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Late-devensian and flandrian palaeoecological studies in the Isle of Wight.

Scaife, R. G

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Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 LATE-OEVENSIANAIDFLAN)RIAN PALAEOECOLOGICAL

STUDIESIN THE ISLE OF WIGHT

ROBERTGORDON SCAIFE

VOLUME2

THESIS SUBMITTEDFOR THE DEGREEOF DOCTOROF PHILOSOPHY

DEPARTMENTOF GEOGRAPHY

KING'S COLLEGE,UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

1980

'ý y \ 4.. BEST COPY

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I Key to Figure 3.

1. Gatccmbe Withy Bed. Chapter 6

2. Munsley Bog. Chapter 7.

3. Borthwood Bog. Chapter 8.

4. Bohemia Bog. Chapter 9.

5. Ninham Bog. Chapter 10.

6. Redway (preliminary analysis)

7. Brook Bay (Clifford 1936 and partial analysis)

8. Headon Warren. Chapter 16 (Bronze Age)

9. Newbarn Down. Chapter 16 (Bronze Age).

10. Apes Down. Chapter 16. (Bronze Age).

11. The Longstone, Mottistone. Chapter 15 (Neolithic)

12. Combley Roman Villa. Chapter 17. 5

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Key to Figure 4.

1. Litton Cheney. Sidaway 1964

2. Black Down. Thompson and Ashbee 1957.

3. Turners Puddle Heath. Dimbleby and Piggott 1953

4. Winfrith Heath. Simons and Dimbleby 1974.

5. East-Stoke. Haskins 1978.

6. Morden A. Haskins 1978.

7. Morden B. Haskins 1978.

8. The Moors. Haskins 1978.

9. Rempstone. Haskins 1978.

10. Godlington A. Haskins 1978.

11. Godlington B. Haskins 1978.

12. Luscombe. Haskins 1978.

13. Chicks Hill. Ashbee and Dimbleby 1958.

14. Wareham. Seagrief 1959.

15. Cranes Moor. Seagrief 1960.

16. Church Moor. Barber 1975.

17. South Street. Dbmbleby and Evans 1974.

18. ' Avebury. Dimbleby and Evans 1974.

19. Nursling. Seagrief 1959.

20. Southampton Water. Godwin and Godwin 1940.

21. Headon Warren. Chapter 16.

22. Brooh Bay. Clifford 1936.

23. Mottistone. The Longstone. Chapter 15.

24. Newbarn Down. Chapter 16.

25. Apes Down. Chapter 16.

26. Gatccenbe Withy Bed. Chapter 6.

27. Bohemia Bog. Chapter 9.

28. Munsley Bog. Chapter 7. 7

29. Ccanbley Roman Villa. Chapter 17.

30. Borthwood Bog. Chapter 8.

31r Ninham Bog. Chapter 10.

32. Gosport. Godwin 1945.

33. Cothill. Clapham and Clapham 1939.

34. Thatcham. Churchill 1962.

35. OakYanger. Rankine, Rankine and Dimbleby 1960.

36. West Heath., Hartin¬. Drewett 1976.

37. Iping Co mon. Keef, Wymer and Dimbleby 1965.

38. Elstead. Seagrief and Godwin 1960.

39. Thursley Common. Willmot 1968, Moore and Willmot 1976.

40. Amberley Wild Brooks. Thorley 1971a, 1971b.

41. Rackham. Dimbleby and Bradley 1975.

42. Hampstead Heath. Girling and Greig 1977.

43. Broad Sanctuary. Scaife 1980b.

44. Epping Forest. Baker, Moxey and Oxford 1978.

45. Newport Pond. Baker 1976.

46. Ebbsfleet Channel. Burchell and Piggott 1939.

47. The Lower Thames. Devoy 1977,1978,1979.

48. Addington. Dimbleby 1963.

49. Snodland. Erdtman 1928.

50. Hothfield Convnon. Webb 1972.

51. Brook. Kerney, Brown, Chandler 1964.

52. 'Frogholt. Godwin 1962.

53. Wingham. Godwin 1962. 6

Clay (Argilla-Silty Clay)

Sand (Grana Arenosa)

Stone

IAAA Betula Wood (Turfa Lignosa) IV VV Alnus Wood (Turfa Lignosa)

ww Salix Wood (Turfa Lignosa)

" "" pa l Ch.

II Fen Peat (Turfa Herbaceae)

-_ý Highly, Htnnified Fen Peat (Turfa Herbaceae)

Phra gmites (Turfa Herbaceae)

Sphagnum jTurfa Bryophytica)

Table 5. Stratigraphi. cal symbols used in the pollen diagrams and cross Valley profiles. HL

u /T goo äV

200 r, Ov .0

.: taý,. li'(" 100 00,

p/ ,tic < '00

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.ý r_... 11

/ ORGANIC INORGANIC C M 0 w w- GTW: 10

GTW:9 40 - v - v ý. IIIIII1 so --'

t0 - -ý GTW:e

100 ý, ,.

GTW: 7 120 V-V

140 .ý dTW: 6

ISO L., 1,

f 180 --"

22 00 GTW:5

220 WW 12 0 OTW: i

240 240 . "t. 1"L1. L 280 270 '''

0 50 100 "/. OXIDIZABLE ORGANIC CARBON

Figure 8. Gatcombe Withy Bed: stratigraphy of sediments and the organic/inorganic ratio determined by the Walkley-Black method. 12

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CM r'-1 I"'1 I-I r'1 t-1 I-'1 f-l r-i ý1 (-1 0

OTW:ll

32 ...... r G7 W:1O

66 r ý.

64 GTW:! sz1u

now oTW: 9 szs1

112 -.. ý. .- rr

3TW: $ 126

- - - - . ter 144 - - ý GTW: 7

160

OTW: s 176 - . . -ý

-.. ý - -

192 -" - ....

GTW: S 206

224 . .r ...

