Making Transatlantic Connections Between Varieties of English the Case of Plural Verbal -S
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Transfer Learning for Singlish Universal Dependencies Parsing and POS Tagging
From Genesis to Creole language: Transfer Learning for Singlish Universal Dependencies Parsing and POS Tagging HONGMIN WANG, University of California Santa Barbara, USA JIE YANG, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore YUE ZHANG, West Lake University, Institute for Advanced Study, China Singlish can be interesting to the computational linguistics community both linguistically as a major low- resource creole based on English, and computationally for information extraction and sentiment analysis of regional social media. In our conference paper, Wang et al. [2017], we investigated part-of-speech (POS) tagging and dependency parsing for Singlish by constructing a treebank under the Universal Dependencies scheme, and successfully used neural stacking models to integrate English syntactic knowledge for boosting Singlish POS tagging and dependency parsing, achieving the state-of-the-art accuracies of 89.50% and 84.47% for Singlish POS tagging and dependency respectively. In this work, we substantially extend Wang et al. [2017] by enlarging the Singlish treebank to more than triple the size and with much more diversity in topics, as well as further exploring neural multi-task models for integrating English syntactic knowledge. Results show that the enlarged treebank has achieved significant relative error reduction of 45.8% and 15.5% on the base model, 27% and 10% on the neural multi-task model, and 21% and 15% on the neural stacking model for POS tagging and dependency parsing respectively. Moreover, the state-of-the-art Singlish POS tagging and dependency parsing accuracies have been improved to 91.16% and 85.57% respectively. We make our treebanks and models available for further research. -
British, Scottish, English?
Scottish, English, British? coding for attitude in the UK Carmen Llamas University of York, UK Satellite Workshop for Sociolinguistic Archival Preparation attitudes ‘attitudes to language varieties underpin all manners of sociolinguistic and social psychological phenomena’ (Garrett et al., 2003: 12) ‘a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor’ (Eagley & Chaiken, 1993: 1) . components: cognitive beliefs affective feelings behavioural readiness for action speaker-internal mental constructs - methodologically challenging • direct and indirect observation: •explicit attitudes – e.g. interviews, self-completion written questionnaires • implicit attitudes – e.g. matched-guise technique, IATs borders • ideal test site for investigation of how variable linguistic behaviour is connected to attitudes – border area • fluid and complex identity construction at such sites mean border regions have particular sociolinguistic relevance • previous sociological research in and around Berwick-upon- Tweed (English town) (Kiely et al. 2000) – around half informants felt Scottish some of the time the border • Scottish~English border still seen as particularly divisive: What appears to be the most numerous bundle of dialect isoglosses in the English-speaking world runs along this border, effectively turning Scotland into a “dialect island”. (Aitken 1992:895) • predicted to become more divisive still: the Border is becoming more and more distinct linguistically as the 20th century progresses. (Kay 1986:22) ... the dividing effect of the geographical border is bound to increase. (Glauser 2000: 70) • AISEB tests these predictions by examining the linguistic and socio-psychological effects of the border the team Dominic Watt (York) Gerry Docherty (Newcastle) Damien Hall (Kent) Jennifer Nycz (Reed College) UK Economic & Social Research Council (RES-062-23-0525) AISEB three-pronged approach production • quantitative analysis of phonological variation and change attitude • cognitive vs. -
Cohesion, Coherence and Temporal Reference from an Experimental Corpus Pragmatics Perspective Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics
Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics Cristina Grisot Cohesion, Coherence and Temporal Reference from an Experimental Corpus Pragmatics Perspective Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics Editor-in-Chief Jesús Romero-Trillo, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Reviews Editor Dawn Knight, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Advisory Editorial Board Karin Aijmer, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Belén Díez-Bedmar, Universidad de Jaén, Spain Ronald Geluykens, University of Oldenburg, Germany Anna Gladkova, University of Sussex and University of Brighton, UK Stefan Gries: University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Leo Francis Hoye, University of Hong Kong, China Jingyang Jiang, Zhejiang University, China Anne O’Keefe, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland Silvia Riesco-Bernier, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen, University of Ghent, Belgium Esther Vázquez y del Árbol, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Anne Wichmann, University of Central Lancashire, UK More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11559 Cristina Grisot Cohesion, Coherence and Temporal Reference from an Experimental Corpus Pragmatics Perspective Cristina Grisot Department of Linguistics University of Geneva Geneva 4, Switzerland Published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation ISSN 2213-6819 ISSN 2213-6827 (electronic) Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics ISBN 978-3-319-96751-6 ISBN 978-3-319-96752-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96752-3 Library of Congress -
Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination
Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900 Silke Stroh northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www .nupress.northwestern .edu Copyright © 2017 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2017. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons At- tribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. In all cases attribution should include the following information: Stroh, Silke. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2017. For permissions beyond the scope of this license, visit www.nupress.northwestern.edu An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The Modern Nation- State and Its Others: Civilizing Missions at Home and Abroad, ca. 1600 to 1800 33 Chapter 2 Anglophone Literature of Civilization and the Hybridized Gaelic Subject: Martin Martin’s Travel Writings 77 Chapter 3 The Reemergence of the Primitive Other? Noble Savagery and the Romantic Age 113 Chapter 4 From Flirtations with Romantic Otherness to a More Integrated National Synthesis: “Gentleman Savages” in Walter Scott’s Novel Waverley 141 Chapter 5 Of Celts and Teutons: Racial Biology and Anti- Gaelic Discourse, ca. -
Universidaddesonora
U N I V E R S I D A D D E S O N O R A División de Humanidades y Bellas Artes Maestría en Lingüística Nominal and Adjectival Predication in Yoreme/Mayo of Sonora and Sinaloa TESIS Que para optar por el grado de Maestra en Lingüística presenta Rosario Melina Rodríguez Villanueva 2012 Universidad de Sonora Repositorio Institucional UNISON Excepto si se seala otra cosa, la licencia del tem se describe como openAccess CONTENTS DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………….. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………….. 5 ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………….. 7 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………… 12 CHAPTER 1: The Yoreme/Mayo and their language……………………………….. 16 1.1 Ethnographic and Sociolinguistic Context………………………………………. 16 1.1.1 Geographic Location of the Yoreme/Mayo…………………………………… 16 1.1.2 Social Organization of the Yoreme/Mayo……………………………………... 20 1.1.3 Economy and Working Trades………………………………………………… 21 1.1.4 Religion and Cosmogony……………………………………………………… 22 1.2 The Yoreme/Mayo language…………………………………………………….. 23 1.2.1 Geographical location and genetic affiliation………………………………….. 23 1.2.2 Phonology……………………………………………………………………… 27 1.2.2.1 Consonants………………………………………………………………….. 27 1.2.2.2 Vowels……………………………………………………………………….. 30 1.2.3 Typological Characteristics……………………………………………………. 33 1.2.3.1 Classification………………………………………………………………… 33 1.2.3.2 Marking: head or dependent?........................................................................... 35 1.2.3.3 Word Order…………………………………………………………………. 40 1.2.3.4 Case-Marking………………………………………………………………. 43 1.3 Previous Documentation and Description of Yoreme/Mayo……………………. 48 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical Preliminaries…………………………………………….. 52 2.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 52 2.1 Predication: Verbal and Non-verbal 53 2.1.1 Definition………………………………………………………………………. 53 2.1.2 Verbal Predication……………………………………………………………. 56 2.1.3 Non-verbal Predication………………………………………………………… 61 2.2. The Syntax of Non-verbal Predication………………………………………… 71 2.2.1 Nominal Predication…………………………………………………………. -
***********1-*************X**********************X**** * Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made * * from the Original Document
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 320 412 FL 018 490 AUTHOR Poplack, Shana; Tagliamonte, Sall TITLE There's No Tense Like the Present: Verbal -s inflection in Early Black English. PUB PATE 88 NOTE 42p.; In: York Papers in Linguistics 13. Selected papors from the Sociolinguistics Symposium; see FL 018 472. PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -- information Analyses (070) -- Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Black Dialects; Comparative Analysis; Diachronic Linguistics; *English; Foreign Countries; Language Research; Linguistic Theory; Phonology; *Tenses (Grammar); *Verbs IDENTIFIERS Dominican Republic ABSTRACT The behavior of verbal "-s" is examined in two data sets on early Black English as represented by:(1) tape-recorded interviews with native English-speaking residents of a region of the Dominican Republic; and (2) the ex-slave recordings housed in the Library of Congress. Each verbal construction with the potential