Insect Pests Extract.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Genome Sequence of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax Striatellus
GigaScience, 6, 2017, 1–12 doi: 10.1093/gigascience/gix109 Advance Access Publication Date: 10 November 2017 Data Note DATA NOTE Genome sequence of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Junjie Zhu1,4,†,FengJiang2,†, Xianhui Wang1, Pengcheng Yang2, Yanyuan Bao 3, Wan Zhao1,WeiWang1, Hong Lu1, Qianshuo Wang1,NaCui1, Jing Li1, Xiaofang Chen1, Lan Luo1,JintingYu1, Le Kang1,2,∗ and Feng Cui1,∗ 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, 2Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, 3State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China and 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ∗Correspondence address. Dr. Feng Cui, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Tel: +86-10-64807218; Fax: 86-10-64807099; E-mail: [email protected]; Dr. Le Kang, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Tel: +86-10-64807219; Fax: 86-10-64807099; E-mail: [email protected] †Equal contribution Abstract Background: Laodelphax striatellus Fallen´ (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the most destructive rice pests. L. striatellus is different from 2 other rice planthoppers with a released genome sequence, Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens,inmany biological characteristics, such as host range, dispersal capacity, and vectoring plant viruses. Deciphering the genome of L. -
Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier Area, Swellendam
Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier area, Swellendam by Johannes Philippus Groenewald Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science in Conservation Ecology in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Michael J. Samways Co-supervisor: Dr. Ruan Veldtman December 2014 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis, for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Ecology, is my own work that have not been previously published in full or in part at any other University. All work that are not my own, are acknowledge in the thesis. ___________________ Date: ____________ Groenewald J.P. Copyright © 2014 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements Firstly I want to thank my supervisor Prof. M. J. Samways for his guidance and patience through the years and my co-supervisor Dr. R. Veldtman for his help the past few years. This project would not have been possible without the help of Prof. H. Geertsema, who helped me with the identification of the Lepidoptera and other insect caught in the study area. Also want to thank Dr. K. Oberlander for the help with the identification of the Oxalis species found in the study area and Flora Cameron from CREW with the identification of some of the special plants growing in the area. I further express my gratitude to Dr. Odette Curtis from the Overberg Renosterveld Project, who helped with the identification of the rare species found in the study area as well as information about grazing and burning of Renosterveld. -
The Isolation and Genetic Characterisation of a Novel Alphabaculovirus for the Microbial Control of Cryptophlebia Peltastica and Closely Related Tortricid Pests
RHODES UNIVERSITY Where leaders learn The isolation and genetic characterisation of a novel alphabaculovirus for the microbial control of Cryptophlebia peltastica and closely related tortricid pests Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY At RHODES UNIVERSITY By TAMRYN MARSBERG December 2016 ABSTRACT Cryptophlebia peltastica (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an economically damaging pest of litchis and macadamias in South Africa. Cryptophlebia peltastica causes both pre- and post-harvest damage to litchis, reducing overall yields and thus classifying the pest as a phytosanitary risk. Various control methods have been implemented against C. peltastica in an integrated pest management programme. These control methods include chemical control, cultural control and biological control. However, these methods have not yet provided satisfactory control as of yet. As a result, an alternative control option needs to be identified and implemented into the IPM programme. An alternative method of control that has proved successful in other agricultural sectors and not yet implemented in the control of C. peltastica is that of microbial control, specifically the use of baculovirus biopesticides. This study aimed to isolate and characterise a novel baculovirus from a laboratory culture of C. peltastica that could be used as a commercially available baculovirus biopesticide. In order to isolate a baculovirus a laboratory culture of C. peltastica was successfully established at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. This is the first time a laboratory culture of C. peltastica has been established. This allowed for various biological aspects of the pest to be determined, which included: length of the life cycle, fecundity and time to oviposition, egg and larval development and percentage hatch. -
Distribution of Spiders in Coastal Grey Dunes
