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Home , Black marsh turtle, Heosemys, Siebenrockiella

STUDBOOK BREEDING PROGRAMME

SIEBENROCKIELLA CRASSICOLLIS BLACK MARSH

Photo: Henk Zwartepoorte, 2006

Annual report 2004 and 2005 H.A. Zwartepoorte, -Coordinator.

Studbook/breeding programme – crassicollis.

Contents:

1. Introduction. 2. Studbook population. 3. Locations. 4. Births. 5. Imports. 6. Deaths. 7. Transfers. 8.1 Discussion and future plans. 8.2 References.

1. Introduction. For several decades this gentle, quiet and secretive living species is imported in western countries. Breeding results were and are still poor. Freshly imported do not adapt easily to captive situations. Often these animals suffer from dehydration, endo-parasites and skin diseases. As soon as the animals are adapted they prove to be rather easy to keep. Nevertheless the species is still not a popular species within the private hobbyist sector. During the last few decades it could not “compete” with much more colourful freshwater species such as Cuora galbinifrons and the other rare species such as C. trifasciata and species such as arachnoides and Malacochersus tornieri. The so called pet sector is capriciously and supply and demand is a determining factor in the international commercial pet trade. The black marsh turtle became a CITES protected species in November 2002. Important reason for this international protected status is the severe decline of numbers in the wild. Since several decades the species is exported in extremely large numbers from its range countries to the Peoples Republic of China for human consumption. In other south east Asian countries such as , Laos, Cambodia the human consumption increased as well. Nevertheless an ongoing and increasing export from these countries to China proceeded. Other important exporting countries to China are , , Bangladesh and . In 1999 for instance Malaysia exported a total of 2.469.504 live in the first 9 months of which 964.332 were native species collected from the wild (Sharma & Tisen, 2000); 5.47 % of these numbers were S. crassicollis. Indonesia exported 828 tons of live turtles representing at least 369.719 individual turtles in 1998. Trade observations however in estimated that at least 25 tons of live turtles were exported per week from Sumatra alone (Shepherd, 2000); 14 % of these numbers were S. crassicollis. Since S. crassicollis is a CITES protected species occasionally illegal shipments are confiscated. Very well known event was the confiscation of 10.000 turtles in Hong Kong in December 2001. All turtles were temporarily homed at the Kadoorie Farms and Botanic Gardens. Among the 12 confiscated species, all having a more or less endangered status were 2972 S. crassicollis. 1409 (47,4%) died during the first few weeks, 1002 (33,7%) was shipped to the Unites States , 204 (6,9%) were sent to Europe and 357 (12%) staid for a longer period at KFBG (Ades & Crow, 2002). 3

In the Unites States 56% of the imported 1002 died during the weeks and months after import. Large numbers suffered from endo-parasites, severe dehydration and skin and shell diseases. (Hudson & Buhlmann, 2002). The same casualties were seen in the Europe shipment. The shipment and dividing of the total of 1100 turtles was coordinated and carried out by the Rotterdam . The flight from Hong Kong to Amsterdam was carried out by KLM free of charge. The 204 Black Marsh turtles were divided among several EAZA institutions (the major part) and a few privates organised within the European Studbook Foundation (ESF) (the lesser part). Eventually only a few specimens were entered into the ESF studbook. By the European Association for and Aquariums (EAZA) directly a European Studbook (ESB) was initiated and the Plock Zoo in Poland took up the coordination of the ESB. At present the exact number of living animals is unknown and a survey is currently carried out by the Plock Zoo (Niwelinsky, 2005, pers. com) Four years after this CITES Hong Kong/TSA and EAZA/ESF action it is time for evaluation of numbers and data (see Discussion).

2. Studbook population. During 2004 no births and transfers were reported. At location Schilde two specimens (studbook numbers 000016 and 000017) died. At December 31, 2004 the total studbook population was 6.16.4 (28) specimens. During 2005 22 new entries were reported and one death (studbook number 000018) was reported at location Schilde bringing the total number of specimens at December 31, 2005 at the total of 12.30.8 (50) specimens. The living population however at December 31, 2005 was 9.19.8 (36) specimens.

