DOCSLIB.ORG

Grammatical Sket Es from the Field

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grammatical Sket Es from the Field Grammatical Sketes from the Field Edited by Yasuhiro Yamakoshi Resear Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA) Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Published by the Resear Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Fuu-shi Asahi-o 3-11-1, Tokyo, 183-8534, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected] URL: hp://www.aa.tufs.ac.jp/ Phone: +81-(0)42-330-5600 Fax: +81-(0)42-330-5610 © Individual Contributors, 2010 Printed by Word On Co. Ltd. ISBN 978-4-86337-073-9 Contents Preface iii Contributors and Anowledgements v List of abbreviations and symbols ix Cusco eua Daisuke E 1 Amdo Tibetan Shiho E 41 Irabu Ryukyuan Miinori S 79 Shinekhen Buryat Yasuhiro Y 137 Sakha (Yakut) Fuyuki E 179 Kolyma Yukaghir Iku N 213 Alutor Yukari N 257 Index 303 i Preface is book presents ‘grammatical sketes’ created by young Japanese de- scriptive linguists. Ea contributor describes the phonological and gram- matical outline of the language whi they have been working on, mainly by using the primary data researed by them. is book aims to not only provide a general outline, but also present the typological or cross-linguistic aracteristics of the studied languages. For this purpose, we considered two principles with regard to the man- ner of description, namely, (1) to use general linguistic terms instead of traditional, specific terms of ea language and area, and (2) to share a table of contents for reference. However, these principles led to some problems. If we use general terms instead of specific terms, the descrip- tion of the grammar may be incomplete. is is because many linguists have wrien the grammar that is adapted to the grammatical/functional structures of ea language by using specific terms. If we share the table of contents, we might include an ‘unnecessary’ point, e.g. suffixation of isolative languages. On the other hand, if ea of us uses specific terms based on the tra- ditional descriptions, it would be very difficult to emphasize the contrast among the structures of different languages. Furthermore, the use of ‘un- necessary’ description points enables us to visually capture the relative aracteristics of ea language. erefore, we decided to follow these principles and discussed how to dra the table of contents. We, along with young descriptive linguists based in Japan have at- tempted to describe the grammars of various languages worldwide on the basis of these principles since 2005. We published two volumes of gram- matical sketes in Japanese on 2006 (including the sketes of Bende, Sakha (Yakut), Upper Sorbian, Irabu Ryukyuan, nDrapa, Kolyma Yuk- aghir, Alutor, Jino, and Shinekhen Buryat) and 2007 (including the sketes of Tutuba, Kadorih (Dohoi), Cusco eua, Amdo Tibetan, Sibe (collo- quial Manu), Siberian Yupik, Nootka, Khamnigan Mongol, and Parauk Wa). Most of the contributors in those volumes were graduate sool stu- dents. is was a very helpful opportunity for su young researers to acquire training in writing ‘holistic’ grammar, because we aimed to fo- cus on hitherto narrowly defined topics for our dissertations in graduate iii iv PREFACE sool. However, by overviewing the languages studied in this project, we could find extremely significant aracteristics or problems of ea language in our analyses. is project also motivated us to conduct in- depth resear on the languages aer the two related volumes. By con- ducting further fieldwork in the three years that passed since 2007, we sensed that we should re-write our sketes to make them more com- prehensive. Fortunately, we were supported by the Linguistics Dynamics Science Resear Project (ILCAA, TUFS), and we finally decided to re-write in English. Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all of our language consultants for their expertise on the studied languages. As the editor of this book, I am also indebted to the contributors, all of whom are prominent descriptive linguists on languages. My thanks are also due to the co-editors Fuyuki Ebata, Daisuke Ebina and Iku Nagasaki, who supported the editing tasks. Yasuhiro Y Contributors and Anowledgements is work is supported by the Collaborative Resear Development Pro- gram of the Linguistic Dynamics Science Project (LingDy), Resear Insti- tute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. We are grateful to the staff for their support. e list of contributors is as follows. e contributors would like to express their gratitude to the speakers (consultants) of ea language. Daisuke E (Cusco eua), Kobe Shukugawagakuin University Consultants: e late Mr Cecilio Atapaucar Miranda and Mr Geron- imo ispe Shiho E (Amdo Tibetan), Seisen University Consultants: Mr bLo gros rGya mtsho and Mr A lag rGya ye Miinori S (Irabu Ryukyuan), Gunma Prefectural Women’s Uni- versity ‘I am immensely grateful to the people of Irabu Island. e fol- lowing people taught me their language with utmost patience, ea- gerness, and generosity: Kimiko Namihira, Setsuko Sugama, Kani Aguni, Koii Taketomi, Hatsue Ameku, Hiroyasu Sawada, Chiko Shiokawa, Yukio Okuhama, Takeshi Tokuyama, Asako Shimoji, Miyo Karimata, and Yoshiko Kawamitsu. My fieldwork was also sup- ported by many other people whose names I do not mention here.’ Yasuhiro Y (Shinekhen Buryat), Sapporo Gakuin University Consultants: Mr Dondog (Shinekhen village, born in the 1960s), Mr Sedenjab (Bayantoxoi ward, born in the 1960s), and Mr Bayasgolang (Shinekhen village, born in the 1970s) Fuyuki E (Sakha (Yakut)), Resear Institute for Languages and Cul- tures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Consultants: Mr Chexordun Petr, Ms Neustroeva Natalia and Ms Popova Nadezhda Iku N (Kolyma Yukaghir), Resear Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies v vi CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Consultants: e late Ms Shadrina Agaf’ja (Kolymskoe village, born in the 1920s), Ms Borisova Dar’ja (Seyman, born in the 1940s), Ms Sleptsova Akulina (Nelemnoe village, born in the 1930s), Ms Shad- rina Akulina (Nelemnoe village, born in the 1930s) Yukari N (Alutor), Hokkaido University ‘I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my language con- sultants: Mr Vladimir Nutayulgin, Mr Egor Cheulin, Mrs Natalia Voronova, Mrs Lidia Cheulina, Mrs Matrena Ivnako, Mrs Maria Cheulina, Mr and Mrs Tatiana Golikova, Mrs Tatiana Kosova, and their families for arranging accommodation during my stay in Kam- atka.’ Other grants for our field research In addition to the support of the Collaborative Resear Development Program of LingDy (ILCAA, TUFS), we have been supported by various grants for our fieldwork as below. Daisuke E • Academic resear grant program (International), e University of Tokyo (2005), etc. Shiho E • Grant-in-aid for young scientists (C) “Searing for the old layer of Tibetan: through the resear of dialects in Amdo (northwest part of Tibet)” (#20529006, 2008-, headed by Shiho Ebihara) from JSPS, etc. Yasuhiro Y • Grant-in-aid for scientific resear (start-up) “General description of the endangered Mongolic languages in northern China” (#19820019, 2005-2007, headed by Yasuhiro Yamakoshi) from JSPS, etc. Fuyuki E • Grant-in-Aid for scientific resear (A) ““Native” and “Loan” in Tur- kic Languages” (#18251007, 2006-2008, headed by Tomoyuki Kubo) from JSPS, etc. vii Iku N • Grant-in-aid for scientific resear on priority resear (A) “Endan- gered Languages of the North Pacific Rim [ELPR]” (#11171101, 1999- 2003, headed by Osahito Miyaoka) from MEXT. • Grant-in-aid for scientific resear (C) “Descriptive study of Kolyma Yukaghir” (#19520329, 2007-2010, headed by Iku Nagasaki) from JSPS, etc. Yukari N • Grant-in-aid for scientific resear on priority resear (A) “Endan- gered Languages of the North Pacific Rim [ELPR]” (#11171101, 1999- 2003, headed by Osahito Miyaoka) from MEXT. • Grant-in-aid for scientific resear for JSPS Fellows (DC2) “Descrip- tive and typological study of Alutor and other Chukui-Kamatkan languages” (2003-2005, headed by Yukari Nagayama) from JSPS, etc. Workshops for publishing For the publication of this book, we conducted workshops on the follow- ing four dates: 1st: 01-02-2009 Sunday at ILCAA, TUFS. 2nd: 14-06-2009 Sunday at ILCAA, TUFS. 3rd: 03-10-2009 Saturday at ILCAA, TUFS. 4th: 19-12-2009 Saturday at ILCAA, TUFS. Abbreviations and symbols 1 First person Auxiliary 2 Second person Benefactive 3 ird person C Consonant - Affix boundary Causative = Clitic boundary Classifier # Word boundary Climactic + Compound boundary, Comparative (case) Reduplication bound- Confirmative ary Collective / / Underlying phonemic Comitatve representation Complementizer // // Surface phonemic Conditional representation Conjunction Agent-like argument Contrastive of canonical transitive Cooperative verb Copula Abessive Circumstantive Ablative Causal Absolutive Converb Accusative Dative/Dative- Adjective locative Adverb(ial) Demonstrative Adverbializer Desiderative Affirmative Detransitivizer Agentive Different event Anterior Diminutive Antipassive Distributive Approximant Desubstantivized Associative compound Aspectual Dual Aributive Dummy root Augmentative Durative Epenthesis ix x ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS Emphatic Limitative/Limitative Ergative case Essive Locative Exclusive Logophoric pronoun Existence . Lower agentive Extender Malefactive F Falling tone Medial verb Filler Modality Finite Multiplicative Formal noun Negative Focus Nominalizer/Nominal- Frequentative ization Future Nominative Genitive Non-past
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studies on Language Change. Working Papers in Linguistics No. 34
