Before and After the Landslide: Precautionary Securing of Pieces of Art at the Gallivaggio Sanctuary in Valchiavenna Arch. Danie
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CHEERS PROJECT MEETING Innsbruck, November 12-13 2019 Before and after the landslide: precautionary securing of pieces of art at the Gallivaggio Sanctuary in Valchiavenna arch. Daniela Lattanzi Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism Regional Secretariat of Lombardy Responsible for the Regional Crisis Coordination Unit (UCCR - MiBACT Lombardia) Lombardy Region geomorphological framework Gallivaggio is located in nothern Lombardy on the road (SS 36) that leads to the Spluga pass towards to Switzerland Gallivaggio is situated in Valchiavenna (Sondrio), about 8 km north from Chiavenna Gallivaggio is in the municipality of San Giacomo Filippo, just few kilometres north from this city centre; it’s a small village built under the landslide slope from XVI century. The Sanctuary was built from 1598 to 1603. The bell tower, 52 metres high, was built from 1728 to 1730. Ancient (XVIII sec.) Sanctuary Parish house and new tavern (1598-1603) (from XVI sec.) Chapel (1537) Bell tower "Pilgrim house” and Cemetery (ante 1615) (1728-1730) (1957) Forward April 13 2018 Alert given for a landslide of 2/3 mc with rock-mass fall on Gallivaggio Sanctuary and on the road. The recorded displacement of a big mass (6.000 mc) at the top was 10-11 mm/day. The evacuation of the village of Gallivaggio and the total and/or partial closure of the road (opening time slots: 6-8 a.m.; 0-2 p.m.; 6-8 p.m.) were therefore prescribed. The movement of the big mass continued in the following days, remaining at a "high criticality threshold" (over 4 mm/day) (ARPA, Regional Agency for Environment Protection, April 21 2018). The Regional Crisis Coordination Unit (UCCR MiBACT) of the Regional Secretariat for Lombardy has been alerted by the Sondrio Prefecture and by UCCN (National Crisis Coordination Unit) of MiBACT on the probable criticalities involving the protection of the Sanctuary. April 23 2018 Decree of the Regional Secretariat for Lombardy for the establishment of the UCCR Gallivaggio with the following tasks: 1) Collaboration and coordination with: the Sondrio Prefecture, the national and regional Civil Protection, the Sondrio Fire Brigade Command, the Carabinieri of the Cultural Heritage Protection Unit of Monza, the Diocese of Como, the municipality of San Giacomo Filippo, the Valchiavenna Mountain Community, etc. 2) Coordination of the MiBACT personnel activities 3) Identification of temporary storage spaces suitable for the pieces to be moved out the Sanctuary (space characteristics: safe, alarmed, with suitable microclimate conditions) 4) Organization, supervision, technical-scientific management of operations for securing mobile cultural heritage Forward MIBACT - UCCR Lombardy Gallivaggio components: 1) Regional Secretariat of Lombardy 2) Superintedent of the provinces of Como, Lecco, Monza Brianza, Pavia, Varese, Sondrio 3) Responsible of UCCR Lombardy 4) Officials of the Regional Secretariat, of the Superintendency and of the Regional Museum Pole: architects, art historians, restorers, technical and scientific assistants Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 1 Preliminary meeting at the parish hall of the Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna for the discussion of the issues concerning the emergency to safeguard the mobile pieces of cultural heritage of the Sanctuary of Gallivaggio. Vice-prefect . Responsible and officials of UCCR MiBACT Lombardy . Carabinieri of Monza – Unit for Cultural Heritage Protection . Carabinieri of Chiavenna and Campodolcino . Fire Brigade – Provincial Command of Sondrio . Bishop's delegate for ecclesiastical cultural heritage of the Diocese of Como . Rector of the Sanctuary . Parish priest of Chiavenna . Restorers appointed by the Diocese of Como . President of the Province of Sondrio . Mayor of the Municipality of San Giacomo Filippo . President of the Mountain Community of Valchiavenna . RUP (Responsabile Unico del Procedimento – Professional Responsible for the Intervention) and geologists appointed by the Mountain Community of Valchiavenna for securing the slope . Company executing the works on the landslide slope Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 2 Issues discussed and decisions taken in the preliminary meeting: 1) Check the damages produced by the landslide on April 13 2018, which caused a hole in the roof of the church’s Sacristy 2) Reconnaissance of the landslide status: • sliding of the landslide mass was 3 mm/day in the "moderate criticality" threshold (data ARPA); • landslide motion was opposed only