kaft_def 7/8/04 11:22 AM Pagina 1 SPATIAL PATTERNS AND EVOLUTIONARY D ISTRIBUTION OF SPIDERS IN COASTAL GREY DUNES Distribution of spiders in coastal grey dunes SPATIAL PATTERNS AND EVOLUTIONARY- ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DISPERSAL - ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DISPERSAL Dries Bonte Dispersal is crucial in structuring species distribution, population structure and species ranges at large geographical scales or within local patchily distributed populations. The knowledge of dispersal evolution, motivation, its effect on metapopulation dynamics and species distribution at multiple scales is poorly understood and many questions remain unsolved or require empirical verification. In this thesis we contribute to the knowledge of dispersal, by studying both ecological and evolutionary aspects of spider dispersal in fragmented grey dunes. Studies were performed at the individual, population and assemblage level and indicate that behavioural traits narrowly linked to dispersal, con- siderably show [adaptive] variation in function of habitat quality and geometry. Dispersal also determines spider distribution patterns and metapopulation dynamics. Consequently, our results stress the need to integrate knowledge on behavioural ecology within the study of ecological landscapes. / Promotor: Prof. Dr. Eckhart Kuijken [Ghent University & Institute of Nature Dries Bonte Conservation] Co-promotor: Prf. Dr. Jean-Pierre Maelfait [Ghent University & Institute of Nature Conservation] and Prof. Dr. Luc lens [Ghent University] Date of public defence: 6 February 2004 [Ghent University] Universiteit Gent Faculteit Wetenschappen Academiejaar 2003-2004 Distribution of spiders in coastal grey dunes: spatial patterns and evolutionary-ecological importance of dispersal Verspreiding van spinnen in grijze kustduinen: ruimtelijke patronen en evolutionair-ecologisch belang van dispersie door Dries Bonte Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor [Ph.D.] in Sciences Proefschrift voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen Promotor: Prof. -
UG ETD Template
Characterization of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus immediate early protein ME53: The role of conserved domains in BV production, viral gene transcription, and evidence for ME53 presence at the ribosome by Robyn Ralph A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular and Cellular Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Robyn Ralph, December, 2018 ABSTRACT CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOGRAPHA CALIFORNICA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS IMMEDIATE EARLY PROTEIN ME53: THE ROLE OF CONSERVED DOMAINS IN BV PRODUCTION, VIRAL GENE TRANSCRIPTION, AND EVIDENCE FOR ME53 PRESENCE AT THE RIBOSOME Robyn Ralph Advisors: University of Guelph, 2018 Dr. Peter Krell Dr. Sarah Wooton The baculovirus AcMNPV early/late gene me53 is required for efficient BV production and is conserved in all alpha and betabaculoviruses. The 449-amino acid protein contains several highly conserved functionally important domains including two putative C4 zinc finger domains (ZnF-N and ZnF-C) whose cysteine residues are 100% conserved. One purpose of this study is to confirm the presence of two zinc binding domains in ME53, as well as determine their role in virus infection and viral gene transcription. Interestingly, deletion of ZnF-C results in an early delay of BV production from 12 to 18 hours post transfection correlating to ME53's cytoplasmic localization. Cytoplasmic functions at early times post-transfection may include translational regulation, which is supported by yeast-2-hybrid data that ME53 interacts with the host 40S ribosomal subunit protein RACK1. In this study the association of ME53 with the ribosomes of virus infected cells was also investigated. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my father, Ronald James Ralph. -
Regulation of RNA Interference Pathways in the Insect Vector Laodelphax Striatellus by Viral Proteins of Rice Stripe Virus
viruses Article Regulation of RNA Interference Pathways in the Insect Vector Laodelphax striatellus by Viral Proteins of Rice Stripe Virus Yan Xiao 1,2,†, Qiong Li 1,3,†, Wei Wang 1, Yumei Fu 4 and Feng Cui 1,3,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] (Y.X.); [email protected] (Q.L.); [email protected] (W.W.) 2 College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China 3 CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi), especially the small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways, plays an important role in defending against viruses in plants and insects. However, how insect-transmitted phytoviruses regulate the RNAi-mediated antiviral response in vector insects has barely been uncovered. In this study, we explored the interaction between rice stripe virus (RSV) and the miRNA and siRNA pathways of the small brown planthopper, which is a vector insect. The transcript and protein levels of key genes in the two RNAi pathways did not change during the RSV infection process. When the expression of insect Ago1, Ago2, or Translin was silenced by the injection of double-stranded RNAs targeting these genes, viral replication was Citation: Xiao, Y.; Li, Q.; Wang, W.; promoted with Ago2 silencing but inhibited with Translin silencing. -
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta
