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The Boletoideae of Florida with Notes on Extralimital Species III

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The Boletoideae of Florida with Notes on Extralimital Species III The American MidlandNaturalist PublishedBi-Monthly by The Universityof NotreDame, NotreDame, Indiana VOL. 37 JANUARY, 1947 No. 1 TheBoletoideae of Florida The Boletineae of Florida with Notes on Extralimital Species 111.1 Rolf Singer The Boletoideaeare the centralgroup of the Boletaceae,the most typical representativesof whatwe commonlycall boletes.In generalappearance, they resemblemost closely Boletus edulis Bull. ex. Fr., the type of the genus Boletus whichin its turnis the nomenclatoraltype of the familyBoletaceae and the subfamilyBoletoideae. The precedingpapers on the Boletineaeof Florida dealt withthe less typical"boletes," i.e., formsthat are aberrantin importantcharacters either of the sporesand hymenium(Strobilomycetaceae), or in havingclamped hyphal septa (Gyrodontoideae),or formsbelonging to that characteristictype of obligatorysymbionts of conifers(Suilloideae), or to a groupwith atypical tramal structure. The Boletoideaeare, as faras the numberof speciesis concerned,by farthe largestsubfamily of the Boletaceae in Florida. This is in strikingcontrast withsuch boreal regionsas most of Canada, the northernpart of the Rocky Mountains,or Siberia wherethe Suilloideae undoubtedlymaintain the first place in abundanceand in importance.On the otherhand, the genus Boletus and allied generaare supposed to be rare in tropicalregions. Actually there seemsto be a beltreaching from New Jerseysouth to North Floridawhere the numberof boletoidspecies is unusuallyhigh, only to diminshboth southward and northwardwithout, however, disappearing wholly in eitherthe tropicalor in the boreal zone. The numberof species is much higherin this continent than in Europe. Florida alone has 39 speciesof Boletoideae,not countingthe specieswhich are imperfectlyknown, and omittingthe subspeciesand varieties. As for the determinationof the genera (Phlebopus,Pulveroboletus, Bole- tus,Xanthoconium, Tylopilus, Leccinum) the readeris referredto the keysin part 112 of Boletineaeof Florida (Farlowia 2:225-230. 1945). SubfamilyBoletoideae, subfam.nov. Fungi familiaeBoletacearum, characteres subfamiliae Suilloidearum (Far- lowia 2:250. 1945) haud reunientibus,tramate typice bilaterali-divergente; 1 The firsttwo monographson Florida Boletineae,treating the Strobilomycetaceae and the Boletaceae subfamiliesGyrodontoideae, Suilloideae, and Xerocomoideaehave appeared in Farlowia 2(1) :97-141. 1945 and Farlowia 2(2) :223-303. 1945. A fourth monograph,on the lamellateBoletineae, has appearedin Farlowia 2(4) :527-567. 1946. 2 The numbersin parenthesespreceding the generaare thoseof the keys. This content downloaded from 160.36.178.25 on Thu, 16 Oct 2014 13:11:59 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 2 THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST [Vol.37 hyphishaud fibuligeris;sporis haud flavisin cumuloatque ellipsoideissub- microscopio;hymenophoris nunquam lamellosis. Charactersof the subfamily:see key,Farlowia, 1. c. and theabove Latin diagnosis.The typegenus is BoletusDill. ex Fr. em. 1(10). PHLEBOPUS (Heim) Sing., Ani. Mycol. 34:326. 1936. Boleussubgenus Phlebopus Heim, Rev. de Mycol.1:6. 1936. Charactersof the genus: The genusPhlebopus is representedby two speciesin Africaand at leasttwo more in Asia, Europeand Americawhere, however,the moststriking characters of the stipeon whichthe genuswas foundedare almostcompletely lost. They thusbecome very similar to the speciesof Pulveroboletusfrom which they differ in theshape of thehymeno- phorewhich consists of relativelyshort to mediumlong tubeswith a concave- arcuatelower surface at leastin youngspecimens. The tubesare distinctly decurrentor at leastshow a decurrenttooth; they are never depressed around the stipe.The myceliumis veryabundantly developed around the base and quitefrequently forms some kind of pseudosclerotium.The contextfrequent- ly changesto blue wheninjured. There is no veil.The Africanspecies, in additionto thesecharacters have a conspicuouslyfurrowed stipe. The sporesof mostof the speciesare ovoid-ellipsoidbut in someforms of P. sulphureus theyare more elongate, often cylindric. The typespecies of thegenus Phlebo- pus is Boletus(Phlebopus) colossus Heim. KEY TO THE SECTIONS A. Stipefurrowed below. On theearth and on thebase of Coffea-trunks.African species-Sect. Colossi A.Stipe scarcely or not furrowed on the base. On trunksand stumps of trees,also onsawdust (conifers, Acacia). Not occurring inAfrica, at leastnot in tropical Africa -Sect. Sulphurei SectionColossi, sect. nov. Stipitebasin versus canaliculato. Species Africanae. Charactersof thesection: see keyand Latin diagnosis. The typespecies is P. colossus(Heim) Sing.The dispositionof thislatter species has been made bythis writer on theassumption that the shape of thespores (Heim, 1. c., p. 