U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
Preserving Our History For Future Generations
Historic Light Station Information WISCONSIN
ALGOMA PIERHEAD LIGHT (FRONT & REAR)
Location: MOUTH OF THE AHNAPEE RIVER ON LAKE MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN Station Established: 1893 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1932 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1973 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: PIER Construction Materials: STEEL Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL Markings/Pattern: RED Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FRESNEL Range: 16 Miles Characteristic: Red, Isophase 6 sec.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Ahnapee grew rapidly in the mid to late 1870s and became the home to the largest commercial fishing fleet on Lake Michigan. When the government would not approve a lighthouse to mark the entrance to the harbor, locals erected a couple of post lights at the outer end of the two piers at the harbor entrance. Congress finally appropriated money to build some range lights in 1891 to mark the entrance of the harbor at Ahnapee which was renamed Algoma. The light was built in 1892 after new piers were completed but the light was not lit until the beginning of the 1893 shipping season. The piers were unique in that they were split and off-set. There was not a single continuous pier. To get to the lighthouse a bridge had to be built to span the gap between the off-set portions. The range initially consisted of a front post light and a wooden skeletal tower rear range. In 1895 the rear range tower had an upgrade to the lens. A fifth order lens was installed that increased the range from 9 miles to 11 miles.
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U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
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In 1897 a catwalk was installed making access to the light easier but it did not extend all the way to shore. It was extended to the shore in 1900. In 1908 the wooden rear range had significantly deteriorated and was replaced by a cast-iron tower. This tower replaced the range lights. Also in 1908 a keeper’s house was built along the river. In 1910 a fog signal was added to the station. In 1932 improvements were made to the pier and the lighthouse was raised to increase the visibility of the light. An electric remote controlled fog signal was also installed. The light was automated in 1973.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
ASHLAND HARBOR BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: CHEQUAMEGON BAY/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1911 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1915 Operational? YES Automated? YES Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER ON CRIB Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE/STEEL Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL. WATCHROOM ON HEX. PYRAMIDAL. TOWER Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL Range: 9 Miles Characteristic: White flashing 6 sec.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1889 thru 1912 the army corps of engineers built two large parallel breakwaters in Chequamegon Bay in order to protect the harbor at Ashland where exports of iron ore had begun. This was the only protection against the violent storms that could frequent the area. The breakwaters served their purpose but they also made it difficult for ships to find the entrance to the harbor.
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U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
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As a temporary measure a 10 foot pole was erected on the west end of the breakwater and a fixed red lantern was hung from it. In 1913, once the breakwater was completed, congress appropriated money for a pier light. A concrete and steel tower was built and in 1915 a fourth order Fresnel was installed and lit. In 1916 a keeper’s house was built on shore and the keeper moved out of the light. In 1980 the light was listed on Wisconsin’s Register of Historic Sites and the Coast Guard removed the Fresnel lens and replaced it with a solar-powered acrylic optic.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
BAILEY'S HARBOR LIGHT
Location; NORTH POINT ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1853 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1853 Operational? NO Automated? NO Deactivated: 1870 Foundation Materials: Construction Materials: RUBBLESTONE Tower Shape: CONICAL Markings/Pattern: NATURAL Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER FRESNEL LENS
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Bailey’s Harbor is the only natural harbor north of Milwaukee. In 1952 a lighthouse was built to mark the harbor. It contained a sixth order Fresnel lens. In 1958 the lens was upgraded to a fifth order because mariners felt the original light was too dim. The light deteriorated rapidly and it was deactivated in 1870, replaced by range lights on the western side of the bay.
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Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
BAILEYS HARBOR RANGE LIGHTS
Location: DOOR PENINSULA/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1853 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1870 Operational? NO Automated? YES 1930 Deactivated: 1969. Re-Lit 1995. Foundation Materials: FIELDSTONE Construction Materials: WOOD Tower Shape: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER (REAR RANGE) 1897
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1868 Congress appropriated funds to build range lights to help ships enter Baileys Harbor. The lights were first lit in 1870. In 1923 the fuel was switched to acetylene gas. Previously kerosene had been used and prior to that lard or whale oil. The light was electrified and automated in 1930. In 1934 the land and buildings were transferred to the Door County Parks Commission. In 1969 one of the lights was discontinued and a single light was used. The Fresnel lens was removed. In the 1980’s the Door County Historical Society raised money to restore the range lights and restore a boardwalk that ran between the two lights. Mariners complained about the inadequacy of the single light and the range lights were re-lit in 1995. In 1998 the ownership of the range lights was transferred to the Door County Parks Commission.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
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CANA ISLAND LIGHT
LAKE MICHIGAN/BAILEYS HARBOR/NORTH BAY Station Established: 1870 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1869 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1945 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: DRESSED STONE Construction Materials: YELLOW BRICK/1902 STEEL SHELL ADDED Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1870
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The tower was built in 1869. In 1902 the brick tower was encased in a steel shell with the space between the steel and the brick filled with concrete. This was done to prevent deterioration of the structure. Alterations were made to the entrance to the tower over the years. It is now only accessible through the keepers’ house. In 1941 the light was automated with power supplied by a generator. In 1960 power lines were run to the island. In 1976 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The Island and buildings are currently being leased from the Bureau of Land Management by the Door County Maritime Museum.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
CHAMBERS ISLAND LIGHT
Location: MIDDLE OF GREEN BAY/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1868 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1868
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Operational? NO Automated? YES 1961 Deactivated: 1961 Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: BRICK Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL W/OUT LANTERN Markings/Pattern: YELLOW Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1866 Congress approved funds for a light on Chambers Island. In 1867 the government purchased 40 acres of land and a lighthouse with keeper’s quarters was built. The light was first lit in 1868. A new rotating fourth order Fresnel lens was installed in 1899. Prior to that it had been a fourth order Fresnel with a fixed flashing signal. In 1910 electric light bulbs powered by a generator were installed. In 1926 this was switched to an acetylene system. Later still solar power was used to power the light. In 1951 a skeletal tower was erected and the lantern and lens were removed. In 1961 the light was moved to a taller skeletal tower increasing its range to 12 miles. The location of the lens is unknown. The station had been heavily vandalized in the 1960 after it was abandoned. Local interest was raised and the site was restored. In 1976 the station was transferred to the town of Gibralter and in 1977 the site became a park.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