240 -- -. - U..r

256 ý" - now sun= u Uu u u u uu u u 05 0S05 0S 0S 0S 0505 0S 05

Figure 9 Gatcombe Withy Bed: crude macrofossi3, analysis. L3

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-t 0 p Q Q C=ý 0I D p Q 280E p .I p D O D t 0 p GTW:I

D p ý 13 I D p 290 L O p p

u uuu 0 L u u L uuuu 100 0 10 OS 0 70 OS OS OS OS 0 w OS 0 , 10 OS' OS OS OS

IS TP C. ý x5 % TP

Figure 10. Gatcombe Withy Bed: diagram pollen 1; trees, shrub and dwarf shrubs. 14

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220 1 GTW:S IIIII1 I1

2301 "iIIIIII

I__ 11 IIIIIIIý 240I "III IIIII1 IIIIIII1 GTW'3 II 250f "III1 III1 I_1 I11 II1 260 F II1

1III1IIII IIIII1 GTW:2 I. IIII1 270F 1IiI11 1IIIII11

1ý1 IIII11 1I 280 h

GTW:i

2901- t t

ti Li Li Li 4.1 Li Li Li Li Li Li Li 4.1 Li os os os os os os os os 05 Li uuuuuu Li uuuuu os os os 05 os os os os os os os os os 0 10 0 40 os os os os os os

7. TP 7. TP "l. TP

Figure 11. Gatcanbe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 1; herbs. r 15

4ý ýýýJ r ti yW C o2 a0o- ýc0y `ýýJ ýý ap ý2T of 4 4y ý\ J2 pa o 4ý e 2 J2o\ l>ýy ti2ýy 2ýJ2 ýJýJ .F ýy 2Jy >aJ2 0 0oJ 4k, .ý je 0++ p 2 o 00 P 2J Jý o- o'' ýJ ,ý. ýJ ah ?? 2ý r o ý' ? 'ýý p4 J? 2y ?ý ?ý J2 ° cy o-ý .' ýý` ýy a"J ýý 2, 02 2ý ý"J ý4"ý vä 'wý , ýJ yM J2 2ý ýý' . ýo ýýý ýy ýý` 4p Qo aJ ýJ Jý e°"ý ýo vp ýp OJ a2 ýý dý` `ý yap i1 dJ dý 0ý ýý ýý ýh cm yý , yýaa ri nnnnnnnnnnnnnn. nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ý' ro "1 111c1

IIII, IIII11

1 GTw: S 220 ý' "II 1 IIIIIIIII "IIIIIIC I_I II I_f_I 23C 11IIIf 1ý º1I GTw: c

20 I1III II I1 Gtwý3 IIII III1II. 20 IIIIII III 1 III. I1III 260 III IIII1 I1I1II1 ºIIIII GTW,l IIUIIIº no I1III1 I1I1III tI__I_1º IIIIIII I1 teo II1 1III GTW:i

1IIII1 II no 1

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu Li uuuuuu 0 10 os os os os os os os os os os 05 os os os os os os os os os os os os os os os cs os os os os os

'l. TP . I. TP "/. TP

Figure 12. GatcoMbe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 1; herbs. 16

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to It v &3rrPJ PP2v Zý "a yy 'ýP ýP h ýy Jy Jy ýý Iv p`ý y 'n CM ri nnnnnn r-I nnnnnnn -T-rT rn n kä 210 " 1 1 I I - 1 I I 1 U - IIt _ I- I 1 - I ,I- 1 1 I 1 II t I 1 I 1 II GTW: S 2201 i I 1 1 I 1 i I I 1 - 1I / I- 1 1 I I - tI - ý. I I I I tý II I I_ I I - II 1_ I __ _ _I _I 2301 "I I 1 II 1 1 I 1 I1 1 1 ý GTW: 4 I I I - I - i I I 1 I t _ ýI_ -- I - I II - 1 1 _I 2 40 1 "I I I I III - 1 1 1 1 1 GTW: )

250 l "I I I 1 I - 1 a' I I" I 1 - 1 I_ I 1 II 1_ _t_ l I I I 1 - - 1 260 1 I I I 1 I - 1

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2701 1 I II - 1

1 I1 - 1 I 1 1 I II - 1 I 1 f 280 1 1 II1 - 1 1 1 1 I 1 GTW:I

1 1 III -

290 L 1 I II - 1 I

u Li u u Li u uLI IIIII Li Li Li uuuu I Li L--, J u u OS OS OS OS OS 0S OS 0 70 0 10 OS 05 OS OS 0S OS OS 0 6S 0 15 OS 0 100 05

1. TP 7. TP 7. TP

Figure 13. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 1; herbs, and totals. 17

40 ýV 2J Jý Qý yý'J ýý 2 Cdr yý ýJ Jý ýý J`r CP ý pIkk rJy ýh vP ýý. Q Ök ýý I/u yy J2 Jar ý ., pJ ý' " C.) ýp vti 040 pJ. ýýy O2J ýoý mph

0 CM rnnnnnnnnnn

210 1 11 1 1I1

220 1I GTW:S 11 I

230 11 I 11I GTW:< 1111 1111 240

11 11 1II1GTW: 3

250 III. 11

III1 II 260 111 I1 GTW:2 i 270 III II1 1- 1 _111II1 111 280 II11 1II11 11 GTW:1 I II1I 290 Ii

uu Li uuuuuuuuU 05 05 05 05 05 os os os 05 05 os os

1. TP. SPORES

Figure 14. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 1; spores. 18

1000

75*0 A

COARSER THAN B SO.O

2 5.0 ä Jý "

40 10 8-0 10-0 12-0 .02.0 ý PHI

Figure 15. Gatcanbe Withy Bed: particle size analysis of Late-Devensian (A) and Boreal (B) sediments.

A. Late-Devensian Greensand and silts. poorly sorted positively skernd - Mesokurtic Bimodal at 30 and 50

B. Boreal silts moderate to poorly sorted positively skewed - Leptokurtic Bimodal at 50 and 70 mean = 5.430 ýý ýy

?y ýy JI, Jy Jy ýJ`' J`' J 2 2 ý r Jye ýý Jy Jy ý ýy Jy Jy ýý r ý J 3 J A e ý` ý? Jý Jý Q ýe Q ý1} 4 a ýC ý ý. f 1 CM n r-" r--l n n rrrn n n rrn n 0-

a0 v ; v- 1111111 " "

80 GTW: 9

100

.r 120 GTW:B

140 ýý "ý ± GTW:1

16C

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x GTW: S

ww ý 2201 ý GTW: 4

ii U Lji i" i" i IV. W U U 1 V 0 10 05 0 90 0 30 as 0 10 as 0 30 0 20 as as 0 2S 0 100 as 0 90 I %£ AP EXCLALNUS 'G£AP. ALNUS .6 AP. "/. iAP"CORYLUS SHRUB

Figure 16. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 2; trees and shrubs. 70

4tf ti 6; °' 02 2ýJ J2o

CM r-rrrrr-t nnn rrn n r-l r--rn--ý nnnnn r-9 mn r--l 0-

GTWat

ýý ý" GTWit9

i00

ao ýý .GTW: 8

140 GTW: 1 ýI 1 l0

GTW: 6 iW

200 GTW: S

220 GTWU.

UUU1IIIr, U 1.. 1 1IIIUVVIIIIIuUU l-! WU LJJ U 0 60 os vs os 0 25 0 30 os 0 10 0 30 os 05 0 to 0 90 0 90 0 10 os os 0 10 0 20 os 0 iS 0 10

iAP"SHRUBS I I '. EXCL. CORYLUS 'GfAP"CLIMBING SHRUBSI'GE AP "( 'biAP"GRAMINEAE"CYPERACEAE '!.. E AP HERBS EXCL. GRAMINEAE"CYPERACEAE DWARF SHRUBS .

