DOCSLIB.ORG

AMERICANS and SOVIETS AFTER the BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION by DAVID E. GREENSTEIN DISSERTATION Submitted in Partia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AMERICANS and SOVIETS AFTER the BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION by DAVID E. GREENSTEIN DISSERTATION Submitted in Partia BETWEEN TWO WORLDS: AMERICANS AND SOVIETS AFTER THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION BY DAVID E. GREENSTEIN DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Kristin Hoganson, Chair Professor Diane Koenker Associate Professor Emeritus Mark Leff Associate Professor Kathryn Oberdeck Professor Frank Costigliola, University of Connecticut ii Abstract This dissertation investigates the ways that migration and the ongoing legacies of imperialism shaped the United States’ engagement with the world in the early twentieth century. It focuses on interaction between Americans and Russian Soviets during an era marked by both multidirectional migration and the increasing deployment of American power abroad. In the decade after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, Americans attempted to transform Russia through military occupation, humanitarian work, and the spread of cultural and industrial products. Between Two Worlds shows that such ventures were not unilateral extensions of American values and interests. Russian émigrés, workers, and refugees substantially affected American programs and even core questions about the United States’ role in the world and what it meant to be an American. This research also shows that rather than precursors to the cold war, American approaches to Russia were part of the history of early twentieth century imperialism. Chapters trace these interactions through a series of case studies. A chapter on economic connections engages histories of international business, labor, and migration during Ford Motor Company’s Russian operations. A study on cultural interaction examines the circulation of filmmaking techniques and sentimental narratives in the Russian and American motion picture industries. Solders’ on-the-ground encounters in the context of overlapping U.S. and Russian development projects are the focus of a chapter on the Allied military occupation of North Russia. A chapter on humanitarian intervention explores American famine relief projects in Soviet Russia and the pathways they opened and foreclosed for migrants. An epilogue follows the circumnavigation of a group of refugees and aid workers through outposts of U.S. empire. Highlighting movement and multidirectional interaction, these histories challenge pervasive narratives about Americans and Russians as nationally, ideologically, and culturally divergent. iii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION – AMERICAN EMPIRE, MIGRATION, AND BOLSHEVIK RUSSIA …...1 CHAPTER 1 – ASSEMBLING FORDIZM: THE PRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES, AMERICANS, AND BOLSHEVIKS IN DETROIT AND EARLY SOVIET RUSSIA ………34 CHAPTER 2 – WHEN BOLSHEVISM WAS A LOVE STORY: EMPIRE, ATTRACTION, AND CONNECTION IN AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN SILENT FILM…...77 CHAPTER 3 – “A MAN’S SIZE JOB:” IMPERIALISM, EMBODIMENT, AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE AMERICAN MILITARY INTERVENTION IN NORTH RUSSIA ….…………………………………………………………………………..145 CHAPTER 4 – BORDERS OF RELIEF: REPATRIATION, REFUGEE MIGRATION, AND AMERICAN HUMANITARIAN WORK IN AND OUT OF THE RUSSIAN FAMINE OF 1921 …………………………………………………………………….……….216 EPILOGUE – “HOME BY AMERICA:” THE PETROGRAD CHILDREN’S COLONY AND THE PATHWAYS OF AMERICAN EMPIRE……….……………………..271 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………294 1 Introduction – American Empire, Migration, and Bolshevik Russia In 1919 a Russian peasant named Ivan with arms the length of the Neva River, heels as wide as the Caspian steppes, and 150,000,000 heads – one for each of his countrymen – waded across the Atlantic Ocean to fight hand-to-hand against a gigantic Woodrow Wilson whose top hat was the size of the Eiffel Tower. Their clash erased countries; some ran to Ivan with out- stretched hands, others headlong to Wilson, but no middle ground was left, and everything turned crimson red or whiter and whiter white. The shattering confrontation between the head of capitalist America and the Russian people, imagined by Soviet futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky, presaged many visions of a bipolar conflict between two giants that would later come to dominate understandings of the relationship between Soviet Russia and the United States.1 But were Soviet Russia and the United States fundamentally at odds as Mayakovsky imagined, destined to face off in an epic battle that would wash across and divide the entire world? The poet’s actual journey across the Atlantic to visit the United States five years later suggested a different narrative about