Thaumatotibia leucotreta Scientific Name Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) Synonyms: Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick), Cryptophlebia roerigii Zacher Olethreutes leucotreta Meyrick Thaumatotibia roerigii Zacher Common Name(s) False codling moth, citrus codling moth, orange moth, and orange codling moth Type of Pest Moth Figure 1. Larva of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (T. Grove Taxonomic Position and W. Styn, bugwood.org). Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Tortricidae Reason for Inclusion CAPS Target: AHP Prioritized Pest List - 2003 through 2014 Pest Description Eggs: Eggs are flat, oval (0.77 mm long by 0.60 mm wide) shaped discs with a granulated surface. The eggs are white to cream colored when initially laid. They change to a reddish color before the black head capsule of the larvae becomes visible under the chorion prior to hatching (Daiber, 1979a). 1 Larvae: First instar (neonate) larvae approximately 1 to 1.2 mm (< /16 in) in length with dark pinacula giving a spotted appearance, fifth instar larvae are orangey-pink, 1 becoming more pale on sides and yellow in ventral region, 12 to 18 mm (approx. /2 to 11 /16 in) long, with a brown head capsule and prothoracic shield (Fig. 1). [Note this coloration is only present in live specimens.] The last abdominal segment bears an anal comb with two to ten “teeth.” The mean head capsule width for the first through fifth instar larvae has been recorded as: 0.22, 0.37, 0.61, 0.94 and 1.37 mm, respectively (Daiber, 1979b). Diagnostic characters would include the anal comb with two to ten teeth in addition to: L pinaculum on T1 enlarged and extending beneath and beyond (posterad of) the spiracle; spiracle on A8 displaced posterad of SD pinaculum; crochets unevenly triordinal, 36-42; L-group on A9 usually trisetose (all setae usually on same pinaulum) (Brown, 2011). -
Professor Catriona Macleod
RRR | Cover 2015 v2 11/9/16 10:17 AM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Composite RRR 2015 | Features 11/12/16 1:36 PM Page 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K RHODES UNIVERSITY RESEARCH REPORT A publication of the Rhodes University Research Office, compiled and edited by Tarryn Gillitt, Busi Goba, Patricia Jacob, Jill Macgregor and Jaine Roberts Design & Layout: Sally Dore Research Office Director: Jaine Roberts [email protected] Tel: +27 (46) 603 8756/7572 www.ru.ac.za Cover: Rhodes University researchers Pam Maseko, Nomalanga Mkhize, Heila Lotz-Sisitka, Ruth Simbao, Anthea Garman and Catriona Macleod Cover Photos: Paul Greenway/www.3pphotography.com RESEARCH REPORT 2015 Composite RRR 2015 | Features 11/12/16 1:36 PM Page 2 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K CONTENTS 01 FOREWORD Dr Sizwe Mabizela, Vice-Chancellor 03 INTRODUCTION Dr Peter Clayton, Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research & Development 05 TOP 30 RESEARCHERS 06 PHD GRADUATES 11 VICE-CHANCELLOR’S BOOK AWARD Professor Anthea Garman 13 VICE-CHANCELLOR’S DISTINGUISHED SENIOR RESEARCH AWARD Professor Catriona Macleod 15 VICE-CHANCELLOR’S DISTINGUISHED RESEARCH AWARD Dr Adrienne Edkins 17 SARChI CHAIRS Professor Heila Lotz-Sisitka, Professor Ruth Simbao and Dr Adrienne Edkins 23 AFRICAN LANGUAGES, SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE Associate Professor Pamela Maseko 25 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Dr Nomalanga Mkhize RESEARCH REPORT 2015 Composite RRR 2015 | Features 11/12/16 1:34 PM Page 3 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K RHODES RESEARCH 2015 RESEARCH REPORT DEPARTMENT PUBLICATIONS AFFILIATES, INSTITUTES AND 28 Publications from the Vice-Chancellorate -
Transcriptome Analysis of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax Striatellus Carrying Rice Stripe Virus
Plant Pathol. J. 29(3) : 330-337 (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.01.2013.0001 The Plant Pathology Journal pISSN 1598-2254 eISSN 2093-9280 © The Korean Society of Plant Pathology Note Open Access Transcriptome Analysis of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus Carrying Rice stripe virus Joo Hyun Lee1, Jae Young Choi3, Xue Ying Tao1, Jae Su Kim2, Woojin Kim3 and Yeon Ho Je1,3* 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea 2Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea 3Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea (Received on January 4, 2013; Revised on February 18, 2013; Accepted on March 7, 2013) Rice stripe virus (RSV), the type member of the genus strategy (Hamamatsu et al., 1993). RSV is one of the most Tenuivirus, transmits by the feeding behavior of small serious viral rice pathogens which occur in South Korea, brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus. To China, and Japan. The typical symptoms of RSV infected investigate the interactions between the virus and vector rice plant are chlorotic stripes or necrotic streaks on leaves, insect, total RNA was extracted from RSV-viruliferous and premature wilting. Some of the leaves emerge ab- SBPH (RVLS) and non-viruliferous SBPH (NVLS) normally unfolded, and then elongate to become twisted adults to construct expressed sequence tag databases for and droop. The RSV often causes significant reduction in comparative transcriptome analysis. Over 30 million bases were sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing to con- yield. -
Adult Nepidae of Florida
