Thaumatotibia Leucotreta
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Control of Fungal Diseases and Increase in Yields of a Cultivated Jujube Fruit (Zizyphus Jujuba Miller Var
Article Control of Fungal Diseases and Increase in Yields of a Cultivated Jujube Fruit (Zizyphus jujuba Miller var. inermis Rehder) Orchard by Employing Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 Jun-Hyeok Kwon 1, Sang-Jae Won 1, Jae-Hyun Moon 1, Chul-Woo Kim 2 and Young-Sang Ahn 1,* 1 Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; [email protected] (J.-H.K.); [email protected] (S.-J.W.); [email protected] (J.-H.M.) 2 Division of Special-purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-62-530-2081 Received: 7 November 2019; Accepted: 13 December 2019; Published: 15 December 2019 Abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 on fungal phytopathogens causing gray mold rot, stem rot, and anthracnose. Another objective of this study is to promote the yield of fruit in jujube farms. L. antibioticus HS124 produces chitinase, a lytic enzyme with the potential to reduce mycelial growth of fungal phytopathogens involving hyphal alterations with swelling and bulbous structures, by 20.6 to 27.3%. Inoculation with L. antibioticus HS124 decreased the appearance of fungal diseases in jujube farms and increased the fruit yield by decreasing fruit wilting and dropping. In addition, L. antibioticus HS124 produced the phytohormone auxin to promote vegetative growth, thereby increasing the fruit size. The yield of jujube fruits after L. antibioticus HS124 inoculation was increased by 6284.67 g/branch, which was 2.9-fold higher than that of the control. -
FT Grapholita Pro Caps
M2i technology Unique patented process of pheromone micro-encapsulation Controled rate of pheromone release for greater efficiency 100% biodegradable Easy storage, at room temperature Extended shelf life: 2,5 years User guide M2i recommends: Grapholita Pro Caps® syringe + Delta trap © M2i Trap setup: empty the content of the syringe into the cup. Remove the protective film from the sticky sheet. Stick the cup containing the pheromone formulation in the middle of the sheet. Place the sticky sheet in the trap. The moths are attracted by the sexual pheromone, enter the trap and are caught. Characteristics of Grapholita Pro Caps® Type of product Pheromone dispenser Use Monitoring Z8-dodecenyl acetate, E8-dodecenyl acetate, Active substance © M2i Z8-dodecenol Volume of formulation 1,2 mL Indicative diffusion* 3 months Targeted insect life-stage Adult (moth) Estimated radius of diffusion Moths attracted on a radius of 5-10 m * depending on climatic conditions, for an average temperature of 30°C and without strong winds. Monitoring setup Detection period: from March to October (adapt and renew the pheromone dispenser according to the recommended diffusion time). Trap location: hung on the upper part of the tree’s canopy. © M2i Recommended density: 1-2 traps/ha Pest monitoring and recommendations Trap follow-up frequency Weekly Recommended intervention 8 moths/trap/week During the critical season and depending on trapping levels: it is possible to perform an additional Pest control methods insecticide and/or a biocontrol treatment according to the insect life stage. Refer to recommendations of registered products for plant protection (ephy.anses.fr) and/or to your technical advisor. -
Physicochemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) at Different Maturation Stages
agronomy Article Physicochemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) at Different Maturation Stages Juana Reche 1, Maria Soledad Almansa 2, Francisca Hernández 1 , Asunción Amorós 2 and Pilar Legua 1,* 1 Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Ctra. de Beniel, Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (F.H.) 2 Department of Applied Biology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Ctra. de Beniel, Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (M.S.A.); [email protected] (A.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-966-749-669 Abstract: Jujube is a crop very resistant to drought and salinity, making it an interesting growing alternative in southeastern Spain. The characteristics of five different cultivars of the jujube fruit have been evaluated and classified into four different maturation stages according to the color of the peel, ranging from green in its most immature stage, to white, yellow, and red in its last, more mature stage. This is due in part to the amount of carotenoids and chlorophylls studied, which vary as the fruit matures. The cultivars ‘GAL-E’ and ‘GAL-T’ are the largest in size and weight, followed by ‘MSI’, ‘PSI’, and ‘DAT’, which are the smallest cultivars. The content of phenolic compounds was also analyzed. The antioxidant activity, which was studied by different methods, 2,20-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), showed the highest activity in stages 3 and 4 of jujube fruit. -
