Ach.) Ach. var.
oonvoluta (Hue) Brusse has no host~ is free, ranging and moves with the wind. This lichen has been recorded from stabilised
16
..', s2r.dy-pebbly plains 12 km ar.d 18 km west 0: the 8oegoeberg. 5; Maritime and Ma~i~c _
tee~ =esearched in the Spe~rge~iet. One =pecie.s Cc:n:-c,J 1!1011usca (Ach.) Nyl. is ~0nsidered maritime occ~rri~g on rocks close to th~ sea. This licher. also grows on waoe In the ghost town of Elizabeth Bay.
D':scussior.
Lichen collectior.s from the Sperrgetiet 2re few. The
gatherings for the appended check-list were collected between 1978 - 1994. The first collec~io~s we~e sent to Dr. 0 .James at the British Museum (N9tural Hi5tQry~ (Bin; all sucsequent gatherings were ~~~~ to Hr. F. Brusse 3.t NET (P RE ) . Only one other collection exists, that of Prof. Dr. N. Jurgens, probably housed in Hamburg, Germany. These collections are few with only some determined to species level and a number not named even at generic level.
The prime reason for undercollecting is the inhospitable terrain (4 X 4 vehicles are necessary) and the cost. Luderitz and the surrounding bays have been accessible, even in the last century, thus some collections have been made from this area. There are three lichens which, as far as presently known, are endemic to the environs of Llideritz viz.Santessonia namibensis
(Vain) Follm., Parmelia lUderitziana (Hale) Brusse and Parmelia namaensis Stnr.& Zahlbr.
17 Revegetation of lichen commun:ties
s~ver~l Gbservatio~s eight be of interest. ~ithi~ :hc town of
Cran.jemund Xantho!'':'a ;,a:i=ti.'7a (L) Th.Fr. grc,·;spr.)lifically on
th0 bark of mature Cape olive trees (Olea capensis L.) and also on old Hooden fences. The fenced wood is usually so~ked in creosote so the l~~~ens take a numter of Y~a~2 t~ est2blish.
0f tte Jrange River
longifolia (Andr.) Willd.- an exotic). From mature trees ten lich~n 0/ _ :'" . expec&ed in the Namib).
(L r, . - . Eil.l:n. 2nd X. psrietina (~.) Th. Fr . poles. All these lichen speCles normally depend on the veget2tion profile. Thus it Hould seem th:lt tho, corticololls and l~nocolous lichen communities would -regene"r'ate in several decades according to the re-establishment of the vegetation. The maritime species Combea mollusca (Ach) Nyl. grows prolifically on Hood at Elizabeth Bay. These houses have been derelict since about 1950 but the loss of roofs and the opening of the wooden buildings must have taken place much later. Thus it would seem that this species would also re-establish within several decades. "'
Saxicolous and terricolous communities might present more difficulties due to the highly specialised substrates they survive on. Replication of the substrate would not be as simple
18 as revegetation. Lange (1990) working on Caloplao-" atu'antia in the Central Negev Desert. calcUlated that thallii ~it~ a diameter
of 100 rom were about 135 years old and the largest 500 years old.
This research te~ds to prove the stability of the substrate for
that period of time. In contrast the vegetation profile undergoes constant change.
Almost the whole Sperrgebiet is at present In pr ist ine condition but major damage has taken place in Mining Area No. I. In this area corticolous and lignicolous lichen spp. in tr:e coastal hummock zone have been destroyed from several kilometres n0rth of the Orange River mouth to AffenrUcken. taking place in Damage is also the Prohibited Diamond Area in the environs of Eli::abetb Bay. This rocky coastline is presently exploited by individuals with contracts from CDM (Pty) Ltd. to mine the coastal marine diamond deposits. In this area. corticolous and saxicolous• lichens are extremely damaged .
Since the Sperrgebiet has been to date a completely closed area except for employees of CDM and the Dept. of Nature Conservation and Tourism and bona fide scientists, the need for control has been minimal.
A short tourist route has been Opened up between Kolmanskop and Bogenfels. CDM has published two gUides, one of which has a page of colour illustrations of common lichen species.