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 286 382 FL 016 932 AUTHOR Joseph, Brian D., Ed. TITLE Studies on Language Change. Working Papers in Linguistics No. 34. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Linguistics. PUB DATE Dec 86 NOTE 171p. PUB TYPE Reports - Evaluative/Feasibility (142) -- Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Arabic; Diachronic Linguistics; Dialects; *Diglossia; English; Estonian; *Etymology; Finnish; Foreign Countries; Language Variation; Linguistic Borrowing; *Linguistic Theory; *Morphemes; *Morphology (Languages); Old English; Sanskrit; Sociolinguistics; Syntax; *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Word Frequency IDENTIFIERS Saame ABSTRACT A collection of papers relevant to historical linguistics and description and explanation of language change includes: "Decliticization and Deaffixation in Saame: Abessive 'taga'" (Joel A. Nevis); "Decliticization in Old Estonian" (Joel A. Nevis); "On Automatic and Simultaneous Syntactic Changes" (Brian D. Joseph); "Loss of Nominal Case Endings in the Modern Arabic Sedentary Dialects" (Ann M. Miller); "One Rule or Many? Sanskrit Reduplication as Fragmented Affixation" (Richard D. Janda, Brian D. Joseph); "Fragmentation of Strong Verb Ablaut in Old English" (Keith Johnson); "The Etymology of 'bum': Mere Child's Play" (Mary E. Clark, Brian D. Joseph); "Small Group Lexical Innovation: Some Examples" (Christopher Kupec); "Word Frequency and Dialect Borrowing" (Debra A. Stollenwerk); "Introspection into a Stable Case of Variation in Finnish" (Riitta Valimaa-Blum);
    [Show full text]
  • Quichua-Spanish Language Contact in Salcedo, Ecuador: Revisiting Media Lengua Syncretic Language Practices
    QUICHUA-SPANISH LANGUAGE CONTACT IN SALCEDO, ECUADOR: REVISITING MEDIA LENGUA SYNCRETIC LANGUAGE PRACTICES BY MARCO SHAPPECK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Hans Henrich Hock, Director of Research Professor Rajeshwari Vijay Pandharipande, Chair Associate Professor Anna María Escobar Professor José Ignacio Hualde Abstract The purpose of the current thesis is to develop a better understanding of the interaction between Spanish and Quichua in the Salcedo region and provide more information for the processes that might have given rise to Media Lengua, a ‘mixed’ language comprised of a Quichua grammar and Spanish lexicon. Muysken attributes the formation of Media Lengua to relexification, ruling out any influence from other bilingual phenomena. I argue that the only characteristic that distinguishes Media Lengua from other language contact varieties in central Ecuador is the quantity of the overall Spanish borrowings and not the type of processes that might have been employed by Quichua speakers during the genesis of Media Lengua. The results from the Salcedo data that I have collected show how processes such as adlexification, code-mixing, and structural convergence produce Media Lengua-type sentences, evidence that supports an alternative analysis to Muysken’s relexification hypothesis. Overall, this dissertation is developed around four main objectives: (1) to describe the variation of Spanish loanwords within a bilingual community in Salcedo; (2) to analyze some of the prominent and recent structural changes in Quichua and Spanish; (3) to determine whether Spanish loanword use can be explained by the relationship consultants have with particular social categories; and (4) to analyze the consultants’ language ideologies toward syncretic uses of Spanish and Quichua.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ongoing Eclipse of Possessive Suffixes in North Saami
    Te ongoing eclipse of possessive sufxes in North Saami A case study in reduction of morphological complexity Laura A. Janda & Lene Antonsen UiT Te Arctic University of Norway North Saami is replacing the use of possessive sufxes on nouns with a morphologically simpler analytic construction. Our data (>2K examples culled from >.5M words) track this change through three generations, covering parameters of semantics, syntax and geography. Intense contact pressure on this minority language probably promotes morphological simplifcation, yielding an advantage for the innovative construction. Te innovative construction is additionally advantaged because it has a wider syntactic and semantic range and is indispensable, whereas its competitor can always be replaced. Te one environment where the possessive sufx is most strongly retained even in the youngest generation is in the Nominative singular case, and here we fnd evidence that the possessive sufx is being reinterpreted as a Vocative case marker. Keywords: North Saami; possessive sufx; morphological simplifcation; vocative; language contact; minority language 1. Te linguistic landscape of North Saami1 North Saami is a Uralic language spoken by approximately 20,000 people spread across a large area in northern parts of Norway, Sweden and Finland. North Saami is in a unique situation as the only minority language in Europe under intense pressure from majority languages from two diferent language families, namely Finnish (Uralic) in the east and Norwegian and Swedish (Indo-European 1. Tis research was supported in part by grant 22506 from the Norwegian Research Council. Te authors would also like to thank their employer, UiT Te Arctic University of Norway, for support of their research.
