DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen This full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/14503 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2014-11-11 and may be subject to change. Mixed Categories Nominalizations in Ouechua Claire Lefebvre and, Pieter Muysken Studies in Natural Language & Linguistic Theory MIXED CATEGORIES STUDIES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC THEORY Managing Editors JOAN MALING, Linguistics Program, Dept, of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, U.S.A. and LUIGI RIZZI, Linguistique Générale, Faculté des Lettres, Université de Genève, 3, Place de l’Université, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland Editorial Board Judith Aissen, University of California, Santa Cruz Stephen R. Anderson, University of California, Los Angeles Avery D. Andrews, Australian National University Joan Bresnan, Stanford University Ellen Broselow, SUNY, Stony Brook Noam Chomsky, MIT Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice Robin Cooper, University o f Edinburgh Matthew Dryer, University of Alberta Gerald Gazdar, University of Sussex Kenneth Hale, MIT Moris Halle, MIT Stephen J. Harlow, University of York Alice Harris, Vanderbilt University James Harris, MIT James Huang, Cornell University Larry M. Hyman, University of Southern California Kazuko Inoue, International Christian University, Tokyo Richard S. Kayne, MIT Paul Kiparsky, Stanford University Ewan Klein, University of Edinburgh Steven Lapointe, Wayne State University Howard Lasnik, University of Connecticut John Lyons, Trinity Hall, Cambridge Alec Marantz, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill John J. McCarthy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst James McCloskey, University College, Dublin Barbara H. Partee, University of Massachusetts, Amherst David Perlmutter, University of California, San Diego Alan Prince, Brandeis University Geoffrey K. Pullum, University of California, Santa Cruz Tanya Reinhart, Tel Aviv University Ken Safir, Rutgers University Paul Schachter, University of California, Los Angeles Susan Steele, University of Arizona Tim Stowell, University of California, Los Angeles Thomas Wasow, Stanford University r CLAIRE LEFEBVRE Department o f Linguistics, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada and PIETER MUYSKEN Institute for General Linguistics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands MIXED CATEGORIES Nominalizations in Quechua If Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data HR Lefebvre, Claire. Mixed categories. (Studies in natural language and linguistic theory) Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Quechua language-Nominals. I. I. Muysken, Pieter. II. Title. III. Series. PM6303.L37 1987 498'.3 88-6810 ISBN 1-55608-050-6 ISBN 1-55608-051-4 (pbk.) ------------------------------------- V----------— ...........— " S . 1^ J------- Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved © 1988 by Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Printed in The Netherlands TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xj Spelling and glosses xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1. Towards a Theory of Mixed Categories 1 1.1. Syntactic Categories and Their Projections 1 1.2. Morphology and Syntax 3 1.3. Case 3 1.4. Movement 3 1.5. Complementation versus Relativization 4 1.6. Nominalizations as Clauses 5 1.7. Modularity and Category Theory 6 2. Overview of the Structure of Quechua 9 CHAPTER 2: SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES AND THEIR PROJECTIONS 15 1. Nominalized Clauses versus Main Clauses 15 1.1. Features in Common 15 1.2. Differences between Main Clauses and Nominalized Clauses 17 1.3. The Syntactic Distribution of Nominalized Clauses 21 2. Nominalizations and the Syntactic Categories of Quechua 23 2.1. Nominalized Verbs and the Major Categories of Quechua 24 2.2. Projections from Major Categories and X' Syntax 28 2.3. Parallels between N and V Projections in Quechua 33 2.3.1. AGR 33 2.3.2. Subjects in N'" and V"' Projections 35 2.3.2.1. Obligatoriness 36 2.3.2.2. The Distribution of PRO 38 2.3.2.3. Extraction of Subjects out of NP and S 40 2.3.2.4. Subcategorization 40 2.3.2.5. Small pro 41 2.3.2.6. Idioms 41 23.2.1. The Assignment of Thematic Roles 42 2.3.3. Is there a Syntactic VP? 44 2.3.3.1. VP can be Negated as a Separate Constituent 47 2.3.3.2. VP Constitutes a Domain for Case Assignment 48 2.3.3.3. Agreement 49 2.3.3.4. Complements of Perception Verbs 49 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.33.5. The Case Marking of Adverbs 50 3. Transcategorial