3. Locations. The number of participants increased from 8 to 14. The participants are divided over three countries: Germany (3), Belgium (1) and The Netherlands (10). Due to transfer of 1.3 specimens from one ESF participant to the Prague Zoo and the death of 1.1 specimens at one ESF location the number of Dutch participants went down to 8.

4. Births. During 2004 no births are reported. During 2005 no births are reported.

5. Imports. During 2004 no imports are reported. During 2005 22 new specimens are reported to the studbook. The privately owned zoo Iguana in Vlissingen in the Netherlands offered their complete breeding group (1.1 adults and 8 offspring) (studbook numbers 000029 – 000038) to the studbook; this meant a great boost for the breeding programme. The Iguana-group was directly transferred to 5 new participants, and two were transferred to two already existing studbook participants. Furthermore one new participant entered into the studbook with 9 specimens (studbook numbers 000039 – 000047) and the Rotterdam Zoo loaned out 1.1 (studbook numbers 000049 – 000050) to one new studbook participant. 4

6. Deaths. During 2004 four deaths were reported. One male and one female (studbook numbers 000016 and 000017) died at location Schilde. During 2005 three deaths was reported. One female (studbook number 000018) died at location Schilde, and 1.1 (studbook numbers 000011 and 000012) died at location V.d.Veer.

7. Transfers. During 2004 no transfers are reported within the studbook however 1.3 specimens (studbook numbers 000006 – 000009) were transferred on loan to the Prague Zoo in the Check Republic on December 23, and thus were removed from the ESF studbook. During 2005 one transfer is reported. During December one new entry (studbook number 000048) was directly transferred from location Govers to Lybaert.

8.1. Discussion and future plans. Although not a primarily task for the ESF studbook evaluation of the Hong Kong shipment of January 2002 is highly necessary. A total number of 204 specimens entered into the European EAZA and ESF studbooks. Due to high mortality during in particular the first few months this number dropped to probably less than 100. The EAZA ESB studbook keeper will be proposed to intensify a survey among the EAZA recipients and to tighten cooporation between both EAZA and ESF. The outcome of the survey can also be used for proper TSA reporting on the total Hong Kong shipment. Good reliable data are necessary with respect to record keeping, and future planning and management and policy making regarding taking in confiscated shipments. Drafting husbandry and breeding guidelines is a first priority. Regarding nutrition a study is carried out by two Dutch students at the Van Hall Institute in Leeuwarden/The Netherlands. The data of this study by Loes Spit and Marita Hasewinkel (2003) will be used for further research on nutrition. The EAZA ESB studbook keeper will be proposed to draft these husbandry and breeding guidelines together for the benefit of both the studbooks. Cooporation regarding a joint management of both studbooks must be very well possible. With a population of an estimated 150 specimens (EAZA and ESF) it must be possible to come to reproduction and to come to a stable healthy captive European population. The private ESF studbook remains relatively small with 36 living specimens in spite of the increase during 2005 with 22 new entries.

8.2. References.

Ades , G and P. Crow, 2002. The Asian Turtle Rescue Operation: Temporary Holding and Placement at Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Gardens, Hong Kong. Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter. No. 6. Pp. 5-7. Hudson, R and K. Buhlmann, 2002. Turtle rescue – Turtle Survival Alliance Executive Summery. Turtle and Tortoise Newsletter. No. 6. Pp.12-14. Sharma, D.S.K. and O.B. Tisen, 2000. Freshwater and turtle and Tortoise Utilisation and in Malaysia. Pp. 120-128 in Asian Turtle Trade: Proceedings of a Workshop on Conservation and Trade of Freshwater Turtles and in Asia (van Dijk, Stuart & Rhodin, eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs, Number 2. 5

