DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploring Geosciences –

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploring Geosciences – Block 1 Geology Lesson 2 Rocks and Minerals Exploring Geosciences – February 13th, 2020 12 Thematic Lessons- Your Host: Francine Fallara, P. Geo., M.Sc.A (OGQ #433) Exploration geologist with over 25 years of field experience in various difficult geological environments Consultant in analytical data analysis specialized in complex geological exploration studies Expert in 3D geological modeling and www.ffexplore3d.com digital targeting of minerals Thematic Bloc 1 - Overview Thematic Block 1 Lesson Subtitle Date - 2020 English 1 Introduction to geology January 30th 1:30 - 3:30 PM 2 Rocks and Minerals February 13th 1:30 - 3:30 PM Geology 3 Rock Deformation February 27th 1:30 - 3:30 PM Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 3 Lesson 2 – Rocks and Minerals Lesson 2 Sub-lessons February 13th a. Intrusive rocks b. Volcanic rocks Types of Rocks 1:30 - 2:30 PM c. Sedimentary rocks d. Metamorphic rocks a. Classification Minerals 2:30 - 3:30 PM b. General composition Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 4 Types of Rocks Rocks are solid masses and classified into three fundamentally different types: Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/classes-of-rocks Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 5 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks: General Description The Oldest types of rocks: Formed at depths within the Earth's crust, which slowly solidifies below the Earth's surface o May be later exposed by erosion Formed from magma* forced into older rocks Igneous intrusions form a variety of rock types. Known as the ‘Mother of all rocks’ Characterized as ‘Primary rocks’ Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 6 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks: What is Magma? Magma: Molten rock made by the partial melting of rocks in the earth's interior under conditions of high temperature and high pressure: o As rock melts, it becomes less dense and rises towards the earth's surface o Magma that reaches the earth's surface is called lava Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 7 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks Magma = Depth Lava = Subsurface https://gotbooks.miracosta.edu/earth_science/images/minerals.jpg Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 8 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks: Extrusive vs Intrusive? Volcanic vs Plutonic? Extrusive or Volcanic: Igneous rocks forming at the surface of the earth: o Example: Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock 1. Intrusive or Plutonic: Igneous rocks formed in depth, cools over long periods of time, develop larger crystals textures before it reaches the earth's surface: o Example: Granite Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 9 Types of Rocks – Geology of Quebec Rock Legend Intrusive 06) - Volcanic Sedimentary Thériault et Beauséjour,2012 (DV 2012 http://sigeom.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/signet/classes/I1102_index Metamorphic MRN, 2013 (GT 2013-02) 10 Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals http://sigeom.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/signet/classes/I1102_index Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks - Quebec Rock Legend Intrusive Volcanic Sedimentary Metamorphic MRN 2013 (GT 2013-02) http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/EXAMINE/GT201302/ Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 11 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks - Quebec Common igneous rocks MRN 2013 (GT 2013-02) http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/EXAMINE/GT201302/ Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 12 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks - Quebec GRANITE An intrusive igneous felsic rock Contains a very high silica content Pink, red, gray or white in color with darker minerals Forms from slow crystallization of magma below the Earth’s surface Large grains visible with the eye Common igneous rocks https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/granite_rock.html?oriSearch=rhyolite+rock&sti=mv0coqlbu8xgcdj200|&mediapopup=97965063 Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 13 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks - Quebec SYENITE An igneous rock that solidified slowly in the crust in a similar manner to granite Compositionally same as granite but the major difference is the absence or very low quantity of quartz Darker shades than granite Common igneous rocks https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/syenite_rock.html?oriSearch=granite+rock&sti=mxyh5nqpc75kipmwx0|&mediapopup=138892320| Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 14 Types of Rocks: Igneous Rocks - Quebec GABBRO Intrusive igneous mafic rock Compositionally same as basalt but the major difference is the coarse-grained Shades of greenish gray to black colors Common igneous rocks https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/gabbro_rock.html?oriSearch=syenite+rock&sti=m5kg001ntld5v4fts4|&mediapopup=89324496 Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 15 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks Igneous Rocks: Extrusive vs Intrusive? Volcanic vs Plutonic? Extrusive or Volcanic: Igneous rocks form at the surface of the earth: o Example: Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock 2. Volcanic: Formed from lava from a volcanic eruption Volcanic rock and sediments created from magma erupted into the air are called "volcanoclastic" or “tuffs" and these are technically sedimentary rocks Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 16 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks-Tuff Tuff: Rhyolite tuff formed during explosive volcanism TUFF Volcanic rock and sediments created from magma erupted into the air Called "volcanoclastic" or “tuffs" Are technically sedimentary rocks Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 17 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks - Quebec Rock Legend Intrusive Volcanic Sedimentary Metamorphic MRN 2013 (GT 2013-02) http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/EXAMINE/GT201302/ Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 18 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks -Quebec Common volcanic rocks MRN 2013 (GT 2013-02) http://gq.mines.gouv.qc.ca/documents/EXAMINE/GT201302/ Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 