Research Report 2016
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The Isolation and Genetic Characterisation of a Novel Alphabaculovirus for the Microbial Control of Cryptophlebia Peltastica and Closely Related Tortricid Pests
RHODES UNIVERSITY Where leaders learn The isolation and genetic characterisation of a novel alphabaculovirus for the microbial control of Cryptophlebia peltastica and closely related tortricid pests Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY At RHODES UNIVERSITY By TAMRYN MARSBERG December 2016 ABSTRACT Cryptophlebia peltastica (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an economically damaging pest of litchis and macadamias in South Africa. Cryptophlebia peltastica causes both pre- and post-harvest damage to litchis, reducing overall yields and thus classifying the pest as a phytosanitary risk. Various control methods have been implemented against C. peltastica in an integrated pest management programme. These control methods include chemical control, cultural control and biological control. However, these methods have not yet provided satisfactory control as of yet. As a result, an alternative control option needs to be identified and implemented into the IPM programme. An alternative method of control that has proved successful in other agricultural sectors and not yet implemented in the control of C. peltastica is that of microbial control, specifically the use of baculovirus biopesticides. This study aimed to isolate and characterise a novel baculovirus from a laboratory culture of C. peltastica that could be used as a commercially available baculovirus biopesticide. In order to isolate a baculovirus a laboratory culture of C. peltastica was successfully established at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. This is the first time a laboratory culture of C. peltastica has been established. This allowed for various biological aspects of the pest to be determined, which included: length of the life cycle, fecundity and time to oviposition, egg and larval development and percentage hatch. -
ILLEGAL FISHING Which Fish Species Are at Highest Risk from Illegal and Unreported Fishing?
ILLEGAL FISHING Which fish species are at highest risk from illegal and unreported fishing? October 2015 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 4 METHODOLOGY 5 OVERALL FINDINGS 9 NOTES ON ESTIMATES OF IUU FISHING 13 Tunas 13 Sharks 14 The Mediterranean 14 US Imports 15 CONCLUSION 16 CITATIONS 17 OCEAN BASIN PROFILES APPENDIX 1: IUU Estimates for Species Groups and Ocean Regions APPENDIX 2: Estimates of IUU Risk for FAO Assessed Stocks APPENDIX 3: FAO Ocean Area Boundary Descriptions APPENDIX 4: 2014 U.S. Edible Imports of Wild-Caught Products APPENDIX 5: Overexploited Stocks Categorized as High Risk – U.S. Imported Products Possibly Derived from Stocks EXECUTIVE SUMMARY New analysis by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) finds that over 85 percent of global fish stocks can be considered at significant risk of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. This evaluation is based on the most recent comprehensive estimates of IUU fishing and includes the worlds’ major commercial stocks or species groups, such as all those that are regularly assessed by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Based on WWF’s findings, the majority of the stocks, 54 percent, are categorized as at high risk of IUU, with an additional 32 perent judged to be at moderate risk. Of the 567 stocks that were assessed, the findings show that 485 stocks fall into these two categories. More than half of the world’s most overexploited stocks are at the highest risk of IUU fishing. Examining IUU risk by location, the WWF analysis shows that in more than one-third of the world’s ocean basins as designated by the FAO, all of these stocks were at high or moderate risk of IUU fishing. -
Otolith Trace Elemental Analyses of South American Austral Hake, Merluccius Australis