    [Show full text]
  • A Grammar of Tundra Nenets Mouton Grammar Library
    Irina Nikolaeva A Grammar of Tundra Nenets Mouton Grammar Library Edited by Georg Bossong Bernard Comrie Matthew Dryer Patience L. Epps Volume 65 Irina Nikolaeva A Grammar of Tundra Nenets ISBN 978-3-11-032047-3 e-ISBN 978-3-11-032064-0 ISSN 0933-7636 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. 6 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Typesetting: RoyalStandard, Hong Kong Printing and binding: CPI buch bücher.de GmbH, Birkach ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgment This grammar is the result of many years of cooperation with members of the Tundra Nenets community, whose linguistic intuitions, passion for language, and, last but not least, extraordinary patience in dealing with me made it all possible. I am greatly indebted to all of you. Ңули” сава! I owe a great debt of gratitude to the colleagues with whom I have had the opportunity to work and discuss various intriguing aspects of Tundra Nenets grammar, especially to Farrell Ackerman, Larisa Leisiö and Tapani Salminen. I really miss our joint elicitation sessions; it was a lot of fun! Tapani Salminen was the first to intro- duce me to the language, and his own work on Tundra Nenets has always been a source of inspiration for me. I also thank Tapani and Larisa for their assistance in the practical aspects of my fieldwork.
    [Show full text]
  • Verb Valency Classes in Evenki in the Comparative Perspective Igor Nedjalkov (Institute for Linguistic Studies; St-Petersburg) 1
    Verb valency classes in Evenki in the comparative perspective Igor Nedjalkov (Institute for Linguistic Studies; St-Petersburg) 1. Introduction The present paper presents an overview of valency patterns and valency alternations in Evenki, a North-Tungusic language, from a comparative perspective. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 provides information on case paradigms in Tungusic languages (TLs) relevant to issues of valency classification. Section 3 describes main valency patterns in Evenki. Section 4 addresses uncoded argument alternations (“case alternations”), while section 5 describes verb- coded alternations (“voice alternations”) in Evenki in the comparative perspective in TLs. Evenki displays many typical properties of Altaic languages: it is an agglutinating language making use of suffixation. Evenki is a nominative-accusative language with basic word order SOV. The basic intransitive and transitive construction in Even are exemplified in (1) and (2) below: (1) Oron-Ø bu-re-n reindeer-NOM die-NF-3SG ‘The reindeer died.’ (2) Etyrken-Ø oron-mo vaa-re-n old_man-NOM reindeer-ACC kill-NF-3SG ‘The old man killed the wild reindeer.’ The subject (S/A argument) is in the nominative, while the direct object (P) is in the accusative (other forms of the direct object in Evenki are Indefinite Accusative and Designative cases or Reflexive-possession markers). Agreement is possible only with the nominative subject; there is no object agreement in Evenki. TLs have the following valency-changing categories: Causative in -vkAn- (cf. iče- ‘see’ à iče-vken- ‘show’), Passive in –v- (va- ‘kill’ à va-v- ‘be killed’), Decausative (Mediopassive) in -p-/-v- (sukča- ‘break’ (tr.) à sukča-v- ‘break’ (intr.), Reciprocal in –mAt- (iče- ‘see’ à iče-met- ‘see each other’), Resultative in –ča- (loko- ‘hang’ (tr.) à loku-ča- ‘hang’ (intr.), The sociative suffix –ldy may express the reciprocal meaning with some verbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
    Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Finnish Noun Phrase
    Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Scienze del Linguaggio The Finnish Noun Phrase Relatore: Prof.ssa Giuliana Giusti Correlatore: Prof. Guglielmo Cinque Laureanda: Lena Dal Pozzo Matricola: 803546 ANNO ACCADEMICO: 2006/2007 A mia madre Table of contents Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………….…….…… III Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………........ V Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………VII 1. Word order in Finnish …………………………………………………………………1 1.1 The order of constituents in the clause …………………………………………...2 1.2 Word order and interpretation .......……………………………………………… 8 1.3 The order of constituents in the Nominal Expression ………………………… 11 1.3.1. Determiners and Possessors …………………………………………………12 1.3.2. Adjectives and other modifiers …………………………………………..… 17 1.3.2.1 Adjectival hierarchy…………………………………………………………23 1.3.2.2 Predicative structures and complements …………………………………26 1.3.3 Relative clauses …………………………………………………………….... 28 1.4 Conclusions ............……………………………………………………………. 30 2. Thematic relations in nominal expressions ……………………………………….. 32 2.1 Observations on Argument Structure ………………………………….……. 32 2.1.1 Result and Event nouns…………………………………………………… 36 2.2 Transitive nouns ………………………………………………………………... 38 2.2.1 Compound nouns ……………….……………………………………... 40 2.2.2 Intransitive nouns derived from transitive verbs …………………… 41 2.3 Passive nouns …………………………………………………………………… 42 2.4 Psychological predicates ……………………………………………………….. 46 2.4.1 Psych verbs ……………………………………………………………….
