Alauddin Khalji's Conquest of Malwa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Malwa Alauddin Khilji: the greatest ruler of the Khilji Dynasy in India! Alauddin Khilji (d.o.b. unknown-1316) was the greatest ruler of the Khilji Dynasy in India. During his reign, he successfully invaded 6 territories, conquering all of these territories in Northern India. Khilji also conquered territories in Southern India as well. After all of the conquests of India, he took control of all of the nobility. Khilji died of edema. Alauddin Khilji was born in Delhi in 1266 CE, lived his entire life in the Indian subcontinent, and ruled as sultan of Delhi from 1296 CE â“ 1316 CE. By any definition, he would have to be called an Indian monarch, not a foreign invader. As a ruler, he would prove himself to be one of Indiaâ™s greatest warrior kings and one of the worldâ™s great military geniuses.Â Khilji greatly expanded the empire that he inherited from his uncle, Sultan Jalaluddin Khilji, after killing him. Many of his conquests were of kingdoms ruled by Hindu kings, including Chittor, Devgiri, Warangal (from where he acquired the famous Kohinoor diamond), Gujarat, Ranthambore, and the Hoysala and Pandya kingdoms. In 1299, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji sent an army to ransack the Gujarat region of India, which was ruled by the Vaghela king Karna. The Delhi forces plundered several major cities of Gujarat, including Anahilavada (Patan), Khambhat, Surat and Somnath. Karna was able to regain control of at least a part of his kingdom in the later years. However, in 1304, a second invasion by Alauddin's forces permanently ended the Vaghela dynasty, and resulted in the annexation of Gujarat to the Delhi In 1305, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji sent an army to capture the Paramara kingdom of Malwa in central India. The Delhi army defeated and killed the powerful Paramara minister Goga, while the Paramara king Mahalakadeva took shelter in the Mandu fort. Alauddin appointed Ayn al-Mulk Multani as the governor of Malwa. After consolidating his power in Malwa, Ayn al-Mulk besieged Mandu and killed Mahalakadeva. The Khalji dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic origin, which ruled large parts of South Asia between 1290 and 1320. It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji and became the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate of India. The dynasty is known for their faithlessness and ferocity, as well as their raids into the Hindu south and defending the Sultanate against the repeated Mongol invasions of India..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Texts, Tombs and Memory: The Migration, Settlement and Formation of a Learned Muslim Community in Fifteenth-Century Gujarat Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/89q3t1s0 Author Balachandran, Jyoti Gulati Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Texts, Tombs and Memory: The Migration, Settlement, and Formation of a Learned Muslim Community in Fifteenth-Century Gujarat A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Jyoti Gulati Balachandran 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Texts, Tombs and Memory: The Migration, Settlement, and Formation of a Learned Muslim Community in Fifteenth-Century Gujarat by Jyoti Gulati Balachandran Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Chair This dissertation examines the processes through which a regional community of learned Muslim men – religious scholars, teachers, spiritual masters and others involved in the transmission of religious knowledge – emerged in the central plains of eastern Gujarat in the fifteenth century, a period marked by the formation and expansion of the Gujarat sultanate (c. 1407-1572). Many members of this community shared a history of migration into Gujarat from the southern Arabian Peninsula, north Africa, Iran, Central Asia and the neighboring territories of the Indian subcontinent. I analyze two key aspects related to the making of a community of ii learned Muslim men in the fifteenth century - the production of a variety of texts in Persian and Arabic by learned Muslims and the construction of tomb shrines sponsored by the sultans of Gujarat.
