Reconstructing Proto-Sahaptian Sounds
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Download the Full Report 2007 5.Pdf PDF 1.8 MB
The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Directory of Columbia River Basin Tribes Council Document Number: 2007-05 Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Tribes and Tribal Confederations 5 The Burns Paiute Tribe 7 The Coeur d’Alene Tribe 9 The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation 12 The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation 15 The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation 18 The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon 21 The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 23 The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon 25 The Kalispel Tribe of Indians 28 The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho 31 The Nez Perce Tribe 34 The Shoshone Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation 37 The Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation 40 The Spokane Tribe of Indians 42 III. Canadian First Nations 45 Canadian Columbia River Tribes (First Nations) 46 IV. Tribal Associations 51 Canadian Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fisheries Commission 52 Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission 53 Upper Columbia United Tribes 55 Upper Snake River Tribes 56 The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory i ii The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory Introduction The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory 1 2 The Northwest Power and Conservation Council’s Tribal Directory Introduction The Council assembled this directory to enhance our understanding and appreciation of the Columbia River Basin tribes, including the First Nations in the Canadian portion of the basin. The directory provides brief descriptions and histories of the tribes and tribal confedera- tions, contact information, and information about tribal fi sh and wildlife projects funded through the Council’s program. -
2008 Tribal Annual Report
Historical Perspective of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Before settlements began throughout what is known today as the United States of America, Indigenous tribes spread across the North American continent like a sunset across an open front. In what is known today as the Columbia River Gorge (We’Mulx (Kiksht) N’Chi Wana (Ichishkin) Pabahuudu (Numu)), tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation of Oregon developed societies beside the Columbia River, the Cascade Mountains, the John Day River, the Klamath Basin, and southern parts of Oregon and Idaho. From the beginning, our tribes were sustained on these bountiful lands blessed with abundant resources. In 1855, Indian Bands of the Columbia River Basin entered into, what the United States called, a peace treaty relinquishing approximately ten million acres of usual and accustomed lands used by the Indian Bands in the area who were then relocated to designated Indian Reservations located inland from their home in the Gorge. A small band of Paiutes later joined the tribes on the Warm Springs reservation in 1879 after being relocated from their southern Oregon homelands to the Yakima Reservation as prisoners of the Bannock War. Today, all three tribes reside on the reservations as family, friends, and an overall connected community. The Wasco bands on the Columbia River were the eastern-most group of Chinookan and Kiksht speaking Indians. Although they were principally fishermen, their frequent contact with other Indians throughout the region provided for abundant trade. Commerce was succeeded with Chinookan bands such as the Clackamas to the west and Sahaptin bands to the east such as the neighboring Warm Springs and Nez Perce. -
Vowel Harmony in Two Even Dialects Dialects
400 220 Natalia Aralova Natalia Aralova Natalia Aralova Vowel harmony in two Even Vowel harmony in two Even dialects dialects Production and perception Production and perception This dissertation analyzes vowel systems in two dialects of Even, an endangered Northern Tungusic language spoken in Eastern Siberia. The data were collected during fieldwork in the Bystraia district of Central Kamchatka and in the village of Sebian-Küöl in Yakutia. The focus of the study is the Even system of vowel harmony, which in previous literature has been assumed to be robust. The central question concerns the number of vowel oppositions and the nature of the feature underlying the opposition between harmonic sets. The results of an acoustic study show a consistent pattern for only one acoustic parameter, namely F1, which can harmony in two Even dialects Vowel be phonologically interpreted as a feature [±height]. This acoustic study is supplemented by perception experiments. The results of the latter suggest that perceptually there is no harmonic opposition for high vowels, i.e., the harmonic pairs of high vowels have merged. Moreover, in the dialect of the Bystraia district certain consonants function as perceptual cues for the harmonic set of a word. In other words, the Bystraia Even harmony system, which was previously based on vowels, is being transformed into new oppositions among consonants. ISBN 978-94-6093-180-2 Vowel harmony in two Even dialects: Production and perception Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Even reindeer herder Anatoly Afanasyevich Solodikov, Central Kamchatka. -