Graduate Student Project – Insect Classification – ENY 6166 University of Florida - Kendra Pesko - December 8, 2004 Adult Nepidae of Florida The family Nepidae, common name “waterscorpions”, is an aquatic insect family in the order Hemiptera (suborder Heteroptera). Of 13 species and three genera known throughout the United States and Canada, only five species in one genus (Ranatra) occur in Florida. Ranatra species are found in aquatic vegetation and debris, and can be collected by sweeping an aquatic net through vegetation along the edges of lakes. They will cling to emergent vegetation such as cattails to hide during the day, and return to the water surface at night. Ranatra species also make night time flights in order to colonize new areas, and will often end up on car windshields, which they may mistake for open water. Nepidae are unique among water bugs in possessing a stridulatory mechanism which consists of serrations on their fore-coxal cavity that contact coarse ridges which appear to be sclerotized setae. Both nymphs and adults of Ranatra possess these structures. Checklist of Species of Florida Ranatra Fabricius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepidae) R. australis Hungerford R. buenoi Hungerford R.drakei Hungerford R. kirkaldyi Torre-Bueno R. nigra Herrich-Schaeffer Key to Species of Adult Florida Nepidae (adapted from Sites and Polhemus 1994) 1. Prothorax with mid-ventral hollow groove (fig. 6)…Ranatra buenoi Hungerford 1’. Prothorax without mid-ventral hollow groove, but may be ventrally flattened or have a paired ventro-lateral longitudinal depressed lines .........................................................2 2. Penultimate antennal segment with lateral projection absent or if present, < ½ length of terminal antennal segment (Figs. -
Prediction of Overseas Migration of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax Striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in East Asia
Appl Entomol Zool (2012) 47:379–388 DOI 10.1007/s13355-012-0130-x ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Prediction of overseas migration of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in East Asia Akira Otuka • Yijun Zhou • Gwan-Seok Lee • Masaya Matsumura • Yeqin Zhu • Hong-Hyun Park • Zewen Liu • Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura Received: 19 April 2012 / Accepted: 25 July 2012 / Published online: 21 August 2012 Ó The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2012 Abstract A method has been developed for predicting the Keywords Laodelphax striatellus Á Long-distance overseas migration of Laodelphax striatellus (Falle´n) from migration Á Effective accumulated temperature Á eastern China to Japan and Korea. The method consists of Migration simulation two techniques: estimation of the emigration period in the source region and simulation of migration. The emigration period was estimated by calculating the effective accumu- Introduction lated temperature for the insect by use of real-time daily surface temperatures at the source. During the emigration The small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus period, migration simulations were performed twice a day, (Falle´n), a vector of Rice stripe virus and Rice black at every dusk and dawn. The prediction method was eval- streaked dwarf virus, is one of the major insect pests of uated, by cross-validation using migrations in the 4 years rice. Because it is able to overwinter in temperate regions from 2008 to 2011. The results showed that the emigration including Japan, Korea, and China, most L. striatellus have periods included the mass migrations, and that the method long been believed not to be a migratory insect pest, successfully predicted those migrations. -
Great Lakes Entomologist the Grea T Lakes E N Omo L O G Is T Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Vol
The Great Lakes Entomologist THE GREA Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Vol. 45, Nos. 3 & 4 Fall/Winter 2012 Volume 45 Nos. 3 & 4 ISSN 0090-0222 T LAKES Table of Contents THE Scholar, Teacher, and Mentor: A Tribute to Dr. J. E. McPherson ..............................................i E N GREAT LAKES Dr. J. E. McPherson, Educator and Researcher Extraordinaire: Biographical Sketch and T List of Publications OMO Thomas J. Henry ..................................................................................................111 J.E. McPherson – A Career of Exemplary Service and Contributions to the Entomological ENTOMOLOGIST Society of America L O George G. Kennedy .............................................................................................124 G Mcphersonarcys, a New Genus for Pentatoma aequalis Say (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) IS Donald B. Thomas ................................................................................................127 T The Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Missouri Robert W. Sites, Kristin B. Simpson, and Diane L. Wood ............................................134 Tymbal Morphology and Co-occurrence of Spartina Sap-feeding Insects (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) Stephen W. Wilson ...............................................................................................164 Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae) Associated with the Dioecious Shrub Florida Rosemary, Ceratiola ericoides (Ericaceae) A. G. Wheeler, Jr. .................................................................................................183