Shephard, C.R. 2002. Export of live freshwater turtles and tortoises from North Sumatra and Riau, Indonesia: a case study. Pp. 112-119 in Asian Turtle Trade: Proceedings of a Workshop on Conservation and Trade of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises in Asia (van Dijk, Stuart & Rhodin, eds). Chelonian Research Monographs, Number 2. Spit, Loes en Marita Hasewinkel, 2003. Dietary requirements of Asian Turtles. A Study on ex situ feeding of grandis, Orlitia borneensis and Siebenrockiella crassicollis. Van Hall Institute/EZNC (internet publication). Black Marsh Turtle Studbook SIEBENROCKIELLA CRASSICOLLIS

Compiled by: H.A. Zwartepoorte

Data current as of 26 Feb 2006 BLACK MARSH TURTLE Studbook Page 2 (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) ======Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event | ======000001 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer ZWARTEPOO 3 Feb 2001 HZ0728 Transfer 000002 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer ZWARTEPOO 3 Feb 2001 HZ0729 Transfer 11 Feb 2002 Death 000003 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer ZWARTEPOO 3 Feb 2001 HZ0730 Transfer 14 Mar 2002 Death 000004 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer ZWARTEPOO 3 Feb 2001 HZ0731 Transfer 000005 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer ZWARTEPOO 3 Feb 2001 HZ0732 Transfer 2 Jun 2002 Death 000006 M 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer H.ROTMANS 3 Feb 2001 HR1 Transfer PRAHA 23 Dec 2004 UNK Transfer 000007 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer H.ROTMANS 3 Feb 2001 HR2 Transfer PRAHA 23 Dec 2004 UNK Transfer 000008 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer H.ROTMANS 3 Feb 2001 HR3 Transfer PRAHA 23 Dec 2004 UNK Transfer 000009 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer H.ROTMANS 3 Feb 2001 HR4 Transfer PRAHA 23 Dec 2004 UNK Transfer 000010 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer H.ROTMANS 3 Feb 2001 HR5 Transfer 7 Jan 2002 Death 000011 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer V.D.VEER 3 Feb 2001 BV1 Transfer 1 Jan 2005 Death

Compiled by: H.A. Zwartepoorte Data current thru: Printed on 26 Feb 2006 using Sparks v1.52 BLACK MARSH TURTLE Studbook Page 3 (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) ======Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event | ======000012 F 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2000 UNK Capture IGUANA ZO 1 Jul 2000 UNK Transfer V.D.VEER 3 Feb 2001 BV2 Transfer 1 Jan 2005 Death 000013 M 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture KADOORIE 11 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Feb 2002 UNK Transfer LEIPZIG 9 Apr 2002 UNK Transfer SCHILDE 1 May 2002 MS01 Transfer 000014 F 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture KADOORIE 11 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 UNK Transfer LEIPZIG 9 Apr 2002 UNK Transfer SCHILDE 1 May 2002 MS02 Transfer 000015 F 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture KADOORIE 11 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 UNK Transfer LEIPZIG 9 Apr 2002 UNK Transfer SCHILDE 1 May 2002 MS03 Transfer 000016 M 1 Jan 1988 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1991 UNK Capture SCHILDE 1 Jul 1991 MS04 Transfer 1 Jul 2004 Death 000017 F 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1990 UNK Capture SCHILDE 1 Jul 1990 MS05 Transfer 1 Jul 2004 Death 000018 F 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1990 UNK Capture SCHILDE 1 Jul 1990 MS06 Transfer 1 Jul 2005 Death 000019 ? 1 May 1995 000016 000017 SCHILDE 1 May 1995 MS07 Hatch BOHMEIER 1 Oct 2003 UNK Transfer 000020 M 1 Jan 1998 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture KADOORIE 11 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 704697 Transfer ZWARTEPOO 12 Apr 2002 HZ0804 Transfer 000021 M 1 Jan 1998 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture KADOORIE 11 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 704700 Transfer V.D.VEER 11 Apr 2002 BV3 Transfer