CHEQUAMEGON POINT LIGHT
Location: LONG ISLAND/CHEQUAMEGON BAY Station Established: 1858 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1896 Operational? NO Automated? YES 1964 Deactivated: 1986 Foundation Materials: MOVED/ORIG. CONCRETE PIER
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Construction Materials: IRON Tower Shape: SKELETAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1897 Range: 13 miles
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
A light was first built in 1858 on Long Island in Lake Superior to guide ships into the port on Madeline Island. At the time it was the main port in that area. By 1896 Ashland had become the major port so congress approved funds to put another light on the other end of the island to show ships where to turn for Ashland. A three story skeletal tower was built. The fourth order Fresnel lens from the 1858 light was moved to the new tower. This new light was lit in 1897 and showed a fixed red light. In 1911 three cribs were installed along the shore to stop erosion that was threatening to topple the light. In 1964 the light was automated. In 1986 the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Park was expanded to include Long Island. When the light was again threatened with erosion the tower was moved back from the shore by the Coast Guard. A new tower was erected closer to the shore. The old tower is still standing but has deteriorated somewhat.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
DEVILS ISLAND LIGHT
Location: APOSTLE ISLANDS/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1891 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1898 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1978 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: CAST IRON Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL
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Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER (1891) replaced by a THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL (1901) when new tower built. Range: 22 miles (1901 lens)
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1888 Congress approved a request from mariners to build a light at this location. The light was built and first lit in 1891 and housed a fourth order Fresnel lens. In 1893 more funds were approved to build a better tower than the temporary wood tower built in 1891.This time a 71 foot cast-iron cylindrical tower was built. The tower was completed in 1898 but it was three years before the third-order Fresnel lens arrived. In 1917 the tower was stabilized by placing bracing rods around the outside of the tower. In 1928 President Calvin Coolidge visited the island and toured the lighthouse. In 1978 the lighthouse was automated. In 1989 the Fresnel lens was removed and replaced with a modern beacon. The state wanted the lens returned and sued the government. They won the case and the lens was returned to the tower in 1992. The modern solar powered beacon was moved outside on the gallery.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
EAGLE BLUFF LIGHT
Location: EAST CHANNEL INTO GREEN BAY Station Established: 1868 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1868 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1926 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: BRICK Tower Shape: SQUARE Markings/Pattern: YELLOW WITH RED ROOF
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Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: THIRD & ONE HALF ORDER 1868
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1866 congress approved and funded the placement of a lighthouse at Eagle bluff to mark the shipping channel between Door Peninsula and Strawberry Island. The light was not built until 1868. It was square brick tower with the lantern built on top. It housed a 3-½ Order Fresnel lens. In 1897 an oil house was added to the station. In 1918 the 3 ½ Order Fresnel was replaced by a fifth order. In 1926 the light was automated. In 1936 the dwelling was leased to the state park. In 1960 the Door County Historical Society worked on restoration of the station and opened it to the public a few years later. In 1983 the station switched to solar power and the characteristic and range were changed. The light could only be seen for 10 miles.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
FOX RIVER LIGHT
GRASSY ISLAND LOWER & UPPER RANGE LIGHT STATION
Location: GRASSY ISLAND, GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN Station Established: 1872 Operational? No – moved to new location Automated: 1934 Deactivated: 1966 Foundation Materials: Pier Construction Materials: Both were wood with cedar shake shingles Tower Shape: CONICAL Markings/Pattern: Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER FRESNEL (Both)
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Range: Front – 11 miles, Rear – 13 miles Characteristic: Fixed White (Both)
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1838 money was first approved for a Grassy Island light. However it was felt at the time the island was not suitable due to rising water levels and it was thought the island would soon be under water. For a time mariners had to make due with the lights at Long Tail Point. In 1866 a channel was dredged right through Grassy Island in an attempt to make the approach to Fox River at Green Bay more direct. At the same time funds were approved to build a lighthouse to mark the new channel. It was decided that range lights would be built but were not completed and lit until 1872. Seems there was a never ending battle with the elements at this light station. In 1880 the keeper’s house and woodshed roofs were replaced. In 1889 a breakwater was built to help forestall erosion. In 1896 the boat house had to be replaced due to water damage. In 1902 the boat house was raised due to rising water. In 1966 it was decided to widen the channel and as a result the lights were to be destroyed. They were saved and in 1999 both lights were moved to the Green Bay Yacht Club.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
GREEN BAY LIGHT
Location: GREEN BAY HARBOR ENTRANCE Station Established: 1935 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935 Operational? Yes Automated? 1979 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: Concrete Pier Construction Materials: Steel Plate Tower Shape: Circular Markings/Pattern: Cream Relationship to Other Structure: Separate Original Lens: 4th Order Fresnel
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HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Built in 1935 Automated in 1979 In 1987 five additional automated lights were added to help in the approach to Green Bay Harbor.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
GREEN ISLAND LIGHT
Location: On Green Island in Green Bay off of Marinette, five miles southeast of the mouth of the Menominee River. Station Established: 1863 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1863 Operational? NO Automated? 1933 Deactivated: Abandoned, destroyed by fire. Original Lens: Fourth Order Fresnel
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1859 funds were appropriated to build a lighthouse on or near Green Island. The following year the state of Wisconsin seized the land on which the light was to be built. In October of 1863 the light was first lit. The tower contained a fourth order Fresnel lens and the signal was a fixed-white light In 1864 the light was damaged by fire and a temporary structure was erected. In 1876 a new crib and land pier was built to make off-loading supplies easier. In 1883 lake levels had dropped and the boathouse was moved closer to the water. In 1893 the water levels had dropped so much that the well went dry and a new one had to be dug. In 1902 the boat house was damaged in a storm by ice and had to be re-built. In 1933 the light was automated. In 1956 a steel skeletal tower was erected and is what is in use today. In 1957 the island became privately owned.