RESEARCH ARTICLE Otolith Trace Elemental Analyses of South American Austral Hake, Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872) Indicates Complex Salinity Structuring on their Spawning/Larval Grounds Paul Brickle1,2,3*, Pia C. Schuchert4, Alexander I. Arkhipkin1, Malcolm R. Reid5, Haseeb S. Randhawa6 1 Directorate of Natural Resources, Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government, Stanley, Falkland Islands, 2 South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands, 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom, 4 School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom, 5 Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand, 6 Ecology Degree Programme, Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Brickle P, Schuchert PC, Arkhipkin AI, Reid Abstract MR, Randhawa HS (2016) Otolith Trace Elemental Analyses of South American Austral Hake, Trace element signatures of otolith edges and cores from 335 austral hake (Merluccius Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872) Indicates autralis) were analysed using LA-ICPMS from samples collected in Chilean and Falkland Complex Salinity Structuring on their Spawning/ Larval Grounds. PLoS ONE 11(1): e0145479. Islands' waters, in order to provide potential insights into stock discrimination and migra- doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145479 tions. Fish were caught in two locations in Chile and four locations in the south-west of the Editor: Heather M. Patterson, Department of Falkland Islands Shelf. Univariate and multivariate analyses of trace element signatures in Agriculture and Water Resources, AUSTRALIA the edges of otoliths, representing adult fish, were not able to distinguish between samples ’ Received: July 27, 2014 collected in Chile and the Falkland Islands. -
Intrinsic Vulnerability in the Global Fish Catch
The following appendix accompanies the article Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch William W. L. Cheung1,*, Reg Watson1, Telmo Morato1,2, Tony J. Pitcher1, Daniel Pauly1 1Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory (AERL), 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada 2Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal *Email: [email protected] Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:1–12 (2007) Appendix 1. Intrinsic vulnerability index of fish taxa represented in the global catch, based on the Sea Around Us database (www.seaaroundus.org) Taxonomic Intrinsic level Taxon Common name vulnerability Family Pristidae Sawfishes 88 Squatinidae Angel sharks 80 Anarhichadidae Wolffishes 78 Carcharhinidae Requiem sharks 77 Sphyrnidae Hammerhead, bonnethead, scoophead shark 77 Macrouridae Grenadiers or rattails 75 Rajidae Skates 72 Alepocephalidae Slickheads 71 Lophiidae Goosefishes 70 Torpedinidae Electric rays 68 Belonidae Needlefishes 67 Emmelichthyidae Rovers 66 Nototheniidae Cod icefishes 65 Ophidiidae Cusk-eels 65 Trachichthyidae Slimeheads 64 Channichthyidae Crocodile icefishes 63 Myliobatidae Eagle and manta rays 63 Squalidae Dogfish sharks 62 Congridae Conger and garden eels 60 Serranidae Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets 60 Exocoetidae Flyingfishes 59 Malacanthidae Tilefishes 58 Scorpaenidae Scorpionfishes or rockfishes 58 Polynemidae Threadfins 56 Triakidae Houndsharks 56 Istiophoridae Billfishes 55 Petromyzontidae -
S1755267211000431jra
S1755267211000431jra Author Queries No Queries Marine Biodiversity Records, page 1 of 3. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2011 doi:10.1017/S1755267211000431; Vol. 00; e0; 2011 Published online 1 2 First report of Macruronus novaezelandiae 3 4 (Gadiformes, Merluccidae, Macruroninae) 5 6 7 from Atlantic tropical waters 8 1 2 3 2 9 alfredo carvalho-filho , guy marcovaldi , cla’ udio l.s. sampaio and m. isabel g. paiva 10 1Fish-Bizz Ltda, Rua Maria Garcez, 39, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, 05424-070, Brazil, 2Projeto Tamar-ICMBio, Avenida do Farol Garcia D’A´ vila, 11 s/n, Praia do Forte, Mata de Sa˜o Joa˜o, BA, 48280-000, Brazil, 3Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Unidade de Ensino Penedo, Av. Beira 12 Rio s/n, Centro Histo´rico, Penedo, AL, 57.200-000, Brazil 13 14 15 The occurrence of the merluccid Macruronus novaezelandiae from tropical waters off Bahia, eastern Brazil, is reported for the 16 first time due to the capture of an adult of 712.3 mm SL in May 2008, from a depth of 400 metres. Until then no specimen had 17 been reported north of 32829′S on the South American Atlantic coast. This new record extends the species’ range to about 18 2500 km northwards along the Brazilian coastline and is the first ever from tropical waters in the world. A comparison of 19 the morphometric characters is provided. 20 21 22 Keywords: range extension, Macruronus magellanicus, deep-sea fish, Brazil 23 24 Submitted 11 December 2010; accepted 14 March 2011 25 26 27 INTRODUCTION also observed in several other species of the family belonging 28 to the genus Merluccius, already cited above. -