Figure 17. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 2; shrubs, climbing shrubs, dwarf shrubs and herbs. 21

I c a. ? t ýC' : ýý sý Jr tJ

JJ CI rJ pe

,"p o4 6 hý +JJ Tý J`ý% Zý CCCa CM ^nnnnnnnnnnnnnn rn nnv -r--v r- nnnnn` ýnnnnn rn n 0- '--

" GTW: u

GTW: 10 4" 1

x GTW; 9

120 GTW: 8

140 GTW'7 S

160

GTW: 6 iec

2001 GTwa

220 OTW34

Li U (Li U UV Li Li U Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li UU L--Li UUWUUUU Li LL) UUU os os o 10 os os os os os os os os os os os os os 0 1s os os 0 20 0 40 os os os os os 0 is os os os os os 0 is

%i AP. HERBS EXCL. GRAMINEAE. CYPERACEAE

Figure 18. Gatcanbe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 2; herbs. .2L

pJ ve0 20 2r \t Jy ýý ý Jp ýý' 20 a pa` 2ýý 1ý 4ý' y ýý`" ýýp 2ý`` a0 'ý`` >4ý v, . ý2 '`> o- pýpJ p'ý Gý ,ý ti's ýy 2J .ý ýý yý ý0 ßa4 W2 Zr J >Qý >ac`ý >QW 0 Jrrrarr 4ý, {'4 ý2 J`ý ýJ ýý ýJ ti ti 'ý 22 > ý ýý2 Sý ýý v V0 v0 cý 2J yý pJ Qý, ,ýy aW eý, p., ýJ Q> ýýý >y l ýy ýJy r >ý ý2 2ý tý yý ýe We C e' Jý ýý >! ý' >``! "ý' 42 2,04 rý "' `2 2~` 2>' ýV e`0 ýrý ý2y ' o- f' 2 ý2 >2 0 Jvr ,ý" yLy ý' r ý' 4y d' ¬ý d' 1J "ý >Co Ch nnnnnnnnnnn r-i n r- r -ri nnnnnnnnnmnn r'1 r-*ý u-i nnn o-

".. """ GIW: 11

GTW: 10 .""" '3

GTW'9 er ""

". ." GTW: B , 2, a ý'

140 GTWs7

I GTW: 6 00 180

GTW: S 200 1 S

220 GTW:4

W LJ UUU .iu Li U Li Li UUU Li U 1-J UuUUUUUUuu L--Li UU LJ OS OS OS OS OS OS Os OS OS OS os Os 05 OS 0 25 OS OS OS OS OS OS 0s 06 06 0 is Os OS 0 10 0 20 0 10 01 OS

%I AP"HERBS EXCL. GRAMINEAE"CYPERACEAE

Figure 19. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 2; herbs. v ýa 3 pýQ Qyy 2PýPr kQ! 4. ýý Joy pJP aý Q2 ýQ J p` 2J !W y2 f] U2`p Jý! PQ ýP P Jý `j `ý y2ýLf2ýy PV *ti2ý 2pp JIco 2P P 2P ?0 aýr ý 0 y `? 0h a aP IF ý ., Q2 a4ý ýP 0o- ýý `(. 0 tP oý 2P a` a' 2' y4 ýQ Q` 4aß CM nnnnnnnnnr, nrn r-r-r: -rzý r, rn nFTIIInn rte- n 0-

"S "ýa ýý' GiW: 11

... GTA: Ii 40

ýý .. ý G1w: 9

100

120 " .. r, "ý" ýý GIW: 6

140 .i ýýý ". -"' GTW: '

160

GIW: 6 lee

96 94 S 200 ". -. GTw:

GTW: 4 220

UU %J U LJ L.. J UUUUU LAU IIIIS LJ LPL UI. S...... U L1) 1''"U 0 10 os 0s 06 0 10 0 10 05 05 05 05 05 0 15 0 60 0 lo 0 15 os 0 70 so os o is 0 100 os 0 70 I I«. I'b I *AP. MARGINALS LAGUATICS %: *AP. FILICALES f AP TP. I. TP EXCL. ALNUS '/. TP SPHAG. DERIV.

Figure 20. Gatccinbe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 2; herbs, spores and totals. 24

Jy Jy J`' Jý y' y ýy G ý y 2 O y J 4ý J i j' tiJ ý .ý r r Jy s r ý v f r t } r Y ýý ý y J o ý Oý r ýo +` \ý4 ti ` roJý J°J ýJý ýJy CM ý rrI r' r-r r - i m r -I n n rrn n I T1 n nnnn 99 n

la I I v. v ` I 1 1 GTW: 9 1i 1` ( 52: 4 ý I ý I IC2 .1 I

f-'

103 7-1

i r- Fý-

1 GTW: 9 v-Y SZ: 3

105 i 106 i

Im - i GTW: 9 SZ: 2

19E ý_ vv _

109

vv I GTWs8 SZ: 1 110

111

W LJ U 41 0 LJJ U"1iiiiiiii ýy1J U Li UUUU 40 0 10 0 30 0 90 0 20 0 10 05 05 0 15 05 0 100 0 70 0 25 OSOSOSOSOSOS

7. AP EXCI, ALNUS I I ft % AP"ALNUS 9. AP. CORYLUS 7. AP"SHRUBS

Figure 21. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 3; trees and shrubs. 25

y J2 J2 ý, ýPv r do lcý°ý ý° ' `a Ilk ,ýP2 ýP Jy hP t'` ýP I+ ooJ°JP 02 y' Jy °r Jý ' J2` °`y 2J2 ýýý ýýJ o°0 Jý UP ýýP ý, o2P `ýP of ý\y G yP l 4rß LP UýP (rý''ý &J` ., ý% QP2 P2ý 4P ,1o 01 PýP °r *oyP CMnnnn rýT rrTrr-rte nnn rf nnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn r-r i r-n 99

1ý IIIýIII GTW+9 IIIIIIIIII SI:i lot I IIIIýIII II

`I'IiI, IC3 IýI III 10< I GTW19 IIIII S213 tos IIIII

, 06 IIII61

Ii GTW19 107 SZ:2

loe _I

109 III GTW: 9 SZO no I

uuuuu L' uuuuuuuuuuuuuUuuuWWU 20 OS OS OS 03 03 OS 0 30 0 60 0S OS OS 010 09 0S 05 OS os os os OS OS 05 OS 05 OS 06 OS OS OS 0 20 0 I, I I, I. *AP. CLIMB. L*AP. DWP /. F AP"GRAMINEAE. CYPERACEAE /. iAP"HERBS EXCL. GRAMINEAE'"CYPERACEAE I SHRUBS SHRL S,

Figure 22. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 3; climbing shrubs, dwarf shrubs, and herbs. 26

ý Jy oS.

