Karl Drais (1785–1851)

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Karl Drais (1785–1851) Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Auf den Spuren des Zweirad-Erfinders Drais-Route Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 Karl Drais (1785–1851) Von der Laufmaschine zum Laufrad Karl Drais and the Drais-Route - summary 2 Stadt Mannheim Collinistraße 1 Start 9 1 68161 Mannheim Karl Drais, geboren am Mit der Erfindung des Zweiradprinzips durch Karl Drais in Mann- Karl Drais, born 29.4.1785 in Karlsruhe, started a career as an inventor Ziel 3 10 29. April 1785 in Karlsruhe, heim beginnt die Geschichte des Fahrrades. Die Erfindung geht auf here in Mannheim, moved into his fathers home. Next to others, he did war zunächst Forstbeam- den Ernteausfall 1816 infolge eines Vulkanausbruchs in Indonesien invent a device to record piano music on paper, then a stenograph using ter in badischen Diensten, im Jahr 1815 zurück: Pferde mussten wegen Nahrungsmangel ge- 16 characters, two four-wheeled human powered vehicles and on top of wurde jedoch später bei schlachtet werden. Als Alternative zur Fortbewegung mit dem Pferd all, the two-wheeled velocipede. Fortzahlung seiner Be- erfand Karl Drais die Laufmaschine. züge vom aktiven Dienst Inventing his vehicles Drais took consequences of sequence of poor freigestellt und schlug harvests starting 1812. Finally a tremendous volcano eruption (Mount Technoseum 8 eine Erfinderlaufbahn ein. Tambora in Indonesia, April 1815) ejected so much ash into the Er gehört in die Reihe atmosphere that it did snow in Europe in summer 1816 and crops failed. der großen Mannhei mer Horses were slaughtered for lack of food even for the people. Erfinder – nahezu alle 4 seine bedeutenden Erfin- The velocipede therefore was a high potential alternative to horse- dungen machte er in der based traffic. Thursday, June 12th 1817 did see his legend first ride Quadratestadt: Karl Drais from the centre of Mannheim towards Schwetzingen using Baden’s ent wickelte unter anderem einen Klavier-Rekorder auf Papierband, best road. After little less than 5 miles (half the distance), he turned die erste Schreibmaschine mit Ta statur und eine Stenoma schine auf at the “Schwetzinger Relaishaus” (a post-house built 1750, in today Lochstreifen. Mannheim’s suburb Rheinau) and headed home. The round trip took him only about an hour. 7 Seine bedeutenste Erfindung war jedoch die zweirädrige Laufma- schine, die Basisinnovation für Fahrrad, Motorrad und Automobil. Roads were so rutted by carriages that it was very inconvenient to Mit diesem Gefährt unternahm er am 12. Juni 1817 eine Fahrt von Sie war als einspuriges Zweirad das erste mechanische Individual- balance for long. Velocipede riders took the plains sidewalks and, no seinem Wohnhaus in der Nähe des Mannheimer Schlosses zum verkehrsmittel. Der Fahrer saß zwischen den Rädern und stieß sich need to say, moved far too quick, endangering the life and limb of damaligen Schwetzinger Relaishaus im heutigen Stadtteil Rheinau. mit den Füßen am Boden ab. Die Laufmaschine war mit dem Vorder- pedestrians. In consequence, authorities in Germany, Great Britain, the rad lenkbar, wodurch das fahrende Zweirad auch ohne Kontakt der USA and even in Calcutta did ban the use of velocipedes, which ended Karl Drais benutzte für seine Ausfahrt die beste Straße in ganz Füße zum Boden im Gleichgewicht gehalten werden konnte. Drais it’s vogue for decades. Drais was a fervent democrat, supported the Baden – eine vom kurfürstlichen Residenzschloss in die Schwetzin- nutzte die Entdeckung, dass durch die Verringerung der Räderzahl wave of revolutions that swept Europe in 1848, dropping his aristrocatic ger Sommerresidenz führende durchweg befestigte Chaussee. Das der Rollwiderstand vermindert werden kann, während zugleich die title in 1849. Relaishaus lag auf halber Strecke zwischen Mannheim und Schwet- Kreiselkräfte die Lage des Zweirades stabilisierten. Allerdings muss- zingen. Drais benötigte für die etwa 7 km lange Strecke inklusive te das ungewohnte Balancieren im Zusammenspiel von Laufen und After the revolution in Baden had collapsed, Drais became mobbed and Rückweg nur eine knappe Stunde. Er erreichte damit auf seiner aus Lenken erst erlernt werden. ruined by royalists. His pension was confiscated by the Prussian troops. Holz gebauten und nur circa 22 Kilogramm wiegenden Laufmaschi- Karl Drais died penniless on December 10th, 1851 in Karlsruhe. ne eine Durchschnittsgeschwindigkeit von ca. 15 km/h. Die Laufmaschine zum Erlernen der motorischen Grundfertigkeit 5 des Balancierens wurde erst Anfang dieses neuen Jahrtausends The Drais-Bicycle-Route here described ends in the suburb called Als überzeugter Demokrat war Drais vielen Anfeindungen ausge- wieder entdeckt. Da Stützräder für die Lernphase mittlerweile als Rheinau, which is famous for the route of the first bicycle ride in 1817. setzt. Nach einem Mordanschlag zog er sich 1839–1845 nach Wald- hemmend angesehen werden feiert die Drais´sche Erfindung als The route stops at ten points of interest as well as current sights of the katzenbach im Odenwald zurück. 