[Show full text]
6, Admihistaation the Following Pages Aspire to Present the Picture
6 , ADMIHISTaATION The following pages aspire to present the picture of government machinery and its working in this region during the period under study. The task Is rendered easier, and the onus Is lightened by the eminent authorities on the subject who have, so far, iwltten on the administration of the various dynasties with which the present study Is con cerned. naturally It Is deemed proper to refrain from deal ing In details of the administrative machinery functioning fro® the Vakitaka period to that of the Yadavas. In the following pages, therefore, the administrative asoects, the Information about which we could deduce from the eplgraohs found In this region, are only dealt with. Our principal sources of information, in this connection, are therefore, m the statements made In the epigraphs. The information gleaned from the epigraphs found outside our academic Jurisdiction has also been made use of tw>, present a fuller and better persoective. All the data have been occasionally compared to the rules laid dovmr by the contemoorary Smrtl• writers and statements in the records of other contemporary dynasties. Accounts of the Muslim traders have also been 55 Utilized, If the picture of the administrative machinery presented below is not comoletej it does not mean that the machinery was defective or imperfect. It would simply mean that our scope is limited and we could not get adequate information to make it a complete one. Moreover it should be noted that the dynasties under study were ruling over extensive empires and this region was one of the parts of those.
[Show full text]
Coins of Delhi Sultanate
Coins of Delhi Sultanate 5.1 Do you know Description Image Source Once the Delhi sultanate was firmly established in the 13th century, Indian coinage underwent a major change. The ancient pictorial tradition of coinage gave way to the so-called Islamic type of coins which were sans any pictorial motif. Islamic type of coins had inscription written in Arabic script on both the sides and furnished more information than their ancient counter parts. It offers Religious and Secular information The Khalji sultan Alauddin Muhammad Shah (1296-1316 CE), discarded the name of Abbasid Caliph from his coins and called himself Yamin- ul Khilafat (right hand of Caliph). The title was used for the first time by an Indian ruler. He also adopted the title of sikander-us-sani (Second Alexander). This indicates that he was well aware of the importance of Alexander, and wanted to be recognised as the second Alexander. Qutubuddin Mubarak (1316-1320 CE), the successor of Alauddin Khalji is known to have issued coins in gold, silver, billon and copper. He made a remarkable change in his coin inscription as he has not only discarded the name of Abbasid caliph but declared himself as caliph and called himself khalifullah (caliph of Allah) and Khalifah rabil alemin (caliph of the lord of the world). He also adopted the title of sikander uz zaman. Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351 CE) introduced token currency in bronze. It weighed around 10 gm. and ruler has asked to accept this bronze tanka at the rate of silver tanka current in the market.
[Show full text]
Module -3 the Attack of the Mongols
Module -3 The attack of the Mongols. The Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Transoxiana in north-east Iran in 1219 and the Delhi Sultanate faced their onslaught soon after. Mongols attacks on the Delhi Sultanate increased during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq’s rule-forced the two rulers to mobilise a large standing army in Delhi which posed a huge administrative challenge. See, below how both the sultans dealt with these administrative challenges: Alauddin Khalji Muhammad Tughluq Delhi was attacked twice in 1299/1300 and The Sultanate was attackedin the early years of 1302-1303. As a defensive measure, Aluddin Muhammad Tughluq’s reign. The Mongol army Khalji raised a large standing army. was defeated. Muhammad Tughluq was confident about the strength of his army and his resources to plan an attack on Transoxiana. He therefore raised a large standing army. Alauddin constructed a new garrison town Rather than constructing a new garrison town, the named Siri for his soldiers. oldest of the four cities of Delhi was emptied of its residents and the soldiers garrisoned there. The residents were sent to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south. Produce from the same area was collected as tax The soldiers had to be fed. This was done to feed the army. But to meet the expense of through the produce collected as tax from lands maintaining such a large number of soldiers the between the Ganga and Yamuna. Tax was sultan levied additional taxes. This coincided with fixed at 50 percent of the peasant’s yield.