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Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
KENOSHA (SOUTHPORT) LIGHT
Location: SIMMONS ISLAND/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1848 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1866 Operational? YES Automated? UNK Deactivated: 1906-1996 Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: CREAM COLORED BRICK Tower Shape: CONICAL Markings/Pattern: MORTAR COAT Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1866
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1847 land was purchased for the purpose of building a lighthouse on Simmons Island. The light was completed the following year. A second larger tower was built in 1858. It was not long before this tower required replacing and a new structure was completed in 1866. In 1903 it was decided to keep the light lit all year round because the winters were mild enough to allow year round shipping. In 1906 it was decided to discontinue this light. In 1913 the lantern was removed and the tower was capped off at the gallery level. In 1950s there were discussions about demolishing the tower. Citizens of Kenosha worked to save the tower and in 1955 the tower and lands were conveyed to the city of Kenosha. In 1994 the lantern was replaced. A light was installed and the tower became a private light.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
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KEWAUNEE PIERHEAD LIGHT
Location: End of a breakwater on the south side of the entrance to the Kewaunee River, Lake Michigan Station Established: 1889 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1931 Operational: Yes Automated: Yes Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: Pier Construction Materials: Steel Tower Shape: Square on rectangular house Markings/Pattern: White with red roof Relationship to Other Structure: Integral Height: 45 feet Characteristic: Fixed red Original Lens: 5th Order, Fresnel Fog Signal: 10-inch steam whistle; blasts 3 seconds, silent intervals 17 seconds (as of 1901); diaphone-type fog horn (1909)
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Originally a pair of range lights was installed on the pier in 1891. In 1931 the Front Range light was removed when a new tower was constructed on top of the fog building that had been constructed in 1909 right behind the Front Range light. The Lantern and fifth-order Fresnel lens were moved from the range light to the new tower. In 2009 the light was deemed “excess” by the U.S. Coast Guard.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
LA POINTE (LONG ISLAND) LIGHT
Location: LONG ISLAND/CHEQUAMEGON BAY/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1858 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1896
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Operational? YES Automated? YES 1964 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: CAST IRON Tower Shape: SKELETAL W/CENTRAL COLUMN Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1896 Range: 12 miles Characteristic: Fixed white
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1853 Congress appropriated money for a light on the west end of Long Island. The light was built, but on the wrong island. It had been built on Michigan Island instead of Long Island as the contract called for. In order to get paid the contractors built a light at the correct location but had to assume the cost for this structure. As a result, it was not as well constructed as the first tower. The structure was subjected to the normal Great Lakes storms and soon showed signs of ware. In 1864 supports were installed to provide greater stability for the structure. In 1868 the light built on Michigan Island was lit. To avoid confusion between the two lights the characteristic of the Long Island light was changed to red. A fog signal was added in 1889. In 1897 the new La Point Light was built and the old one was discontinued. It was allowed to deteriorate and today very little is left of the old structure.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
MANITOWOC BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1840 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1840 Operational? No Automated? No Deactivated: 1877
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Foundation Materials: Brick Construction Materials: Brick Tower Shape: Conical Relationship to Other Structure: Separate Original Lens: 11 lamps with 14-inch reflectors
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Congress approved funds for a lighthouse here in 1837. This first light was built in 1840 on high ground near the mouth of the Manitowoc River. In 1877 the light was discontinued when a new tower proved powerful enough to meet the harbor needs. In 1895 the tower and keeper’s house were demolished so a new two-story keepers’ duplex could be built for he keeper’s of the new lights.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
MANITOWOC NORTH BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1895 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1918 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1971 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER Construction Materials: STEEL FRAME Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL ON SQUARE HOUSE Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1918
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The first breakwater light was built in 1895. In 1902 a fifth-order Fresnel was installed. In 1907 the harbor was dredged and new breakwaters were built.