Jordan Beans RA RMO Dir
Importation of Fresh Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Shelled or in Pods, from Jordan into the Continental United States A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment February 14, 2011 Version 2 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Beans from Jordan Executive Summary In this risk assessment we examined the risks associated with the importation of fresh beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in pods (French, green, snap, and string beans) or shelled, from the Kingdom of Jordan into the continental United States. We developed a list of pests associated with beans (in any country) that occur in Jordan on any host based on scientific literature, previous commodity risk assessments, records of intercepted pests at ports-of-entry, and information from experts on bean production. This is a qualitative risk assessment, as we express estimates of risk in descriptive terms (High, Medium, and Low) rather than numerically in probabilities or frequencies. We identified seven quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway of introduction. We estimated Consequences of Introduction by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate-host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact. We estimated Likelihood of Introduction values by considering both the quantity of the commodity imported annually and the potential for pest introduction and establishment. We summed the Consequences of Introduction and Likelihood of Introduction values to estimate overall Pest Risk Potentials, which describe risk in the absence of mitigation. -
Plum Fruit Moth Cydia Funebrana
Michigan State University’s invasive species factsheets Plum fruit moth Cydia funebrana The plum fruit moth is a pest of stone fruits in Europe and Asia. The larvae tunnel into fruits reducing marketable yields. This exotic insect is a concern for Michigan’s stone fruit producers and tree fruit nurseries. Michigan risk maps for exotic plant pests. Other common names red plum maggot, plum fruit maggot Systematic position Insecta > Lepidoptera > Tortricidae > Cydia funebrana (Treitschke) Global distribution Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Adult resting on a plum leaf. (Photo: R. Coutin / OPIE) Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sicily, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Yugoslavia. Asia: China, Cyprus, India, Iran, Syria, Turkey, former Soviet Union. Africa: Algeria. Quarantine status Cydia sp. has been intercepted nearly 6,700 times at U.S. ports of entry between 1995 and 2003 (Venette et al. 2003) although no specimens were identified specifically as C. funebrana. This insect is not known to be established in North America; it has been a target for the national CAPS survey in the United States (USDA-APHIS 2007). Plant hosts The moth feeds primarily on stone fruits (Prunus spp.) including apricot (P. armeniaca), cherry (P. avium), peach (P. persica) and plum (P. domestica). Biology A female moth lays eggs singly on the underside of the Larva in a plum. (Photo: R. Coutin / OPIE) fruit. After hatching, the caterpillar tunnels into the fruit and feeds around the seed. The mature caterpillar exits the fruit. Pupation occurs in a cocoon spun in various settings such as dead wood, under tree bark and in soil. -
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta Pest Report to Support Ranking of EU Candidate Priority Pests
APPROVED: 17 May 2019 Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2789843 Thaumatotibia leucotreta Pest Report to support ranking of EU candidate priority pests EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Baker R, Gilioli G, Behring C, Candiani D, Gogin A, Kaluski T, Kinkar M, Mosbach-Schulz O, Neri FM, Preti S, Rosace MC, Siligato R, Stancanelli G and Tramontini S Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2018-00403 Output number: EN-1656 Correspondence: [email protected] Acknowledgements: EFSA wishes to acknowledge the contribution of Marja van der Straten to the EKE and the review conducted by Lucia Zappalà. 0 Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the report ................................................................................................................ 4 2. The biology, ecology and distribution of the pest ............................................................................ 5 2.1. Summary of the biology and taxonomy ................................................................................. 5 2.2. Host plants.............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1. List of hosts ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2.2. Selection of hosts for the evaluation ..................................................................................... 5 2.2.3. Conclusions on the hosts selected for the evaluation .......................................................... -
