DOCSLIB.ORG

Eg, Change Or Extinction of Particular Living Organisms; Field Evidence Or

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eg, Change Or Extinction of Particular Living Organisms; Field Evidence Or 6.4. Construct explanations from geologic evidence (e.g., change or extinction of particular living organisms; field evidence or representations, including models of geologic cross-sections; sedimentary layering) to identify patterns of Earth’s major historical events (e.g., formation of mountain chains and ocean basins, significant volcanic eruptions, fossilization, folding, faulting, igneous intrusion, erosion). Use the diagram of a geologic cross section below to answer questions #1-2 1. Which rock layer most likely contains the most recently evolved organisms? a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4 2. Which rock layer represents the oldest rock? a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4 3. Use the diagram below to answer the question. The diagram shows the fossils in two different sections of rock found on opposite sides of a canyon. Which layer in rock section one is approximately the same age as layer X in rock section 2? a. Layer 1 b. Layer 2 c. Layer 3 d. Layer 4 4. Which statement is true about undisturbed layers of rocks on the side of a mountain? a. The rock layers closest to the ground level have more fossils in them. b. The layers of rock closest to the ground level are older than the layers on top. c. The layers of rocks that are the darkest in color are older than those that are lighter. d. The layers of rocks that are lighter in color are older than those that are darker. 5. The diagram below shows four different rock layers in a hillside. What is the best evidence that one of those rock layers was formed under an ocean. a. The thickness of the layer c. The type of fossils in the layer b. The composition of the rock layer d. The height above sea level of the layer 6. The diagram to the right shows the undisturbed layers of rock found in an area and some of the fossils found in each layer. Which statement best describes how the environment in the area most likely changed over time? a. From desert to lake b. From river to lake c. From ocean to desert d. From river to ocean 7. Which cross section below best shows the pattern of mantle convection currents that are believed to cause the formation of the mid-ocean ridge? D. 6.5. Use evidence to explain how different geologic processes shape Earth’s history over widely varying scales of space and time (e.g., chemical and physical erosion; tectonic plate processes; volcanic eruptions; meteor impacts; regional geographical features, including Alabama fault lines, Rickwood Caverns, and Wetumpka Impact Crater). Systems and system models 1. Scientist claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support this claim? a. Dinosour footprints were found near the Grand Canyon. b. Fish were found living on the rivers of the Grand Canyon. c. Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon. d. Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon. 2. Evidence suggests that the earth is about 4.6 billion years old, even though no Earth rocks have been found that can be dated at more than 4 million years old. This discrepancy is most likely caused by Earth’s original crust being a. Difficult to date so precisely. b. Subject to extensive erosion. c. Blasted away during Earth’s formation. d. Destroyed by solar radiation. 3. Which best describes the changes occurring to the Earth’s surface over time? a. New mountains are only formed under the oceans. b. More mountains are gradually formed as the oceans recede. c. Mountains are gradually being word down, but no new ones are formed. d. New mountains are being formed as old mountains are gradually worn down. 6.6. Provide evidence from data of the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to explain past plate motions. Cause and effect 1. Which of the following is the best evidence that Earth’s continents were once in vastly different positions than they are in today? a. Penguins are only found in the southern hemisphere. b. Fossils of tropical plants are found in Antarctica. c. Volcanoes encircle the Pacific Ocean. d. Major rivers form deltas from continental erosion. 2. The diagram to the right is a cross section of a series of rock layers that have been found in all of these landmasses: South America, Africa, India, and Antarctica. Alfred Wegener’s analysis of the similarities in these layers led to his conclusion that: a. Continental plates float on top of a molten mantle. b. In undisturbed rock layers, the oldest will be on the bottom. c. These five landmasses were once joined together in a single landmass. d. The magnetic changes are undisturbed in the rocks formed at mid-ocean ridges. 3. The map to the left represents the movement of the Indian plate into the continent of Asia. Scientists believe that 71 million years ago, India was in position A. Which present day geological feature in Nepal resulted from that collision? a. A rift valley b. A mountain range c. An oceanic ridge d. An ocean trench 6.8. Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth’s materials (e.g., processes of crystallization, heating and cooling, weathering, deformation, and sedimentation). Systems and system models 1. The table below shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Granite is one kind of intrusive rock. Which rock described in the table is most likely granite? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2. The diagram to the right shows how a type of rock is formed over time. This diagram shows the formation of which type of rock? a. Intrusive Igneous Rock b. Extrusive Igneous Rock c. Metamorphic Rock d. Sedimentary Rock Use the information from the diagram below to answer questions # 3-6. 3. What processes can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock? a. Melting and uplifting c. melting and pressure b. Heat and pressure d. heating and crystallization 4. What process pushes metamorphic rock to Earth’s surface? a. Burial b. Sedimentation c. Crystallization d. uplift 5. Melting, cooling, and crystallization below the Earth’s surface forms which type of rock? a. Intrusive Igneous Rock c. Metamorphic Rock b. Extrusive Igneous Rock d. Sedimentary Rock 6. What processes are required for igneous or metamorphic rock to become sedimentary rock? a. Deep burial, heat, & pressure b. Melting, cooling, & crystallization c. Uplift, deep burial, & crystallization d. Weathering, erosion, burial, & sedimentation 7. In the 1600’s, Danish scientist Nicholas Steno studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks. Today, his idea is known as the Law of Superposition. This law is one way to estimate the relative age of sedimentary rocks. The diagram below is a cross section of sedimentary rocks from Michigan. How could the Law of Superposition be applied correctly to this cross section? a. The sedimentary layer in the cross section is 5,200 years old. b. The youngest sedimentary rock layer was deposited by glaciers. c. The layers in this cross section are all igneous, so the law does not apply. d. The youngest sedimentary layer can be found at the very bottom of this cross section. 8. Julian was designing an investigation on the formation of the different types of rocks using candies. Which of the following processes demonstrate chemical weathering of the candies? a. Julian melted the candies and allowed them to cool and harden. b. Julian pressed the tiny candy fragments into one large candy mass. c. Julian placed a handful of candies in a shallow dish of warm water. d. Julian used a piece of sandpaper to scratch off the surface of the candy into tiny particles. 6.9. Use models to explain how the flow of Earth’s internal energy drives a cycling of matter between Earth’s surface and deep interior causing plate movements (e.g., mid-ocean ridges, ocean trenches, volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, rift valleys, volcanic islands). Energy & matter Use the table below to answer questions 1-4. Type of Earthquake How does the seismic wave Where does the seismic wave travel? Wave move? a. Through the solid and liquid a. Push and pull layers of the earth b. Side to side b. Through the solid layers of the c. Both earth c. neither P wave 1.A 3.A S wave 2.B 4.B 5. The diagram below shows a cross section of the mid-Atlantic Ridge. Which area is likely to have the oldest crust? a. 1 c. 3 b. 2 d. 4 Use the diagram below to answer the questions #6-8. Y 6. Identify the land feature found at the Y position in the diagram. a. Mid-ocean ridge c. Sea Floor Spreading b. Subduction zone d. Rift Valley 7. Identify the plate boundary depicted in the image. a. Divergent c. Transform b. Convergent d. Horizontal 8. Identify the most likely landform to emerge at the X position in the diagram. a. Mountains d. Volcanoes b. Seamounts d. Mid-ocean ridge Use the diagram below to answer questions # 9-12. A. B. C. D. 9. Identify the boundary at A. a. Convergent c. transform b. Divergent d. Strike Slip 10. Identify the boundary at B. a. Convergent c. transform b. Divergent d. Strike Slip 11. Identify the physical layer of the earth illustrated at C. a. Lithosphere c. Asthenosphere b. Mesosphere d. Core 12. Identify the physical layer of the earth illustrated at D. a. Lithosphere c.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mineral Mania
    The Rock Factory A Pre-Visit Information Guide for Teachers Meets Next Generation Science Standards: 5-PS1-3; MS LS4-1,2; MS ESS1-4; MS-ESS2-1 How does our Earth create so many different types of rocks? Learn about the different processes that form and reform rocks as you identify many types of rocks, minerals and fossils. Students will learn to think like geologists as they move through interactive investigation stations packed with specimens from the Museum’s collections. OBJECTIVES The Rock Cycle: Students will examine the three types of rocks - igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary – and discover the processes that create them. Tracing the connections between shale and slate, limestone and marble, students will discover how the rock cycle changes the very ground beneath our feet! Characteristics of Rocks Students will learn how to observe and identify rocks through their unique characteristics, looking for telling clues such as layering, crystal size, fossils, magnetism, and more. Students will practice their observational skills as they describe the Museum’s unique rock and mineral specimens. Investigation Stations: Students will explore Museum geology specimens up close at investigation stations to answer such questions as: “Why do fossils form only in certain rocks?” “How do rocks form from volcanic eruptions?” “How can I recognize different types of rocks?”