1849 legte er seinen Adelstitel Kinderlaufrad eine Renaissance. city of Mannheim. Enjoy the ride – the pictogram “Drais-Route” will ab. Er starb in bescheidenen Verhältnissen am 10. Dezember 1851 in guide your way to the memorial, as close as possible to the historic Karlsruhe, nachdem die preussischen Besatzer seine Erfinderpensi- Kurz nach der Erfindung durch Drais wurden in England die ersten, track. on restlos beschlagnahmt hatten. teilweise eisernen Laufmaschinen oder Velozipede gebaut, die sich den Spitznamen „hobby horse“ (Steckenpferd) erwarben. Bereits 1819 gab es in Ipswich erste Rennen. 6 Verlauf Drais-Route Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Drais-Route Drais-Route Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 2 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 2 Stadt Mannheim Stadt Mannheim Collinistraße 1 Start 9 Collinistraße 1 68161 Mannheim Start 9 1 68161 Mannheim 1 Ziel Ziel 3 10 3 10 Technoseum Technoseum 8 8 Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Drais-Route 4 4 Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 2 Stadt Mannheim Collinistraße 1 Start 9 1 68161 Mannheim Ziel 3 10 7 7 Technoseum 8 4 Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Drais-Route Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Drais-Route Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15Drais-Route 000 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim Drais-Route 2 Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 Stadt Mannheim Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 Stationen & Sehenswürdigkeiten entlang der Mannheimer Drais-Route Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 2 Collinistraße 1 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 Drais-Route Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 000 Start 9 1 2 68161 Mannheim Stadt Mannheim Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 Ziel 2 Stadt Mannheim Collinistraße 1 Start 9 3 10 1 Collinistraße 1 Karten-Maßstab: 1 : 15 00068161 Mannheim Stadt Mannheim Start 9 68161 Mannheim Collinistraße 1 1 Ziel 9 Druck-Maßstab (ca.): 1 : 15 300 10 7 Start 68161 Mannheim 2 Ziel3 5 1 3 5 10 Ziel Stadt Mannheim 3 10 Collinistraße 1 Start 9 1 68161 Mannheim 1 Mannheimer Schloss 3 Schlossgarten Ziel 5 Casterfeldstraße 7 SAP ARENA – über das Balancieren 9 Wasserturm 10 Das Schloss ist mit einer Länge von 440 Meter das größte Barock-3 Zu Lebzeiten von Karl Drais erstreckte sich zwischen Schloss und Im Jahr 1838 plante Karl Drais auf Anregung des Mannheimer Stadt- Die bis zu 15 000 Zuschauer fassende SAP ARENA ist eine der mo- Zur Bauzeit des monumentalen Wasserspeichers 1886 bis 1889 hat- schloss Deutschlands. Im Westflügel befand sich das Oberhofge- Rhein eine romantisch angelegte Parklandschaft. Hier war das Refu- rates Moll die Gründung einer Aktiengesellschaft zur Verwertung dernsten Multifunktions-Arenen Europas. Sie ist die Heimspielstätte ten Hochrad und Kurbelfahrrad die Laufmaschine längst verdrängt. richt, dem der Vater von Karl Drais als Präsident vorstand. Im Jahr gium der Draisinen-Reiter. Da die Fahrbahnen von den Fuhrwerken seiner Erfindungen. Die politischen Feinde von Drais lancierten da- des deutschen Eishockey-Rekordmeisters – der Mannheimer Adler. An der Stelle des heutigen Mannheimer Wahrzeichens befand sich 1820 bestätigte er das Todesurteil gegen den Studenten Karl Ludwig zerfurcht und für die Fahrt mit der Laufmaschine schlecht geeignet rauf anonyme Zeitungsanzeigen und das Projekt scheiterte. Im Jahr Eissport und Schlittschuhlaufen waren zu Drais‘ Lebzeiten noch zu Zeiten von Karl Drais der Richtplatz. Hier wurde der Student Sand. Der von Freiheitsliebe getriebene Burschenschaftler hatte am waren, wichen die Draisinen-Reiter auf die glatteren Gehwege aus 1896 wurde im Stadtteil Waldhof die „Drais Fahrradwerke GmbH“ nahezu unbekannt. Die motorische Grundfähigkeit des Balancierens Karl Sand für den Mord an Kotzebue am 20. Mai 1820 enthauptet. Fahrradwegweisung Mannheim 23. März 1819 den Freiheitskritiker August von Kotzebue ermordet. – waren dort aber viel zu schnell. So wurde in Mannheim schon im wurde für einen Großteil der damaligen Bevölkerung erst mit der Sand genoss große Sympathien bei Studenten und Bevölkerung. In gegründet. Der Firmenname war eine Referenz an den längst Radfahren auf den Spuren Das Attentat gilt als Auslöser für die bis 1848 gültigen „Karlsbader Dezember 1817 die Laufmaschine auf den Bürgersteigen verboten. verstorbenen Erfinder. Die Draiswerke Mannheim gingen 2004 in Verbreitung des Rollschuhlaufens zwischen 1860 und 1865 zu einer Folge seiner Hinrichtung wurde der Richtplatz zu einer Pilgerstätte Drais-Route Beschlüsse“, mit denen die Obrigkeit die liberale und nationale
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