CHEERS PROJECT MEETING Innsbruck, November 12-13 2019

Before and after the landslide: precautionary securing of pieces of art at the Gallivaggio Sanctuary in

arch. Daniela Lattanzi Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism Regional Secretariat of Responsible for the Regional Crisis Coordination Unit (UCCR - MiBACT ) Lombardy Region geomorphological framework

Gallivaggio is located in nothern Lombardy on the road (SS 36) that leads to the Spluga pass towards to Gallivaggio is situated in Valchiavenna (), about 8 km north from Gallivaggio is in the municipality of , just few kilometres north from this city centre; it’s a small village built under the landslide slope from XVI century. The Sanctuary was built from 1598 to 1603. The bell tower, 52 metres high, was built from 1728 to 1730. Ancient (XVIII sec.) Sanctuary Parish house and new tavern (1598-1603) (from XVI sec.)

Chapel (1537) Bell tower "Pilgrim house” and Cemetery (ante 1615) (1728-1730) (1957) Forward April 13 2018 Alert given for a landslide of 2/3 mc with rock-mass fall on Gallivaggio Sanctuary and on the road. The recorded displacement of a big mass (6.000 mc) at the top was 10-11 mm/day. The evacuation of the village of Gallivaggio and the total and/or partial closure of the road (opening time slots: 6-8 a.m.; 0-2 p.m.; 6-8 p.m.) were therefore prescribed. The movement of the big mass continued in the following days, remaining at a "high criticality threshold" (over 4 mm/day) (ARPA, Regional Agency for Environment Protection, April 21 2018). The Regional Crisis Coordination Unit (UCCR MiBACT) of the Regional Secretariat for Lombardy has been alerted by the Sondrio Prefecture and by UCCN (National Crisis Coordination Unit) of MiBACT on the probable criticalities involving the protection of the Sanctuary.

April 23 2018 Decree of the Regional Secretariat for Lombardy for the establishment of the UCCR Gallivaggio with the following tasks: 1) Collaboration and coordination with: the Sondrio Prefecture, the national and regional Civil Protection, the Sondrio Fire Brigade Command, the Carabinieri of the Cultural Heritage Protection Unit of , the Diocese of , the municipality of San Giacomo Filippo, the Valchiavenna Mountain Community, etc. 2) Coordination of the MiBACT personnel activities 3) Identification of temporary storage spaces suitable for the pieces to be moved out the Sanctuary (space characteristics: safe, alarmed, with suitable microclimate conditions) 4) Organization, supervision, technical-scientific management of operations for securing mobile cultural heritage Forward

MIBACT - UCCR Lombardy Gallivaggio components:

1) Regional Secretariat of Lombardy

2) Superintedent of the provinces of Como, Lecco, Monza , Pavia, Varese, Sondrio

3) Responsible of UCCR Lombardy

4) Officials of the Regional Secretariat, of the Superintendency and of the Regional Museum Pole: architects, art historians, restorers, technical and scientific assistants Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 1

Preliminary meeting at the parish hall of the Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna for the discussion of the issues concerning the emergency to safeguard the mobile pieces of cultural heritage of the Sanctuary of Gallivaggio.

. Vice-prefect . Responsible and officials of UCCR MiBACT Lombardy . Carabinieri of Monza – Unit for Cultural Heritage Protection . Carabinieri of Chiavenna and . Fire Brigade – Provincial Command of Sondrio . Bishop's delegate for ecclesiastical cultural heritage of the Diocese of Como . Rector of the Sanctuary . Parish priest of Chiavenna . Restorers appointed by the Diocese of Como . President of the . Mayor of the Municipality of San Giacomo Filippo . President of the Mountain Community of Valchiavenna . RUP (Responsabile Unico del Procedimento – Professional Responsible for the Intervention) and geologists appointed by the Mountain Community of Valchiavenna for securing the slope . Company executing the works on the landslide slope Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 2 Issues discussed and decisions taken in the preliminary meeting: 1) Check the damages produced by the landslide on April 13 2018, which caused a hole in the roof of the church’s Sacristy