the way that Americans and Russians interacted and pointed to different pathways of connection. Unlike Ivan, Mayakovsky could not walk right up to Chicago. Because his Soviet citizenship made it difficult for him to obtain a visa to enter the United States, he traveled a circuitous route that included stops in Havana, Cuba, and Vera Cruz, Mexico, before crossing the border into Laredo, Texas. Mayakovsky met with workers in Detroit and Chicago. In New York, Russian émigrés of various stripes were particularly keen to meet him. For his own part, Mayakovsky saw the United States not as an inevitable foe of Soviet 1 Vladimir Mayakovsky, “150,000,000,” Polnoe sobranie sochinennii (Moscow: Gos. izd. Khudozhestvennoi literatury, 1958); Patricia Blake, ed The Bedbug and Selected Poetry Max Hayward and George Reavey, trans. (New York: Meridian Books, 1960), 31; Edward James Brown, Russian Literature Since the Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982), 33-34; Michael Almereyda, ed. Night Wraps the Sky: Writings by and about Mayakovsky (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008), 151-158. 2 Russia but rather in some ways analogous to Russia’s past and in others to its potential future. While American workers lagged behind Soviets in generating revolutionary activity, Mayakovsky, like many Soviets, saw American technology and industry as models that would be used in the development of a new socialist world. Noting that American advancements had been achieved on the backs of workers, the poet also explained the present state of the country as a product of the way the United States interacted with the world, arguing that “the United States established the right to call itself ‘America’ by force, by means of dreadnoughts and dollars, putting fear into neighboring republics and colonies.” A poem he wrote during his visit imagined a future geologist reconstructing the America Mayakovsky saw from the Brooklyn Bridge: “He will say: ‘So this is the paw of steel that united the seas with the prairies, and it’s from here Europe strained to the West, having scattered Indian feathers to the winds.”2 Mayakovsky’s impressions during his visit to the United States provide more useful avenues for understanding engagement between Americans and Russian Soviets then an epic battle. The journey took him through Russian migrant communities, sites marked by the legacy of American imperialism, and centers of American technology, industry, and culture. His travel account suggested many possible paths for how Russians and Americans might relate to each other. Taking this variety of potential paths as a starting point, Between Two Worlds examines interaction between Americans and Russian Soviets during an era marked by both multidirectional migration and the increasing deployment of American power abroad. In the decade after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, Americans attempted to transform Russia through armed occupation, humanitarian work, and the spread of industrial and cultural products like those that Mayakovsky had admired on his trip. Although scholars have emphasized such 2 Vladimir Mayakovsky, My Discovery of America and “Brooklyn Bridge,” trans. Neil Cornwell, (London: Hesperus Press, [1926] 2005), 73, 126. 3 ventures as part of the expanding reach of American efforts to shape places around the world,3 this dissertation demonstrates that these were not one-way projections of American power. Russians including émigrés, workers, and refugees substantially affected American programs and even core questions about the United States’ role in the world and what it meant to be an American. Migrants like the Russian-Americans Mayakovsky met in New York and Detroit were not just the objects of humanitarian aid or the fuel for manufacturing projects; they were central in producing and challenging these endeavors. This dissertation also argues that rather than precursors to an epic cold war conflict, American approaches to Soviet Russia were part of the history of American imperialism. Echoing Mayakovsky’s poetic recognition that the “paw of steel” reaching across the North American continent had done so “having scattered Indian feathers to the wind,” I trace the ways that American efforts to shape Russia relied on narrative and material legacies drawn from prior and ongoing imperialism in the American West and overseas. Many Americans felt that the kinds of relationships that Mayakovsky noted had created “‘America’ by force” in its late nineteenth and early twentieth century interactions with “neighboring republics and colonies,” might be extended to places like Russia. They proposed that the mix of violence, benevolent uplift, and economic and cultural advancement that had aimed at shaping populations in and around the United States could also be used to direct Russia’s future. These focuses on migration and imperial visions to transform Russia offer a history of connection that departs from cold war narratives that describe Americans
