The spatial intersection between high-seas fisheries and deep-sea mining areas

Dr Jesse van der Grient University of Hawai’i The deep sea has links to our dinner plates

Drazen et al. 2020 High-seas fisheries are present in licensed mining areas

WCPFC

IATTC IOTC WCPFC ICCAT

Cobalt-rich Polymetallic nodules ferromanganese crusts Polymetallic sulfides Lusty & Murton 2018 Intersection, as proxy for conflict, is dependent on many factors

• Intersection is location specific, and depends <2% on distance away from mining areas <2% • CCZ with IATTC have the highest levels of intersection • Countries show different levels of intersection, varying from low to high levels of 3-11% intersection <1% • Countries with the highest catches • Small island and/or developing nations <1.5% <2.5%

Article soon to be submitted Fish art: Les Hata Intersection, as proxy for conflict, is dependent on many factors

• Intersection is location specific, and depends 50-km: 0.11-0.50% on distance away from mining areas 100-km: 0.25-1% • CCZ with IATTC have the highest levels of 200-km: 0.5-2.1% intersection • Countries show different levels of intersection, varying from low to high levels of 50-km: 3.3-5.6% intersection 100-km: 4.6-7.6% • Countries with the highest catches 200-km: 6.6-10.7% 50-km: 0.26-0.28% • Small island and/or developing nations 100-km: 0.28-0.47% 200-km: 0.49-0.66%

Article soon to be submitted Fish art: Les Hata Intersection, as proxy for conflict, is dependent on many factors

• Intersection is location specific, and depends Venezuela: 3-11% Ecuador: 2-5% in part on distance away from mining areas Mexico: 5-21% USA: 2-9% Philippines: 1-3% • CCZ with IATTC have the highest levels of USA: 9-16% intersection • Countries show different levels of intersection, varying from low to high levels of intersection Philippines: 21-22% Thailand: 6-10% • Countries with the highest catches Belize: <1-11 China: 1-4% • Small island and/or developing nations Spain: <1-6% Japan: 1-4%

Article soon to be submitted Fish art: Les Hata Intersection, as proxy for conflict, is dependent on many factors

• Intersection is location specific, and depends in part on distance away from mining areas • CCZ with IATTC have the highest levels of American Samoa: 42% intersection Cook Islands: 21% • Countries show different levels of Kiribati: 11-19% intersection, varying from low to high levels of Vanuatu: 11% Belize: 35-52% intersection Guam: 11-14% • Countries with the highest catches • Small island and/or developing nations (some are ‘Flags of Convenience’)

Article soon to be submitted Fish art: Les Hata High-seas fisheries as stakeholders

• Representatives of the fishing industry should be aware of the potential spatial intersections • High-seas fisheries should be stakeholders as the mining regulations and industry develop • Their contributions as another stakeholder in the blue economy are vital Acknowledgements

• Coauthors – Phoebe Woodworth-Jefcoats & Jeffrey Drazen • Funding – Benioff Ocean Initiative • Webinar – PEW/RESOLVE