Constructions 51 3.1. Review of Analyses Proposed for Transcategorial Constructions 51 3.1.1. Classical Generative Treatments of the English Gerund 51 3.1.2. The NP Dominating S Analysis 52 3.1.3. Recent Work on Transcategoriality 56 3.2. Our Analysis 57 3.2.1. Categoriality and Case 58 3.2.2. A Minimally Revised X' System 58 3.2.3. Results for Nominalized Clauses 59 3.2.4. Results for Postpositional Phrases 61 3.2.5. Local Transcategoriality 63 3.3. Lexicalization of Transcategorial Constructions 64 4. Summary 68 CHAPTER 3: MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX 69 1. Quechua Nominalizations and Their Morphology 71 1.1. Nominal Morphology 71 1.2. Verbal Morphology 72 1.3. The Morphology of Nominalizations 73 2. Affixes versus Clitics 77 2.1. The Status and Expression of Case 78 2.1.1. CASE, not P 80 2.1.2. Affix, not Clitic 81 2.2. The Status of the Other Inflectional Morphemes 89 2.2.1. Person and Number are Internal to Case 89 2.2.2. Person and Number Obey the Major Category Restriction 90 2.2.3. Allomorphy and Irregularity 90 2.2.4. Gaps in the Quechua Verb Paradigm 90 2.2.5. Idiosyncratic Ordering Restrictions 91 2.2.6. Interpretation 92 3. The Lexical Entry and Its Constitution 93 4. The Lexicon and Syntax 100 4.1. Morphological Control, the Head and INFL 101 4.2. Percolation 104 4.2.1. Case 104 4.2.2. Plural 107 5. Summary 109 CHAPTER 4: CASE 110 1. Case as a n X"' Phenomenon 111 2. Types of Case Assignment 115 3. Structural Case Assignment 116 3.1. Subjective and Objective Case 117 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii 3.1.1. Main and Adverbial Clauses 117 3.1.2. Nominalized Clauses 118 3.2. Analysis 123 3.2.1. The Rules of Structural Case Assignment 123 3.2.2. A Case Feature System 126 3.2.3. The 0 Case 126 3.2.4. Nominalized Verbs as Case Assigners 128 3.3. Conditions on Structural Case Assignment 129 3.3.1. The Adjacency Condition 129 3.3.2. The Case Resistance Principle 130 3.3.3. Government and Case Assignment 131 3.3.4. Case Assignment as Case Checking 132 4. Case Marking in Prepositional Phrases, Adjectival Phrases and Noun Phrases 133 5. The Case Filter 135 6. Summary 140 CHAPTER 5: MOVE CASE 141 1. Extraction Facts in Quechua 141 2. Raising as Move CASE 143 2.1. The Features of Raising 143 2.1.1. The NPs are Moved Outside of their Clause 143 2.1.2. Raising Leaves a Trace 145 2.1.3. Elements that can be Raised 146 2.1.4. Syntactic Conditions on Raising 147 2.2. Analysis of Raising Phenomena 148 2.2.1. Case Assignment to Raised NPs 148 2.2.2. A COMP-like CASE Position 149 2.2.3. Raising and Case Assignment into COMP 150 2.2.4. Raising as Move CASE 151 2.3. Case Theory and ^-Theory 155 2.3.1. Case Assignment without 0-Role Assignment by the Verb 155 2.3.2. Double Case Marking and the Uniqueness Criterion 156 2.3.3. Case is a Feature of Maximal Projections; 9- Roles are a Feature of Heads 157 2.3.4. Case Marking as ^-Connectedness 158 3. Wh-movement as Move CASE 158 4. Move CASE and the Non-Configurational Properties of Quechua 162 5. Summary 165 CHAPTER 6: COMPLEMENTATION VERSUS RELATIVIZATION 166 1. The Structure of Relative Clauses 166 1.1. Problems Raised by the Construction 166 1.2. Time Reference 169 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.3. Headless Relatives: S' or NP? 170 1.4. Headed and Headless Relative Clauses Related through Raising? 172 1.5r COMP as a Possible Position for the Understood Head 173 2. -q Relatives and Other -q Clauses 175 2.1. General Structure 175 2.2. The Position of the -q Clauses within the Matrix 178 2.3. Case Marking 181 2.4. -q Interpretation 184 3. Non-Subject Relative Clauses 185 3.1. Non-Subject Relatives and -na-/-sqa- Complements 186 3.2. The Position of the Understood Head and Case Floating Phenomena 1 86 3.3. The Position of -na-/-sqa- Relative Clauses within the Sentence and the Projection Principle 1 9 4 3.4. Why can there be no Subject Relative Clauses Formed with -na-/-sqa-? 196 3.5. Concluding Remarks 197 4. Free Relatives 197 4.1. Structure 199 4.2. Islandhood 201 4.3. Interpretation 204 5. Summary 204 CHAPTER 7: NOMINALIZED CLAUSES AS PROPOSITIONS 205 1. Clause Typology 206 1.1. Approaches in the Literature 206 1.2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Quichua-Spanish Language Contact in Salcedo, Ecuador: Revisiting Media Lengua Syncretic Language Practices
