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Vladímir Lébedev (1891-1967). Ruta (1924)

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Vladímir Lébedev (1891-1967). Ruta (1924) Todos nuestros catálogos de arte All our art catalogues desde/since 1973 Vladímir lébedeV (1891-1967) 2012 El uso de esta base de datos de catálogos de exposiciones de la Fundación Juan March comporta la aceptación de los derechos de los autores de los textos y de los titulares de copyrights. Los usuarios pueden descargar e imprimir gra- tuitamente los textos de los catálogos incluidos en esta base de datos exclusi- vamente para su uso en la investigación académica y la enseñanza y citando su procedencia y a sus autores. Use of the Fundación Juan March database of digitized exhibition catalogues signifies the user’s recognition of the rights of individual authors and/or other copyright holders. Users may download and/or print a free copy of any essay solely for academic research and teaching purposes, accompanied by the proper citation of sources and authors. www.march.es Fundación Juan March Fundación Juan March Fundación Juan March Fundación Juan March VLADÍMIR LÉBEDEV (1891-1967) Fundación Juan March Este catálogo se publica con ocasión de la exposición VLADÍMIR LÉBEDEV (1891-1967) Museu Fundación Juan March, Palma 22 febrero – 26 mayo 2012 Museo de Arte Abstracto Español, Cuenca 15 junio – 9 septiembre 2012 Th is catalogue is published on the occasion of the exhibition VLADIMIR LEBEDEV (1891-1967) Museu Fundación Juan March, Palma February 22 – May 26, 2012 Museo de Arte Abstracto Español, Cuenca June 15 – September 9, 2012 3 Fundación Juan March Este catálogo acompaña la primera exposición monográfi ca en España Presentación dedicada al artista ruso-soviético Vladímir Lébedev (1891-1967), que se celebra en el Museu Fundación Juan March de Palma (22 febrero a 26 mayo) y en el Museo de Arte Abstracto Español de Cuenca (15 junio a 9 septiembre). Componen la muestra más de 100 obras —dibujos, carte- lería revolucionaria, bocetos y libros infantiles ilustrados— procedentes fundamentalmente de los fondos del coleccionista estadounidense Merrill C. Berman (Nueva York) y de la colección de la Bibliothèque de l’Heure Joyeuse de París. Lébedev, cuya obra forma parte de las principales colecciones y museos del mundo, es conocido fuera de su país sólo fragmentariamen- te. Este proyecto no pretende constituir una exhibición completa de la producción del artista; aspira a servir para una primera mirada sobre su extensa carrera. Está organizado en torno a su indudable talento como dibujante y grafi sta revolucionario, además de contar con signifi cativas muestras de su trabajo en el campo de la ilustración de libros infantiles —quizá el aspecto de su obra más conocido fuera de Rusia—. Formado en San Petersburgo, el talento de Lébedev se manifestó ya tras la Revolución de Octubre de 1917 y el establecimiento del ré- gimen soviético. Fue entonces, entre 1920 y 1922, cuando empezó a dibujar sus célebres “ventanas” de la ROSTA, los carteles producidos para la oficina regional del norte de la ROSTA (el popular acrónimo de la agencia telegráfica soviética, en cuya sede de Petrogrado Lébedev fue jefe adjunto del departamento de carteles). Basados en xilografías tradicionales (los llamados lubkí), las “ventanas” de Lébedev revelan los primeros experimentos del artista con el cubismo y el futurismo, decisivos en su carrera mixta de vanguardista y revolucionario, de cultivador tanto de la abstracción como del realismo. La exposición incluye también una amplia serie de dibujos a tinta y acuarelas que muestran la enorme destreza de Lébedev en el llamado “dibujo pictó- 4 Fundación Juan March rico”, tanto en el campo del comentario y la crítica social como en su Berman: Jim Frank y Joelle Jensen, por su ayuda para llevar a cabo esta atención al cuerpo femenino. exposición. Y también a Rafael Cañete, Yana Zabiaka y Erika Wolf por su La faceta quizá más conocida de la obra de Lébedev —su magnífi co dedicada labor de traducción de los textos de Lébedev y sus contempo- trabajo como ilustrador de libros infantiles— tiene también amplia pre- ráneos. sencia en exposición y catálogo. Como director de arte de la Imprenta La posibilidad de obtener en préstamo las obras de Lébedev presen- Detgiz ya en el Leningrado de entre 1924 y 1933, Lébedev no sólo encargó tes en la colección de Merrill C. Berman fue, hace ya más de un año, el ilustraciones a muchos artistas, sino que él mismo, en una larga y prolí- origen de este proyecto y también su condición de posibilidad, así que el fi ca relación con el escritor Samuíl Marshák (1887-1964), ilustró decenas agradecimiento a Merrill C. Berman es doble. Por otra parte, poder expo- de libros infantiles con textos de este, la mayoría de los cuales se inclu- ner junto a las obras de Lébedev una selección casi completa de bocetos yen en la presente muestra. a lápiz, litografías y libros infantiles no hubiera sido posible sin contar con