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Procesos De Mercado Número 27
    REVIEW OF WALL STREET AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION1 BY ANTONY C. SUTTON (CLAIRVIEW BOOKS, UK 2011, 232 PAGES) CHRISTIAN RIPPEL One barrier to mature understanding of recent history is the notion that all capitalists are the bitter and unswerving enemies of all Marxists and socialists. This erroneous idea originated with Karl Marx and was undoubtedly useful to his purposes. In fact, the idea is nonsense. There has been a continuing, albeit concealed, alliance between international political capitalists and international revolu- tionary socialists —to their mutual benefit. (Sutton 2011, p .17) The open-minded reader should bear two clues in mind: monopo- ly capitalists are the bitter enemies of laissez-faire entrepreneurs; and, given the weaknesses of socialist central planning, the totali- tarian socialist state is a perfect captive market for monopoly capi- talists, if an alliance can be made with the socialist powerbrokers. (Sutton 2011, p.17) I ABOUT ANTONY SUTTON Antony Sutton (1925–2002) was a British-American scholar in the libertarian tradition and professor of economics and history at Cal- ifornia State University as well as research fellow at Stanford Uni- 1 The page references of Sutton 2011 refer to the publication of the book Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution in 2011 by Clairview (218 Pages). Procesos de Mercado: Revista Europea de Economía Política Vol. XIV, n.º 1, Primavera 2017, pp. 639 a 660. 640 CHRISTIAN RIPPEL versity’s Hoover Institution. He was educated at the universities of London, Göttingen and California. Among his interesting and investigative works are the trilogies of the involvement of Wall Street in the rise of the Bolsheviks, the Nazis and Franklin D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Purpose of My Talk Today Is to Share the Results of My Research On
    The NEP Era: Soviet Russia 1921-1928, 2 (2008), 61-80. ELIZABETH A. HARRY (St. Paul, MN, USA) PETITIONERS AND THEIR DISCONTENTS: THE LOST GENERATION OF THE 1920s The history written on the early years of the Soviet Union has changed fo- cus in the past few decades. Instead of concentrating on high politics and the struggle for succession to the leadership of the Communist Party, scholars in the West have increasingly addressed the everyday life of average citizens, how they viewed and shaped the communist experiment, and how Soviet leaders responded to and attempted to mold popular views.1 Postcommunist studies concentrating on party politics and Soviet society at the grassroots level have shown that in the formative years of the Soviet Union, the division between leaders and led was less pronounced than had previously been as- 1. One line of revisionist historiography on the Soviet Union idealizes the NEP period and is based not merely in the desire to reveal Russia’s lost chances (see Robert Tucker’s summation of a conference of Russian and American scholars held in Moscow in 1989 which focused on “[t]he question of alternativnost’, the possible 1920s alternatives to the course history actually took in the 1930s” [“Soviet History in the 1920s,” Slavic Review 50, no. 2 (summer 1991): 239-40]), but also in a traditional conception of how history happens. Traditional interpretations see the politi- cal, economic, and social transformation of the Soviet Union that began in the late 1920s as a revolution from above (an assertion made by Stalin himself).
    [Show full text]
  • Zhenotdel, Russian Women and the Communist Party, 1919-1930
    RED ‘TEASPOONS OF CHARITY’: ZHENOTDEL, RUSSIAN WOMEN AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY, 1919-1930 by Michelle Jane Patterson A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Michelle Jane Patterson 2011 Abstract “Red ‘Teaspoons of Charity’: Zhenotdel, the Communist Party and Russian Women, 1919-1930” Doctorate of Philosophy, 2011 Michelle Jane Patterson Department of History, University of Toronto After the Bolshevik assumption of power in 1917, the arguably much more difficult task of creating a revolutionary society began. In 1919, to ensure Russian women supported the Communist party, the Zhenotdel, or women’s department, was established. Its aim was propagating the Communist party’s message through local branches attached to party committees at every level of the hierarchy. This dissertation is an analysis of the Communist party’s Zhenotdel in Petrograd/ Leningrad during the 1920s. Most Western Zhenotdel histories were written in the pre-archival era, and this is the first study to extensively utilize material in the former Leningrad party archive, TsGAIPD SPb. Both the quality and quantity of Zhenotdel fonds is superior at St.Peterburg’s TsGAIPD SPb than Moscow’s RGASPI. While most scholars have used Moscow-centric journals like Kommunistka, Krest’ianka and Rabotnitsa, this study has thoroughly utilized the Leningrad Zhenotdel journal Rabotnitsa i krest’ianka and a rich and extensive collection of Zhenotdel questionnaires. Women’s speeches from Zhenotdel conferences, as well as factory and field reports, have also been folded into the dissertation’s five chapters on: organizational issues, the unemployed, housewives and prostitutes, peasants, and workers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Survival of American Silent Feature Films: 1912–1929 by David Pierce September 2013