COMPARING HUMANS and BIRDS by Daniel C. Mann a Dissertation
STABILIZING FORCES IN ACOUSTIC CULTURAL EVOLUTION: COMPARING HUMANS AND BIRDS by Daniel C. Mann A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2019 2019 DANIEL C. MANN All rights reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. JULIETTE BLEVINS Date Chair of the Examining Committee GITA MARTOHARDJONO Date Executive Officer MARISA HOESCHELE DAVID C. LAHTI MICHAEL I. MANDEL Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract STABILIZING FORCES IN ACOUSTIC CULTURAL EVOLUTION: COMPARING HUMANS AND BIRDS By Daniel C. Mann Advisor: Professor Juliette Blevins Learned acoustic communication systems, like birdsong and spoken human language, can be described from two seemingly contradictory perspectives. On one hand, learned acoustic communication systems can be remarkably consistent. Substantive and descriptive generalizations can be made which hold for a majority of populations within a species. On the other hand, learned acoustic communication systems are often highly variable. The degree of variation is often so great that few, if any, substantive generalizations hold for all populations in a species. Within my dissertation, I explore the interplay of variation and uniformity in three vocal learning species: budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), and humans (Homo sapiens). Budgerigars are well-known for their versatile mimicry skills, house finch song organization is uniform across populations, and human language has been described as the prime example of variability by some while others see only subtle variations of largely uniform system. -
Lexical Transfer Between Southern Interior Salish and Molalla-Sahaptian
Lexical Transfer between Southern Interior Salish and Molalla-Sahaptian Nicholas Pharris & Sarah Thomason University of Michigan Speakers of Montana Salish and Nez Perce have long been in close cultural and social contact. In this paper, we investigate the effects of these contacts on the vocabularies of the two languages, Whenever possible, we broaden our focus to encompass the Southern Interior Salish (SIS) and Molalla Sahaptian (Mol-Sah) families generally, building on previous work by Haruo Aoki and Bruce Rigsby. Most of the shared lexical items fall into six broad categories-inanimate nature, flora, fauna, cultural items, ethnonyms, and onomatopoetic forms-with a residue of miscellaneous items. Both nominal and verbal elements are represented. Some sets are restricted to Montana Salish-Spokane-l<.alispel and Nez Perce; others are widespread in both families and likely very old. The great majority of the loans appear to predate the palatalization of velars in Montana Salish and Coeur d'Alene, which occurred approximately 150 years ago. Structural influences between SIS and Mol-Sah are also briefly examined. In his important 1975 paper 'The East Plateau linguistic diffusion area', Haruo Aoki first discusses cultural and structural areal features and then lists and analyzes twenty-three definite and possible shared lexical items, focusing on Southern Interior Salish and Nez Perce. In this paper we extend Aoki's list with additional lexical items and expanded analyses. Wherever possible, we also move beyond this Sahaptian focus to consider Molalla as well; there is now substantial evidence to support the proposal that Sahaptian and Molalla are related (Pharris 2005), and this extension helps in the effort to determine the source language, or family, for some of the shared lexical items. -
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 357 635 FL 021 222 AUTHOR Redden, James E., Ed. TITLE Papers from the Hokan-Penutian Languages Conference
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 357 635 FL 021 222 AUTHOR Redden, James E., Ed. TITLE Papers from the Hokan-Penutian Languages Conference (Santa Barbara, CA, June 27, 1992) and the J. P. Harrington Conference (Santa Barbara, CA, June 24-27, 1992). Occasional Papers on Linguistics, Number 17. INSTITUTION Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale. Dept. of Linguistics. PUB DATE 92 NOTE 154p. PUB TYPE Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *American Indian Languages; *Anthropological Linguistics; Consonants; *Distinctive Features (Language); Language Research; Nouns; Phonetics; Sentence Structure; *Structural Linguistics; Syntax; Vocabulary; Vowels; Word Lists IDENTIFIERS Chumash; Hualapai; *Langdon (Margaret); Miwok (Tribe); Phrasing; Yavapai; *Yuman Languages ABSTRACT Dedicated to Margaret Langdon at the University of California, San Diego, for her contributions to Yuman studies, this volume of occasional papers contains papers presented at two conferences on Hokan-Penutian languages. The papers and presenters are as follows: "Yuman Linguistics: The Work of Margaret Langdon". (Leanne Hinton), which is both a narrative of Margaret Langdon's career and a comprehensive list of her publications; "John P. Harrington's Phonetic Representations of Obispeno Chumash Palatal Consonants' (Kathryn A. Klar); "The Vocabularies of Scouler, Tolmie and Coulter: A Reappraisal" (Anthony P. Grant); "Descent of Lake Miwok" (Catherine A. Callaghan); "Maiduan Noun Phrase Structure" (Eric J. Bakovic); "An Early Dieguena Wordlist" (Margaret Langdon); "-k and -m in Yuma Narrative Texts" (Amy Miller); "Statives in Walapai" (James E. Redden); "Vowel Length in Yavapai Revisited" (Kimberly Diane Thomas); and "Comparatives in Yuman Languages" (Pamela Munro). Contains approximately 125 references. (LB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Kamloops Chinúk Wawa, Chinuk Pipa, and the Vitality of Pidgins