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When these were completed a new breakwater light was built in 1918 and a fourth-order Fresnel was installed. In 1927 a radio beacon was added to the light. In 1932 a fog signal was synchronized with the radio beacon. In 1940 a telephone line and a new radio room transmitter was installed. In the 1950s a new power cable was run to the light. In 1971 the light was automated. In 1985 the structure was added to the states Register of Historic Places.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
MANITOWOC NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1850 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1850 rebuilt (1940) Operational? YES (1940 tower) Automated? No Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE BREAKWATER Construction Materials: Tower Shape: SQUARE WHITE PYRAMIDAL TOWER Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: Unknown
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1850 the first pierhead light was built. In 1877 this light was thought to be powerful enough for the harbor and the main Manitowoc light was discontinued. At this time a fog bell was also installed in the light. In 1892 the light was refurbished. In 1918 after completion of the breakwater the light was moved closer to shore. In 1937 the 1850 light was destroyed in a storm. In 1940 A skeletal tower replaced it. In 1947 the light was moved to the end of the pier. In 1948 the light was moved back to where it had been.
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Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
MICHIGAN ISLAND LIGHTS (OLD & NEW)
Location: APOSTLE ISLANDS/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1857 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1869; Second Tower: 1880 Operational? NO; Second Tower? YES Automated? YES 1943 Deactivated: 1929; Second Tower: N/A Foundation Materials: NATURAL/EMPLACED; Second Tower: CONCRETE Construction Materials: MASONRY; Second Tower: CAST IRON Tower Shape: CONICAL; Second Tower: SKELETAL W/CENTRAL CYLINDER Markings/Pattern: BLACK LANTERN ON WHITEWASHED MASONRY TOWER; Second Tower: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED; Second Tower: SEPARATE Original Lens: THIRD AND HALF ORDER, FRESNEL 1869 Original Range: 20 miles. New Range: 22 miles Characteristic: Fixed white light.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Initially a light was built on Michigan Island instead of Long Island as the contract had called for in 1857. The light may have been lit temporarily while the correct light was built on Long Island. In 1858 the lantern and light were removed and installed in the light originally ordered for Long Island and this light went dark soon after it was built. In 1869 it was decided that increased traffic in the area warranted the re-lighting or lighting of this beacon. The structure had deteriorated some since the station had stood empty since 1858, so money was appropriated to make structural repairs and install a new lantern and lens. In September of 1869 the light was lit. In 1928 a skeletal tower that had been built in 1880 was moved to the island and reassembled on new footings and the 3 ½ Order Fresnel was installed in the new tower with an electric bulb. A new brick powerhouse was built to house a diesel powered generator. In 1929 the old tower was discontinued. A radio beacon signal replaced the old fog signal.
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Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
MILWAUKEE BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1890s. Second light in 1926 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1926 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1966 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER Construction Materials: STEEL FRAME Tower Shape: SQUARE ON SQUARE HOUSE Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER WITH BLACK LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Construction of the breakwaters started in 1881. As the Milwaukee breakwaters were built they were lit by temporary beacons. In the 1890s a light was built on the breakwater. The first light lasted until 1926 when it was replaced with a light built on the south end of the north breakwater. The lens from the pierhead light was installed and that light received a 5th order lens. In 1966 the light was automated.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
MILWAUKEE PIERHEAD LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1872 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1906 Operational? NO
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Automated? YES Deactivated: Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER Construction Materials: STEEL Tower Shape: CONICAL Markings/Pattern: RED W/BLACK LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL Range: 12 miles Characteristic: Flashing white 4 sec.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The piers flanking the channel of the river were extended out further into Lake Michigan in 1868. In 1872 a light was built on the end of the north pier to mark the entrance. In 1906 the original tower was replaced. In 1926 the 4th Order Fresnel was replaced by a 5th order. The 4th order lens was moved to the breakwater light. With the completion of the breakwater light a cable was laid to power the pierhead light. The keepers at the breakwater now took care of both lights.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
NORTH POINT (MILWAUKEE) LIGHT
Location: MILWAUKEE RIVER ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1855 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1888 Operational? No Automated? YES 1943 Deactivated: N/A 1994 Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: CAST IRON (1888)/STEEL (1912) Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE WITH RED ROOF Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1888
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HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1837 money was appropriated for a light to make the entrance to Milwaukee River. There were several delays due to controversy over both the location and getting the lantern and the lens. The light was finally lit in late 1838. In 1852 Congress approved funds for a new light at North Point that would replace the 1837 light that was thought to be in a poor location. In 1855 the original light was discontinued because the North Point light was built and the old light on the bluff overlooking the bay was torn down. In 1868 the lantern room was rebuilt. The lens was replaced with the same order. 1887 another new tower was built when erosion of the bluff in front of the 1855 tower threatened the structure. The gallery, lantern and lens from the previous light were used in the new tower. This new tower was first lit in 1888. In 1892 a park was established around the light station and over time trees began to obscure the light. As the city grew, lights from there also diminished the lights effectiveness. By 1907 the light was deemed ineffective and was decommissioned. There were objections by both mariners and city officials in Milwaukee. The light was re-lit as a private aide to navigation until its re-lighting was approved by Congress. In 1909 money was appropriated to raise the tower’s height. The work was finished in 1912. While this work was done the light was housed in a temporary tower. In 1929 the light was electrified. In 1943 the light was automated. In 1966 power was run to the breakwater light that was automated. In 1980 the lighthouse and keepers’ house were placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1994 the light was discontinued and the lens was removed. In 2002 the North Point Lighthouse Friends group was formed to work on preservation and restoration of the light station. 2003 the light was transferred to Milwaukee County. In 2004 the North Point Lighthouse Friends group was awarded a long term lease of the structure. In 2006 restoration of the tower was completed. In 2007 restoration of the keeper’s house was begun.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
OUTER ISLAND LIGHT
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Location: APOSTLE ISLANDS/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1874 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1874 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1961 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: BRICK W/ITALIANATE BRACKETING Tower Shape: CONICAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1874