    The Survival of American Silent Feature Films: 1912–1929 by David Pierce September 2013 COUNCIL ON LIBRARY AND INFORMATION RESOURCES AND THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS The Survival of American Silent Feature Films: 1912–1929 by David Pierce September 2013 Mr. Pierce has also created a da tabase of location information on the archival film holdings identified in the course of his research. See www.loc.gov/film. Commissioned for and sponsored by the National Film Preservation Board Council on Library and Information Resources and The Library of Congress Washington, D.C. The National Film Preservation Board The National Film Preservation Board was established at the Library of Congress by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, and most recently reauthorized by the U.S. Congress in 2008. Among the provisions of the law is a mandate to “undertake studies and investigations of film preservation activities as needed, including the efficacy of new technologies, and recommend solutions to- im prove these practices.” More information about the National Film Preservation Board can be found at http://www.loc.gov/film/. ISBN 978-1-932326-39-0 CLIR Publication No. 158 Copublished by: Council on Library and Information Resources The Library of Congress 1707 L Street NW, Suite 650 and 101 Independence Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20036 Washington, DC 20540 Web site at http://www.clir.org Web site at http://www.loc.gov Additional copies are available for $30 each. Orders may be placed through CLIR’s Web site. This publication is also available online at no charge at http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub158.
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda Kapitalizma in Komunizma V Ameriški in Sovjetski Kinematografiji
    UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Klavdija Tratnik Propaganda kapitalizma in komunizma v ameriški in sovjetski kinematografiji Magistrsko delo Ljubljana, 2016 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FAKULTETA ZA DRUŽBENE VEDE Klavdija Tratnik Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Gregor Tomc Propaganda kapitalizma in komunizma v ameriški in sovjetski kinematografiji Magistrsko delo Ljubljana, 2016 Zahvala Zahvaljujem se mentorju izr. prof. dr. Gregorju Tomcu za pomoč in nasvete pri pisanju dela in red. prof. dr. Bogomilu Ferfili za potrpežljivost in podporo. Zlasti pa hvala družini, predvsem sinu Sebastianu, za vso pomoč in spodbudo v preteklih letih. Propaganda kapitalizma in komunizma v ameriški in sovjetski kinematografiji Magistrska naloga se loteva problema prikazovanja ideoloških programov dveh največjih političnih velesil 20. stoletja. Tako Združene države Amerike (ZDA) kot Zveza sovjetskih socialističnih republik (ZSSR) so oblikovale državno podprte propagandne aparate, ki so proizvajali integracijsko in agitacijsko filmsko gradivo za legitimacijo svojih političnih interesov. Filmska industrija obeh federacij je bila od samega začetka razvoja filmskega medija zaradi pogojev produkcijske infrastrukture neposredno ali posredno odvisna od vladnih organizacij. V delu podajamo primerjalno analizo razvoja obeh političnih sistemov z vidika njunih kinematografskih dejavnosti, da bi osvetlili delovanje mehanizmov za reprodukcijo političnih ideologij v dobi množičnih medijev. Filmski medij je bil eno izmed osrednjih prizorišč glavnega političnega konflikta prejšnjega stoletja, na katerem so se prikazovali interesi ene in druge velesile. V liberalnem političnem okviru ameriškega prostega trga so tendenciozne filmske vsebine določale organizacije, kot so CIA, FBI, OWI, MPAA, HUAC in USIS, medtem ko je centralizirano sovjetsko gospodarstvo dajalo direktive prek državnih aparatov, kot so GOSPLAN, VSNKh, NARKOMPROS, SOIUSZKINO, in društev, kot sta VOKS ali SSOD.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkcell the Digital Operator