. ACTIVITIES Teachers are encouraged to conduct pre-visit and post-visit classroom discussions and activities with their classes to make the most of their experience. Encourage your students to start a classroom rock collection, and create an exhibit with the rocks organized by type – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Boulder Map of Campus Has Been Created As an Educational Educational an As Created Been Has Campus of Map Boulder Geologic The
    Adam Larsen, Kevin Ansdell and Tim Prokopiuk Tim and Ansdell Kevin Larsen, Adam What is Geology? Igneous Geo-walk ing of marine creatures when the limestone was deposited. It also contains by edited and Written Geology is the study of the Earth, from the highest mountains to the core of The root of “igneous” is from the Latin word ignis meaning fire. Outlined in red, numerous fossils including gastropods, brachiopods, receptaculita and rugose the planet, and has traditionally been divided into physical geology and his- this path takes you across campus looking at these ancient “fire” rocks, some coral. The best example of these are in the Geology Building where the stone torical geology. Physical geology concentrates on the materials that compose of which may have been formed at great depths in the Earth’s crust. Created was hand-picked for its fossil display. Campus of the Earth and the natural processes that take place within the earth to shape by the cooling of magma or lava, they can widely vary in both grain size and Granite is another common building stone used on campus. When compa- its surface. Historical geology focuses on Earth history from its fiery begin- mineral composition. This walk stops at examples showing this variety to help nies sell granite, they do not use the same classification system as geologists. nings to the present. Geology also explores the interactions between the you understand what the change in circumstances will do to the appearance Granite is sold in many different colours and mineral compositions that a Map Boulder Geologic lithosphere (the solid Earth), the atmosphere, the biosphere (plants, animals of the rock.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 – Introduction – Review of Rocks and Plate Tectonics Practice Exam and Study Guide
    Chapter 1 – Introduction – Review of Rocks and Plate Tectonics Practice Exam and Study Guide To be able to understand the material covered during this course you need to have a basic background in the kinds of rocks making up our planet. This section of the study guide is aimed at helping you gain that background. 1. What are the three major groups of rocks found on planet Earth? Igneous Rocks 2. Which of the following processes is associated with igneous rocks? a. Solid‐state recrystallization b. Weathering and erosion c. Transportation and deposition d. Cooling a silicate liquid to a solid rock e. The accumulation of granitic debris in a moraine 3. If a silicate liquid flows out along the Earth’s surface or seabed, then it is called _______________. 4. If a silicate liquid exists beneath the Earth’s surface or seabed, then it is called _______________. 5. Which of the following terms refer to a body of magma or its solidified equivalent? a. Basalt b. Sandstone c. Gneiss d. Pluton e. Schist 6. If you can see the crystals making up an igneous rock with the naked eye, then the texture is described as a. Pyroclastic b. Phaneritic c. Aphanitic d. Porphyritic e. Aphyric from Perilous Earth: Understanding Processes Behind Natural Disasters, ver. 1.0, June, 2009 by G.H. Girty, Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University Page 1 7. In an aphanitic igneous rock can you make out the outlines of individual crystals with the naked eye? Yes or No 8. What type of igneous rock is the most volumetrically important on our planet? Intrusive Igneous Rocks 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Igneous Rocks and Their Origin
    IIggnneeoouuss RRocockkss aanndd ThTheeiirr OOrigrigiinn Chapter 5 Three Types of Rocks • Igneous rocks - Formed from volcanic eruptions - either external or internal • Sedimentary rocks - Formed from erosional processes • Metamorphic rocks - Deforming of rocks above from exposure to high pressure and temperature The Rock Cycle • A rock is composed of grains of one or more minerals • The rock cycle shows how one type of rocky material is transformed into ano ther Igneous Rocks Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava erupts at the surface. Igneous extrusion (lava) The resulting rock is fine-grained or has a glassy texture. Basalt Igneous Rocks Igneous intrusion Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma intrudes into unmelted rock masses. Granite The slow cooling process produces coarsely grained rocks. How do we Know Igneous Rocks Formed at Depth? Torres del Paine, Chile • Mineralogy / Chemistry ? • Grain size (coarse vs fine grained) • Lab expmts require high P & T to form large grains • Outcrops: See intrusions into country rock -Contact/chill zones, baked and metamorphosed • Xenoliths of country rock found in igneous intrusions Igneous Rock Identification • Igneous rock names are based on texture (grain size) and composition • Textural classification – Coarse-grained: Plutonic rocks (gabbro-diorite-granite) cooled slowly at depth – Fine-Grained: Volcanic rocks (basalt-andesite-rhyolite) cooled rapidly at the Earth’s surface • Compositional classification – Mafic rocks (gabbro-basalt) contain dark-colored ferromagnesian minerals, iron rich