MERLUZA AUSTRAL (Merluccius Australis)
MERLUZA AUSTRAL (Merluccius australis) por Analía R. Giussi, Susana B. García de la Rosa y Felisa Sánchez IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL RECURSO Clase: Actinopterygii. Orden: Gadiformes. Familia: Merlucciidae. Especie: Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872). Nombre común:merluza austral, merluzón (Argentina); merluza del sur (Chile). Nombre en inglés: southern hake. Otros nombres científicos sinónimos en uso: Merluccius polylepis y Merluccius australis polylepis. DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA La merluza austral es una especie que se halla ampliamente distribuida en el hemisferio sur, tanto en aguas argentinas y chilenas como en neozelandesas (Cousseau y Perrotta, 1998). En el extremo sur de América ocupa un área que se extiende, en el Océano Pacífico, al sur de los 40°S entre 50 y 600 m de pro- fundidad (Aguayo-Hernández, 1994), y en el Océano Atlántico al sur de los 50°S, desde los 100 a los 400 m de profundidad (García de la Rosa et al., 1997). Esta distribución es continua a través del Pasaje de Drake (Aguayo, 1995), hallándose individuos en la región norte del Estrecho de Magallanes (Céspedes et al., 1996). Esta especie se caracteriza por presentar hábitos demersales y está relacionada, en el Mar Argentino, con aguas frías de la Corriente de Malvinas (Otero y Simonazzi, 1980), localizándose sus ma- yores concentraciones entre 50°-55°S (García de la Rosa et al., 1997) (Figura 1). García de la Rosa et al. (1997), analizando la distribución de esta especie en el transcurso del año, observaron que en el verano las mayores concentraciones (9 y 13 t/mn2) se hallaron al sur de la Isla de los Estados (54°50'S), extendiéndose su área de distribución desde los 48° hasta 55°S y entre 100 y 200 m de profundidad. -
First Fossil Tooth-Necked Fungus Beetle (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): Juropeltastica Sinica Gen
Eur. J. Entomol. 111(2): 299–302, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.034 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) First fossil tooth-necked fungus beetle (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): Juropeltastica sinica gen. n. sp. n. from the Middle Jurassic of China CHENYANG CAI 1, 2, John F. LawrENCE 3, AdAm Ślipiński 3 and diying HUANG 1* 1 state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy, Nanjing institute of Geology and palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China 3Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Key words. Coleoptera, Derodontidae, Juropeltastica gen. n., fossil, Daohugou beds, Middle Jurassic, China Abstract. The first fossil tooth-necked fungus beetle, Juropeltastica sinica gen. n. sp. n., is described and illustrated based on a single impression fossil from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds (ca. 165 Ma) of northeastern China. it represents the first definitive fossil be- longing to the extant family Derodontidae. Juropeltastica is placed in Derodontidae based on its overall body shape and size, head with complex systems of tubercles and grooves, pronotum with dentate lateral carinae, open mesocoxal cavities bordered by mesepimeron and metanepisternum, excavate metacoxae, and 5-segmented abdomen. The occurrence of a reliable derodontid fossil from 165 mil- lion years ago places Derodontidae among the small but growing number of beetle families of known Middle Jurassic age, which is important in the dating of phylogenetic trees. -
Fish Stocks United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