Ii y 44 [Är LIN* I-v ` ý Ny Jam p PL aý' rý' ý h tý ` o Jý ýJy J0 ti y '0ý r 2J 2 y ý Jv ýý' Jý 4. O de 4Kx, r 4i ý0 y a ' rý, 0 1ý Ve4 Ao Lr 4; da o ý eý C J2 `ý ýý py ýy Jý 00 ý"ý J ý Q a aJ CM n ri nn nn nnn rt nn nnnn n' n nnnnnn rim nnnnn

GTW. 9 I SZ14 I01

102

1ý3

GTW: 9 SZ:3 1oG

: o1 OT Wi9 SZY

108 p 109

0TW: 8 SZ: 1 110 I

III Li U Li UU LJ Li Li U LJ Li UU Li UU Li Li V Li Li Li Li UV Li UUUUU os os os os os i os os os os 0 10 os os os os os os os os os os os os os os 0 10 os os os os os os

q. f AP. HERBS EXCL GRAMINEAE"CYPERACEAE

Figure 23. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 3; herbs. 2

ý ýy ý4 ýP ö ZJy ýPv " ,p y ýT Äl4 y0 0 Jp P ý4+4ý 0 J Jý y ý' 0ý 1yZ, 43 ° ý yr.. ý 0 ýC yýa a0` ý' ý ý ý= p p ý ý ý ti 0y ýý=P Jy tiý C ta ýý Gý 0ý 0ý rrp 2t jz ý0oý pý l el cm ^nn nnn nnn r1 n r- nnnn 99

IJO II II I ý I I I I

101 I I I? I I

j ýI 102 _ -I

IC3 I I II

105 I

I 1 III I06 L1

I I 107

we I

109 I

II I

110 I I

I 111

.IVVL ul1 u uuu uuu Li Li uuuuuuuL . -L 09 Os 05 05 09 05 05 09 05 0 10 05 0 10 05 05 05 09 0 Soo 40 os os 0 soofo 0 90

1 1 /. fAP. HERBS EXCL. GRAMINEAE. CYPERACEAE '/. iAP. MARGINALS & AQUATICS 7. TP EXCL. ALNUS 'L TP

Figure 24. Gatcombe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 3; herbs, and totals. 28

.9 JJr S J? ý? vý 04.2 JJ`ý ýGý WW2 O lý ýJ J? h9 .ra CM r-i r-i ri n Df

100 II

GTW: 9 S ZIA ' 101

102

103 -

104 GTW: 9 SZ: 3 I JOS

103 I

,m GTW: 9 52: 2

toe

109 GTW:e SZ:l Ito

0 to 0 70 '0 10 0 10 os 0 e0 os 0 40

('/. 1 1 y.: EAP"F(LICALES *AP. SPHAGNUM "/. TP. FILICALES

Figure Gatccmbe Withy Bed: pollen diagram 3; spores. 25. ý Qty tiý

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Figure 52. Ninharn Bog: crude macrofossil analysis. N N q s 0 $ 0 ö ö $' 0 n

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PINUS

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Figure 60. A. Munsley Bog. B. Gatcanbe Withy Bed. Idealised pollen diagraus showing the early Flandrian forest succession in the Isle of Wight. 6LI

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Key to Figures. 61-64,66 and 67.

Figure 61. The Mesolithic

0 occupation/flint Working Sites.

1. Brook Bay

2. Chilton Chine

3. Grange Chine

4. Whale Chine

5. Shorewell

6. Werrar

7. Newtown Creek

8. Blackpan Common

9. Wootten Hard

10. Redcliff

Figure 62. The Neolithic

" Occupation/flint Working Sites.

1. Niton Down.

2. Ruffin Copse

3. Week Down

4. Lea Farm

5. Arreton Down.

6. Gatcanbe West/Whitecrroft

7. Brading

8. ' Redcliff

1 Tennyson Down Mortuary enclosure

f 2. Afton Down long barrow

O The Long Stone, Mottistone 72

Figure 63. The Early Bronze Age.

0 Occupation Site

] Gore Down

Gatccmbe/Whitecrxoft

Figure 64. The Middle/Late Bronze Age

Urn cemetaries

1. Swamiore

2. Afton Down

3. Barnes High

Whitewell

Figure 66. The Iron Age

Occupation Sites

1. Shippards Chine

2. St. Catherine s' Point

3. Gills Cliff

4. Knighton

0 Field Systems

1. Gallibury Fields

2. Newbarn Down

3. Newbarn Down/Little Down

4. Idlecambe

5. Mersley Down

6. Ashey Down 73

Figure 67 The Romano British

Fort

1. Carisbrooke

A Villa

1. Rock

2. Bowccrnbe

3. Clatterford

4. Carisbrooke

5. Newport

6. Gurnard

7. Combley

8. Brading

Field Systems

1. Rock

2. IdlecaThe

3. Mersley Down

4. Ashey Down

5. Brading Down

For complete listing of sites shown in these figures, see Basford 1980. 74

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Table 2 Species recorded in fallowed field adjacent to Gatccmbe Withy Bed (N. G. R. SZ 502859) 1976.

Anagallis arvensis

Echium vulgare

Juncus bufonius

Kickxia elatine

Lamium hybridum

Mentha arvensis

Plantago major

Polygonum persicaria

Ranunculus repens

Solanum nigrum

Sonchus arvensis

Stachys arvensis

Veronica arvensis

V. persica

4 ýý r

Table 3 Gatcombe Withy Bed species list. 1975-1978.