    QUICHUA-SPANISH LANGUAGE CONTACT IN SALCEDO, ECUADOR: REVISITING MEDIA LENGUA SYNCRETIC LANGUAGE PRACTICES BY MARCO SHAPPECK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Hans Henrich Hock, Director of Research Professor Rajeshwari Vijay Pandharipande, Chair Associate Professor Anna María Escobar Professor José Ignacio Hualde Abstract The purpose of the current thesis is to develop a better understanding of the interaction between Spanish and Quichua in the Salcedo region and provide more information for the processes that might have given rise to Media Lengua, a ‘mixed’ language comprised of a Quichua grammar and Spanish lexicon. Muysken attributes the formation of Media Lengua to relexification, ruling out any influence from other bilingual phenomena. I argue that the only characteristic that distinguishes Media Lengua from other language contact varieties in central Ecuador is the quantity of the overall Spanish borrowings and not the type of processes that might have been employed by Quichua speakers during the genesis of Media Lengua. The results from the Salcedo data that I have collected show how processes such as adlexification, code-mixing, and structural convergence produce Media Lengua-type sentences, evidence that supports an alternative analysis to Muysken’s relexification hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation is developed around four main objectives: (1) to describe the variation of Spanish loanwords within a bilingual community in Salcedo; (2) to analyze some of the prominent and recent structural changes in Quichua and Spanish; (3) to determine whether Spanish loanword use can be explained by the relationship consultants have with particular social categories; and (4) to analyze the consultants’ language ideologies toward syncretic uses of Spanish and Quichua.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
    Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Languages of the Andes - Willem F
    Cambridge University Press 052136275X - The Languages of the Andes - Willem F. H. Adelaar Frontmatter More information THE LANGUAGES OF THE ANDES The Andean and Pacific regions of South America are home to a remark- able variety of languages and language families, with a range of typologi- cal differences. This linguistic diversity results from a complex historical background, comprising periods of greater communication between dif- ferent peoples and languages, and periods of fragmentation and individual development. The Languages of the Andes is the first book in English to document in a single volume the indigenous languages spoken and for- merly spoken in this linguistically rich region, as well as in adjacent areas. Grouping the languages into different cultural spheres, it describes their characteristics in terms of language typology, language contact, and the social perspectives of present-day languages. The authors provide both historical and contemporary information, and illustrate the languages with detailed grammatical sketches. Written in a clear and accessible style, this book will be a valuable source for students and scholars of linguistics and anthropology alike. . is Professor of Amerindian Languages and Cul- tures at Leiden University. He has travelled widely in South America and has conducted fieldwork in Peru on different varieties of Quechua and minor languages of the area. He has also worked on the historical- comparative reconstruction of South American languages, and since 1991 has been involved in international activities addressing the issue of lan- guage endangerment. His previously published books include Tarma Quechua (1977) and Het Boek van Huarochir´ı (1988). . is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Nijmegen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Syntax and Semantics of the Tagalog Plural Marker Mga
    The Syntax and Semantics of the Tagalog Plural Marker Mga A THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michelle Dionisio, B.A., M.Sc. Graduate Program in Linguistics The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Professor Judith Tonhauser, Advisor Professor Craige Roberts c Copyright by Michelle Dionisio 2012 Abstract This thesis is a formal analysis of the syntax and semantics of the Tagalog plural marker mga. I present data that show that syntactically, mga is a predicate modifier that combines with a one-place predicate to form another one-place predicate. Semantically, mga is a pluralizer of entities: it translates as Link's (1983) ~ proper plural operator, which is of type <et,et> and which requires the extension of the predicate it combines with to contain only pluralities. Voice marking on a mga-marked predicate indicates the semantic role of the entities pluralized by mga. In addition, mga is distributive: it requires that the predicate it combines with hold of each subpart of the pluralities in the extension of the predicate; furthermore, these subparts must be the smallest argument units that the predicate can be true of. The formal analysis uses a categorial grammar framework (Lambek, 1958) as well as Link's (1983) theory of plurality. This thesis presents empirical and formal characterizations of the syntax and semantics of mga which are intended to serve as a foundation for future work on the optionality of mga as well as its approximative meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Projections and Non-Local Relations in Tongan Nominal Phrases