by friction; • prediction of detachment of a mass of 6.000 mc with severe risk of destruction of Gallivaggio village and the Sanctuary; • ongoing operations for breaking up the masses already in detachment to limit the related amount; • forecast of controlled demolition interventions by micro explosive charges to reduce the rock mass. That meant to anticipate the operations for moving the art pieces out of the Sanctuary, due to the unforeseeable consequences of the demolition intervention 3) definition of acceptable risk for the protection of human lives (shifts lower than 3 mm/day = attention threshold) as a condition for planning activities (inspection, salvaging plan, operations) 4) identification of the path suitable for moving the works (from the staircase downstream of the church with entrance from the side door) Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 3 5) list of the works to be moved (56 according to the first inventory already drawn up with related location in the map) and identification of the priority ones: • sculptural group Madonna del Gallivaggio, sec. XVIII; • Three paintings on canvas with frames (Duchino, Ligari and an unknown author); • two painted and embroidered banners, sec. XVII 6) identification of temporary storage sites at Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna and inspection of such storages with the Carabinieri of the Heritage Protection Unit of Monza to verify the suitability of the temporary depots 7) inspection at the Sanctuary (MiBACT delegation, VVFF, NTPC, geologist appointed by the Mountain Community) to plan the operations Scultore lombardo, Gruppo scultoreo Madonna con bambino e veggenti, XVIII secolo (9 pezzi) Courtesy of Regional Secretariat of Lombardy Position in the map of the most relevant works to be moved first Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 4 Paolo Camillo Landriani, detto il Duchino Cesare Ligari Vergine Incoronata dalla Santissima Trinità (1606) Crocifissione (1739) Olio su tela, 350x190 cm Olio su tela, 280x168 cm Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 5 Manifattura lombarda Manifattura lombarda Madonna del Rosario (XVIII secolo) Apparizione della Madonna (XVIII secolo) Stendardo, seta ricamata e dipinta, 200x170 cm Stendardo, seta ricamata e dipinta, 250x200 cm Inventory of the pieces of art in the Sanctuary with details about: location, techniques, dimensions, displacement priorities (historical, artistic and devotional value), estimated time for dismantling, packaging methods, needed equipment and possible critical aspects (an excel file filled during the starting of the emergency and awaiting the authorization to enter the sanctuary) DISPLACEMENT PRIORITIES (IN CASE OF ALERT DURING THE OPERATION) Inventory of the most important pieces of art in the Sanctuary with details about: location, techniques, dimensions, displacement priorities (historical, artistic and devotional value), estimated time for dismantling, packaging methods in the process of moving, needed equipment and possible critical aspects (an excel file filled during the starting of the emergency and awaiting the authorization to enter the sanctuary) Situation May 1 2018 Inspection report on the state of landslide, then approved by the Prefecture on 3 May 2018, by Prof. Nicola Casagli, Università di Firenze and Civil Protection) 1) Confirmation of criticality levels: 1) attention threshold = movement of 1.5 - 3 mm/day (CONDITION FOR SAFETY OPERATION); 2) moderate criticality 3 mm/day; 3) high criticality 4 mm/day 2) Collapse landslides with detachment of blocks from the summit portion of the slope and falling of isolated rocks without warning signs (high risk factor for operators downstream of the landslide) 3) The lower portion of the slope has a not very steep ledge, so detached masses can impact with high energy, dispersing in an unpredictable manner (high risk factor for operators downstream of the landslide) 4) Height of the rock face up to the landslide 450 m - slope 65-70 degrees 5) Landslide dimensions in detachment: H 22 m, L 21 m, D 11 m 6) Volume of the rockfall: 6 thousand cubic meters approximately 7) Need to enhance monitoring with continuous monitoring sensors to be installed on the rock and with meteorological parameters (rain gauges, thermometers, snow gauges), as the radar interferometer only returns data every 4 hours. Moreover, refine the radar interferometer to increase processing speed and reduce data availability time 8) Confirm on the need of using micro explosive charge after the transfer of the pieces of art and subsequent consolidation of the landslide slope 9) After the conclusion of the event, production of a new wall, more downstream the valley