Kamloops Chinúk Wawa, Chinuk pipa, and the vitality of pidgins by David Douglas Robertson B.A., Columbia University, 1988 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Linguistics © David Douglas Robertson, 2011 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Kamloops Chinúk Wawa, Chinuk pipa, and the vitality of pidgins by David Douglas Robertson B.A., Columbia University, 1988 Supervisory Committee Dr. Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, Supervisor (Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria) Dr. Sarah Grey Thomason, Departmental Member (Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria; University of Michigan) Dr. Wendy Wickwire, Outside Member (Department of History, University of Victoria) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, Supervisor (Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria) Dr. Sarah Grey Thomason, Departmental Member (Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria; University of Michigan) Dr. Wendy Wickwire, Outside Member (Department of History, University of Victoria) Abstract This dissertation presents the first full grammatical description of unprompted (spontaneous) speech in pidgin Chinook Jargon [synonyms Chinúk Wawa, Chinook]. The data come from a dialect I term ‘Kamloops Chinúk Wawa’, used in southern interior British Columbia circa 1900. I also present the first historical study and structural analysis of the shorthand-based ‘Chinuk pipa ’ alphabet in which Kamloops Chinúk Wawa was written, primarily by Salish people. This study is made possible by the discovery of several hundred such texts, which I have transliterated and analyzed. The Basic Linguistic Theory-inspired (cf. -
1996 New Directions in Referentiality.Pdf
New Directionsin ReferentialitY MarianneMithun Universityof Caffimia, SantaBarbara We know that pronouns, like many other kinds of words, may follow natural paths of grammaticization, undergoing reduction over time from independent words to clitics and affixes. Such a developmentis well known in the history of French,for example,as well as in Bantu languages(Giv6n 1971' 1976)' Austronesian and Australian languages(Mithun 1990), and others' It is sorne- times assumedthat this phorrological reduction is necessarilyaccompanied or even precededby a correspondingreduction in referentiality: From pronoun to mere 'agreement'. In what follows, it will be shown that hdependent pronouns are not the only diachronic source of such afflxes; they may come from altemative sources as well Their development, furthermore, need not entail a loss in referentiality; it may even involve a gain. The examination of an alternative path of evolution raises a basic question about the nature of referentiality. 1. Sahaptian Languageswith pronominal affixes on their verbs often exhibit a specific gap in Gir paradigms. They ftequently contain pronominal affrxes for first and secondpersons but not third: Lakhota wa-?rt' 'I carne'ya-?rt 'you carne'' uk-rt 'you anit I came', but I '(s/he) came'. Third persons are identified by independent nominals, by demonstxativesor emphatic pronouns, or, most often, by nothing at all so long as referenceis clear' Such systernsaccord well with what we know about anaphoric systems in general' The same altema- tives are available in many languageswithout pronominal affixes: First and second Dersonsare consistently identified by independent pronouns, while 414 Marianne Mithun third persons are identified by independent nominals, demonstratives, em- phatic pronouns, or, most often, by nothing at all. -
1. Description 1.1 Tenino; They Spoke a Sahaptin Language of the Penutian Phylum (1) 1.2 Tqn (1) 1.3 Oregon, Warm Springs Reservation (1)
1. Description 1.1 Tenino; They spoke a Sahaptin language of the Penutian phylum (1) 1.2 Tqn (1) 1.3 Oregon, Warm Springs Reservation (1). 1.4 The Tenino lived in north-central Oregon and south-central Washington along the Columbia River from the Deschutes River in the west to the Umatilla River in the east. They moved to the Yakima Indian Reservation in Washington and the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in Oregon (2). 1.5 Influence: The Lewis and Clark Expedition first noted The Tenino people late in October 1805, when several members of the band were recruited to help the Corps to port their boats and equipment around the impassible Celilo Falls. In 1855, the Tenino people were made a party to the Treaty with the Tribes of Middle Oregon, which was negotiated by Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs Joel Palmer. The Warm Springs bands are today a part of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, which governs the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in Central Oregon The Tenino people have a right by treaty to use the lands around Government Camp, Orgeon on Mount Hood (5). 1.6 Warm Springs was first settled soon after the Treaty of 1855 by Tygh and Wasco, as well as Tenino remnants. The Northern Paiutes arrived in 1879. The Three primary tribes finally organized as the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs in 1937. (7) 1.7 50 (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1977 SIL) (1) 2. Economy 2.1 Main carbohydrate staple(s): berries, venison, nuts, roots, pine nuts (2) 2.2 Protein-lipid sources: Fish (2) 2.3 Weapons: The horns of deer, elk, and mountain sheep and goats supplied the materials for wedges, picks, chisels, net gauges, gambling dice, and projectile points. -