Dryopteris borreri D. dilatata D. filix-mas Phyllites scolopendrium Polystichum setiferum Pteridium aquilinum

Acer campestre Alnus glutinosa Betula pendula Caltha palustris Carex paniculata C. pendula Cham&enerion angustifolium Chrysosplenium oppositifolium Circaea lutetiana Cirsium palustre Corylus avellana Digitalis purpurea Dipsacus fullonum Fraxinus excelsior Galium cruciata Glechoma hederacea Hedera helix Humulus lupulus Ilex aquifolium Iris pseudacorus Juncus effusus Lapsana communis Lonicera periclymenum Lycopus europaeus Lysimachia vulgaris Mentha aquatica Oenanthe crocata Picea sitchensis Polygonum hydropiper Primula vulgaris Quercus robur Ribes nigrum R. rubrum R. uva-crispi Salix alba S. atrocinerea S. fragilis S. viminalis Sambucus nigra Scutellaria galericulata Silene dioica Solanum dulcamara Sparganium erectum Symphytum officinale Ulmus glabra Urtica dioica

p 77

Table 4. Gatccmbe Withy Bed: bryophytes

and lichens

Bryophytes

Brachythecium rutabulum Dicranella heteromalla Hypnum cupressiforme isopterygium elegans Isothecium myosuroides Leptodiqtyum riparium Mnium hornum Plagiothecium sylvaticum Polytrichum commune P. formosum Ulota crispa &ullania dilatata

Lichens

Arthonica impolita P. cocodes Cladonia chlorophaea P. hymenia C. coniocraea P. pertusa C. ochrochlora Phiytis argena Enterographa crass. Ramalina farinacea Evernia prunastri Usnea articulata Graphis scripta U. subfloridans Lecanora chlarotera U. inflata L. confusa L. conizaeides L. expallens Lecidea limitata L. quernea Lepraria candelaris L. incana Normandina pulchella Parmelia caperata P. glabratula P. reticulata P. revoluta P. subrudecta Pertusaria amara i8

Table. 5 Munsley Bog species list 1978,1979.

Equisetum fluviatile Osmunda regalis

Betula pubesceus Calamagrostis epigejos Calluna vulgaris Carex curta C. laevigata C. nigra C. paniculata C. rostrata Cirsium dissectum C. palustre Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. ericetorum Drosera rotundifolia Erica tetralix Eriophorum angustifolium Festuca tenuifolium Galium palustre Hydrocotyle vulgaris Juncus acutiflorus J. articulatus J. bulbosus J. effusus Lotus uliginosus Lycopus europaeus Mentha aquatica Molinia caerulea Myosotis caespitosa Narthecium ossifragum Pedicularis sylvatica Phragmites communis Polygon um hydropiper Potamogeton polygonifolius Prunella vulgaris Potentilla erecta Ranunculus repens R. flämmula Salix atrocinerea' S. caprea Rubus fruticosus Scirpus setaceus- Scutellaria galericulata Senecio aquatica Succisa pratensis Trifolium pratense Ulex europaeus

Cephalozia bicuspidata C. connivens Mylia anomela Pellia epiphylla Sphagnum cuspidatum S. fimbriatum S. palustre S. papillosum S. recurvum S. squarosum 79

Table 6 Bohemia Bog species list. 1976-1977.

Blechnum spicant Pteridium aquilinum

Agrostis setacea Anagallis tenella Carex binervis C. echinata C. panicea Drosera rotundifolia Eleocharis multicaulis Erica tetralix Eriophorum angustifolium Glyceria declinata Hydrocotyle vulgar. is Juncus acutiflorus J. bulbosus Molinia caerulea Narthecium ossifragum Pedicularis sylvatica Pinguicula lusitanica Polygala serpyllifolia Potentilla erecta Scirpus cespitosus Succisa pratensis Ulex minor

Acrocladium cuspidatum Aulacomnium palustre Calypogeia bicuspidata C. fissa Cephalozia connivens C. media Dicranella heteromalla Hypnum cuppressiforme ssp. ericetorum Lepidozia setaceae Leucobryum glaucum Riccardia multifida Sphagnum cuspidatum S. fimbriatum S. palustre S. papillosum S. plumulosum S. recurvum S. rubellum S. subsecundum 80

Table 7 Ninham Bog, species list for adjacent meadow 1978 - 1979

Anthoxanthum odoratum Carex ovalis Cirsium palustre Dactylis glomerata Filipendula ulmaria Galitim uliginosus Glyceria. fluitans Holcus lanatus Lotus uliginosus Phalaris arundinacea Poa annua P. trivialis Potentilla anserina Ranunculus acris R. repens Rumex acetosa Stellaria holostea Trifoli um repens 81

Table 8 Ninham Bog, species list 1978 - 1979

Dryopteris dilatata Equisetum fluviatile Pteridium 4quilinum .

Calystegia sepium Cardamine flexuosa Carex paniculata Chrysosplenium oppositifolia Cirsium palustre Circaea lutetiana Filipendula ulmaria Galium palustre Glyceriä maxima Juncus effusus Galium cruciata Lysimachia vulgaris Oenanthe crocata Ranunculus repens Rubus fruticosus R. lundleinis Rumex sanguineus Salix albs S. atrocinerea. Scrophularia aquatica S. nodosa Solanum dulcamara Stachys sylvatica Urtica dioica 82

Period 14C entative Regional Biostratigraphical dating Assemblage Zone Zones 0 bp

Planting of Hedgerows Pinus - Ulmus GTW: 11 MUN:8 GTW: 3 NIN: 8

90±90 o assemblage zone GTW: 10 BOH:2 designated 5-6-7 + BW: 280-80 NIN: 2-7 Antmopogenic 910-1 0 phase Tiiia - Ilex - GTW: 9 NIN: l 010±1 0-º Plantago BOH:1 BW:3 IX W:4 850±451-*

Alnus Tilia Mid-Flandrian - - GTW: 8 BW: 2 Quercus - Ulmus 385±5 0 -' Quercus - Ulmus - GTW: 7 MUN:7 Corylus

Early Flandrian Pinus - corylus GTW: 7 MUN:6

Betula GTW: 5 MUN: 5

Late-Devensian/ Juniperus - GTW MUN:4 Flandrian transition Filipendula' ',4 )970±5 0-1, Younger Dryas GTW: 3 MUN:3 Gramineae Late Devensian - GTW: 2 MUN:2 ------OyPý, aceae- Allerýd GTW: 1 MUN:

Table 9" Suggestions for Regional Assemblage Zones based on Isle of Wight pollen data. 83

TABLE 10 Late-Devensian pollen and spores recorded from Gatcombe Withy Bed and Miuzs 1ey Bog.