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Semantics, Case and Relator Nouns in Evenki
    Spatial semantics, case and relator nouns in Evenki Lenore A. Grenoble University of Chicago Evenki, a Northwest Tungusic language, exhibits an extensive system of nominal cases, deictic terms, and relator nouns, used to signal complex spatial relations. The paper describes the use and distribution of the spatial cases which signal stative and dynamic relations, with special attention to their semantics within a framework using fundamental Gestalt concepts such as Figure and Ground, and how they are used in combination with deictics and nouns to signal specific spatial semantics. Possible paths of grammaticalization including case stacking, or Suffixaufnahme, are dis- cussed. Keywords: spatial cases, case morphology, relator noun, deixis, Suf- fixaufnahme, grammaticalization 1. Introduction Case morphology and relator nouns are extensively used in the marking of spa- tial relations in Evenki, a Tungusic language spoken in Siberia by an estimated 4802 people (All-Russian Census 2010). A close analysis of the use of spatial cases in Evenki provides strong evidence for the development of complex case morphemes from adpositions. Descriptions of Evenki generally claim the exist- ence of 11–15 cases, depending on the dialect. The standard language is based on the Poligus dialect of the Podkamennaya Tunguska subgroup, from the Southern dialect group, now moribund. Because it forms the basis of the stand- ard (or literary) language and as such has been relatively well-studied and is somewhat codified, it usually serves as the point of departure in linguistic de- scriptions of Evenki. However, the written language is to a large degree an artifi- cial construct which has never achieved usage in everyday conversation: it does not function as a norm which cuts across dialects.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Grammar & Lexicon (Incomplete)
    Bwangxùd Reference Grammar and Lexicon Andrew Ray Revised: July 6, 2018 Contents 1 Foreword ...................................................... 3 2 Overview ...................................................... 4 2.1 Dialects....................................................... 4 3 Phonology ...................................................... 5 3.1 Inventory...................................................... 5 3.2 Tones and sandhi ................................................. 5 3.3 Morphosyntax................................................... 6 3.4 Phonological processes.............................................. 6 3.5 Vowel allophony.................................................. 7 3.6 Consonant allophony............................................... 7 3.7 Dialectal variations in phonology ........................................ 8 3.7.1 Western coastal dialect............................................. 8 3.7.2 Northern interior dialect............................................ 8 3.7.3 Southern coastal dialect............................................. 8 3.7.4 Southern interior dialect............................................ 8 4 Simple morphology and syntax ......................................... 9 4.1 Word classes.................................................... 9 4.2 Word order..................................................... 9 4.3 Deniteness and surprise............................................. 9 4.4 Noun roles..................................................... 10 4.5 Proximity.....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Berkeley Linguistics Society