Compiled by: H.A. Zwartepoorte Data current thru: Printed on 26 Feb 2006 using Sparks v1.52 BLACK MARSH TURTLE Studbook Page 4 (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) ======Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event | ======000022 M 1 Jan 1998 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture KADOORIE 11 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 704699 Transfer POSTHUMUS 1 Jun 2002 HP01 Transfer 000023 F 1 Jan 1995 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1995 UNK Capture POSTHUMUS 1 Jul 1995 HP02 Transfer 000024 M 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1995 UNK Capture GOVERS 1 Jul 1995 95033 Transfer 000025 F 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1995 UNK Capture GOVERS 1 Jul 1995 95031 Transfer 000026 ? 1 Jan 1992 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 2001 UNK Capture GOVERS 16 Aug 2001 UNK Transfer 000027 ? 1 Jan 1990 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1995 UNK Capture GOVERS 1 Jul 1995 95032 Transfer 000028 ? 20 Aug 2003 000016 000018 SCHILDE 20 Aug 2003 MS08 Hatch HOFMANN 1 Dec 2003 UNK Transfer 000029 M 1 Jan 1979 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1979 UNK Capture IGUANA 1 Jan 1986 UNK Transfer ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer GRUNEWALD 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000030 F 1 Jan 1979 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1980 UNK Capture IGUANA 1 Jan 1986 UNK Transfer ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer GRUNEWALD 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000031 F 1 Jan 1989 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 1989 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer GOVERS 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000032 F 1 Jan 1991 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 1991 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer KERLEN00 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000033 F 1 Jan 1993 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 1993 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer KERLEN00 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000034 F 1 Jan 1995 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 1995 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer POSTHUMUS 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer

Compiled by: H.A. Zwartepoorte Data current thru: Printed on 26 Feb 2006 using Sparks v1.52 BLACK MARSH TURTLE Studbook Page 5 (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) ======Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event | ======000035 F 1 Jan 1997 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 1997 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer MASSINK 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000036 F 1 Jan 1999 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 1999 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer MASSINK 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000037 F 1 Jan 2001 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 2001 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer LYBAERT 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000038 F 1 Jan 2003 000029 000030 IGUANA 1 Jan 2003 UNK Hatch ESF 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer DRUBBEL 5 Nov 2005 UNK Transfer 000039 M 1 Jan 1980 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1985 UNK Capture MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 1985 RM1 Transfer 000040 M ~ 1980 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1985 UNK Capture MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 1985 RM2 Transfer 000041 F 1 Jan 1980 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1985 UNK Capture MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 1985 RM3 Transfer 000042 F ~ 1980 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jan 1985 UNK Capture MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 1985 RM4 Transfer 000043 F 1 Jan 1995 UNK UNK MIDDELKOO 1 Jan 1998 RM5 Transfer 000044 ? 1 Jul 2003 UNK UNK MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 2003 RM6 Hatch 000045 ? 1 Jul 2003 UNK UNK MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 2003 RM7 Hatch 000046 ? 1 Jul 2003 UNK UNK MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 2003 RM8 Hatch 000047 ? 1 Jul 2004 UNK UNK MIDDELKOO 1 Jul 2004 RM9 Hatch 000048 M ~ 1985 WILD WILD UNKNOWN ~ 2000 UNK Capture GOVERS 8 Dec 2005 UNK Transfer LYBAERT 10 Dec 2005 UNK Transfer 000049 M 1 Jan 1980 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture CUSTOMS 17 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer EAZA 17 Jan 2002 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 704740 Transfer GRUNEWALD 1 Mar 2005 UNK Transfer

Compiled by: H.A. Zwartepoorte Data current thru: Printed on 26 Feb 2006 using Sparks v1.52 BLACK MARSH TURTLE Studbook Page 6 (Siebenrockiella crassicollis) ======Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event | ======000050 F 1 Jan 1980 WILD WILD UNKNOWN 1 Jul 2001 UNK Capture CUSTOMS 17 Dec 2001 UNK Transfer EAZA 17 Jan 2002 UNK Transfer ROTTERDAM 17 Jan 2002 704741 Transfer GRUNEWALD 1 Mar 2005 UNK Transfer ======TOTALS: 12.30.8 (50)

Compiled by: H.A. Zwartepoorte Data current thru: Printed on 26 Feb 2006 using Sparks v1.52