    Turkcell the Digital Operator Turkcell Annual Report 2018 About Turkcell Turkcell is a digital operator headquartered in Turkey, serving its customers with its unique portfolio of digital services along with voice, messaging, data and IPTV services on its mobile and fixed networks. Turkcell Group companies operate in 5 countries – Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Northern Cyprus, Germany. Turkcell launched LTE services in its home country on April 1st, 2016, employing LTE-Advanced and 3 carrier aggregation technologies in 81 cities. Turkcell offers up to 10 Gbps fiber internet speed with its FTTH services. Turkcell Group reported TRY 21.3 billion revenue in FY18 with total assets of TRY 42.8 billion as of December 31, 2018. It has been listed on the NYSE and the BIST since July 2000, and is the only NYSE-listed company in Turkey. Read more at www.turkcell.com.tr/english-support All financial results in this annual report are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and expressed in Turkish Lira (TRY or TL) unless otherwise stated. TABLE OF CONTENTS TRY Turkcell Group 16 Chairman’s Message 21.3 20 Board of Directors 22 Message from the CEO billion 26 Executive Officers 28 Top Management of Subsidiaries REVENUES 30 Turkcell Group 31 Our Vision, Target, Strategy and Approach 32 2018 at a Glance 34 2018 Highlights 36 The World’s 1st Digital Operator Brand: Lifecell 37 Turkcell’s Digital Services 2018 Operations 38 Exemplary Digital Operator 40 Our Superior Technology 41.3% 46 Our Consumer Business EBITDA 52 Our
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-German Sentiment in the Midwest in World War I
    Anti-German Sentiment in the Midwest During World War I The Effects of Anti-German Sentiment on the German Language and Culture Author: Isabel Steenbergen Student Number: 4353641 Institution: Radboud University Nijmegen Field of Studies: American Studies Date of Delivery: 15-06-2016 Supervisor: Dr. J. van den Berk Second Reader: Dr. F. Mehring Steenbergen s4353641/1 ENGELSE TAAL EN CULTUUR Teacher who will receive this document: J. van den Berk Title of document: Anti-German Sentiment in the Midwest During World War I Name of course: Bachelor Thesis Date of submission: 15-06-2016 The work submitted here is the sole responsibility of the undersigned, who has neither committed plagiarism nor colluded in its production. Signed Name of student: Isabel Steenbergen Student number: 4353641 Steenbergen s4353641/2 Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Keywords ........................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 Chapter One: History of German Immigrants in the US and the Midwest .............................. 11 Chapter Two: Anti-German Sentiment in the Midwest: Policies and Propaganda .................. 17 Chapter Three: The Disappearance of the German Language and Culture from the Midwest as a Result
    [Show full text]
  • Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001
    Technical Report 02-5 July 2002 Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 Katherine L. Herbig Martin F. Wiskoff TRW Systems Released by James A. Riedel Director Defense Personnel Security Research Center 99 Pacific Street, Building 455-E Monterey, CA 93940-2497 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704- 0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DDMMYYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) July 2002 Technical 1947 - 2001 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens 1947-2001 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Katherine L. Herbig, Ph.D. Martin F. Wiskoff, Ph.D. 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Anniversary Meetings H S S Chicago 1924 December 27-28-29-30 1984
    AHA Anniversary Meetings H S S 1884 Chicago 1924 1984 December 27-28-29-30 1984 r. I J -- The United Statei Hotel, Saratop Spring. Founding ike of the American Histoncal Anociation AMERICA JjSTORY AND LIFE HjcItl An invaluable resource for I1.RJC 11’, Sfl ‘. “J ) U the professional 1< lUCEBt5,y and I for the I student • It helps /thej beginning researcher.., by puttmq basic information at his or her fingertips, and it helps the mature scholar to he sttre he or she hasn ‘t missed anything.” Wilbur R. Jacobs Department of History University of California, Santa Barbara students tote /itj The indexing is so thorough they can tell what an article is about before they even took up the abstract Kristi Greenfield ReferencelHistory Librarian University of Washington, Seattle an incomparable way of viewing the results of publication by the experts.” Aubrey C. Land Department of History University of Georgia, Athens AMERICA: HISTORY AND LIFE is a basic resource that belongs on your library shelves. Write for a complimentary sample copy and price quotation. ‘ ABC-Clio Information Services ABC Riviera Park, Box 4397 /,\ Santa Barbara, CA 93103 CLIO SAN:301-5467 AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Ninety-Ninth Annual Meeting A I { A HISTORY OF SCIENCE SOCIETY Sixtieth Annual Meeting December 27—30, 1984 CHICAGO Pho1tg aph qf t/u’ Umted States Hotel are can the caller turn of (a urge S. B airier, phato a1bher Saratoga Sprzng, V) 1 ARTHUR S. LINK GEORGE H. DAVIS PROFESSOR Of AMERICAN HISTORY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 4t)f) A Street SE, Washington, DC 20003 1984 OFfICERS President: ARTHUR S.