    [Show full text]
  • Landslides and the Weathering of Granitic Rocks
    Geological Society of America Reviews in Engineering Geology, Volume III © 1977 7 Landslides and the weathering of granitic rocks PHILIP B. DURGIN Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, California 94701 (stationed at Arcata, California 95521) ABSTRACT decomposition, so they commonly occur as mountainous ero- sional remnants. Nevertheless, granitoids undergo progressive Granitic batholiths around the Pacific Ocean basin provide physical, chemical, and biological weathering that weakens examples of landslide types that characterize progressive stages the rock and prepares it for mass movement. Rainstorms and of weathering. The stages include (1) fresh rock, (2) core- earthquakes then trigger slides at susceptible sites. stones, (3) decomposed granitoid, and (4) saprolite. Fresh The minerals of granitic rock weather according to this granitoid is subject to rockfalls, rockslides, and block glides. sequence: plagioclase feldspar, biotite, potassium feldspar, They are all controlled by factors related to jointing. Smooth muscovite, and quartz. Biotite is a particularly active agent in surfaces of sheeted fresh granite encourage debris avalanches the weathering process of granite. It expands to form hydro- or debris slides in the overlying material. The corestone phase biotite that helps disintegrate the rock into grus (Wahrhaftig, is characterized by unweathered granitic blocks or boulders 1965; Isherwood and Street, 1976). The feldspars break down within decomposed rock. Hazards at this stage are rockfall by hyrolysis and hydration into clays and colloids, which may avalanches and rolling rocks. Decomposed granitoid is rock migrate from the rock. Muscovite and quartz grains weather that has undergone granular disintegration. Its characteristic slowly and usually form the skeleton of saprolite.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Guide to Stone Mountain Park
    GEOLOGIC GUIDE TO STONE MOUNTAIN PARK by Robert L. Atkins and Lisa G. Joyce Georgia Department of Natural Resources Georgia Geologic Survey GEOLOGIC GUIDE 4 Common Misconceptions About Stone Mountain An average of four million people visit Stone Mountain Park each year. Very little geologic information is available to these visitors. With this lack of information, some misconceptions have developed concerning Stone Moun­ tain and the granite named after the mountain. Several of these misconcep­ tions are discussed below. MYTH 1: Stone Mountai n granite underlies half of Georgia, all of Geor­ gia, three states, seven states, etc. FACT: The Stone Mountain Granite is a relatively small unit. It extends northward to U.S. 78, southward to the park boundary, and its western contact lies within the park limits. It extends eastward towards C enterville (see Geologic Map of the Stone Mountain Area, p. 12-13). MYTH 2: Stone Mountain is the largest exposed granite outcrop in the world. FACT: Stone Mountain's size is quite inspiring. It probably is the largest granite dome east of the Mississippi River, as it rises approxi­ mately 750 feet (ft) above the surrounding topography; how­ ever, it is not the largest dome in the world. Many granite domes in the Sierras in the western United States are larger. MYTH 3: Stone Mountain is 300 million years old. FACT: The granite that forms Stone Mountain is approximately 300 million years old, but the mountain itself has only been exposed for approximately 15 million years. MYTH 4: Stone Mountain used to be a volcano. FACT: Although Stone Mountain Granite, like all other granites, is igneous in origin, it was formed quite differently from a volcano.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Interpretation of Floodplain Deposits of the Southwestern