2) Reconnaissance of the landslide status: • sliding of the landslide mass was 3 mm/day in the "moderate criticality" threshold (data ARPA); • landslide motion was opposed only by friction; • prediction of detachment of a mass of 6.000 mc with severe risk of destruction of Gallivaggio village and the Sanctuary; • ongoing operations for breaking up the masses already in detachment to limit the related amount; • forecast of controlled demolition interventions by micro explosive charges to reduce the rock mass. That meant to anticipate the operations for moving the art pieces out of the Sanctuary, due to the unforeseeable consequences of the demolition intervention 3) definition of acceptable risk for the protection of human lives (shifts lower than 3 mm/day = attention threshold) as a condition for planning activities (inspection, salvaging plan, operations)

4) identification of the path suitable for moving the works (from the staircase downstream of the church with entrance from the side door) Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 3

5) list of the works to be moved (56 according to the first inventory already drawn up with related location in the map) and identification of the priority ones: • sculptural group Madonna del Gallivaggio, sec. XVIII; • Three paintings on canvas with frames (Duchino, Ligari and an unknown author); • two painted and embroidered banners, sec. XVII 6) identification of temporary storage sites at Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna and inspection of such storages with the Carabinieri of the Heritage Protection Unit of Monza to verify the suitability of the temporary depots 7) inspection at the Sanctuary (MiBACT delegation, VVFF, NTPC, geologist appointed by the Mountain Community) to plan the operations Scultore lombardo, Gruppo scultoreo Madonna con bambino e veggenti, XVIII secolo (9 pezzi) Courtesy of Regional Secretariat of Lombardy Position in the map of the most relevant works to be moved first Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 4

Paolo Camillo Landriani, detto il Duchino Cesare Ligari Vergine Incoronata dalla Santissima Trinità (1606) Crocifissione (1739) Olio su tela, 350x190 cm Olio su tela, 280x168 cm Preliminary operations and organization of the intervention for moving and securing works of art - Aprile 23 2018 / 5

Manifattura lombarda Manifattura lombarda Madonna del Rosario (XVIII secolo) Apparizione della Madonna (XVIII secolo) Stendardo, seta ricamata e dipinta, 200x170 cm Stendardo, seta ricamata e dipinta, 250x200 cm Inventory of the pieces of art in the Sanctuary with details about: location, techniques, dimensions, displacement priorities (historical, artistic and devotional value), estimated time for dismantling, packaging methods, needed equipment and possible critical aspects (an excel file filled during the starting of the emergency and awaiting the authorization to enter the sanctuary) DISPLACEMENT PRIORITIES (IN CASE OF ALERT DURING THE OPERATION)

Inventory of the most important pieces of art in the Sanctuary with details about: location, techniques, dimensions, displacement priorities (historical, artistic and devotional value), estimated time for dismantling, packaging methods in the process of moving, needed equipment and possible critical aspects (an excel file filled during the starting of the emergency and awaiting the authorization to enter the sanctuary) Situation May 1 2018 Inspection report on the state of landslide, then approved by the Prefecture on 3 May 2018, by Prof. Nicola Casagli, Università di Firenze and Civil Protection)

1) Confirmation of criticality levels: 1) attention threshold = movement of 1.5 - 3 mm/day (CONDITION FOR SAFETY OPERATION); 2) moderate criticality 3 mm/day; 3) high criticality 4 mm/day 2) Collapse landslides with detachment of blocks from the summit portion of the slope and falling of isolated rocks without warning signs (high risk factor for operators downstream of the landslide) 3) The lower portion of the slope has a not very steep ledge, so detached masses can impact with high energy, dispersing in an unpredictable manner (high risk factor for operators downstream of the landslide) 4) Height of the rock face up to the landslide 450 m - slope 65-70 degrees 5) Landslide dimensions in detachment: H 22 m, L 21 m, D 11 m 6) Volume of the rockfall: 6 thousand cubic meters approximately 7) Need to enhance monitoring with continuous monitoring sensors to be installed on the rock and with meteorological parameters (rain gauges, thermometers, snow gauges), as the radar interferometer only returns data every 4 hours. Moreover, refine the radar interferometer to increase processing speed and reduce data availability time 8) Confirm on the need of using micro explosive charge after the transfer of the pieces of art and subsequent consolidation of the landslide slope 9) After the conclusion of the event, production of a new wall, more downstream the valley compared to the existing one and 16 m high Preliminary operations and organization of the salvaging intervention