11, fig.2, 2), thehymenophore (I.c pl. 1), and theabsence of clampconnec- tions(l.c. fig.2, 1) as drawnin Heim'soriginal figures correctly depict the subject.A fungusof much the same type but smaller and thinner,is P. capen- sis (Sacc.) Sing.The long,fusoid spores of thelatter may be attributedto a parasiterather than to a bolete.Type material is notavailable at present. SectionSulphurei, sect. nov. Stipitead basinvix ve1 haud canaliculato. Ad sarmentaet ad truncos. Charactersof thesection: see keyand Latindiagnosis. The typespecies is P. sulphureus(Fr.) Sing. (Boletussulphureus Fr.) This content downloaded from 160.36.178.25 on Thu, 16 Oct 2014 13:11:59 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 1947] SINGER: THE BOLETOIDEAE OF FLORIDA 3 KEY TO THE SPECIES A. Pileus dark brownto olive brownwith a slightgreen shimmer; said to grow on wood of Acacia - P. viperinus A. Pileus yellow; on pine,and coniferoussawdust -1. P. sulphureus Description of the Species Occurring in Florida 1. Phlebopus sulphureus (Fr.) Sing. comb. nov. Boletussulphureus Fr., Epicrisis,p. 413. 1838. Bolefushemichrysus Berk. & Curt.,Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 12:429. 1853. Boletussphaerocephalus Barla, Champ. Nice, p. 72. 1859. Versipellissulfurea Quel., Enchir.,p. 157. 1886. Viscipellissphaerocephala Que61., Enchir., p. 155. 1886. Xerocomussulfureus Qu6l., Flore Mycol., p. 419. 1888. Ixocomussphaerocephalus Qu6l., Flore Mycol., p. 415. 1888. Bolelus hemichrysusvar. mulabilisPeck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 8:104. 1889. Suillussulphureus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 3:536. 1898. Ceriomyceshemichrysus Murr., Mycologia 1:148. 1909. Boletussulphureus f. sphaerocephalusKonr. & Maubl., Icon. Sel. 6:469. 1937. ?Bolelus sulphureusf. silvestrisKallenbach, Ann. Mycol. 22:410. 1924. ?Bolelus lignicolaKallenbach, Pilze Mitteleur.1:57. 1929. ?Xerocomuslignicola Sing., Ann. Mycol. 40:43. 1942. Pileus almost "primulin yellow" when young, becoming "straw yellow," with the margin mostly "picric yellow" to "pale lemon yellow," faintly ap- pressedly fibrillose-subvelutinouswith velutinous margin but more or less glabrescent,slightly shining when properly dried, slightly viscid when wet but drying quickly, the outermost layer very soft and detersible when dried, and then the color "pinard yellow" at the margin, more "baryta yellow" with a tinge of "pale orange yellow" toward the center which in age becomes "anti- mony yellow," hemispheric, then pulvinate with umbo, or obtuse, with in- curved, later lobed margin, 30-200 mm. broad. Hymenophore yellow, initially arcuate-concave and adnate with a decurrent tooth or plainly decur- rent; tubes up to 9 mm. long and of rather equal length from near the stipe to near the margin; pores about 3 per mm., their diameter individually very variable, from 0.5-0.75 mm. near the margin to up to 1 mm. near the stipe; spore print with a distinct olive shade. - Stipe as brighta yellow as the pileus, subglabrous or somewhat fibrillose when fresh, the fibrillosityappearing Ike pulverulence when dried, detersible,ventricose or with the basal portion taper- ing downwards, or in age tapering from the apex downwards, smooth but with the upper half often coarsely fibrillose-ribbedor venose, the apex often brown spotted in old specimens, solid, up to 100 x 35 mm.; mycelium bright yellow. - Context colored almost as the surface, bluing when injured, but the change is variable in promptness and intensity,absent in old and dry material; odor none; taste mild. Spores 5.5-11 x 2.7-4.8,u, ovoid-ellipsoid to cylindric-oblongor cylindric- subclavate, rarely tilda-shaped, thin-walled, brownish melleous to melleous- pallid, the more elongate the paler; basidia 12-28 x 6.8-7.5,u, 4-spored, very few 2-spored (in the short-sporedform only); cystidia 17-36 x 6-8.2ju, very numer- ous on the pores, hyaline to deep melleous, naked or incrusted, fusoid-ampul- laceous or fusoid-mucronate, or plainly fusiform; trama subhyaline, to This content downloaded from 160.36.178.25 on Thu, 16 Oct 2014 13:11:59 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 4 THE AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST [Vol. 37 yellowish,the mediostratum deeper melleous, denser than the lateral stratum, theouter hyphae of themediostratum somewhat diverging as are thehyphae of theloosely arranged lateral stratum, the mediostratum comparatively thick fora boletoidspecies, and progressivelythickening while maturing and then not distinguishablefrom a tramaof the Phylloporus-type;cuticular velvet deepcanary yellow when seen in a thicklayer but single hyphae almost hyaline, thin-walled,smooth, cylindric, equal, 3.5-7ju in diameter;all hyphaewithout clampconnections. Chemicalreactions.-KOH on surfaceof pileus,brownish; on tubesand pores,deep castaneous; on contextochraceous brown. - NH3 and NH4OH on surfaceof pileushardly reacting at all; on contextprovoking
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