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1871 money was appropriated for a light at the most northeastern point of the Apostle Islands. In 1874 a light was placed on Outer Island to (among other things) mark the turning point for vessels traveling to Ashland. It also marked the shoals of the Outer Island. In 1875 the fog building was moved to avoid further damage from the ice storms. In 1878 a second fog building was installed as a back up to the already existing fog building. In 1884 a tramway was built so supplies could be more easily transported to the fog building. A hoisting mechanism powered by steam was added in 1887. In 1900 the two fog buildings were combined and the equipment was refurbished. They were upgraded again in 1929. In 1961 the light was automated and the Fresnel lens was removed. In 1970 the light was added to the Apostle Island National Lake Shore Park. In 1975 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1987 money was appropriated to slow erosion that threatened the light. Work was postponed. In 2006 steps were taken to stem the erosion of the island as a vegetation crib was installed.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
PILOT ISLAND LIGHT
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U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
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Location: PORTE DES MORTS PASSAGE/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1858 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1873 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1962 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: BRICK Tower Shape: SQUARE Markings/Pattern: YELLOW WITH RED ROOF Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER FRESNEL
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1858 a light was built on Porte des Mortes Island. In 1864 a fog signal was installed. In 1875 a more powerful fog signal was installed to address complaints that the existing one was inadequate. In 1880 a backup signal was installed. In 1891 a dock and boathouse were added to the west side of the island to make landing easier and less dangerous. In 1962 the light was automated and the Fresnel lens was removed at either that time or a later date. In 1972 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1975 the Island was renamed Pilot Island. In 1980 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The buildings are maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources while the optic is maintained by the Coast Guard.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
PLUM ISLAND FRONT AND REAR RANGE LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1897 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1897 Operational? YES
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Automated? YES Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: IRON Tower Shape: SKELETAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL Range: 12 miles Characteristic:
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
This was the first light built to mark the dangerous Porte Des Morts Passage. It was first proposed in 1848, but mariners felt a light would be more useful on Pilot Island so a light was built there. In 1890 it was again proposed to build a light on Plum Island but approval did not come until 1893 and actual construction was not begun until 1896. It was completed in 1897. Both front and rear range lights were fixed red. The front light had a range of 8.5 miles while the rear light had a range of 13 miles. In 1939 the light station merged with the life saving station that had also been built on the island. In 1964 the front range light was removed and replaced with a skeletal tower. In 1969 the range lights were automated. In 1975 the fog signal was discontinued. In 1984 the rear range light was added to the National Register of Historic Places In 2000 the Keeper’s house was placed on the list of Wisconsin’s ten most endangered historic properties.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
PORT WASHINGTON BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1889 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1975
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Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: STEEL Tower Shape: SQUARE Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: Fourth Order Fresnel
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1934 funds were approved to build a light on one of the newly completed breakwaters that were built to protect Port Washington. The light began operation in 1935. It was automated in 1975. At some point the Fresnel lens was removed and replaced with a modern beacon.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
PORT WASHINGTON LIGHT (OLD)
Location: PORT WASHINGTON HARBOR Station Established: 1848 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1860 Operational? NO Automated? NO Deactivated: 1899 Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: BRICK Tower Shape: HOUSE WITHOUT TOWER Markings/Pattern: WHITE Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens:
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The first light built at Port Washington was a free standing cylindrical tower built in 1848.
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U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
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It was felt a larger structure was needed so a new light was authorized in 1860. The second lighthouse placed the lantern on top of the keeper’s house. In 1870 an artificial harbor was created at Port Washington. This was done by building two parallel piers that extended out into the lake. In 1903 with the placement of the pier light, this harbor light was discontinued. In 1934 the lantern and lens were removed from the building and it was altered to provide housing. In 1992 the building stopped being used to house Coast Guard personnel and was leased to Port Washington Historical Society. In 1998 ownership was permanently transferred to the City of Port Washington with oversight of the National Park Service. In 1999 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2000 the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg offered to build a replacement tower as a memorial to U.S. Servicemen who fought for the Grand Duchy in WWII. He had been on a visit in the area because of the large number of immigrants from Luxemburg that had settled in that area. The historical society raised money to prepare the building for the new tower. In 2001 the new tower was restored by Luxemburg craftsman as a gift from the Grand Duchy. It was dedicated in 2002.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
PORT WASHINGTON NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHT
Location: PORT WASHINGTON HARBOR Station Established: 1889 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1889 Operational? No Automated? No Deactivated: Yes 1935 Foundation Materials: Concrete pier Construction Materials: Wooden Tower Shape: Square Markings/Pattern: White Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER FRESNEL
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
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U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
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In 1889 the first Port Washington pierhead light was built on the end of the North pier. In 1903 this became the harbors main harbor light. In 1924 the light was electrified and automated. It was discontinued with the completion of the breakwater light in 1935.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
POTTAWATOMIE (ROCK ISLAND) LIGHT
Location: GREEN BAY ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1837 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1858 Operational? NO Automated? YES 1966 Deactivated: Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: LIMESTONE Tower Shape: SQUARE W/OUT LANTERN Markings/Pattern: NATURAL Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens:
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1834 money was allocated to build a light on this island to mark the Rock Island Passage which ran from Green Bay to Detroit. The light was first lit in 1837. In 1858 the tower and keepers house were condemned and a new light tower and keeper’s house were built. In 1964 the island became part of the State Park system. In 1966 the light was automated. In 1975 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1986 solar panels were installed to provide power. In 1988 the light was removed from the 1858 house and placed on a steel skeletal tower. In 1994 the Friends of Rock Island group was formed to help restore the historic structures on the Island.