May 8 2018 Meeting on site to plan the transfer of the pieces of art

May 9 2018 Enhancement of the monitoring system with continuous strain gauges

May 10 2018 Inspections by Fire Brigade, MiBACT, restorers appointed by the Diocese and APICE (company specialized in the transport and packaging of art works): . verification of the location of the art works through maps and forms; . verification of anchorage typology of paintings on canvas; . assessment of the priority list for collecting the art works in the church; . checks on the methods of disassembly and packing of the sculptural group of the Madonna di Gallivaggio (Madonna, two statues, two crowns, four angels) with boxes and bubble wrap; . checks on how the art works will have to be packed.

VERY IMPORTANT The monitoring data gave shifts of the landslide of 1 mm/day, below the threshold of attention (> 1.5 mm / day): the state detected in those days and the weather conditions were indicated for the operation , except for sudden changes. Operations of moving and securing of the Sanctuary's mobile cultural assets / 1 May 11 2018 from 8:00 a.m.

Operations coordination: MIBACT - UCCR Lombardy Gallivaggio

Field Operators: • MiBACT Officials of the Regional Secretariat Lombardy and Soprintendenza: architects, art historians, restorers • Fire Brigade – Provincial Command of Sondrio • Carabinieri of Monza – Unit for Cultural Heritage Protection • Ecclesiastical cultural assets responsible, restorers and technicians of the Diocese of Como • Technicians and geologists appointed by the Mountain Community of Valchiavenna for securing the slope • Company APICE Lmd, specialized in packaging and transopration of art works. This company sponsored the operations cutting 50% off the price Operations of moving and securing of the sanctuary's mobile cultural assets / 1 May 11 2018 from 8:00 a.m.

Operations coordination: MIBACT - UCCR Lombardy Gallivaggio

Conditions for operations (acceptable risk for safety of human life) • Suspension of the controlled demolition interventions for the whole day • Operations duration independent from the opening hours of the road • Acceptable risk: movements <3 mm/day of the landslide’s rock falling, according to the monitoring with radar interferometer (Cancelli, Bragonzi, Casagli) • Condition check: in the days before and in the day of the operations, registered falling threshold was 1 mm/day, confirmed by real time monitoring system (strain gauges applied directly on site and immediate feedback of the data) • Visual control and direct observation during operations by technicians geologists from the top of the landslide so to be able to immediately communicate criticalities to Firemen

Base camp for operations: open space downstream the Sanctuary, outside the risk area

Temporary storages: • Architectural complex of Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna • Chiesa di San Lorenzo (deposit of scultural group Maria Vergine - exposure for the faithful) Operations of moving and securing of the sanctuary's mobile cultural assets / 2 May 11 2018 from 8:00am

Operations coordination: MIBACT - UCCR Lombardy Gallivaggio

Intervention and operations, based on the preliminary inventory an the preparation activities 1) disassembly, fast packaging (based on previous analysis on what/how) and removal of the works 2) transport to the base camp 3) registration, numbering, inventory with photographic documentation and definitive packaging according to suitable criteria to ensure their conservation in the identified temporary storages 4) transport of the works to the complex of the Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna

 Main priorities: 7 pieces (some complex ones, like the group of the Madonna)  Main pieces: 56 pieces according to the first inventory  Total number of pieces of art recovered during the operations: 119 pieces (tables on canvas, sculptures, banners and liturgical furnishings) Dismantling – according to the restorer instructions – of the painting on canvas Vergine Incoronata dalla Santissima Trinità (1606) di Paolo Camillo Landriani, detto il Duchino Dismantling – according to the restorer instructions – of the painting on canvas Vergine Incoronata dalla Santissima Trinità (1606) di Paolo Camillo Landriani, detto il Duchino Dismantling and preparation for transport:

(on the left) Palermitan school, Paliotto (1713), silk, silver and polychromies (large 223 cm)

(on the right) Lombard manufacturing, Banner (sec. XVIII), Apparizione della Madonna on recto and Ostensorio retto da angeli on verso, embroidered and painted silk (large 200 cm) Opening of the first packages in the base camp, inventory and photographic documentation of the art pieces: - (On the left) Lombard sculptor, Madonna con bambino, sec. XVIII, painted and gilded carved wood, h. 125 cm - (On the right), Lombard sculptor, Fanciulla inginocchiata, sec. XVIII, painted and gilded carved wood, h. 80 cm Opening of the first packages in the base camp, inventory and photographic documentation of the art pieces Final re-packaging of the pieces of art in the base camp for the transportation to the temporary storage in the architectural complex of San Lorenzo in Chiavenna Transportation of the pieces of art from the base camp to the temporary storage in the architectural complex of Collegiata di San Lorenzo a Chiavenna Deposit of one of the paintings in a temporary storage of the architectural complex of Collegiata di San Lorenzo a Chiavenna Temporary exhibition of the Madonna di Gallivaggio in one of the lateral chapels of San Lorenzo’s church in Chiavenna https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=orn- nhHDIkI May 29 2018 Lanslide of 10.00 - 12.000 mc May 29 2018 Lanslide of 10.00 - 12.000 mc Sanctuary of Gallivaggio after the landslide on May 29 2018 Damage due to the falling rocks on the upstream wall (plaster gaps, mansory deformation out of plane, gaps and walled holes, rupture of the gutters) Inside of the Sanctuary after the landslide: holes in the principal and lateral vaults Inside of the Sanctuary after the landslide: holes in the vaults InsideUCCR – Lombardiaof the Sanctuary after the landslide: holes in the principal and lateral vaults and breakthroughMessa in sicurezza of di benithe mobililateral wall Inside of the Sanctuary after the landslide: damages to the lateral wall and to the frescos by Domenico Caresana (1605-1606) Participants to the salvaging of the pieces of art: • MiBACT – UCCR Lombardia: arch. Daniela Lattanzi (coordinatore delle operazioni); dott.ssa Ilaria Bruno; dott.ssa Flora Berizzi; restauratore Mari Mapelli; dott.ssa Livia Bottero (Segreteria tecnica) • DIOCESI DI COMO: don Andrea Straffi; dott.ssa Eugenia Bianchi, restauratori Ornella Sterlocchi e Fiorenza Longoni; • NUCLEO TUTELA DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE DEI CARABINIERI DI MONZA: magg. Francesco Provenza (Comandante); luog. Raffaele Adorante; app. sc. qs. Gaetano Corcione; • VIGILI DEL FUOCO DEL COMANDO PROVINCIALE DI SONDRIO: arch. Massimo Tarabini (Vice Comandante); arch. Valerio Dioli; Stefano Morelli; Giovanni Nava; Martino Tognetti; Franco Fanetti; Marco Tonucci; i volontari Scaramella e Tam; • COMUNITA’ MONTANA DI VALCHIAVENNA: geom. Floriano Faccenda; geol. Guido Merizzi; geol. Umberto Legnani (impresa Ecoval S.r.l); • APICE S.R.L.: Fabiano Panzironi; Roger Farese; Davide Moratelli; Domenico De Lucia; Carlo Alberto Zucchetti (sponsorizzazione del 50% della propria prestazione); • PASTICCERIA MASTAI di Chiavenna che ha offerto il catering. • RINGRAZIAMENTI: Livia Bottero All photos and images: credits MiBACT Regional Secretary of Lombardy