GATCOMBE(GTW: ) MUNSLEY (MUM: ) 1234 1234

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium alpinum if, SELAGINACEAE Selaginella selaginoides EQUISETACEAE Equisetum OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium 1unaria v Ophioglossum vulgatum vv VI OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda regalis r HYPOLEPIDACEAE Pteridium aquilinum ASPIDACEAE Dryopteris type POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium vulgare PINACEAE Pin us Picea Abies CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus communis RANUNCULACEAE Caltha type Trollius europaeus Anemone type Ranunculus type Thalictrum Raninculaceae undiff. NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea alba N. alba var. occidentalis CRUCIFERAE Sinapis type - r r Hornungia type Cruciferae undiff. r r CISTACEAE Helianthemum r r rrr 84

TABLE 10 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE(GIW :) MUNSLEY (MU'T:)I 12341 '2 34

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus type Lychnis type Cerastium type Stellaria type Spergula type Scleranthus type Caryophyllaceae undiff. CH NOPODIACEAE Chenopodium type GERANIACEAE Geranium PAPILIONACEAE Ononis type Lotus type Vi ci a cracca type V. sylvatica type Papilionaceae undiff. ROSACEAE Filipendula Potentilla type Sanguisorba officinalis Posaceae undiff. SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga granulata kc,aEAýýI ýcEAý Hippophae rhamnoides .. ONAGRACEAE Epilobium type UMBELLIFERAE " Umbelliferae undiff . EUPHORBIACEAE Mercurialis POLYGONACEAE Polygonum aviculare type P. bistorta type Rumex . LMACE E Ulmus BETULACEAE Betula B.. cf. nana Alnus 85

TABLE 10 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE(GIW: ) MI1 SLEY (MUN:) 12 .34 1234

CORYLACEAE Corylus r r ' r FAGACEAE Quercus / 1 SALICACEAE Salix ERICACEAE Eri ca :_ Calluna r EMPETRACEAE Empetrum nigrum PLUMBAGINACEAE Armeria 'A' line r Armeria 'B' line MENYANTHACEAE Menyanthes trifoliata BORAGINACEAE Symphytum type POIEWNIACEAE Polemonium caeruleum CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus SCROPHULARIACEAE Rhinanthus type Melampyrum type Odon ti tens type LABIATAE Mentha type Prunella type Stachys type v PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago media/major P. lanceolata " P. maritima CAMPANULACEAE Campanula type RUBIACEAE Galium type VALERIANACEAE Valeriana officinalis V. dioica 86

TABLE' 10 , (Cont. )

GATCOMBE(GIW:. ) MUNSLEY(MW: ) I 1234 1234

DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa Succisa COMPOSITAE Bidens type Aster type Anthemis type Artemisia I Ci rsi um type Centaurea nigra type Serratula type Taraxacum (Liguliflorae) type Compositae undiff. BUTOMACEAE Butomus umbellatus vr IRIDACEAE Iris TYPHACEAE Typha latifolia r T. angustifolia type ,ý / I CYPERACEAE Cyperaceae undiff. r r GRAMINAAE Gramineae undiff. r r SPHAGNACEAE Sphagnum 87

Table 11 Gatcombe Withy Bed and Munsley Bog. Pollen frequencies of Betula and Pinus calculated as a percentage of total pollen excluding Cyperaceae

Gatccxnbe Mims le cm % Betula % Pinus Zone cm % Betula % Pinus Zone 4.8 2.6 100 18.4 30 MLN: 32 1.2 6.5 G1W:4 104 30.6 2.7 34 2.4 7.1 108 21.7 10.0 36 5.3 9.8 112 20.2. 9.2 38 7.1 17.9 116 31.2 7.9 40 9.5 13.9 120 36.7 7.3 MUN: 42 10.6 19.8 124 22.9 7.5 44 7.9 19.7 128 24.6 8.1 46 10.4 132 12.8 5.8 GTW:3 48 11.7 16.8 136 44.2 3.9 50 9.6 14.1 140 27.6 2.0 MUN:2 52 14.3 23.6 144 21.6 3.0 54 6.7 25.0 148 53.4 7.3 MUN:1 56 16.1 8.8 58 67.6 4.5 60 14.5 5.3 62 7.5 7.1 64 8.8 GIW: 2 66 13.6 10.9 68 10.2 9.8 70 11.5 7.9 72 17.6 11.2 74 16.2 9.2 76 14.4 4.0 78 11.0 6.7 80 12.9 6.7 82 19.5 GTW:l 84 22.4 7.2 86 12.8 11.2 88 13.8 8.1 90 9.1 6.2 88

TABLE 12 Early Flandrian pollen and spores records from Gatoombe Withy Bed and Mtmsley Bog.

GATCOMBE(GIW: ) MUNSLEY (MUN: ) 567567

OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda regalis HYPOLEPIDACEAE Pteridium aquilinum ASPIDACEAE . Dryopteris type POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium PINACEAE Pinus CU"PRESSACEAE Juniperus communis RANUNCULACEAE Caltha type Anemone type Ranunculus type Thalictrum Ranunculaceae undiff.

NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea '. CRUCIFERAE Sinapis type Cruciferae undiff. CISTACEAE Helianthemum CARYOPHYLLACEAE Scleranthus type Dianthus type Spergula type Stellaria type QIEN0PODIACEAE Chenopodium TILIACEAE Tilia platyphyllos Tilia undiff. GERANIACEAE Geranium PAPILIONACEAE Vi ci a syl va ti ca type 89

TABLE 12 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE(GIW: ) MWSLEY (MUN: ) I 567567

0 ROSACEAE Filipendula Rubus type Sanguisorba officinalis Potentilla type Poterium 'Sorbus type Rosaceae undiff. Ac EMM - EAG Hippophae rhamnoides ONAGRACEAE Epilobium type ARALIACEAE Hedera helix UMBELLIFERAE Umbelliferae undiff. EUPHORBIACEAE cf. Euphorbia POLYGONACEAE Rumex Rumex lapathifolium type Polygonum bistorta type P. aviculare type URTICACEAE Urtica UIMACEAE Ulmus BETULACEAE Betula B. cf. nana Alnus CORYLACEAE Corylus FAGACEAE Quercus SALICACEAE Salix ERICA IAE Calluna vulgaris Erica. --= 90

TABLE 12 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE(GTW: ) MUNSLEY (MUN: ) 567567

EMPETRACEAE Empetrum nigrum PRIMULACEAE Lysimachia vulgaris MENYMEHACEAE Menyanthes trifoliata POLEMONIACEAE Polemonium caeruleum EORACINACEAE Symphytum CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus SCROPHULARIACEAE Melampyrum Odontites type Scrophulariaceae undiff. LABIATAE Mentha type Prunella type Stachys type Labiatae undiff. PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago media/major P. lanceolata P. maritima CAMPANULACEAE Campanula RUBIACEAE Galium type CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum DIPSACACEAE Succisa VALERIANACEAE Valeriana officinalis V. dioica 91

TABLE 12 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE(CIW: ) MWSLEY (MUN: ) I 567567

CctIPOSITAE Bidens type Aster type type "AnthemisArtemisia Centaurea nigra type Cirsium type Taraxacum type POTAMOGEPONACEAE Potamogeton ORCHIDACEAE Orchidaceae undiff. IRIDACEAE Iris TYPHACEAE Typha angustifolia type T. latifolia CYPERACEAE Cyperaceae undiff. GRAMINEAE Gramineae undiff. SPHAGNACEAE Sphagnum

Y 92

TABLE 13, Mid-Flandrian pollen and spore records from Borthwood Bog and Gatcambe Withy Bed.