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In 1999 the lantern was rebuilt on the 1858 structure. In 2004 the Friends group furnished the light with period furniture and open the structure to the public.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
RACINE BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: RACINE HARBOR ENTRANCE OFF LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1900 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: Operational? NO Automated? Unknown Deactivated: 1987 Foundation Materials: Breakwater Construction Materials: Iron and Steel Tower Shape: Inverted Funnel Markings/Pattern: Sheet Iron Relationship to Other Structure: Separate Original Lens: Sixth Order Fresnel
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1900 the breakwaters were finished at Racine harbor. A temporary light was placed on the end of the breakwater. In 1910 a more permanent light was placed on the outer end of the northern breakwater. This tower was replaced by 1930 when the light from the North Pier was moved to this location. In 1987 the light was discontinued. Because of public demands the light was moved to the Reef Point Marina Complex rather than be torn down.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
RACINE HARBOR LIGHT
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RACINE HARBOR ENTRANCE OFF LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1866 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1866 Operational? NO Automated? YES Deactivated: 1903 Foundation Materials: ORIG/ROCK FILLED TIMBER CRIB Construction Materials: WOOD Tower Shape: SQUARE Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER W/LANTERN REMOVED Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: Fifth Order Fresnel
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1866 the Racine Harbor Light was built on the eastern point of the north pier to guide mariners past the reefs and into the harbor. At this point the on-shore light (Root River Light) was discontinued and the lens moved to the new light. In 1869 the light suffered extensive damage when it was hit by a vessel. In 1870 a fourth order was installed. This light was deactivated when the new North Pierhead light was lit in 1902 or 1903. The lantern was removed and the dwelling was converted to housing. In 1939 the station was combined with the nearby life saving station. In 1975 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. At some point the light was sold and became part of the Pugh Marina.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
RACINE NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHT
Location: RACINE HARBOR ENTRANCE OFF LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1872 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1902 Operational? Yes (but moved) Automated? Yes Deactivated: No Foundation Materials: Wood (original tower) /Concrete crib Construction Materials: Wood (original tower)/Cast -Iron Tower Shape: square
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Markings/Pattern: White Relationship to Other Structure: Separate Original Lens: Possibly a sixth order Fresnel.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The first light was built here in 1872 and was a simple wooden structure. Each time the pier was extended the little wooden light would be moved to the end of the extension. In 1894 an experimental conduit system was built that was supposed to allow the keeper to maintain this beacon from the Racine Harbor light. The system did not work well and was abandoned in 1896. By 1900 it was decided a larger more durable light was needed so the wooden light was moved while a larger light was constructed. In 1902 the new light was activated along with a fog bell. The wooden light was deactivated. Sometime in the 1920s the light was moved to the breakwater.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
RACINE REEF LIGHT
RACINE REEF, Lake Michigan Station Established: 1899 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1961 Operational? Yes Automated? Yes 1954 Deactivated: 1961 Foundation Materials: Brick and concrete Construction Materials: brick and concrete\ current - steel Tower Shape: square Markings/Pattern: Relationship to Other Structure: integral Original Lens: Fourth Order
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
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Racine Reef Light was built in 1899 to warn of the Racine Reef when it was found the Wind Point light did not fully serve this purpose. Too many ships continued to sink here. This first was an unmanned light that was serviced by the Racine Harbor Keeper. This light proved inadequate so congress approved money for a better lighthouse in 1903. This new light was first lit in 1906 and contained a fourth order Fresnel lens. The old light was moved to the outer breakwater in Chicago. The light was automated in 1954. In 1961 the light was deemed obsolete and demolished and a skeletal tower was erected on the concrete pier. The lens was moved to the Racine County Historical Museum.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
RASPBERRY ISLAND LIGHT
Location: APOSTLE ISLANDS/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1863 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1863 Operational? NO Automated? YES 1947 Deactivated: 1957 Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: WOOD Tower Shape: SQUARE Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1863
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1859 Congress appropriated money for this light. Construction was completed in 1863 and the light was first lit. In 1869 a dock and stairs were installed up the cliff to the light. In 1890 the boat house stairs needed to be replaced. In 1902 a steam fog signal was installed along with a tramway to make off- loading supplies easier.