    [Show full text]
  • Esports Marketer's Training Mode
    ESPORTS MARKETER’S TRAINING MODE Understand the landscape Know the big names Find a place for your brand INTRODUCTION The esports scene is a marketer’s dream. Esports is a young industry, giving brands tons of opportunities to carve out a TABLE OF CONTENTS unique position. Esports fans are a tech-savvy demographic: young cord-cutters with lots of disposable income and high brand loyalty. Esports’ skyrocketing popularity means that an investment today can turn seri- 03 28 ous dividends by next month, much less next year. Landscapes Definitions Games Demographics Those strengths, however, are balanced by risk. Esports is a young industry, making it hard to navigate. Esports fans are a tech-savvy demographic: keyed in to the “tricks” brands use to sway them. 09 32 Streamers Conclusion Esports’ skyrocketing popularity is unstable, and a new Fortnite could be right Streamers around the corner. Channels Marketing Opportunities These complications make esports marketing look like a high-risk, high-reward proposition. But it doesn’t have to be. CHARGE is here to help you understand and navigate this young industry. Which games are the safest bets? Should you focus on live 18 Competitions events or streaming? What is casting, even? Competitions Teams Keep reading. Sponsors Marketing Opportunities 2 LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE: GAMES To begin to understand esports, the tra- game Fortnite and first-person shooter Those gains are impressive, but all signs ditional sports industry is a great place game Call of Duty view themselves very point to the fact that esports will enjoy even to start. The sports industry covers a differently.
    [Show full text]
  • Mémoires Du Goulag Déportés Politiques Européens En URSS
    Mémoires du goulag Déportés politiques européens en URSS Sous la direction d'Anne-Marie Pailhès Présentation Cet ouvrage est le fruit d’une journée d’études « Mémoires du Goulag – Déportés politiques européens en URSS », organisée en novembre 2003 par le Centre de recherches sur le monde germanique de l’Université Paris X. Le projet de cette journée est né de ma rencontre avec Walter Ruge, un survivant communiste allemand du goulag né en 1915, dont le récit de vie, inédit en Allemagne, paraît en 2004 à Paris1. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, la perestroïka puis la fin de l’URSS ont permis l’ouverture d’archives qui éclairent un aspect fondamental de l’histoire européenne du XXe siècle : la persécution et la déportation d’exilés européens en URSS depuis les années 1930. Grâce à l’intervention d’historiens et de spécialistes de la littérature, français et étrangers, cette publication propose un bilan actuel sur les conflits de mémoire autour du goulag dans les pays européens. Les mémoires plurielles du goulag sont ici analysées à la lumière de nouveaux dépouillements d’archives comme de témoignages différés qui continuent d’être publiés dans de nombreux pays à l’heure actuelle. En France, cinquante ans après la mort de Staline, deux publications ont particulièrement attiré l’attention : d’une part la traduction de l’œuvre intégrale de Chalamov en français, d’autre part la parution du livre de photographies du Polonais Janusz Kizny. Mais si l’URSS puis la Russie continuent d’être, à juste titre, au cœur des débats et des bilans concernant le goulag, peu de recherches se sont intéressées aux ramifications nationales des conflits de mémoires autour de cette expérience.
    [Show full text]
  • De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity
    UCLA Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review Title Los Confundidos: De-Conflating Latinos/As' Race and Ethnicity Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9nx2r4pj Journal Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review, 19(1) ISSN 1061-8899 Author Sandrino-Glasser, Gloria Publication Date 1998 DOI 10.5070/C7191021085 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California LOS CONFUNDIDOS: DE-CONFLATING LATINOS/AS' RACE AND ETHNICITY GLORIA SANDRmNO-GLASSERt INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................71 I. LATINOS: A DEMOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT ..............................................75 A. Latinos: Dispelling the Legacy of Homogenization ....................75 B. Los Confundidos: Who are We? (Qui6n Somos?) ...................77 1. Mexican-Americans: The Native Sons and D aughters .......................................................................77 2. Mainland Puerto Ricans: The Undecided ..............................81 3. Cuban-Americans: Last to Come, Most to Gain .....................85 II. THE CONFLATION: AN OVERVIEW ..................................................90 A. The Conflation in Context ........................................................95 1. The Conflation: Parts of the W hole ..........................................102 2. The Conflation Institutionalized: The Sums of All Parts ...........103 B. The Conflation: Concepts and Definitions ...................................104 1. N ationality ..............................................................................104
    [Show full text]