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The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020 2018 2020 2018 2018 THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SUSTAINABILITY IN ACTION This flagship publication is part of THE STATE OF THE WORLD series of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Required citation: FAO. 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations employed and the presentation of material in the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO concerning the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISSN 1020-5489 [PRINT] ISSN 2410-5902 [ONLINE] ISBN 978-92-5-132692-3 © FAO 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) as at present in force. Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. COVER PHOTOGRAPH ©FAO/Kyle LaFerriere GHANA. Fishing canoes and gear in the Canoe Basin, Tema. ISSN 1020-5489 2020 THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SUSTAINABILITY IN ACTION Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 CONTENTS FOREWORD vi Improving the assessment of global inland fisheries 179 METHODOLOGY viii New and disruptive technologies for innovative ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS x data systems and practices 183 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xii Aquaculture biosecurity 190 Towards a new vision for capture fisheries in the twenty-first century 193 PART 1 WORLD REVIEW 1 Overview 2 REFERENCES 199 Capture fisheries production 9 Aquaculture production 21 TABLES Fishers and fish farmers 36 1. World fisheries and aquaculture production, The status of the fishing fleet 41 utilization and trade 3 The status of fishery resources 47 2. Marine capture production: major producing Fish utilization and processing 59 countries and territories 13 Fish consumption 65 3. Marine capture production: major species Fish trade and products 73 and genera 14 4. Capture production: FAO Major Fishing Areas 16 PART 2 5. Inland waters capture production: SUSTAINABILITY IN ACTION 91 major producing countries 20 The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Code of 6. Aquaculture production of main species Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 92 groups by continent in 2018 26 Monitoring fisheries and aquaculture sustainability 101 7. Aquaculture production of aquatic algae Securing fisheries and aquaculture sustainability 109 by major producers 27 Reporting on fisheries and aquaculture sustainability 127 8. Major species produced in world aquaculture 30 Fisheries and aquaculture sustainability in context 138 9. World aquaculture production of aquatic algae 32 10. Aquaculture fish production in regions, PART 3 and by selected major producers 33 OUTLOOK AND EMERGING ISSUES 163 11. Major global and regional aquaculture producers Fisheries and aquaculture projections 164 with relatively high percentage of bivalves in total Illuminating Hidden Harvests: the contribution aquaculture production of aquatic animals 36 of small-scale fisheries to sustainable development 176 | ii | NOTES BORIA VOLOREIUM, SIT AUT QUIS DOLORITI CONECTUS, SEQUE The proportion of undernourished people in the total population is the indicator known as prevalence of undernourishment (PoU). See Annexes 2 and 3 of this report for further details. Ecullentem facerrum quam, quatet occus acepro modit quibus autat laut omnihitias sitat. 12. World employment for fishers and fish farmers, 7. Top five inland waters capture producers 19 by region 37 8. World aquaculture production of aquatic animals 13. Reported number of motorized and and algae, 1990–2018 22 non-motorized vessels by LOA class in fishing fleets 9. Annual growth rate of aquaculture fish production from selected countries and territories, 2018 46 quantity in the new millennium 22 14. Percentage of global fish catch allocated to 10. Contribution of aquaculture in total production major hydrological/river basin 58 of aquatic animals 24 15. Production trends and the relative contribution 11. Fed and non-fed aquaculture production, to the global catch 59 2000–2018 28 16. Total and per capita apparent fish consumption 12. Aquaculture production of major producing by region and economic grouping, 2017 70 regions and major producers of main species groups, 17. Projected fish production, 2030 166 2003–2018 34 18. Projected fish trade for human consumption 172 13. Regional share of employment in fisheries and aquaculture 38 19. Snapshot of data the Illuminating Hidden Harvests study is exploring 178 14. Sex-disaggregated data on employment in fisheries and aquaculture, 2018 40 20. Variables used in the threat assessment for inland fisheries 180 15. Distribution of motorized and non-motorized fishing vessels by region, 2018 42 21. Threat scores of basin areas that support inland fisheries 181 16. Proportion of motorized and non-motorized fishing vessels by region, 2018 43 22. Fish supply chain supported by blockchain 187 17. Distribution of motorized fishing vessels by region, 2018 43 FIGURES 18. Size distribution of motorized fishing vessels 1. World capture fisheries and aquaculture production 4 by region, 2018 44 2. World fish utilization and apparent consumption 4 19. Global trends in the state of the world’s marine 3. Regional contribution to world fisheries and fish stocks, 1974–2017 48 aquaculture production 5 20. Percentages of stocks fished at biologically 4. Trends in global captures 9 sustainable and unsustainable levels, by FAO statistical area, 2017 49 5. Top ten global capture producers, 2108 12 21. The three temporal patterns in fish landings, 6. Trends in three main categories of fishing areas 17 1950–2017 50 | iii | CONTENTS 22. Estimated inland fishery catch allocated to 38. Fish oil and soybean oil prices in the Netherlands 89 major hydrologic regions and the river basins in which 39. International legal framework for fisheries 94 it was produced, expressed as a percentage of the global total inland catch 57 40. Response by Members to the FAO Questionnaire on the Implementation of the Code of Conduct for 23. Utilization of world fisheries and aquaculture Responsible Fisheries and Related Instruments, by region 97 production, 1962–2018 60 41. Number of fish management plans developed 24. Utilization of world fisheries and aquaculture for marine and inland capture fisheries in accordance production: developed versus developing countries, with the Code, as reported by Members 98 2018 62 42. Percentage of fisheries management plans 25. Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, implemented for marine and inland capture fisheries in average 2015–2017 67 accordance with the Code, as reported by Members 98 26. Apparent fish consumption per capita, 43. Number of countries that have a legal framework average 2015–2017 69 for the development of responsible aquaculture in line 27. Relative contribution of aquaculture and capture with the Code, as reported by Members 99 fisheries to fish available for human consumption 72 44. Proposed information system with a registry of 28. World fisheries and aquaculture production farmed typesof aquatic genetic resources at its core 108 and quantities destined for export 74 45. The process of the Sustainable Aquaculture 29. Top exporters and importers of fish and fish Guidelines and the content for their development 126 products in terms of value, 2018 76 46. Average level of implementation of international 30. Trade of fish and fish products 77 instruments to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, SDG regional groupings, 2018 132 31. Trade flows of fish and fish products by continent (share of total imports, in terms of value), 2018 78 47.
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