for variable "-s" marking was extracted. The phonological, morphological, syntactic, and discourse factors affecting occurrence were analyzed. Results suggest that a number of factors condition the occurrence of "-s," while other reported effects appear not to be operative at all. It is concluded that the verbal "-s" formed an integral part of early Black English glammar, and does not occur as a hypercorrect intrusion. The process was variable, not random, and may have reflected synchronic variability in the input language at the time of acquisition. A 68-item bibliography is included. (MSE) *****************************1-*************X**********************X**** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** a Paper presented at the Sociolinguistics Symposium (7th, York, England, April 14-16, 1988). -
A Grammar of Gyeli
A Grammar of Gyeli Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) eingereicht an der Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von M.A. Nadine Grimm, geb. Borchardt geboren am 28.01.1982 in Rheda-Wiedenbrück Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekanin der Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftlichen Fakultät Prof. Dr. Julia von Blumenthal Gutachter: 1. 2. Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Table of Contents List of Tables xi List of Figures xii Abbreviations xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Gyeli Language . 1 1.1.1 The Language’s Name . 2 1.1.2 Classification . 4 1.1.3 Language Contact . 9 1.1.4 Dialects . 14 1.1.5 Language Endangerment . 16 1.1.6 Special Features of Gyeli . 18 1.1.7 Previous Literature . 19 1.2 The Gyeli Speakers . 21 1.2.1 Environment . 21 1.2.2 Subsistence and Culture . 23 1.3 Methodology . 26 1.3.1 The Project . 27 1.3.2 The Construction of a Speech Community . 27 1.3.3 Data . 28 1.4 Structure of the Grammar . 30 2 Phonology 32 2.1 Consonants . 33 2.1.1 Phonemic Inventory . 34 i Nadine Grimm A Grammar of Gyeli 2.1.2 Realization Rules . 42 2.1.2.1 Labial Velars . 43 2.1.2.2 Allophones . 44 2.1.2.3 Pre-glottalization of Labial and Alveolar Stops and the Issue of Implosives . 47 2.1.2.4 Voicing and Devoicing of Stops . 51 2.1.3 Consonant Clusters . -
Identification of Zero Copulas in Hungarian Using
Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 4802–4810 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Much Ado About Nothing Identification of Zero Copulas in Hungarian Using an NMT Model Andrea Dömötör1;2, Zijian Gyoz˝ o˝ Yang1, Attila Novák1 1MTA-PPKE Hungarian Language Technology Research Group, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics Práter u. 50/a, 1083 Budapest, Hungary 2Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Egyetem u. 1, 2087 Piliscsaba, Hungary {surname.firstname}@itk.ppke.hu Abstract The research presented in this paper concerns zero copulas in Hungarian, i.e. the phenomenon that nominal predicates lack an explicit verbal copula in the default present tense 3rd person indicative case. We created a tool based on the state-of-the-art transformer architecture implemented in Marian NMT framework that can identify and mark the location of zero copulas, i.e. the position where an overt copula would appear in the non-default cases. Our primary aim was to support quantitative corpus-based linguistic research by creating a tool that can be used to compile a corpus of significant size containing examples of nominal predicates including the location of the zero copulas. We created the training corpus for our system transforming sentences containing overt copulas into ones containing zero copula labels. However, we first needed to disambiguate occurrences of the massively ambiguous verb van ‘exist/be/have’. We performed this using a rule-base classifier relying on English translations in the English-Hungarian parallel subcorpus of the OpenSubtitles corpus. -
NWAV 46 Booklet-Oct29
1 PROGRAM BOOKLET October 29, 2017 CONTENTS • The venue and the town • The program • Welcome to NWAV 46 • The team and the reviewers • Sponsors and Book Exhibitors • Student Travel Awards https://english.wisc.edu/nwav46/ • Abstracts o Plenaries Workshops o nwav46 o Panels o Posters and oral presentations • Best student paper and poster @nwav46 • NWAV sexual harassment policy • Participant email addresses Look, folks, this is an electronic booklet. This Table of Contents gives you clues for what to search for and we trust that’s all you need. 2 We’ll have buttons with sets of pronouns … and some with a blank space to write in your own set. 3 The venue and the town We’re assuming you’ll navigate using electronic devices, but here’s some basic info. Here’s a good campus map: http://map.wisc.edu/. The conference will be in Union South, in red below, except for Saturday talks, which will be in the Brogden Psychology Building, just across Johnson Street to the northeast on the map. There are a few places to grab a bite or a drink near Union South and the big concentration of places is on and near State Street, a pedestrian zone that runs east from Memorial Library (top right). 4 The program 5 NWAV 46 2017 Madison, WI Thursday, November 2nd, 2017 12:00 Registration – 5th Quarter Room, Union South pm-6:00 pm Industry Landmark Northwoods Agriculture 1:00- Progress in regression: Discourse analysis for Sociolinguistics and Texts as data 3:00 Statistical and practical variationists forensic speech sources for improvements to Rbrul science: Knowledge- -