[Show full text]
Alauddin Khalji's Conquest of Multan
Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Multan Some Lesser Known Facts About Alauddin Khalji. According to the 16th-17th century chronicler Haji-ud-Dabir, Alauddin was born as Ali Gurshasp in Qalat, Zabul Province, Afghanistan. Alauddin was the eldest of the four sons of his father Shihabuddin Masâ™ud (who was the elder brother of the Khalji Dynastyâ™s founder Sultan Jalaluddin). After his fatherâ™s death, Alauddin was brought up by his uncle Jalaluddin. Alauddin and his younger brother Almas Beg, both married Jalaluddinâ™s daughters. When Jalaluddin became the Sultan of Delhi, he appointed Alauddin as Amir-i-Tuzuk (equivalent to Master of cer In November 1296, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji sent an expedition to conquer Multan. His objective was to eliminate the surviving family members of his predecessor Jalaluddin Khalji, whom he had assassinated to usurp the throne of Delhi. Multan was governed by Jalaluddin's eldest son Arkali Khan. Alauddin's generals Ulugh Khan and Zafar Khan besieged Multan for around two months. They managed to gain control of the city after Arkali Khan's officers defected to their side. The surviving family members of Jalaluddin were imprisoned, and later, several of them were eit...Â For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Multan. Home. News. 2. Alauddin Khalji â“ Ala ud-Din Khilji, born Juna Muhammad Khilji, was the second ruler of the Khilji dynasty reigning from 1296 to 1316. He is considered to be one of the most powerful rulers in Indian history, Malik KÄfÅ«r returned to Delhi in 1311 laden with spoils.Â After his conquest of Sindh, Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 CE captured Multan from the local ruler Chach of Alor following a two-month siege, following bin Qasims conquest, the citys subjects remained mostly non-Muslim for the next few centuries.
[Show full text]
Unit 10 Western and Central India
UNIT 10 WESTERN AND CENTRAL INDIA Structure Objectives Introduction The Rise of Rajput Dynasties Origin Legends: Their Political Implications Distribution of Political Authority 10.4.1 Prolifuat:mn of Rajput Clans 10.4.2 Formation of Lineage Power 10.4.3 Process of Rising in Social Status Consolidation of Lineage Power Nature and Structure of Polity 10.6.1 Political Instability 10.6.2 Bureaucratic Structure I 10.6.3 Lineage State and Feudal Polity Let Us Sum up Key Words Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises OBJECTIVES After studying this Unit you will: know about how various political power configurations emerged in Western and Central India, understand the nature of the distribution of political authority as well as the. structure of polity, and be able to analyse the patternsof the formation of political powers rnd their consolidation. INTRODUCTION In conventional studies on Indian polity there is greater stress on the genealogy of the ruling dynasties and chronology of their rules. Changes in polity are mostly conceived as chadges represented by dynastic shifts. In view of the inadequacy of this framework, recent studies on the polity have attempted to view the ancient and medieval polity from the perspective of possible processes which were in operation. There is a marked emphasis now on themes such as state formation, structure of polity, nature of power and political control, etc. However generalization at sub- continental level need to be,probed further from a microscopic point of view. In this Unit we shall know about the emergence and evolution of regional polity in Western and Central ~n'dia.This region comprises modern states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and most of Madhya Pradesh.
[Show full text]
Socio-Cultural Role of Muslim Women During the Sultanate Period
•fa W SOCIO-CULTURAL ROLE OF MUSLIM WOMEN DURING THE SULTANATE PERIOD DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF jRasftcr of ^Ijilosfopljp in Jslamtc ^tubics! By Under the Supervision of Prof. lafarul Islam DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES > :i:)iri ^ ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY \/^ei ALIGARH-202002 (INDIA) 2009 M /fWVinN 1 9 SEr 2012 DS4034 Phones : Ext. 2701131, Int. 1365,1366 Fax : 0571-2700528 DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202 002 (INDIA) 25/9/2009 Dated CERTIFICATE This is to Certify that the M.Phil. Dissertation entitled "Socio- Cultural Role of Muslim Women during the Sultanate Period" is an original work done by Ms, Aliya Hasan under my Supervision. The Dissertation is fit for submission for the award of M.Phil, degree in Islamic Studies. (Prof Zafarul Islam) Supervisor CONTENTS Acknowledgement Introduction CHAPTER -1 Advent And Spread Of Islam in India 1-19 CHAPTER - II Social Structure In Sultanate Period 20-50 CHAPTER - III Socio-Cultural Activities Of Muslim 51-68 Women In Sultanate Period CHAPTER - IV Role Of Muslim Women In Political And 69-124 Religious Life Conclusion 125 - 127 Bibliography 128-134 ACKNOWLEDGEMEMT Acknowledgement First of all I thank the Almighty Allah, the most gracious and merciful, who gave me the gift of impression and insights for the completion of this work with a sense of utmost gratitude and indebtness. 1 consider my pleasant duty to express my sincere thanks to my Supervisor Prof. Zafarul Islam, Chairman, Department of Islamic Studies who granted me the privilege of working under his guidance and assigned me the topic "Socio and Cultural Role of Muslim Women during Sultanate Period (1206 to 1526)".