False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia Leucotreta
Stone Fruit Commodity-Based Pest Survey False Codling Moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta Introduction False codling moth (Figure 1) is a significant pest because of its potential economic impact on many crops, including stone fruit, avocado, citrus, corn, cotton, and macadamia. It is not currently known to be present in the United States. Biology Depending on conditions, the false codling moth’s life cycle ranges from 30 to 174 days. It can produce from 2 to 10 generations each year, depending on multiple factors including temperature, food availability and quality, and humidity. To attract males, adult females release pheromones at FIGURE 1. Adult false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta). Photo courtesy of night. After the adults mate, the female deposits eggs on Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org. host plants, either in batches or as single eggs. Later, the hatching larvae burrow into the rind of the host plant. Mature larvae spin cocoons and pupate before they emerge as adults. Symptoms False codling moth can attack stone fruit at any stage. Larvae can even develop in hard green fruit prior to application of control measures. Larvae burrow at the stem end into the fruit and cause damage by feeding around the stone. Damaged fruit can become vulnerable to secondary pests such as fungal organisms and scavengers. Peaches can be damaged by larvae beginning up to 6 weeks before harvest. False codling moth can also attack plants unsuitable for larvae development, such as avocado, causing lesions on fruit tissue and diminishing the marketability of fruit. Because false codling moth is an internal feeder, few symptoms are actually displayed by the larvae. -
Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier Area, Swellendam
Biodiversity and Ecology of Critically Endangered, Rûens Silcrete Renosterveld in the Buffeljagsrivier area, Swellendam by Johannes Philippus Groenewald Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Science in Conservation Ecology in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Michael J. Samways Co-supervisor: Dr. Ruan Veldtman December 2014 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration I hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis, for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Ecology, is my own work that have not been previously published in full or in part at any other University. All work that are not my own, are acknowledge in the thesis. ___________________ Date: ____________ Groenewald J.P. Copyright © 2014 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements Firstly I want to thank my supervisor Prof. M. J. Samways for his guidance and patience through the years and my co-supervisor Dr. R. Veldtman for his help the past few years. This project would not have been possible without the help of Prof. H. Geertsema, who helped me with the identification of the Lepidoptera and other insect caught in the study area. Also want to thank Dr. K. Oberlander for the help with the identification of the Oxalis species found in the study area and Flora Cameron from CREW with the identification of some of the special plants growing in the area. I further express my gratitude to Dr. Odette Curtis from the Overberg Renosterveld Project, who helped with the identification of the rare species found in the study area as well as information about grazing and burning of Renosterveld. -
The Isolation and Genetic Characterisation of a Novel Alphabaculovirus for the Microbial Control of Cryptophlebia Peltastica and Closely Related Tortricid Pests
RHODES UNIVERSITY Where leaders learn The isolation and genetic characterisation of a novel alphabaculovirus for the microbial control of Cryptophlebia peltastica and closely related tortricid pests Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY At RHODES UNIVERSITY By TAMRYN MARSBERG December 2016 ABSTRACT Cryptophlebia peltastica (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an economically damaging pest of litchis and macadamias in South Africa. Cryptophlebia peltastica causes both pre- and post-harvest damage to litchis, reducing overall yields and thus classifying the pest as a phytosanitary risk. Various control methods have been implemented against C. peltastica in an integrated pest management programme. These control methods include chemical control, cultural control and biological control. However, these methods have not yet provided satisfactory control as of yet. As a result, an alternative control option needs to be identified and implemented into the IPM programme. An alternative method of control that has proved successful in other agricultural sectors and not yet implemented in the control of C. peltastica is that of microbial control, specifically the use of baculovirus biopesticides. This study aimed to isolate and characterise a novel baculovirus from a laboratory culture of C. peltastica that could be used as a commercially available baculovirus biopesticide. In order to isolate a baculovirus a laboratory culture of C. peltastica was successfully established at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. This is the first time a laboratory culture of C. peltastica has been established. This allowed for various biological aspects of the pest to be determined, which included: length of the life cycle, fecundity and time to oviposition, egg and larval development and percentage hatch. -