A la vista del casi completo desconocimiento de Lébedev más allá la colección y el préstamo generoso de la Bibliothèque l’Heure Joyeuse de las fronteras de la extinta Unión Soviética y de la carencia casi total de París y de su directora, Françoise Lévèque, a la que agradecemos su de traducciones de textos y fuentes disponibles en español, inglés y en amable y generoso préstamo. También queremos dejar constancia de otras lenguas, este catálogo ha sido concebido a modo de sucinta —y nuestro agradecimiento al Museo Estatal Ruso de San Petersburgo y a su confi amos que efi caz y estimulante— fuente de conocimiento e infor- Directora adjunta de investigación, Evgenia Petrova, por su disposición a mación sobre el artista. Así, y junto a las obras en exposición organiza- colaborar en el proyecto. das en cinco secciones, el lector encontrará una introducción a la vida y Como se ha apuntado, tanto esta publicación como la exposición a la obra de Lébedev (junto a una útil reseña biográfi ca), además de dos la que acompaña se han concebido como una ventana a través de la cual textos específi camente dedicados el uno al aspecto político de su obra asomarse al universo artístico de una relevante fi gura de la vanguardia y el otro al peso del libro infantil en su trabajo. Completan la publicación rusa, el arte revolucionario soviético y el arte moderno del último siglo. algunos textos históricos: una serie de documentos de época, un texto Solo resta abrirla y dejar paso franco a su conocimiento y a su disfrute. autobiográfi co (no concluido por Lébedev, pero sufi cientemente signifi - cativo) y una edición facsímil de uno de sus libros infantiles Prikliuché- Fundación Juan March niya Chuch-Lo [Las aventuras de Chuch-Lo, el espantapájaros] de 1922, Febrero de 2012 todos traducidos por vez primera al castellano y al inglés. La Fundación Juan March desea dejar constancia de su agradeci- miento a Masha Koval, por sus textos y por su trabajo en este proyecto; también a Nicoletta Misler, Carlos Pérez y a Françoise Lévèque —ver- daderos pioneros en la introducción de la obra de Lébedev en Occiden- te— por sus ensayos y su colaboración, así como al equipo de Merrill C. 5 Fundación Juan March 6 Fundación Juan March ÍNDICE 10 Vladímir Lébedev. Un retrato del artista Masha Koval 34 I. Caricaturas y bocetos satíricos [CAT. 1-16] 44 II. Figuras y desnudos femeninos [CAT. 17-35] 64 Un arte público: las caricaturas y los carteles de Vladímir Lébedev Nicoletta Misler 76 III. Los carteles para las “ventanas” de la ROSTA [CAT. 36-43] 86 Vladímir Lébedev. El arte moderno en los cuentos para niños Carlos Pérez y Françoise Lévèque 94 IV. Cuentos infantiles: bocetos, litografías y libros [CAT. 44-114] 142 Selección de textos de época y un texto autobiográfi co (1924-1942) 144 Yefím Zozúlia, “Los dibujos de V. Lébedev”, Prozhéktor, nº 16 (31 agosto 1924) 146 Mijaíl Babénchikov, “Por los talleres de los artistas. Vladímir Lébedev”, Krásnaya Niva, nº 35 (28 agosto 1927) 149 “Sobre ilustraciones infantiles (Entrevista con V. Lébedev)”, Literaturnyi Sovreménnik, nº 12 (1933) 151 Andréi Chegodáyev, “S. Marshák: ¡Menudo despistado!”, Détskaya Literatura, nº 4 (abril 1935) 152 “Garabatos en vez de dibujos”, Komsomólskaya Pravda (15 febrero 1936) 155 “Sobre los artistas pintamonas”, Pravda (1 marzo 1936) 157 V. Lébedev, “Sobre mí mismo” (1942) 160 Las aventuras de Chuch-Lo, el espantapájaros (1922) Ilustraciones y texto de V. Lébedev 186 Reseña biográfi ca Masha Koval 190 Catálogo de obras en exposición 198 Exposiciones 204 Bibliografía 216 Índice de publicaciones periódicas citadas 218 Texts in English 270 Créditos / Credits 272 Catálogos de exposiciones y otras publicaciones de la Fundación Juan March / Catalogues and Other Publications of the Fundación Juan March 7 Fundación Juan March 8 Fundación Juan March 9 Fundación Juan March 10 Fundación Juan March Vladímir Lébedev. Un retrato del artista Masha Koval Para comprender mi trabajo artístico, hay que saber y tener presente que soy un artista de los años 20 (V. Lébedev) El artista ruso-soviético Vladímir Lébedev (1891-1967) es conocido en todo el mundo sobre todo por sus excelentes trabajos en el campo de la ilustración de libros infantiles. Esta fama parece ha- ber eclipsado, con su luz deslumbrante, otras facetas de su poliédrico talento. Porque, al mismo tiempo, Lébedev fue uno de los pintores universales de la vanguardia rusa. A su autoría se deben algunos de los trabajos gráfi cos y de los decorados teatrales más geniales del momento. La eclo- sión de su actividad artística se produce durante el período más esplendoroso de la historia del arte soviético: los años 20 del siglo pasado. Una época de reformas revolucionarias en la sociedad rusa, que coincide con el auge de la vanguardia artística, cuando, en unas condiciones desconocidas de pluralismo en las que conviven multitud de corrientes artísticas, se desarrolla la búsqueda de un nuevo lenguaje fi gurativo.
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