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In 1928 a diesel engine was installed to operate electric generators. In 1933 the fog signal was upgraded. In 1947 the light was automated. In 1952 the fog signal was discontinued and the Fresnel lens was replaced by a battery operated beacon mounted on a pole in front of the lighthouse. In 1957 the light was deactivated. The Park Service now looks after the building and grounds while the Coast Guard looks after the pole top beacon. In 1975 Raspberry Island Light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. For a period of time volunteer keepers lived at the light and gave tours to the public during certain times of the year. The house has been converted to a museum. In 2000 the light was added to the Lighthouse Digests Doomsday list because erosion threatened the structure. In 2002 the Park Service installed a seawall and a vegetative crib wall to stem the erosion. The work was completed in 2003. In 2006 extensive restoration work on the light station was performed for public tours beginning in 2007. The original Fresnel lens is on display at the Wisconsin State Historical Society Museum.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
RAWLEY POINT (TWIN RIVER POINT) LIGHT
Location: WEST SHORE LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1853 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1894 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1979 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: Construction Materials: CAST IRON Tower Shape: SKELETAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL
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HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The first markers for the dangerous shoals at Rawley point were a set of four pole lights. In 1853 a wooden lighthouse was built to replace the pole lights. In 1873 the wooden light was replaced because it had been poorly placed to warn ships off the shoals. It was replaced by a brick light tower and keepers house. In 1894 this light was replaced by yet a third light. The replacement had been displayed at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago and represented the newest technology of the time. It houses a third-order Fresnel lens. In 1920 the light was electrified. In 1952 the damaged Fresnel lens was replaced. In 1975 the light was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1979 the light was automated.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
ROOT RIVER LIGHT
Location: Root River, Racine Wisconsin Station Established: 1839 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1839 Operational? No Automated? No Deactivated: No Longer Standing Foundation Materials: Brick Construction Materials: Brick Tower Shape: Square Markings/Pattern: Whitewashed Relationship to Other Structure: Integral Original Lens: Argand lamp with 14 inch reflector.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1839 a light was built at the bank overlooking the mouth of the Root River. In 1858 the light was raised by 6 feet and became a fixed white light. A Fifth order Fresnel was installed. At some point it became powered by gas from the city of Racine.
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In 1866 the light was discontinued due to the new Racine Harbor light. In 1870 the house and lot were sold. In 1876 the lighthouse was demolished.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
SAND ISLAND LIGHT
Location: APOSTLE ISLANDS/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1881 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1881 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1921 Deactivated: 1933-1980 Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: SANDSTONE Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL Markings/Pattern: GOTHIC Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1881
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1881 this light was built on the northern tip of Sand Island. In 1886 some improvements were made on the crib and a boat house was constructed. In 1902 the cribs were replaced and a storage building was added to the station. A walkway was constructed from the dock to the bluff. In 1921 the light was automated. In 1933 the light was deactivated. In 1977 the light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. In 1981 the light was again lit. The light is open to the public as part of the Apostle Islands Park in the summer.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
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SHEBOYGAN PIERHEAD (BREAKWATER) LIGHT
Location: On southeast end of breakwater Station Established: 1915 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1915 Operational: Yes Automated: Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: Pier Construction Materials: Cast iron Tower Shape: Cylindrical Markings/Pattern: Red Height: 55 feet above water Characteristic: Flashing red Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL Fog Signal: Siren, 3-second blast
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The light located on the pier was moved there from another location in 1915. The lantern was removed but the tower remains on the pier serving as a daymark for the entrance to the harbor. There is also a fog signal present.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
SHERWOOD POINT LIGHT
Location: STURGEON BAY/GREEN BAY/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1883 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1883 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1983 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: BRICK
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Tower Shape: SQUARE Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED ROOF Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FIFTH ORDER, FRESNEL Range: 15 miles
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Congress appropriated funds for a lighthouse to mark the western entry into Sturgeon bay and the ship canal in 1881. By late 1883 the light was lit for the first time. In 1892 the light mechanism was replaced as it had on occasion proved unreliable. The apparatus from another lighthouse was installed along with a fourth order Fresnel lens. A fog signal was also installed. Sometime in the 1930 the light was electrified. In 1983 the light was automated.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
STURGEON BAY CANAL LIGHT
Location: STURGEON BAY CANAL/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1899 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1903 Operational? YES Automated? YES Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: STEEL/IRON Tower Shape: SKELETAL W/CONE Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: SEPARATE Original Lens: SECOND ORDER, FRESNEL
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Congress authorized construction of a light for the Sturgeon Bay canal in 1893 but construction was delayed until 1898.
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An experimental design was used on this light. The tower was a double walled steel cylinder that supported a watchroom and lantern. Construction was completed in 1899 but the structure vibrated so much that guy wires were attached in an attempt to stabilize it. In 1903 further attempts were made to stabilize the structure. An additional steel framework was built and took on the weight of the watchroom and lantern room. The light was automated in 1972. In 1980 the Sturgeon Bay Canal Light was added to the National Register of Historic Places. At some point the second order Fresnel lens was replaced by a third order lens.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
STURGEON BAY SHIP CANAL NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHT
Location: CANAL ENTRANCE/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1882 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1903 Operational? YES Automated? YES Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: CAST IRON Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL ON SQUARE HOUSE Markings/Pattern: RED Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: SIXTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1882
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1881 funds were provided by congress to build a lighthouse to mark the eastern entrance to the newly constructed Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal. Although the canal was a private venture, the government funded the lighthouse. In 1882 the light was built and first lit. In 1884 a steam fog building was added and an assistant keeper was hired. In 1886 a keeper’s house was built and a second fog signal building was constructed and an additional assistant keeper was hired. In 1893 the canal was purchased by the government.