BORMWOOD GATCOMBE (BW: ) (GTW:)

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum HYPOLEPIDACEAE Pteridiuin aquilinum ,/ OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda {-egalis THELYPTERIDACEAE Thelypteris palustris type ASPIDACEAE Dryopteris type POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium vulgare PINACEAE Pin us RANUNCULACEAE Caltha type Anemone type Ranunculus type Ranunculaceae undiff. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus type Lychnis type Spergula type CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium type 'ITILIACEAE Tilia cordata Tilia undiff. GERANIACEAE Geranium AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex aquifolium PAPILIONACEAE Medicago type Vi ci a cracca type 93

TA13Lt 13 (Cont. )

BORTWOOD GATCOMBE (13W:) (GTW:)

ROSACEAE Filipendula Rubus type Potentilla type Geum type Prunus type r Rosaceae undiff. SAXIFRAGACEAE Chrysosplenium ONAGRACEAE Epilobium type LORANTHACEAE Viscum album ARALIACEAE Hedera helix UMBELLIFERAE Umbelliferae undiff. r Hydrocotyle vulgaris EUPHORBIACEAE Mercurialis POLYGONACEAE Polygonum aviculare type Rumex URTICACEAE Urtica ULMACEAE Ulmus r MYRICACEAE Myrica gale BETULACEAE Betula Alnus CORYLACEAE Corylus avellana L Carpinus betulus FAGACEAE Quercus SALICACEAE Salix. ERICACEAE Erica. ' -: Calluna 94

" TABLE 13 (Cont. )

BORTHWOOD GATCOMBE (BW: ) (GTW: )

OLEACEAE Fraxinus excelsior Ligustrum vulgare SCROPtIULARIACEAE Melarnpyrum Odontites type LABIATAE Prunella type " PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago lanceolata CAMPANULACEAE Campanula type RUBIACEAE Galium type CAPRIFOLIACEAE Viburnum Lonicera DIPSACACEAE Scabiosa Succisa COMPOSITAE Bidens type Aster type Anthemis type Artemisia Cirsium type Centaurea nigra type Taraxacum type SPARGANIACEAE Typha angustifolia type CYPERACEAE Cyperaceae undiff. GRAMINEAE Gramineae undiff. SPI-IAGNACEAE Sphagnum 95

Table 14 The Longstone soil pollen data.

ý TP E

Betula 2.0 4 Pinus 0.5 1 u1mus 0.5 1 Quercus 6.9 14 Corylus 5.0 10 Calluna 15.3 31 Ericales 1.0 2 Anemone type 0.5 1 Rosaceae i ndiff. 0.5 1 Scrophulariaceae undiff. 0.5 1 Plantago lanceolata 21.7 44 Campanula type 0.5 1 Knautia 0.5 1 Scabiosa 0.5 1 Taraxacum type 3.5 7 Anthemis type 0.5 1 Cyperaceae 1.0 2 Gramineae 37.4 76 Cereal type 2.0 4

Dryopteris type 3.0 6 Polypodium 0.5 1

Total pollen = 203 Total spores =7 9 ý

Table 15 Newbarn Down soil pollen data.

Betula 1.4 7 Pinus 5.4 27 Ulmus 0.2 1 Quercus 1.8 9 Alnus 0.4 2 Fraxinus 0.4 2 Corylus 1.0 5

Calluna 4.4 22

Ranunculus type 0.8 4 Sinapis type 0.2 1 Spergula type 0.2 1 Polygala 0.2 1 Silene type 0.6 3 Chenopodium type 2.6 13 Medicago type 1.8 9 Lotus type * 2.0 10 Astragalus type 0.2 1 Vicia sylvatica type 0.4 2 Polygonum aviculare 0.8, 4 Rumex 0.4 2 Urtica type 0.4 2 Plantago lanceolata 3.8 19 Taraxacum type 26.4 132 Anthemis type 0.2 1 Bidens type 0.6 3 Artemisia 0.2 1 Centaurea nigra type 0.6 3 Cyperaceae 0.6 3 Gramineae 37.0 185 Cereal type 5.0 25

%TP + SP Filicales undiff. 0.9 5 Pteridium aquilinum 3.6 20 Polypodium vulgare 1.2 7 Sphagnum 0.4 2

%TP+SP+UNID Unidentified (degraded) pollen 5.7 30

Total pollen = 500 Total spores = 34

Pollen clusters present y7

Table 16 Apes Down soil pollen data.

Betula 2.7 4 Pinus 0.7 1 U1mus 0.7 1 Quercus 2.0 3 Tilia 0.7 1 Alnus 1.3 2

Corylus type 2.7 4 Calluna 0.7 1

Cruciferae undiff. 0.7 1 Sinapis type 2.0 3 Papilionaceae undiff. 0.7 1 Convolvulus 0.7 1 Plantago lanceolata 6.7 10 Compositae undiff. 9.3 14 Taraxacum type 50.7 76 Anthemis type 0.7 1 Artemisia 0.7 1 Cyperaceae 0.7 1 Gramineae 15.4 23 Cereal type 0.7 1

oTP + SPORES Pteri di um 39.3 103 Filicales 3.4 undiff. -9

%TP+Unid. pollen Unidentified pollen 12.3 Derived spore 0.7

Total pollen = 150 grains Total spores. = 112 spores Total unidentified = 21 grains Table 17 Headon Warren soil pollen data. TP

Betula 1.8 9 Pinus 0.6 3 U1mus 0.8 4 Quercus 1.4 7 Alnus 0.4 2 Fraxinus 0.2 1

Salix 0.2 1 Ligustrum 0.4 2

Ranunculus type 0.2 1 Cruciferae undiff. 0.2 1 Papilionaceae undiff. 0.6 3 Tri foli um type 0.2 1 Vicia cracca type 0.2 1 cf. Poterium sanguisorba 0.2 1 Umbelliferae 0.6 .3 Rumex 10.1 51 Scrophulariaceae undiff. 0.8 4 Melampyrum 0.2 1 Labiatae undiff. 0.4 2 Plantago major type 0.2 1 P. lanceolata 32.7 165 P. coronopus 1.0 5 Galium type 0.4 2 Taraxacum type 3.2 15 type 1.6 8 Bidens . Cyperaceae 2.0 10 Gramineae 39.5 199 Cereal type 0.2 1

%TP+SP 3 Pteridium aquilinum 0.6 I

Total pollen = 504 Total spore =3

Unidentified (degraded pollen) = 30 99

Table 18 Combley Roman Villa pollen data.

