Politicas Publicas Arranjos Pro

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Politicas Publicas Arranjos Pro Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Economia Doutorado em Economia Aplicada Políticas Públicas e o Desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais em Regiões Periféricas Eduardo José Monteiro da Costa Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rinaldo Barcia Fonseca Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Economia Aplicada na área de concentração de Desenvolvimento Econômico. Campinas, 10 de agosto de 2007 i Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela biblioteca do Instituto de Economia/UNICAMP Costa, Eduardo Jose Monteiro da C823p Politicas publicas e o desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais em regiões perifericas / Eduardo Jose Monteiro da Costa. Campinas, SP: [s.n.], 2007. Orientador: Rinaldo Barcia da Fonseca. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadua l de Campinas, Instituto de Economia. 1. Politicas publicas - Brasil. 2. Desenvolvimento regional - Brasil. 4. Clusters. I. Fonseca, Rinaldo Barcia da, 1949 - II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Economia. III. Título. 08 -001 -BIE Título em Inglês: Public politics and the clusters development in periferic regions. Keywords : Clusters; Public politics – Brazil; Regional development – Brazil. Área de concentração : Desenvolvimento Econômico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente. Titulação : Doutorado em Economia Aplicada. Banca examinadora : Prof. Dr. Rinaldo Barcia da Fonseca. Prof. Dr. Carlos Américo Pacheco. Prof. Dr. Carlos Antonio Brandão. Prof. Dr. Cláudio Castelo Branco Puty. Prof. Dra. Edna Castro. Data da defesa: 10/08/2006. Programa de Pós-Graduação : Economia Aplicada. ii Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Economia Doutorado em Economia Aplicada Autor: Eduardo José Monteiro da Costa Título: Políticas Públicas e o Desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais em Regiões Periféricas Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rinaldo Barcia Fonseca Aprovada em: 10 de agosto de 2007 EXAMINADORES: Prof. Dr. Rinaldo Barcia Fonseca (IE/Unicamp) ____________________ Presidente Prof. Dr. Carlos Américo Pacheco (IE/Unicamp) _____________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Antônio Brandão (IE/Unicamp) _____________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudio Castelo Branco Puty (CSE/UFPa) _____________________ Prof. Dra. Edna Castro (NAEA/UFPa) _____________________ Campinas, 10 de agosto de 2007 iii iv RESUMO Nos últimos anos os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) vêm se constituindo como um importante instrumento de política econômica. Em que pese isto, grande parte da ação pública que objetiva o apoio ao desenvolvimento destes aglomerados carece de uma agenda que dê direção e coerência para a intervenção, potencializando e otimizando a ação do Estado. Este trabalho, portanto, com foco nesta problemática, procura levantar os limites e as possibilidades de intervenção do setor público nas aglomerações produtivas industriais brasileiras, estabelecendo uma agenda de intervenção para o desenvolvimento de APLs consolidados. A conclusão do trabalho é que de forma dialética os arranjos produtivos estabelecem-se, por um lado, como um importante instrumento de desenvolvimento em regiões periféricas e, por outro, como o resultado de políticas adequadas, articuladas e pactuadas de desenvolvimento regional. v vi ABSTRACT In the last few years the clusters are building an important political economical instrument. A big part of the public action has an aim of support for development of the clusters that need an agenda which gives a diretion and coerence to interfere, potencilizing the action of the State. This work searches the limitis os possibilits os intervation of public area fo the productive industrial brasilian clusters, establishing an agenda to the development for those consolidating clusters. The conclusion of this work is dialectic as an important instrument of development for those perefiric regions, on the other hand, as a result of rigth politics and articulated regional development. vii viii Sumário Introdução ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Capítulo I – A Construção da Era de Ouro: o Sistema Industrial Moderno e o Modo de Regulação Keynesiano ............. 7 1.1. Apresentando conceitos fundamentais ..................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. A Primeira Ruptura Industrial e o surgimento do Sistema Industrial Moderno ...................................................................... 19 1.3. O Regime Macro-Institucional da Era de Ouro........................................................................................................................ 27 Capítulo II – A Era da Flexibilidade e os Novos Espaços Produtivos: a Ascensão das Atividades Produtivas Aglomeradas de Pequenas e Médias Empresas ........................................................................................................................... 37 2.1. O crepúsculo da Era de Ouro.................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.2. O nascimento de um novo paradigma e os novos espaços produtivos...................................................................................... 44 2.3. O Regime Macro-Institucional da Era Flexível........................................................................................................................ 62 Capítulo III – A Teoria Contemporânea do Desenvolvimento: cultura, instituições, governança, território e aglomerações de empresas ............................................................................................................................................................. 81 3.1. Observações iniciais á problemática do capítulo...................................................................................................................... 81 3.2. Primórdios do debate desenvolvimento e espaço................................................................................................................... 85 3.2.1. A Teoria Neoclássica da Localização...................................................................................................................... 85 3.2.2. A Escola de Sociologia Urbana de Chicago............................................................................................................ 89 3.2.3. A Economia do Desenvolvimento........................................................................................................................... 92 3.3. A Teoria do Desenvolvimento Econômico Endógeno.............................................................................................................. 99 3.4. Quatro teorias contemporâneas das aglomerações de empresas............................................................................................... 115 3.4.1. A Teoria Neo-Schumpeteriana................................................................................................................................ 116 3.4.2. A teoria dos estudiosos dos Distritos Industriais Italianos...................................................................................... 118 3.4.3. A Teoria da Nova Geografia Econômica................................................................................................................. 121 3.4.4. A Teoria da Escola de Harvard................................................................................................................................ 123 Capítulo IV – Arranjos Produtivos Locais: Fundamentos para a Elaboração de Políticas Públicas .................................... 125 4.1. Definição operacional de Arranjo Produtivo Local.................................................................................................................. 126 4.2. A geografia dos APLs no Brasil: um exercício analítico.......................................................................................................... 131 4.2.1. A geografia dos APLs no Brasil com base no levantamento do MDIC.................................................................. 134 4.2.2. A geografia dos APLs no Brasil com base no levantamento do IPEA.................................................................... 152 4.3. Características estruturais de aglomerações produtivas industriais do Brasil........................................................................... 166 4.4. Os Arranjos Produtivos Locais e o desenvolvimento regional no Brasil.................................................................................. 174 4.5. Vetores condicionantes do sucesso das experiências internacionais........................................................................................ 184 Capítulo V – Políticas Públicas e o Desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais em Regiões Periféricas: construindo uma agenda propositiva ........................................................................................................................................... 205 5.1. A importância das políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento de regiões periféricas: um debate inicial................................. 205 5.2. Limites e possibilidades das políticas públicas no apoio ao desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais: uma agenda propositiva.......................................................................................................................................................................................
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