    Geologic Interpretation of Floodplain Deposits of the Southwestern Willamette Valley, T17SR4W With Some Implications for Restoration Management Practices Eugene, Oregon Michael James, James Geoenvironmental Services Karin Baitis, Eugene District BLM JULY 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Location 2 CHAPTER 2 WEST EUGENE GEOLOGIC BACKGROUND 9 CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 15 3.1 MAPPING 15 3.1.1Stratigraphic and Soil Investigation 15 3.1.2 Chronology of Lithologic Units: Radiocarbon Dating and Paleopedology 17 3.1.3 Summary 23 3.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF SEDIMENTS 24 3.2.1 Textural and Sedimentological Analysis 24 3.3 MINERALOGY 26 3.3.1 Soil 26 3.3.2 Tephra Analysis 32 3.3.3 Clay XRD 33 3.3.4 Summary 38 3.4 MINERAL CHEMISTRY 40 3.4.1 Microprobe and Neutron Activation Analysis 40 3.4.2 Trace Elements 48 3.4.3 Summary 52 3.5 SURFACE AND SOIL WATER CONDUCTIVITY 53 3.5.1 General Experiment Design 53 3.5.2 Amazon Creek and Area Stream Conductivities 58 3.5.3 Soil/Water Conductivity 60 3.5.4 Ion Chromatography of Soil Profiles--Paul Engelking 60 3.5.5 Summary 61 3.6 RESTORATION TREATMENT SOIL CONDUCTIVITY ANALYSES 62 3.6.1 Conductivity and Ion Chromatography 62 3.6.2 Nutrient Tests 65 3.6.3 Summary 66 CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 68 4.1 Conclusions 68 4.2 Recommendations 71 REFERENCES 73 Appendix A Soil Descriptions Appendix B Soil Photographs with Descriptions Appendix C Stratigraphic Columns Appendix D Textural and Mineralogic Table Appendix E XRD Appendix F Neutron Activation Appendix G Soil and Water Conductivity Appendix H Soil Treatment Conductivity EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A three-and-one-half mile, NW-SE transect of soil auger borings was done in West Eugene from Bailey Hill Rd to Oak Knoll across parcels that make up part of the West Eugene Wetlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 Intrusive Igneous Rocks
    Chapter 3 Intrusive Igneous Rocks Learning Objectives After carefully reading this chapter, completing the exercises within it, and answering the questions at the end, you should be able to: • Describe the rock cycle and the types of processes that lead to the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, and explain why there is an active rock cycle on Earth. • Explain the concept of partial melting and describe the geological processes that lead to melting. • Describe, in general terms, the range of chemical compositions of magmas. • Discuss the processes that take place during the cooling and crystallization of magma, and the typical order of crystallization according to the Bowen reaction series. • Explain how magma composition can be changed by fractional crystallization and partial melting of the surrounding rocks. • Apply the criteria for igneous rock classification based on mineral proportions. • Describe the origins of phaneritic, porphyritic, and pegmatitic rock textures. • Identify plutons on the basis of their morphology and their relationships to the surrounding rocks. • Explain the origin of a chilled margin. 65 Physical Geology - 2nd Edition 66 Figure 3.0.1 A fine-grained mafic dyke (dark green) intruded into a felsic dyke (pink) and into coarse diorite (grey), Quadra Island, B.C. All of these rocks are composed of more than one type of mineral. The mineral components are clearly visible in the diorite, but not in the other two rock types. A rock is a consolidated mixture of minerals. By consolidated, we mean hard and strong; real rocks don’t fall apart in your hands! A mixture of minerals implies the presence of more than one mineral grain, but not necessarily more than one type of mineral (Figure 3.0.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Igneous Rocks
    What is Igneous Rock? Earth’s crust is 4/5 igneous rock. Every igneous rock begins life as molten magma deep in the mantle. As magma migrates toward the surface, some of it chills and hardens Igneous underground into granite and other types of igneous rocks. Rocks Magma that makes it to the surface erupts in either flowing or explosive volcanoes, generating lava, geysers, and hot springs. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/coasts/lecture/gg101/index.html Igneous rock crystallizes in Earth’s magma locations Extrusive igneous rock Intrusive igneous rock crystallizes within Earth’s crust. Intrusive igneous rock Extrusive igneous rock crystallizes upon Earth’s crust. 1 As magma crystallizes a network of interlocking Igneous Rocks minerals develops. The composition and • Igneous Rocks are named on the basis of texture of the resulting rock is determined by the ir tttexture and composition. these minerals. Composition of a rock is the assemblage of minerals it contains. Texture of a rock is the size and arrangement of the minerals it contains. Texture Texture Aphanitic texture - mineral grains too small to see with the unaided eye (Basalt) Phaneritic texture - with large minerals (Granite) Large crystals had a long time to crystallize. Small crystals had a short time to crystallize. Therefore, this is an intrusive rock Therefore, this is an extrusive rock 2 Texture Texture Glassy texture - without Vesicular texture – many pits obvious minerals (Obsidian) from gas escape (Basalt) No crystals. This is an extrusive rock. Extrusive rock. Composition Texture
    [Show full text]
  • THESIS APPROVAL the Abstract and Thesis of Susan L. Bednarz for The
    THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of Susan L. Bednarz for the Master of Science in Geology were presented May 29, 2002, and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. COMMITTEE APPROVALS: ____________________________________ Michael L. Cummings, Chair ____________________________________ Georg H. Grathoff ____________________________________ Scott F. Burns ____________________________________ Trevor D. Smith Representative of the Office of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENTAL APPROVAL: ____________________________________ Michael L. Cummings, Chair Department of Geology ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of Susan L. Bednarz for the Master of Science in Geology presented May 29, 2002. Title: Influence of Halloysite on the Engineering Behavior of Basaltic Saprolites in Northwestern Oregon and Southwestern Washington. Saprolite is commonly developed on Tertiary basalt in northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. Basalt saprolites are often sensitive, in that they release water and lose shear strength when disturbed. Non-sensitive, featureless residual soil mantles sensitive basalt saprolites. Borehole samples of extrusive basalt and intrusive basalt (diabase) saprolites from six study sites in northwestern Oregon were analyzed using X- ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Clay mineral zonation, observed in borehole samples obtained on Mt. Scott in southeast Portland, Oregon, show that 10Å halloysite is most abundant near the bedrock contact, 7Å halloysite is most abundant toward the middle to upper portions
    [Show full text]
  • GY303 Petrology Lab I: Felsic Igneous Rocks for This Section of the Lab
    GY303 Petrology Lab I: Felsic Igneous Rocks For this section of the lab you will classify five rock samples and three microscopic thin section sample point counts according to the IUGS classification ternary appropriate for each sample. For each hand sample complete the following tasks: Step 1: Visually determine the type and percentages of the minerals in the rock. Fill in the table below with the five most common minerals with estimated percentage. Note that some samples may have fewer than five recognizable minerals. List the minerals in order of increasing abundance. Step 2: With the percentages determined in (1) above, select the correct Felsic IUGS ternary based on the presence of quartz or feldspathoid. Recalculate the appropriate minerals to ternary proportions for plotting on the ternary diagram. Note that it is possible that only two of the minerals on the IUGS ternary may be present in the rock and those samples will plot on the side of the ternary containing the two minerals present. Step 3: With the IUGS ternary selected in (2), plot the composition with a ink dot and label on the ternary. Based on the position of the sample, determine the root name of the sample. Remember to modify the rock name with accessory minerals >= 10%. Use the following rule for completely naming the rock: color, texture, alteration (if any), accessory minerals, and root name (Example: pink porphyritic medium-grained biotite granite) sample mineral 1 mineral 2 mineral 3 mineral 4 mineral 5 total % % % % % (14 points each) (1) Sample ____________ classification:____________________________________________ (2) Sample ____________ classification:____________________________________________ (3) Sample ____________ classification:____________________________________________ (4) Sample ____________ classification:____________________________________________ (5) Sample ____________ classification:____________________________________________ (6) (10 points) Use the below mineral information to name the sample intrusive rock using the rules discussed above.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Geological Terms
    GLOSSARY OF GEOLOGICAL TERMS These terms relate to prospecting and exploration, to the regional geology of Newfoundland and Labrador, and to some of the geological environments and mineral occurrences preserved in the province. Some common rocks, textures and structural terms are also defined. You may come across some of these terms when reading company assessment files, government reports or papers from journals. Underlined words in definitions are explained elsewhere in the glossary. New material will be added as needed - check back often. - A - A-HORIZON SOIL: the uppermost layer of soil also referred to as topsoil. This is the layer of mineral soil with the most organic matter accumulation and soil life. This layer is not usually selected in soil surveys. ADIT: an opening that is driven horizontally (into the side of a mountain or hill) to access a mineral deposit. AIRBORNE SURVEY: a geophysical survey done from the air by systematically crossing an area or mineral property using aircraft outfitted with a variety of sensitive instruments designed to measure variations in the earth=s magnetic, gravitational, electro-magnetic fields, and/or the radiation (Radiometric Surveys) emitted by rocks at or near the surface. These surveys detect anomalies. AIRBORNE MAGNETIC (or AEROMAG) SURVEYS: regional or local magnetic surveys that measures deviations in the earth=s magnetic field and carried out by flying a magnetometer along flight lines on a pre-determined grid pattern. The lower the aircraft and the closer the flight lines, the more sensitive is the survey and the more detail in the resultant maps. Aeromag maps produced from these surveys are important exploration tools and have played a major role in many major discoveries (e.g., the Olympic Dam deposit in Australia).
    [Show full text]