    Functional Projections and Non-Local Relations in Tongan Nominal Phrases by Catherine Marie Macdonald A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Linguistics University of Toronto © Copyright by Catherine Marie Macdonald 2014 Functional Projections and Non-Local Relations in Tongan Nominal Phrases Catherine Marie Macdonald Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Linguistics University of Toronto 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores several phenomena within Tongan nominal expressions – interactions amongst determiners, demonstratives, and definiteness; the morphosyntax of pronouns and possessive constructions; and the interactions of nominal aspect with numerals, number, and classification. Several motifs emerge, particularly the distributed nature of classification and quantification within nominal expressions, and the underlying locality of superficially long-distance syntactic relations. Although Tongan has pre-nominal articles often called definite and indefinite, I show that these encode specificity and non-specificity. Definiteness is marked via an anaphoric demonstrative clitic, the Definite Accent (DA), in the right periphery. A diachronic connection between the DA and spatial demonstratives has previously been shown, yet they do not instantiate the same syntactic category. The DA is now a marker of anaphoric deixis, interpreted as definiteness. It is merged above D0 and stranded at the right edge of a nominal expression when its complement DP moves into its specifier. The DA selects as its ii complement a DP containing [SPECIFIC], and this local selection and movement derive the apparent long-distance relation between articles in the left periphery and the DA on the right. I decompose the rich paradigm of Tongan pro-forms into several syntactic categories: Determiners, DPs, Adverbs, and ö0s.
    [Show full text]
  • Object Incorporation in Uzbek.Pdf
    BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ABRAHAMS-CURIEL DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS OBJECT INCORPORATION IN UZBEK THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE (M.A) ZARINA LEVY-FORSYTHE UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: DR. OLGA KAGAN JULY, 2018 BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ABRAHAMS-CURIEL DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS OBJECT INCORPORATION IN UZBEK THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE (M.A) ZARINA LEVY-FORSYTHE UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: DR. OLGA KAGAN Signature of student: ________________ Date: _________08/ 07 /2018 Signature of supervisor: ________________ Date: _________08/ 07 /2018 Signature of chairperson of the M.A. committee: _______________ Date: _________ JULY, 2018 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the phenomenon of ‘object incorporation’ (aka ‘noun incorporation’) in relation to Uzbek nominals in the object position. Based on previous cross-linguistic research of object incorporation, as well as novel data presented in the current work, I argue that certain Uzbek direct objects, specifically bare singular nominals, do not engage in ‘true incorporation’ (von Humboldt, 1836; Kroeber, 1909; Sapir, 1911; Mithun, 1984; Sadock, 1980; Baker, 1988; van Geenhoven, 1998), but rather undergo the process known as ‘pseudo-incorporation’ (Massam, 2001; Dayal, 2003; Farkas & de Swart, 2003; Espinal & McNally, 2011; Öztürk, 2005; Kamali, 2015; Modarresi, 2014; Krifka & Modarresi, 2016). In accounting for the various morpho-syntactic and semantic properties of Uzbek bare objects, I suggest that they get pseudo-incorporated into verbs by means of predicate restriction, whereby the meaning of a verb is restricted to the meaning of a bare nominal via the non-saturating RESTRICT mode of semantic composition (Chung & Ladusaw, 2004; Modarresi, 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • On Core Case Marking Patterns in Two Tibeto‑Burman Languages of Nagaland