(GISD) 2021. Species Profile Ziziphus Mauritiana. Availab
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Ziziphus mauritiana Ziziphus mauritiana System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Rhamnales Rhamnaceae Common name appeldam (English, Dutch West Indies), baher (English, Fiji), bahir (English, Fiji), baer (English, Fiji), jujube (English, Guam), manzanita (English, Guam), manzanas (English, Guam), jujubier (French), Chinese date (English), Chinese apple (English), Indian jujube (English), Indian plum (English), Indian cherry (English), Malay jujube (English), coolie plum (English, Jamaica), crabapple (English, Jamaica), dunk (English, Barbados), mangustine (English, Barbados), dunks (English, Trinidad), dunks (English, Tropical Africa), Chinee apple (English, Queensland, Australia), ponsigne (English, Venezuela), yuyubo (English, Venezuela), aprin (English, Puerto Rico), yuyubi (English, Puerto Rico), perita haitiana (English, Dominican Republic), pomme malcadi (French, West Indies), pomme surette (French, West Indies), petit pomme (French, West Indies), liane croc chien (French, West Indies), gingeolier (French, West Indies), dindoulier (French, West Indies), manzana (apple) (English, Philippines), manzanita (little apple) (English, Philippines), bedara (English, Malaya), widara (English, Indonesia), widara (English, Surinam), phutsa (English, Thailand), ma-tan (English, Thailand), putrea (English, Cambodia), tao (English, Vietnam), tao nhuc (English, Vietnam), ber (English, India), bor (English, India) Synonym Ziziphus jujuba , (L.) Lam., non P. Mill. Rhamnus mauritiana -
“Zizyphus Lotus (L.)” Fruit Crude Extract and Fractions
molecules Article Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Characterization of Moroccan Wild Jujube “Zizyphus lotus (L.)” Fruit Crude Extract and Fractions Hafssa El Cadi 1 , Hajar EL Bouzidi 1,2, Ginane Selama 2, Asmae El Cadi 3, Btissam Ramdan 4, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub 5, Filippo Alibrando 6, Paola Dugo 5,6, Luigi Mondello 5,6,7,8 , Asmae Fakih Lanjri 1, Jamal Brigui 1 and Francesco Cacciola 9,* 1 Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; [email protected] (H.E.C.); [email protected] (H.E.B.); fl[email protected] (A.F.L.); [email protected] (J.B.) 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Materials, Natural Substances and Environment, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 90000 Tangier, Morocco; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Biotechnology and valorization of natural resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Ibn Zohr, 80000 Agadir, Morocco; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (Y.O.E.M.); [email protected] (P.D.); [email protected] (L.M.) 6 Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; fi[email protected] -
Biological Responses and Control of California Red Scale Aonidiella Aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Biological responses and control of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) by Khalid Omairy Mohammed Submitted to Murdoch University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia March 2020 Declaration The work described in this thesis was undertaken while I was an enrolled student for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Murdoch University, Western Australia. I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. To the best of my knowledge, all work performed by others, published or unpublished, has been duly acknowledged. Khalid O. Mohammed Date: March 10, 2020 I Acknowledgements بِ ْس ِمِِاللَّ ِـه َِّالر ْح َم ٰـ ِن َِّالر ِح ِيمِ ُ َويَ ْسأَلُ َونَك َِع ِن ُِّالروحِِِۖقُ ِل ُِّالر ُوح ِِم ْنِأَ ْم ِر َِر ِب َيِو َماِأ ِوتيتُ ْم ِِم َن ِْال ِع ْل ِمِإِ ََّّل َِق ِل ايًلِ﴿٨٥﴾ The research for this thesis was undertaken in the School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisors Professor Yonglin Ren and Dr Manjree Agarwal “Postharvest Biosecurity and Food Safety Laboratory Murdoch” for their support with enthusiasm, constructive editing, and patience throughout the years of this wonderful project. I deeply appreciate their encouragement, assistance and for being so willing to take me on as a student. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who helped me in completing this thesis.