Teaching Materials to Benefit Yakama Language Learning and Natural Resource Management
NAKTKWANINT TIINWfTKI (TO TAKE CARE OF 1HINGS 1HE INDIAN WAY): TEACHING MATERIALS TO BENEFIT YAKAMA LANGUAGE LEARNING AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A Terminal Project Presented by Roger jacob to the Linguistics Department in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Linguistics with a Language Teaching Specialization University of Oregon june 2010 TITLE: Nakthl'anint Tiinwitki (To take care ofthings the Indian way): Teaching materials to benefit Yakama language learning and natural resource management AUTHOR: Roger Jacob FIRST READER: Dr. Janne Underriner University ofOregon, Northwest Indian Language Institute SECOND READER: Mr. Robert Elliott University ofOregon, American English Institute ABSTRACT Currently, there is a lack of and a need for Yakama/Sahaptin (lchishkin) teaching materials. Yakama elders and resource managers on the Yakama Reservation have also identified a lack of and a need for a means to identify and better manage Yakama natural and cultural resources. This terminal project attempts to meet these needs through the development ofthe Yakama Nation Forest Resource Catalog (YNFRC). This catalog is comprised of pictures, Ichishkin sentences, and English sentences of culturally significant Yakama resources. As a part of this project, Yakama elders were interviewed in Ichishkin and English. University of Oregon first year Ichishkin students played a key role in the development of the catalog materials. Sample lessons ofhow these materials can be used for language teaching and learning -
Is for Aboriginal
Joseph MacLean lives in the Coast Salish traditional Digital territory (North Vancouver, British Columbia). A is for Aboriginal He grew up in Unama’ki (Cape Breton Island, Nova By Joseph MacLean Scotia) until, at the age of ten, his family moved to Illustrated by Brendan Heard the Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) Territory (Montréal). Joseph is an historian by education, a storyteller by Is For Zuni A Is For Aboriginal avocation and a social entrepreneur by trade. Is For Z “Those who cannot remember the past are His mother, Lieut. Virginia Doyle, a WWII army Pueblo condemned to repeat it.” nurse, often spoke of her Irish grandmother, a country From the Spanish for Village healer and herbalist, being adopted by the Mi'kmaq. - George Santayana (1863-1952) Ancient Anasazi Aboriginal The author remembers the stories of how his great- American SouthwestProof grandmother met Native medicine women on her A is for Aboriginal is the first in the First ‘gatherings’ and how as she shared her ‘old-country’ A:shiwi is their name in their language Nations Reader Series. Each letter explores a knowledge and learned additional remedies from her The language stands alone name, a place or facet of Aboriginal history and new found friends. The author wishes he had written Unique, single, their own down some of the recipes that his mother used when culture. he was growing up – strange smelling plasters that Zuni pottery cured his childhood ailments. geometry and rich secrets The reader will discover some interesting bits of glaze and gleam in the desert sun history and tradition that are not widely known. -
Review of Linguistic Information
Kennewick Man--Hunn chapter file:///F]/PROGRAMS/RIM,nqqww,'AEP-WEB_kennewckHUNNHTM ] "_ 7 " 2 PROGRAM- 7" . Kennewick Man Chapter 4 Cultural AffiliationReport Section1 Review of Linguistic Information Eugene S. Hunn Introduction Contents lni_oduotion Author's qualifications I hold a Ph.D. in Anthropology (1973) from the University of F'_sul_s California, Berkeley and have taught in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Washington since 1972. C=:,rJciJJ.:._cr_.:. My primary expertise is in ethnobiology, which is the Jierak_reCiied ethnographic study of human relationships with the natural environment. In my research I rely heavily on the analysis -_ers0nsContacted of linguistic evidence to establish how the natural environment is conceptualized within particular cultures. Though my training is not as a linguist, per se, my doctoral dissertation was completed under the direction of Brent Berlin and Paul Kay, two outstanding linguistic anthropologists, and I have published in the International Journal of American Unguistics, the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, and the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. I have served on the editorial board of the Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. With respect to the cultural region under consideration here, I have conducted ethnographic, historical, ecological, and linguistic research in the Columbia Plateau continuously since 1975. I co-authored Nch'i-W_na "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land (1990) with my Yakama colleague and teacher, James Selam, and have published numerous articles on Plateau ecology, language, and culture during the past 25 years, including two chapters I co-authored for the Plateau volume (1998) of the Smithsonian Institution's Handbook of North American Indians.