The appended check-list contains information from three 19 ,
" J source.s 1) From Prof'. Dr. ~arked with their
list F~0m ~ ~apc~ by Jr. Prof. D. ;:e6se16 - these s~ecies are marked D.~. and University of the Clo:::-th. These s~ecies have been taken from an unpublished paper _ Aspects of the "Spe:-rgebiet" lichens. 3) FrG~ co:lec~ions made :-y the authcr. A::' s~:.ecies are housed in e:-:e:ept spec ies annotated with a nunbar and (8M) which were sent ~o Jr. P. James, History~ Museum of National London. The s~ecies are listed alphabetically and all h2ve collection locality data.
20 J Acknowledgements I would like to thank the General manage~ and
Secu~ity Superin~enden~ COH (Pty) Ltd Oranjemund, ~or permission to ~ork in the Sperrgebie~ and especially allowing me to colle(;~ and remove specimen from Hining Area No. I. I would also like to acknowledge the contr~butions made by Hr.
and the staff of the Ore Reserves Dep~. :DH (fey, L=d., Hr. L. du Plessis produced ~he :~~p.
~ithout the help of Dr. P. Jawes of the British Museum (National History). Lon~on (8N) and especially Mr. F. Brusse of NBI, Pretoria (PRE), I would not have obtained any lichen determinations. Hr. Brusse has tirelessly sorted and named my collections since le78. He also tutored and advised on lichen collecting in general.
I am also foremost grateful to my wife for patience during collecting expeditions under harsh conditions and for typing the manuscript.
References and Bibliography
To date no bibliography pertaining directly to the
21
I S~errgebiet exists except for the surroundings o~ LGderit=.
Prof. D.C.J. Wes~els, 1883. In his ~~published p~psr -_Aspecti ~~
lichens has prodcced a Bibliography of References listing over 80 publications. Only four are referrable to the S~errgebiet and all cover the areas north and south cf. LUderitz. The only literature pertaining to the lichens of the Namib desert refer specifically to the Central l-Tamib.
BRUSSE F. 1936. In Bothala 16: 56 - 58.
1982. In 80thalia 22: 183 - 197. E~SLINGER. T.L. 1886. Further reports on the brown Pa=meliac~ae of Southern Aft"lea. Nord. J. Sst. 6: 37-81.
HALE, H.E. 1988. New combinations on the lichen genus
....(::tnthoparmeli::l (AsCOlll}/Catina: Parmeliaceae).
Mycotaxon 35: 177 - 193.
HALE, M.E. and VOBIS, G. 1972. Santessonia. a new lichen genus
fro~-South West Africa. Afr. Bot. Notiser 13:: 313 - 339.
JURGENS, N. and NIEBEL, A. 1991. The unknown lichen hill, Veld and Flora 77: 24 - 26 . • LANGE, O.L. 1990. Twenty-three years of growth measurements on
the crustose lichen Caloplaca Burantia in the Central Negev
Desert. Isr. J. Bot. 39: 383 - 394.
WILLIAMSON, G. 1994. Kolmanskop to Elizabeth.Bay~ A CDM guide. CDM (Pty) Ltd, Oranjemund.
22
, ~J A. chlorophana (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Massal 2787 (3X) ~alenberg
. c .:'1. C.1.. sincpica N.J.9 Hamburg S.E. Corner
~~.2ac·: )f Heioab
.4. ,,).'a.nthcrthi..7.1.li.:~) s9.~~:34G (PRE:·
(PR~ " '- - .,-~...
Buel1ia punctata (Hoffm.) Massal lJubvley 25 hm 3. ~~ Chameis
._. r;'
E. s;.4S'J2 (PRE) El:':3.bE:th Bay
B. s?4611b (PRE) Eliz3..oeth Bay
C3.1oplaca. eel'ina (:2:hrh. ex Hedw.) Th. Fr. ,,~izabeth Bay·
C. elegantissima (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 2774 (BM) 11 km S. of Chameis
C. eudox3 Mull. Arg. Eli2abeth Bay
C. ne~ibensis K~rnef. Elizabeth BaYI Uubvlei
C. sublobulata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Skerpionkop & Coast.
C. volkii Wirth & Vedza D.W. U.of North LUderitz
·C. sp. 4598 (PRE) Elizabeth Bay
C. sp.4346 (PRE) Klinghardt mtns.
Combea mollusca (Ach.) Nyl. LUderitz, Orange River mouth
Ca~'bonea sp .4606 (PRE) Elizabeth Bay
Catapyrenium lachneum (Ach.) R. Santo
(collected by C.J. Ward) Guano Islands .....: T :: ~ ~ ~ :~::. ::.. :.. 5
-" .... ,. ~ .-. -:....,_. ~~.".::;;" -
• .\..:. -- .