General situation of world fish stocks United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Contents: 1. Definitions 2. Snapshot of the global situation 3. Short list of "depleted" fish stocks 4. Global list of fish stocks ranked as either "overexploited," "depleted," or recovering by region 1. Definitions Underexploited Undeveloped or new fishery. Believed to have a significant potential for expansion in total production; Moderately exploited Exploited with a low level of fishing effort. Believed to have some limited potential for expansion in total production; Fully exploited The fishery is operating at or close to an optimal yield level, with no expected room for further expansion; Overexploited The fishery is being exploited at above a level which is believed to be sustainable in the long term, with no potential room for further expansion and a higher risk of stock depletion/collapse; Depleted Catches are well below historical levels, irrespective of the amount of fishing effort exerted; Recovering Catches are again increasing after having been depleted 2. Snapshot of the global situation Of the 600 marine fish stocks monitored by FAO: 3% are underexploited 20% are moderately exploited 52% are fully exploited 17% are overexploited 7% are depleted 1% are recovering from depletion Map of world fishing statistical areas monitored by FAO Source: FAO's report "Review of the State of World Marine Fisheries Resources", tables D1-D17, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/y5852e/Y5852E23.pdf 3. Fish stocks identified by FAO as falling into its -
2021 North American Forest Insect Work Conference
2021 North American Forest Insect Work Conference Shaping Forests: Action in a Changing World May 26-28, 2021 1 2021 North American Forest Insect Work Conference Organizers Organizing Committee: Jess Hartshorn (Chair) – Clemson University, Clemson, SC Brian Aukema – University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN Rachael Arango – USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI Jeff Garnas – University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Rich Hofstetter – Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ Kier Klepzig – The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, GA Robert Rabaglia – USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC Program Committee: Kier Klepzig (Co-Chair) – The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, GA Rich Hostetter (Co-Chair) – Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ Deepa Pureswaran – Canadian Forest Service, Quebec, QC Jeff Garnas – University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH Nathan Havill - USDA Forest Service, New Haven, CT Sponsorship: Kevin Chase - Bartlett Tree Experts, Charlotte, NC Posters: Rich Hofstetter - Northern Arizona University 2 Tuesday, May 25 2:00 Forest Health Task Force 4:00 SFIWC Business Meeting Wednesday, May 26 8:00 Welcome Remarks 8:15 Plenary Session 1 A. Shannon Lotthammer, Assistant Forestry Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources B. EAB impacts: what does the loss of ash mean for wildlife? - Alexis Grinde, Wildlife Ecologist, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota - Duluth C. Connections - Eli Sagor, Cloquet Forest, University of Minnesota 9:45 Break 10:30 Student Paper Competition - 1 - Jess Hartshorn A. Following Celtis laevigata Willd. mortality and the commonly associated insects in the southeastern US - Emilee M. Poole, Michael D. Ulyshen, and Scott Horn. Celtis laevigata Willd. (sugarberry) is a native tree commonly found along floodplains and rivers in the southeastern US. -
Description of Merluccius Tasmanicus Sp. Nov. and Redescription
J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2006), 86,193^199 Printed in the United Kingdom Description of Merluccius tasmanicus sp.nov.and redescription of Merluccius australis (Pisces: Merlucciidae) P O J. Matallanas* and D. Lloris *Unidad de Zoolog|¤a, Departamento de Biolog|¤a Animal, Biolog|¤aVegetal y Ecolog|¤a. Universidad Auto¤noma de Barcelona, 08193, O Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Institut de Cie' ncies del Mar (CMIMA-CSIC), Passeig Mar|¤tim de la Barceloneta 37^49, P 08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]. Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] A new hake species, Merluccius tasmanicus sp. nov., is described from New Zealand waters and another species, Merluccius australis is redescribed. Merluccius tasmanicus sp. nov. di¡ers from all other congeneric species in the following combination of characters: upper pro¢le of the head slowly concave; lateral line slowly concave in the caudal region; body depth 4.9^5.9 times in standard length (SL); orbital diameter 6.1^7.1 times in head length, 2.1^2.2 times in snout length and 1.6^1.9 times in interorbital width; second dorsal ¢n rays, 42^43; anal ¢n rays, 42^44; lateral line scales *164. Merluccius australis is redescribed to clarify the identity of this species. Merluccius australis di¡ers from all other congeneric species in the following combination of characters: upper pro¢le of the head straight; lateral line straight in the caudal region; body depth 6.6^7.1times in SL; orbital diameter 4.5^5.4 times in head length, 1.2^1.7 times in snout length and 1.0^1.3 times in interorbital width; second dorsal ¢n rays, 40^43; anal ¢n rays, 40^43; lateral line scales, more than 155. -
FAMILY: DERODONTIDAE ': J L ^ %
f A CATALOG OF THE COLEÓPTERA OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO . FAMILY: DERODONTIDAE ': j L ^ % iliiiÉMilliiNAL Digitizing Project ah52965 .^à\ UNITED STATES AGRICULTURE PREPARED BY ((Uyj) DEPARTMENT OF HANDBOOK AGRICULTURAL ^^^f^ AGRICULTURE NUMBER 529-65 RESEARCH SERVICE FAMILIES OF COLEóPTERA IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO Fascicle ' Family Year issued Fascicle ' Family Year issued Fascicle ' Family Year issued I Cupedidae 1979 45 Cheionariidae 98 Endomychidae 1986 2 Micromalthidae 1982 46 Callirhipidae 100 Lathridiidae 3 Carabidae 47 Hetcroceridae 1978 102 Biphyllidae 4 Rhysodidae 1985 48 Limnichidae 1986 103-_j_Byturidae 5 Amphizoidae 1984 49 Dryopidae 1983 104 Mycetophagidae 6 Haliplidae 50 Elmidae 1983 105 Ciidae 1982 8 Noteridae 51 Buprestidae 107 Prostomidae 9 Dytiscidae ^___-^. 52---_Cebnonidae 10 Gyrinidae 53 ^Elateridae 109 Colydiidae 13 Sphaeriidae 54 Throscidae 110 Monomxnatidae 14 Hydroscaphidae 55 Cerophytidae 111 Cephaloidae 15 Hydraenidae 56 Perothopidae 112 Zopheridae 16 Hydrophilidae 57—-Eucnemidae 115 Tenebrionidae 17 Georyssidae 58 Telegeusidae 116 Alleculidae 18 Sphaeritidae - _ _ _ _ 61_^--Phengodidae 117 Lagriidae 20 Histeridae . 62-_--Lampyridae 118 Salpingidae 21 Ptiliidae -_,. 63-—Cantharidae 119 Mycteridae 22 Limulodidae 64 Lycidae 120 Pyrochroidae 1983 23 l>asycendae ..^ 65 Derodontidae 1989 121 Othniidae 24 Micropeplidae 1984 66 Nosodendndae 122 Inopeplidae 25 ---Leptinidae 67 Dermestidae 123 Oedemeridae 26 Leiodidae 69 Ptinidae 124 Melandryidae 27 Scydmaenidae 70 Anobiidae 1982 125 Mordellidae 1986 28 Silphidae 71 -
Insect Pests Extract.Pdf
Contents Series list xv Acknowledgements xx Introduction xxi Part 1 Ecological foundations of IPM 1 Foundations of an IPM program: detection, identification, and quantification 3 Michael E. Irwin, University of Illinois, USA; and Wendy Moore, University of Arizona, USA 1 Introduction 3 2 Detection and identification 5 3 Bioinformatics 11 4 The DNA transformation 11 5 Quantifying target organisms 14 6 Future trends and conclusion 30 7 Acknowledgements 32 8 References 33 2 Advances in understanding species ecology: phenological and life cycle modeling of insect pests 43 Leonard Coop and Brittany S. Barker, Oregon State University, USA 1 Introduction 43 2 Concepts of the systems approach 45 3 Steps and phases of phenology model development 48 4 Phenology modeling data sources and approaches 58 5 Phenology modeling platforms and software 70 6 Life cycle systems model for Drosophila suzukii 75 7 Conclusion 80 8 Acknowledgements 81 9 References 81 © Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited, 2020. All rights reserved. vi Contents 3 Understanding agroecosystems and pest management: from chemical control to integrated biodiversity management 97 Keizi Kiritani, formerly National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan 1 Introduction 97 2 Understanding agroecosystems: the case of rice paddies 98 3 Rice paddy ecosystem species 100 4 The impact of chemical pest control on rice agroecosystems 103 5 The development of IPM programs 105 6 Assessing the impact of pest control measures 106 7 Integrated biodiversity management (IBM) 110 8 The challenge