% TP E

Betula 0.7 3 Quercus 3.0 12 A1nus 1.2 5 Fraxinus 2.7 11 Fagus 0.5 2 Ilex 0.2 1

Rebus 0.2 1 Corylus type 1.7 7 Hedera 0.2 1

Ranunculus type 0.2 1 Sinapis type 7.4 30 Horn ungi a type 0.2 1 Dianthus type 0.2 1 Chenopodium type 2.0 8 Trifolium type 0.2 1 Rosaceae undiff. 0.2 1 Filipendula 0.2 1

Umbelliferae undiff. 1.0 4 Polygonum avicu2are type 17.6 71 Rumex 1.5 6 urtica type 0.2 1 Rhinanthus type 0.2 1 Plantago lanceolata 3.5 14 Taraxacum type 0.5 2 Aster type 0.2 1 Anthemis type 2.5 10 Cirsium type 0.7 3 Bi dens type 7.4 30 Artemisia 0.2 1 Gramineae 27.3 110 Cereal type 22.1 89

Dryopteris type 0.2 1 Pteri di um 1.2 5

Total pollen 403 grains Total spores 6 grains 100

TABLE 19 Listing of total pollen and spore taxa recorded from sites discussed in the text.

0 GATCOMBE (W H I) LG C/I 123 rý c°n

LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium inundatum L. alpinum SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella selaginoides EQUISETACEAE Equisetum OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium lunaria Ophioglossuw vulgatum OSMJNDACEAE Osmunda regalis HYPOLEPIDACEAE Pteridium aquilinum THELYP ERIDACEAE Thelypteris palustris type ATHYRIACEAE Cystopteris type ASPIDACEAE Dryopteris type POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium PINACEAE Picea Pinus Abies CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus communis TAXACEAE Taxus " RAVUNCULACEAE Caltha type Trollius europaeus Anemone type Ranunculus type Thalictrum 4 Ranunculaceae undiff. 101

TABLE 19 (Cont. )

O O GATCOMBE H (GZ'W:) U 123

NYMPHAEACEAE Nymphaea alba N. alba var. occidentalis FUMARIACEAE Fumaria CRUCIFERAE Sinapis type Hornungia type Cruciferae undiff. RESEDACEAE Reseda POLYGALACEAE Polygala CISTACEAE Helianthemum CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus type Lychnis type Cerastium type Stellaria type Sagina type Spergula type . Scleranthus type Caryophyllaceae Lnmdiff. CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium type TILACEAE Tilia platyphyllcs T. cordata Tilia undiff. LINACEAE Linum catharticum GERANIACEAE Geranium AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex aquifolium 102

TABLE 19 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE (GIW: ) 0 12325qz cn

PAPILIONACEAE Ulex type Ononis type Medicago type Trifolium type Lotus type- Astragalus type Onobrychis type Vicia cracca type V. sylvatica type Vicia undiff. Lathyrus palustris Papilionaceae undiff. ROSACEAE Filipendula , Rubus type Potentilla type Geum type Agrimonia Sanguisorba officinalis Po t eri um Prunus type Sorbus type CRASSULACEAE Sedum SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga granulata Chrysosplenium DROSERACEAE Drosera rotundifolia type. Drosera intermedia EIPGNACEAE Hippophae rhamnoides ONAGRACEAE Epilobium type Circaea LORANTHACEAE Viscum album CORNACEAE Corn us sanguinea ARALIACEAE Hedera helix 103

TABLE 19 (Cont. )

A O GATCOMBE H (GIW: ) x ý' 5°3 123 zý

UMBELLIFERAE Umbelliferae indiff. Hydrocotyle vulgaris EUPHORBIACEAE Mercurialis cf. Euphorbia POLYGONACEAE Polygonum aviculare type P. bistorta type P. persicaria type P. convolvulus type Rumex . R. obtusi folius type URTICACEAE Urtica ULMACEAE Ulmus JUGLANDACEAE Juglans regia MYRICACE,AE Myrica gale BE'TULACEAE Betula Betula cf. nana Alnus glutinosa CORYLACEAE Carpinus betulus Corylus avellana FAGACEAE Fagus sylvatica Quercus SALICACEAE Populus f Salix ERICACEAE Ericales undiff. Calluna IIMPETRACEAE Empetrum nigrum 104

TABLE 19 (Cont. )

A 0 GATOOMBE (G'IW: ) 123

PLUMBAGINACEAE Armeria 'A' line Armeria I BI line PRIMULACEAE Lysimachia vulgaris type Anagallis tenella OLEACEAE Fraxinus excelsior Ligustrum vulgare MENYANTHACEAE Menyanthes trifoliata POL 1ONIACEAE Polemonium caeruleum BORAGINACEAE Symphytum type CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus . SOLANACEAE Solanum cf. dulcamara SCROPHULARIACEAE Scrophularia type Rhinanthus type Melampyrum Odontites type Scrophulariaceae- undiff. LABIATAE Mentha type Prunella type Stachys type Labiatae uidiff. PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago media/major P. lanceolata P. mari tima - P. coronopus CAMPANULACEAE Campanula type RUBIACEAE Galium type 105

TABLE 19 (Cont. )

S GATCOMBE ý.

1ý2: 3 °

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus Viburnum Lonicera VALERIANACEAE Valeriana officinalis V. dioica DIPSACACEAE Knautia Scabiosa Succisa COMPOSITAE . Bi dens type Aster type Anthemis type Artemisia r r r r Ci rsi um type Centaurea scabiosa type C. nigra type C. cyanus ý Serratula type Taraxacum type Cctnpositae undiff. BUTOMACEAE Butomus umbellatus POTAMOGLTONACEAE Potamogeton LILIACEAE Narthecium ossifragum IRIDACEAE Iris pseudacorus ORCHIDACEAE Orchidaceae undiff. I SPARGANIACEAE Sparganium (Typha angustifolia) type TYPHACEAE Typha latifolia T. angustifolia type 106

TABLE 19 (Cont. )

GATCOMBE (GTW: ) NH 123 °ý z

CYPERACEAE Cyperaceae undiff. GRAMINEAE Gramineae undiff. Cereal type SPHAGJACEAE Sphagnum 107

}late 1. Gatcombe Withy Bed: aerial view looking east

Plate 2 Gatcombe Withy tied: Alnetum. ,. y l)

Plate 3. Gatcornbe Withy bed: Salicetum

Plate 4. Gat cL", Lue ]itiiy bed: Late Devensian sediments JOy

Plate S. Munsley Bog

.ý _ý} rte ý"ý s' .

i. 3 I10

t' Ld E IýUI1t II ici bug

J .iý

Plate 8. Jönn Speeds map of 1612