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 7-8, 2015 General Session Special Session Fieldwork Methodology Editors Anna E. Jurgensen Hannah Sande Spencer Lamoureux Kenny Baclawski Alison Zerbe Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright c 2015 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0363-2946 LCCN: 76-640143 Contents Acknowledgments . v Foreword . vii The No Blur Principle Effects as an Emergent Property of Language Systems Farrell Ackerman, Robert Malouf . 1 Intensification and sociolinguistic variation: a corpus study Andrea Beltrama . 15 Tagalog Sluicing Revisited Lena Borise . 31 Phonological Opacity in Pendau: a Local Constraint Conjunction Analysis Yan Chen . 49 Proximal Demonstratives in Predicate NPs Ryan B . Doran, Gregory Ward . 61 Syntax of generic null objects revisited Vera Dvořák . 71 Non-canonical Noun Incorporation in Bzhedug Adyghe Ksenia Ershova . 99 Perceptual distribution of merging phonemes Valerie Freeman . 121 Second Position and “Floating” Clitics in Wakhi Zuzanna Fuchs . 133 Some causative alternations in K’iche’, and a unified syntactic derivation John Gluckman . 155 The ‘Whole’ Story of Partitive Quantification Kristen A . Greer . 175 A Field Method to Describe Spontaneous Motion Events in Japanese Miyuki Ishibashi . 197 i On the Derivation of Relative Clauses in Teotitlán del Valle Zapotec Nick Kalivoda, Erik Zyman . 219 Gradability and Mimetic Verbs in Japanese: A Frame-Semantic Account Naoki Kiyama, Kimi Akita . 245 Exhaustivity, Predication and the Semantics of Movement Peter Klecha, Martina Martinović . 267 Reevaluating the Diphthong Mergers in Japono-Ryukyuan Tyler Lau .
    [Show full text]
  • OTKA- 73826 Kutatási Zárójelentés
    OTKA PD 73826 Final Report Cross-Categorial Case Anne Tamm, PI September 30th, 2010 1 The guide to the final report of OTKA PD 73826 by the PI 1.1 Reasons for submitting the final report ahead of time As Principal Investigator of OTKA PD 73826 "Cross-Categorial Case," I am submitting the final report 8 months ahead of time. This requires some explanation. The final report is submitted in order to close the project for formal reasons. Namely, as of August 1, 2010, I transferred to another job for main funding. I filed a request to the OTKA office in July 2010, with the goal of finding an appropriate funding scheme for the remaining research time, until March 31, 2011. Since there were no appropriate funding schemes, the funding was stopped on July 31, 2010 instead of March 31, 2011 and a final report has to be delivered. Thus, this report documents the activities performed within the OTKA framework between April 1st, 2008 and July 31, 2010, covering 2.3 years instead of the planned 3 years of funding. The lack of a suitable scheme is the main reason for closing the project 8 months ahead of time. I would like to resume my research and publishing as soon as a suitable OTKA funding scheme emerges. 1.2 The original workplan (3 years and 2 years) The original plan encompassed three years instead of the two years that I was actually able to complete. The research goal of 3 years was to prepare a monographic manuscript for publication and two articles.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Nouns, Pronouns and Noun Phrases
    Chapter 4 NounsNouns,, Pronouns and Noun phrases In Menggwa Dla, nouns denote entities (real or imagined), abstract ideas and properties. A noun phrase consists of a head noun on its own, or a head noun plus one or more modifiers, all of which must be contiguous to each other (with exceptions; see §4.3). Three nominal categories are grammaticalised in Menggwa Dla grammar: person, genders (§4.1) and number (§4.2). However, these nominal categories are not marked within the noun phrases. Instead, the person, gender and number categories of a nominal are manifested by cross-reference suffixes (§5.2). Nouns can be modified by various modifiers: adjectives, genitive phrases, proprietive/ abessive phrases, demonstratives, degree qualifiers, quantifiers and relative clauses (§4.3). There are no morphological differences between proper names and common nouns (§4.4). On the noun phrase level there are the numerous case clitics and other nominal clitics like the topic clitic and focus clitics (§4.5). Different sets of pronouns are used in different positions (§4.6). There are the ‘citation pronouns’ which are used in topic/ subject positions or in isolation, and there are only three of them, each marking only a person category: yo first person (‘I’/ ‘We’), si second person (i.e. ‘you’) and ai third person (‘s/he/it/they’). There are also the object pronouns, genitive pronouns and subject resumptive pronouns which have fifteen or sixteen members, each marking different person, number and 186 gender combinations. These pronouns also mark a distinction of inclusive versus exclusive first person; nowhere else in Menggwa Dla (and Dla proper) grammar is the distinction of exclusive versus inclusive first person grammaticalised (see §4.6).
    [Show full text]