    This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. On core case marking patterns in two Tibeto‑Burman languages of Nagaland Coupe, Alexander R. 2011 Coupe, A. R. (2011). On core case marking patterns in two Tibeto‑Burman languages of Nagaland. Linguistics of the Tibeto‑Burman area, 34.2, 21‑47. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/106897 © 2011 Linguistics of the Tibeto‑Burman Area. This paper was published in Linguistics of the Tibeto‑Burman Area and is made available as an electronic reprint (preprint) with permission of Linguistics of the Tibeto‑Burman Area. The paper can be found at the following URL: [http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=980424976622192;res=IELHSS]. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law. Downloaded on 29 Sep 2021 18:28:28 SGT Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area Volume 34.2 — October 2011 ON CORE CASE MARKING PATTERNS IN TWO TIBETO-BURMAN LANGUAGES OF NAGALAND* Alexander R. Coupe Nanyang Technological University Abstract: The innovative use of an oblique relational morpheme to disambiguate semantic roles or to signal the increased agency of the referent of a core argument can result in the reanalysis of a case marker that is employed in a new, purely abstract function of marking a core grammatical function.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Markers in Liangmai
    LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 14:7 July 2014 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics) Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Case Markers in Liangmai Widinibou Charengna, Ph.D. ==================================================================== Abstract This research paper is intended to explore the nature of case marker in Liangmai language. Case is a grammatical category which expresses the semantic relation between a noun phrase and predicate. Case is a feature that expresses a syntactic and semantic function of the element that carries the particular case value. The case in Liangmai is affected by using suffixes. Liangmai case markers which indicates the suffixes and post positions are added to the nouns and pronouns or to the number affixes to denote case relations. While in English, the major constituents of a sentence can usually be identified by their position in the sentence, Liangmai is a relatively free word-order language. Therefore, the constituents can be moved in the sentence Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 14:7 July 2014 Widinibou Charengna, Ph.D. Case Markers in Liangmai 396 without impacting the core meaning. For example, the following sentence pair conveys the same meaning- Wiraibou saw Akimliu, albeit with different emphases. 1. Wiraibou niu Akimliu tu ngou ye.
    [Show full text]
  • Subordination in Native South American Languages
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 Subordination in native South American languages Edited by: Van Gijn, Rik ; Haude, Katharina ; Muysken, Pieter Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-84759 Edited Scientific Work Originally published at: Subordination in native South American languages. Edited by: Van Gijn, Rik; Haude, Katharina; Muysken, Pieter (2010). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Subordination in Native South American Languages Typological Studies in Language (TSL) A companion series to the journal Studies in Language. Volumes in this series are functionally and typologically oriented, covering specific topics in language by collecting together data from a wide variety of languages and language typologies. Editor Spike Gildea University of Oregon Editorial Board Balthasar Bickel John Haiman Marianne Mithun Leipzig St Paul Santa Barbara Bernard Comrie Martin Haspelmath Doris L. Payne Leipzig / Santa Barbara Leipzig Eugene, OR Denis Creissels Bernd Heine Franz Plank Lyon Köln Konstanz William Croft Paul J. Hopper Anna Siewierska Albuquerque Pittsburgh Lancaster Nicholas Evans Andrej A. Kibrik Dan I. Slobin Canberra Moscow Berkeley Carol Genetti František Lichtenberk Sandra A. Thompson Santa Barbara Auckland Santa Barbara Volume 97 Subordination in Native South American Languages Edited by Rik van Gijn, Katharina Haude and Pieter Muysken Subordination in Native South American Languages Edited by Rik van Gijn Radboud University Nijmegen Katharina Haude CNRS, SeDyL/CELIA Pieter Muysken Radboud University Nijmegen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case System of Tagalog Verbs
    PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Senie� B - No. 21 THE CASE SYSTEM OF TAGALOG VERBS by Teresita V. Ramos Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Ramos, T.V. The case system of Tagalog verbs. B-27, viii + 178 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1974. DOI:10.15144/PL-B27.cover ©1974 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. -------------------------------- PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Ling ui��ie CiAeie 06 CanbeAAa and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASI ONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS . ED ITOR: S.A. Wurm . ASSOCIATE EDITORS : D.C. Laycock , C.L. Voorhoeve. ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and su bscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary , PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics , School of Pacific Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , A. C.T. 2600. Australia. Copyright (§) Teresita V. Ramos. First published 1974. The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. ' This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia card number and ISBN 0 85883 115 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT vi LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS viii CH APTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. The Tagalog Language 1 1. 2. Tagalog Linguistic Studies 1 1. 3. Theoretical Orientation 3 CHAPTER II. TAGALOG DEEP STRUCTURE CASES 15 2.1. The Use of Case in Philippine Studies 15 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Grammar of Kamya Draft 17/03/2021 2
    Keras Saryan dRaft 17/03/2021 1 3.2 Grammatical case 3.2.1 Introduction and overview Kamya exhibits a mainly nominative–accusative morphosyntactic alignment with minor elements of a fluid-S system. It possesses eight main grammatical cases: nominative, ac- cusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, locative, ablative and allative.1 With the excep- tion of the unmarked nominative, each of these is marked by a suffix on the head ofa noun phrase.2 As can be seen in Table 1 below, each of these case markers exhibits allo- morphy which is phonologically conditioned by the final segment of the word to which it is attached. The form and function of each case is covered in more3.2.2 detailin§§ –3.2.9 which follow. After After After vowels sonorants obstruents3 Nominative -Ø -Ø -Ø Accusative -z -az -az Genitive -re -ere, -e -ere Dative -ş -iş -iş Instrumental -ta -ta -ata Locative -şa -işa -işa Ablative -zen -azen -azen Allative -zuri -azuri -azuri Table 1: Nominal case declension 3.2.2 Nominative The nominative case is the unmarked citation form of nouns in Kamya. Its primaryrole is to denote the subjects of verbs, both transitive and intransitive (though in certain situ- ations this may also be marked with the dative; see §3.2.5). 1 Additional so-called “case augments” and other case-like suffixes are discussed in §§3.2.10 and 3.2.11 respectively. 2 Note that adnominal modifiers such as adjectives or determiners are not marked for case unlessthey themselves serve as the head of a noun phrase.
    [Show full text]
  • TUGEN WORD ORDER: a MINIMALIST PERSPECTIVE P R I S C a J E R O N O TUGEN WORD ORDER P R I S C a J E R O N O
    Prisca Jerono TUGEN WORD ORDER: A MINIMALIST PERSPECTIVE P r i s c a J e r o n o TUGEN WORD ORDER P r i s c a J e r o n o TUGEN WORD ORDER: A MINIMALIST PERSPECTIVE EGALITE (EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE, Publishing) Impressum Bibliographic information published by the National and University Library "St. Kliment Ohridski" in Skopje; detailed bibliographic data are available in the internet at http://www.nubsk.edu.mk/; CIP - 811.426.6 COBISS.MK-ID 90313738 Any brand names and product names mentioned in this book are subject to trademark, brand or patent protection and trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. The use of brand names, product names, common names, trade names, product descriptions etc. even without a particular marking in this works is in no way to be construed to mean that such names may be regarded as unrestricted in respect of trademark and brand protection legislation and could thus be used by anyone. Publisher: EGALITE (department : European Scientific Institute), Street: "203", number "1", 2300 Kocani, Republic of Macedonia Email: [email protected] Printed in Republic of Macedonia ISBN: 978-608-4642-01-5 Copyright © 2012 by the author, EGALITE and licensors All rights reserved. Kocani 2012 TUGEN WORD ORDER: A MINIMALIST PERSPECTIVE Prisca JERONO August, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE Basic Language Features of Tugen 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................1 1.1 Consonants.........................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]