[Show full text]
Sources of the Sultanate Period
Sources of the Sultanate Period A large number of literary sources are available for the medieval period. They provide a more reliable information and insight about the life of the people of the period. These sources inform us of the administrative set up of the rulers, their theory of kingship, military achievements etc. They also reflect the state of cultural, economic, political and religious institutions. We should keep in view the following points while utilizing these sources: (1) Absolute historical truth is elusive, (2) Absolute impartial history is rather impossible, (3) Every kind of prejudice, caste, faith, personal racial, regional and religious etc., possessed by the historian has exercised some influence in recording events and facts, (4) All possible efforts need to be made to sift facts from fiction, (5) Since most of the books were written on the command of the rulers or by them, they contain material which has to be treated with care and caution, (6) Different sources to be used while arriving at some definite conclusion. Important Chronicles: Kamilut-Tawarikh of Ibnul Asir: For the history of Central Asia and the Rise of the Shansabani Dynasty of Ghor, the Kamilut-Tawarikh of Ibnul Asir gives us a lot of information. The book was completed in 1230. The author was a contemporary to many of the events narrated in the last two volumes of his work He used a critical judgment in utilizing his sources of information and the result was that his account has rarely been found to be wrong. As regards his notices of Indian affairs, those are remarkably correct so far as the dates and essential facts are concerned.
[Show full text]
M E H T a C S . X
MEHTA C s .X.) * P ^ . n ) . i q £ h ProQuest Number: 10731380 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731380 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 if£ Political History of Gujarat CAD, JMn 750 - 950 Shobhana Khimjibhai Mehta Thesis submitted for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the University of London. September 1961, CONTENTS page Acknowledgements.... 2 Abstract ... ................. ... ... * * •. ♦ 3 List of Abbreviations.......................... 5 Chapter I. The Sources ....................... 8 Chapter II. Chronology ........ .. ... ... 27 Chapter III. Gujarat at the Decline of the Maitrakas and After ......... 56 Chapter IV. The Saindhavas ... ... ........ 84 Chapter V. The Capas ... .... 106 Chapter VI. The Paramaras ... 135 Chapter VII. The Caulukyas...... ................. 199 Conclusion............... 254 Genealogical Tables ... ... ................... 259 Appendices. (i) The Gurjaras of Broach ... 270 (ii) The Early Cahama^mjLS. ............. 286 Bibliography (i) List of Inscriptions ............ 297 (ii) Primary Sources ........ 307 (iii) Secondary Sources .................. 309 (iv) List of Articles.................... 316 Maps. (a) Gujarat under the Maitraka • ... (b) Gujarat under the Paramaras ........ (c) Gujarat under the Caulukyas ........ (d) India in ca. 977 A.D...........
[Show full text]
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE History of India, C
B.A.(Programme) Semester-III HISTORY DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE History of India, c. 1200-1700 STUDY MATERIAL : Unit I-VII SCHOOL OF OPEN LEARNING University of Delhi Department of History Course Coordinator : Dr. Rajni Nanda Mathew Content Writers Dr. Meera Khare Dr. Madhu Trivedi Associate Professor (Retired) Associate Professor (Retired) Department of History, School of Open Learning, PGDAV College (M), University of Delhi University of Delhi, Delhi Dr. Rakesh Kumar Dr. Shubhra Sinha Associate Professor Associate Professor, Ram Lal Anand College, Department of History, University of Delhi Kamla Nehru College, University of Delhi Dr. Sarbani Kumar Dr. Parul Lau Gaur Associate Professor Assistant Professor P G D A V College (Morning) Ram Lal Anand College University of Delhi University of Delhi Undergraduate Course DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE History of India, c. 1200-1700 Contents Unit I : Foundation, Expansion and Consolidation of the Sultanates of Delhi c. 13th to 15th century Unit II : Regional Political Formation: Vijayanagara Unit III : Foundation, Expansion and Consolidation of The Mughal State, c.16th to 17th Century Unit IV : 17th Century Transitions: Marathas Unit V : Art and Architecture In Medieval India Unit VI : Society, Culture and Religion Unit VII : Economy and Integrated Patterns of Exchange Course Coordinator Dr. Rajni Nanda Mathew SCHOOL OF OPEN LEARNING University of Delhi 5, Cavalry Lane, Delhi-110007 Unit I FOUNDATION, EXPANSION AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE SULTANATES OF DELHI C. 13TH TO 15TH CENTURY 1.1 Foundation and Expansion of the Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1236) The Foundation of Delhi Sultanate The sudden death of Muhammad Ghuri in 1206 by an assasin created a difficult situation for the Turks in Northern India.