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U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office
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In 1896 the lighthouse came under the care of the Lighthouse Board. In 1903 a new tower was built when a new breakwater was completed. The light was automated in 1972. At some point the sixth order Fresnel lens was replaced by a 300 mm airport beacon. In 2016 the lighthouse structure, cat walk and fog signal building was sold to a private party.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
SUPERIOR HARBOR ENTRY SOUTH BREAKWATER LIGHT
Location: WISCONSIN POINT/LAKE SUPERIOR Station Established: 1913 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1913 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1970 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER Construction Materials: CONCRETE Tower Shape: CYLINDRICAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1913 when this light was put into service, the old Wisconsin Point (Superior Entry) Lighthouse and fog building were discontinued. In 1937 the fog siren was replaced. In 1938 a radio beacon was added to the station. The light was automated in 1970. The Fresnel was replaced by a DCB aero beacon. The light is still active.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
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TAIL POINT LIGHT (LONG TAIL POINT (OLD) LIGHTHOUSE)
Location: TAIL POINT, WISCONSIN Station Established: 1847 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1847 Operational? No Automated? No Deactivated: 1859 Foundation Materials: Stone Construction Materials: Stone Tower Shape: 84 foot conical tower Markings/Pattern: Relationship to Other Structure: Independent. Original Lens: unknown – oil lamps
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Construction was completed and the light was first lit in 1848. In the 1850’s the light received a Fresnel lens and according to the Great Lakes Lighthouse Encyclopedia, the old lens was taken to the Fort Howard Museum. In 1859 the tower was surrounded by water and new tower was built to the north. The lantern and lens were transferred to the new tower. In 1870 the old tower was given away with the hopes that the tower would be torn down removing what was considered an eyesore. But the purchaser was unable to demolish the old tower. The old tower (minus the lantern) is still standing.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
TAIL POINT LIGHT (LONG TAIL POINT (SECOND) LIGHTHOUSE)
Location: TAIL POINT, WISCONSIN Station Established: 1859 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1859 Operational? No Automated? No
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Deactivated: 1899 Foundation Materials: Iron Piles Construction Materials: Wooden Frame House Tower Shape: 27 Foot Square Markings/Pattern: Relationship to Other Structure: Wooden dwelling with lantern on top Original Lens: Fresnel Range: 15 Miles
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Construction was completed and the second light was first lit in 1859 when it was feared the first light would be swallowed up by the waters of Lake Michigan. In 1899 the light was deactivated. A new channel had been dredged and the light was now too far from the shipping channel to be a useful for navigation. The light was transferred to a new offshore light built to mark the submerged tip of the peninsula. In 1929 the old house used as living quarter for the keeper’s of the new light was severely damaged. The keeper’s were removed from the old dwelling when the new light was automated 1936. The house was sold with the provision that it be removed from the site.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
TAIL POINT LIGHT (LONG TAIL POINT (Crib) LIGHTHOUSE)
Location: TAIL POINT, WISCONSIN Station Established: 1899 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1899 Operational? No Automated? No Deactivated: 1973 Foundation Materials: Wooden Crib with concrete pier Construction Materials: Tower Shape: Square Markings/Pattern: Relationship to Other Structure: 1 ½ story structure with lantern on top
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Original Lens: Fresnel Range: 15 Miles
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
In 1899 the second Long Tail Point Light was deactivated. A new channel had been dredged and the light was now too far from the shipping channel to be a useful for navigation. The light was transferred to the offshore crib light built to mark the submerged tip of the peninsula. A wooden crib was sunk and a concrete pier was built to support a square 1 ½ story frame structure. In 1929 the old house used as living quarter for the keeper’s of the new light was severely damaged. In 1936 the newest Long Tail Point (Crib) Lighthouse was automated and the keeper’s were removed from the old dwelling. The house was sold with the provision that it be removed from the site. In 1973 the structure was washed into the lake by a severe storm. It was replaced by a pole light mounted on the old foundation.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
TWO RIVERS LIGHT (TWO RIVERS NORTH PIERHEAD LIGHT)
Location: MOVED TO ROGERS STREET FISHING VILLAGE IN TWO RIVERS WISCONSIN Station Established: 1886 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1886 Operational? No Automated: Yes – date unknown. Deactivated: 1969 Foundation Materials: WOOD Construction Materials: WOOD Tower Shape: SQUARE 36 Foot Skeletal Tower. Markings/Pattern: RED W/WHITE LANTERN Relationship to Other Structure: None Original Lens: Sixth Order Fresnel lens
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
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The light was first established in 1883 and was located on the north pierhead in Two Rivers to mark the entrance to the protected harbor. It displayed a fixed red light and was connected to shore by a long walkway along the pier. This light was tended by the keeper of the Rawley Point Light. In 1928 the light underwent repairs and was electrified. Light was deactivated in 1969 and was replaced with an automated beacon. In 1988 the top 15 feet of the tower was moved to a wooden platform in the Rogers Street Fishing Village Museum. The light underwent extensive restoration and was opened as one of the museum’s attractions. The light is open for public tours from May thru October.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
WIND POINT LIGHT
Location: RACINE HARBOR/LAKE MICHIGAN Station Established: 1880 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1880 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1964 Deactivated: N/A Foundation Materials: STONE Construction Materials: BRICK Tower Shape: CONICAL Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/GREEN LANTERN & BASE, RED ROOF Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1880
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
The light was first lit in 1880 using a kerosene lamp and contained a third order Fresnel lens. In 1900 a fog signal was added to the station. In 1924 the light became the second in the state to be electrified and the Fresnel lens was replaced by a 24R airport beacon. In 1964 the light was automated. In 1984 the light was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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In 1997 the property was awarded to the Village of Wind Point by the National Park Service.
Researched and written by Anne Puppa, a volunteer through the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S. Lighthouse Society.
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