Chapter 1. Introduction
1 Chapter 1. Introduction Once an English-speaking population was established in South Africa in the 19 th century, new unique dialects of English began to emerge in the colony, particularly in the Eastern Cape, as a result of dialect levelling and contact with indigenous groups and the L1 Dutch speaking population already present in the country (Lanham 1996). Recognition of South African English as a variety in its own right came only later in the next century. South African English, however, is not a homogenous dialect; there are many different strata present under this designation, which have been recognised and identified in terms of geographic location and social factors such as first language, ethnicity, social class and gender (Hooper 1944a; Lanham 1964, 1966, 1967b, 1978b, 1982, 1990, 1996; Bughwan 1970; Lanham & MacDonald 1979; Barnes 1986; Lass 1987b, 1995; Wood 1987; McCormick 1989; Chick 1991; Mesthrie 1992, 1993a; Branford 1994; Douglas 1994; Buthelezi 1995; Dagut 1995; Van Rooy 1995; Wade 1995, 1997; Gough 1996; Malan 1996; Smit 1996a, 1996b; Görlach 1998c; Van der Walt 2000; Van Rooy & Van Huyssteen 2000; de Klerk & Gough 2002; Van der Walt & Van Rooy 2002; Wissing 2002). English has taken different social roles throughout South Africa’s turbulent history and has presented many faces – as a language of oppression, a language of opportunity, a language of separation or exclusivity, and also as a language of unification. From any chosen theoretical perspective, the presence of English has always been a point of contention in South Africa, a combination of both threat and promise (Mawasha 1984; Alexander 1990, 2000; de Kadt 1993, 1993b; de Klerk & Bosch 1993, 1994; Mesthrie & McCormick 1993; Schmied 1995; Wade 1995, 1997; de Klerk 1996b, 2000; Granville et al. -
REFERENCES Works by Roman Jakobson
REFERENCES Works by Roman Jakobson Abbreviations We refer here to the eight volumes of the Selected Writings with the following abbre- viations. S WI Vol. I, Phonological Studies. 1962; 2nd exp. ed. 19? 1. SW\I Vol.II, Word and Language. 1971 SW III Vol.III, Poetry of Grammar and Grammar of Poetry. 1981 5 WIV Vol. IV, Slavic Epic Studies. 1966. SWV Vol.V, On Verse, Its Masters and Explorers. 1979. S W VI Vol. VI, Early Sla vie Paths and Crossroads. 1985, Pt.f, Comparative Slavic Studies: The Cyrilio-Methodian Tradition Pt.2, Medieval Slavic Studies. SWVII Vol.VII, Contributions to Comparative Mythology; Studies in Linguistics and Philology, 1972-1982. 1995. Vol.VIII, Major Works, 1972-1982. 1987. References here are either to the English version of a work or, when such is unavail- able, to the original version. The original source of works is given only for items not appearing in Selected Writings or other collections of Jakobson's writings, except that items still available as separate publications are so identified. For a complete bibliography of Jakobson's writings, see Roman Jakobson, A Complete Bibliography of His Writings, 1912—1982, comp. and ed. Stephen Rudy (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1990), 178 pages. 1919 "Futurism." In I987a, 28-33. 1921 a "On Realism in Art." In 1987a, 19-27. 192lb Novejsaja russkaja poezija. Nabroxok pervyi. Viktor Xlebnikov. SWV, 299-354, English translation (partial); "Modern Russian Poetry: Velrmir Khlebnikov." In Major Soviet Writers: Essays in Criticism, ed. EJ. Brown, 58-82. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973. 1923 fesskom stixe-preimuxcestvenno v sopostavlenii s rttsskim. -
New Zealand English
New Zealand English Štajner, Renata Undergraduate thesis / Završni rad 2011 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:005306 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-26 Repository / Repozitorij: FFOS-repository - Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek Sveučilište J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Preddiplomski studij Engleskog jezika i književnosti i Njemačkog jezika i književnosti Renata Štajner New Zealand English Završni rad Prof. dr. sc. Mario Brdar Osijek, 2011 0 Summary ....................................................................................................................................2 Introduction................................................................................................................................4 1. History and Origin of New Zealand English…………………………………………..5 2. New Zealand English vs. British and American English ………………………….….6 3. New Zealand English vs. Australian English………………………………………….8 4. Distinctive Pronunciation………………………………………………………………9 5. Morphology and Grammar……………………………………………………………11 6. Maori influence……………………………………………………………………….12 6.1.The Maori language……………………………………………………………...12 6.2.Maori Influence on the New Zealand English………………………….………..13 6.3.The