Assessing Behavioral Aspects of Coastal Resource Use
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ASSESSING BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL RESOURCE USE by Richard B. Pollnac and Brian R. Crawford Proyek Pesisir, CRC/URI CRMP,NRM Secretariat, Ratu Plaza Building 18th Floor Jl. Jenderal Sudirman 9, Jakarta Selatan 10270, Indonesia Phone: (62-21) 720-9596 Fax: (62-21) 720-7844 Email: [email protected] ASSESSING BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL RESOURCE USE By Richard B. Pollnac and Brian R. Crawford Funding for preparation and printing of this document was provided by USAID as part of the USAID/BAPPENAS Natural Resources Management (NRM) Program and USAID-CRC/URI Coastal Resources Management Program. Further details of Proyek Pesisir publications can be found at www.indomarine.or.id Further details of NRM publications can be found at www.nrm.or.id Further details of CRM Program publications can be found at www.crc.uri.edu Printed in Narragansett, Rhode Island USA Citation: Pollnac, Richard B. and B.R. Crawford (2000), ASSESSING BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF COASTAL RESOURCE USE. Proyek Pesisir Publications Special Report. Coastal Resources Center Coastal Management Report #2226. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island. 139 pages. Credits: Maps: A. Siahainenia Layout: David Kendrick Edited by: Alice Barrows and Chip Young ISBN: 1–885454–35–8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Purpose and Scope . 2 1.3 Linking This Guide to Participatory Assessments . 4 1.4 In What Situations Should This Manual Be Used? . 4 1.5 Who Should Use This Manual? . 5 1.6 Organization of the Manual . 5 Preliminary Appraisal and Site Selection . 6 Baseline Assessment and Problem Identification . 6 Monitoring and Evaluation . 6 PRELIMINARY APPRAISAL AND SITE SELECTION . 7 2.1 Introduction . 7 2.2 Sampling . 7 Purposive, Representative Sampling . 8 Procedure . 9 2.3 Information Needs and Methods for Preliminary Appraisal . 11 Use of Secondary Information . 11 Information Requirements . 12 Specification of Variables . 12 Data Gathering Methods . 13 The Field Team . 14 Preliminary Preparations . 14 Transportation and Accommodations . 14 Limitations of the Data . 15 Procedures for Data Acquisition . 16 Validation of Information . 23 Summary of Information Needs and Methods for Preliminary Appraisal . 25 2.4 Project Site Selection . 38 iv | Contents BASELINE ASSESSMENT AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION . 41 3.1 Introduction . 41 3.2 General Methodology . 42 Review of Existing Information . 43 Mapping . 43 Observaiton . 43 Key Informant Interviews . 43 Sample Survey . 44 Personnel Requirements . 45 Time Requirements . 45 3.3 Baseline Components: Methods, Analysis, and Presentation . 47 Environment . 47 Population and Settlement Patterns . 50 Infrastructure . 50 Social Structure . 52 Occupations . 52 Education . 52 Land Ownership . 54 Material Style of Life . 55 Ethnicity and Religion . 59 Formal and Informal Associations . 60 Governance of Coastal Activities . 62 Coastal Activities . 74 Introduction . 74 Significance . 74 Methods . 75 Scale of Operation . 75 Tenure and Conflict . 76 Distribution of Labor . 76 Ownership of Productive Equipment . 77 Production, Income, and Marketing . 77 Perceptions of Resource Impacts from Human Activities . 90 Perceived Quality of Life and Problems . 96 3. 4 Problem Identification . 101 3.5 Conclusions . 106 Contents | v 4.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION . 107 4.1 Introduction . 107 4.2 Project Monitoring and Evaluation . 109 4.3 Post-evaluation . 121 Post-evaluation Data Set #1 . 122 Post-evaluation Data Set #2 . 123 Post-evaulation Data Set #3 . 123 Post-evaluation Data Set #4 . 123 Post-evaluation Data Set #5 . 124 4.4. Putting It Together . 131 REFERENCES CITED . 133 LIST OF EXAMPLES Page Example 1: Sample selection procedure. 9 Example 2: The need for cross-validation. 23 Example 3: Preliminary appraisal for one community. 25 Example 4: Preliminary appraisal summary for a region. 30 Example 5: Project site selection. 38 Example 6: Environment. 48 Example 7: Population and settlement patterns. 51 Example 8: Infrastructure. 51 Example 9: Occupations. 53 Example 10: Education. 54 Example 11: Land ownership. 55 Example 12: Material style of life. 56 Example 13: Ethnicity and religion. 59 Example 14: Formal and informal associations. ..