.:.'3ci·.:/el 1:..: c:. Cl"Y:=:C:3.:'li:?:l 1-1.J.58·5 H3.::1burg ~-.of Klinghardc mtns.
L. sp.2837 (?R.2) S. Chameis
Eli.::3.~t:t~·. Bs.y
I ~: ~:- ~ IJc.lbv-Lei
Lep31'ia (Ch.l'ysothrix} sp .4300 (PEE) Skilpadberg
~_,L'2rpionkGp
P. c./f conspe ~"SG. "; ..
Z3.~~:bl~. ~liz3.be.':h Bs.y
D (Neofuscelia)dregc3n3 (~!an~e ex Nyl.)Essl. Coa;::t,Halenbere;
P. (P~rnl0Lr~~a)eu~et~ Stirt.
Sa..rgdec:kel
Skilpadberg, Uubvlei,Boegoeberg
P. (Xanthomaculina) hottentotta (Ach.) Ach.
var. convoluta (Hue) Brusse 12 & 18 km W. Boegoeberg
P. (X<.1nthopannelia) hyporhytida Hale \1. Boegoeberg
S. Chameis,summit'Boegoeberg
P. (Neofuscelia) incomposita Essl. D. \L U. of North Liideritz
P. (Xanthoparmelia) lec3noracea Hull.Arg. Skilpadberg,
Klinghardt, Hochster
2 -~.~-
.;.:~..l..-i.n c.::I.~'~ 1,~"'~
3.Chameis & Rotkop
P. (XanthOp8.1'melia.) scl'l1siauxii HaIr.: D. ~~. U. of North
c (X.:1:? th(.·J;,al·!1ir:31 i.:i) r-.7~11t.cri Kno:{
c
Peltula. afl'icana ('J3.tta) ST.-1insc:. & Kl.~og Hooiberg
1Jubvlei
F3Qr3 decepiens (Hedw.) Hoffm. M.J.S1S Ha:aburg ;..:?.'-:: igra tb,::.7"C'....-OJ
Dab~r~sJ Skilpadberg
PyrenulJ s~.4286(PRE)
Pyxine cocoes (S;.-1.) Nyl Elizabeth Bay. UubvIei
R3malina ciJpensis Th.?r. Schakalsberg,Elizabeth Bay,
Skilpadberg, Uubvlei,Boegoeberg
R. celastri (Spreng) Krog & Swinsc. S.W. Luderitz
Skilpadberg, Uubvlei
R. duriaei (de Not.) Bagl. U~bvlei
R. fimbriata Krog & Swinsc. Skilpadberg
R. lacera (Wither.) Laund. Skilpadberg
R. melanothrix Laur. ex Nyl Uubvlei
3 R. (Fistul~!!:i3) £:f'.
~.,..., '" "- ~
3unaliss3 3ustl'Oafric~lJ3 Zahlbr. Rooiberg, E. Rooil)erg
Santessonia herel'O~nsis (V~in.) Follm. D.W. U. of North LUderitz
Sphinctrin:J tL:bifo:.:.7Ji3 1~3~s:~1
T21cschistes capenGi~' (~.F.) V~in.
Uubv:ei - Ltiderit=
T. pubel· (Ach.) Almb. 75 km N. Chameis
Eli::abeth 83.Y
T. :...:! . .l'yophth:.?1:11US ~ _. LUdet- i t::
TephromelR 8tr~ (H~ds.) H~felln. Eli=~be~h B~y, Rooiberg
LiJde:ritz
T.sp. (sect. Thalloidim3) 2732 (B~1) 35 kc S of Rotkop
T. sp. N.J. 1107 Hamburg S. Scf:s.kalsberg
.X3.nr.horia flam!!1cf!. (L.F.) Hilln. Uubvlei,Jranjemu~d - LDde~'it= x. turbin3ta Vain. Schakalsberg, Oranjemund - Luderitz, Sargdekel
X. parietina (L.). Th. Fr. Skilpadberg, Uubvlei, Oranjeumnd - Luderitz
4