[Show full text]
154 EXPANSW)N Unwl the KHALJIS
' 15.0 objectives 15.1 In- 15.2 ExpcrasionuntkrtheKhaljis 15.2.1 Wat md Ceadnl 15.2.2 North-West md Nath Indis 15.2.3 Dccan +SoutLnud Exp.luioa 15.3 Exprnsioaundcrthe~u~s 15.3.1 'Lhe South 15.3.2 Eest Iadir 1%3.3 NntbWatmd North 15.4 Let Us Sum Up 15.5 Keywads 15.6 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises You have rdin Unit 14 that after military conquests, the rulers of the Delhi Sultmate ad thanadvc8 on the t& of ddatingthe Sultanate. 'Ihe first buadrea years of the -Ddbi Sultanate did not thus witness any- large-scale expansion of tbeiaiCbl~~oftheSultsartc.Itwasoalyaftcrfirstesta~gtheroots d the SulClraate that attention was paid to the expansion of the boundaries of the Mtmmc in the fommcath century. Aha reading this Unit you will know about: a the tedtorial expamion of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century in the north, north-west and north-east, and '. 'Ibe initial surge of occupation untkr the early Turkish Sultans died down about the middle of the tbtenth century. Now the primary obj&ve,of the hter Sultans hrrune.theconsold.bon. of the Sultanate. Tbus, it was not until the establishment of the Kbslji rule that the boumhies of the Sultanate expanded beyond the early gains. 'ibe werthmw of the Turtirh hegemony at the end of the thirteenth century and its replacement with the Khaljis, under whom the exclusive racial character of the ruling dass was thoroughly diluted, is thus an event not without significance. 'Ihe opening up of the Sultanate and diveparticipation of ruling groups in managing the &firs of the !Wauate made ~~expansion a feaaiMe propsition.
[Show full text]
The Delhi Sultans
3 THE DELHI SULTANS n Chapter 2 we saw that regions like the Kaveri delta I became the centre of large kingdoms. Did you notice that there was no mention of a kingdom with Delhi as its capital? That was because Delhi became an important city only in the twelfth century. Take a look at Table 1. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs, who were defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by the Map 1 Chauhans (also referred to as Chahamanas) of Ajmer. Selected Sultanate It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi cities of Delhi, thirteenth-fourteenth became an important commercial centre. Many rich centuries. Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples. Coins minted here, called dehliwal, had a wide circulation. The transformation of Delhi into a capital that controlled vast areas of the subcontinent started with the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate in the beginning of the thirteenth century. Take a look at Table 1 again and identify the five dynasties that together made the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultans built many cities in the area that we now - know as Delhi. Look at Map 1 and locate Dehli-i Kuhna, Siri - and Jahanpanah. OUR PASTS – II 30 2021-22 The rulers of Delhi Table 1 RAJPUT DYNASTIES Tomaras Early twelfth century-1165 Ananga Pala 1130-1145 Chauhans 1165-1192 Prithviraj Chauhan 1175-1192 EARLY TURKISH RULERS 1206-1290 Qutbuddin Aybak 1206-1210 Shamsuddin Iltutmish 1210-1236 Raziyya 1236-1240 Ghiyasuddin Balban 1266-1287 Iltutmish’s tomb KHALJI DYNASTY 1290-1320 Jalaluddin
[Show full text]