19 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks -Quebec RHYOLITE An extrusive igneous felsic rock Contains a very high silica content Pink or gray in color Small grains difficult to observe by eye Common volcanic rocks https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/rhyolite_rock.html?oriSearch=shale&sti=lpasg0b6cqefk2uo39| Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 20 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks -Quebec BASALT Can be both an extrusive igneous mafic rock or an intrusive dyke Greenish gray to black in color Fine-grained Common volcanic rocks https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/basalt.html?oriSearch=basalt+rock&sti=llhs1giv3e6lj59vqc| Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 21 Types of Rocks: Volcanic Rocks -Quebec KOMATIITE Rare extrusive igneous ultramafic rock derived from extremely hot magma Rapid cooling of the hot lava flows creates their "spinifex" texture Magnesium (Mg)- rich lava Low silicon, potassium and Common volcanic rocks aluminium content https://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/komatiite.html?oriSearch=basalt&prf=1&sti=my7s9c2rxx7eem833v|&mediapopup=115310611 Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 22 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Secondary Rocks? Why? Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of small pieces of pre-existing rock: Parent rock Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 23 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Secondary Rocks Sedimentary rock is formed through the deposition and consolidation and solidification of sediments transported by fluids—including: water (rivers, lakes, and oceans) ice (glaciers) wind Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 24 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Solid particles vs Chemical? Two types of sedimentary rocks based on the source of the sediments: 1. Solid particles from weathered rocks: o Detritus particles: • Sandstone = Particles of sand from other rocks • Shale = Mud Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 25 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Solid particles vs Chemical? Two types of sedimentary rocks based on the source of the sediments: 2. Chemical sedimentary rocks: o Dissolved material carried to lakes and oceans: • Limestone = Calcite precipitation (i.e. evaporation) Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 26 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Erosional Processes Erosional processes grind down rocks into fragments and into smaller individual mineral grains: This materials is: o Transported and sorted by fluids o Coarser and finer fractions are naturally separated by density Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 27 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Deposition Sedimentary rocks are generally deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils (plants and animals remains): Studies of sedimentary deposits reveal characteristics of the depositional environments at the time that the material accumulated This information can help tell the history of geologic events and climate change of an area Exploring Geosciences: B1-Geology: L2- Rocks and Minerals 28 Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks: Solid particles vs Chemical? Joyce McBeth, Michael Cuggy, Karla Panchuk, Tim Prokopiuk, Lyndsay Hauber, & Sean Lacey Introductory Physical Geology Laboratory Manual, First Canadian Edition, Version 2, January 2019. Exploring Geosciences:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geologic Storage Formation Classification: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States
    BEST PRACTICES for: Geologic Storage Formation Classification: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States First Edition Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed therein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Cover Photos—Credits for images shown on the cover are noted with the corresponding figures within this document. Geologic Storage Formation Classification: Understanding Its Importance and Impacts on CCS Opportunities in the United States September 2010 National Energy Technology Laboratory www.netl.doe.gov DOE/NETL-2010/1420 Table of Contents Table of Contents 5 Table of Contents Executive Summary ____________________________________________________________________________ 10 1.0 Introduction and Background
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Alaska’S Igneous Rocks
    Chapter 2 Alaska’s Igneous Rocks Resources • Alaska Department of Natural Resources, 2010, Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Geologic Materials Center website, accessed May 27, 2010, at http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/?link=gmc_overview&menu_link=gmc. • Alaska Resource Education: Alaska Resource Education website, accessed February 22, 2011, at http://www.akresource.org/. • Barton, K.E., Howell, D.G., and Vigil, J.F., 2003, The North America tapestry of time and terrain: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2781, 1 sheet. (Also available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2781/.) • Danaher, Hugh, 2006, Mineral identification project website, accessed May 27, 2010, at http://www.fremontica.com/minerals/. • Digital Library for Earth System Education, [n.d.], Find a resource—Bowens reaction series: Digital Library for Earth System Education website, accessed June 10, 2010, at http://www.dlese.org/library/query.do?q=Bowens%20reaction%20series&s=0. • Edwards, L.E., and Pojeta, J., Jr., 1997, Fossils, rocks, and time: U.S. Geological Survey website. (Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/contents.html.) • Garden Buildings Direct, 2010, Rocks and minerals: Garden Buildings Direct website, accessed June 4, 2010, at http://www.gardenbuildingsdirect.co.uk/Article/rocks-and- minerals. • Illinois State Museum, 2003, Geology online–GeoGallery: Illinois State Museum Society database, accessed May 27, 2010 at http://geologyonline.museum.state.il.us/geogallery/. • Knecht, Elizebeth, designer, Pearson, R.W., and Hermans, Majorie, eds., 1998, Alaska in maps—A thematic atlas: Alaska Geographic Society, 100 p. Lillie, R.J., 2005, Parks and plates—The geology of our National parks, monuments, and seashores: New York, W.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 7 Igneous Rocks IGNEOUS ROCKS
    Module 7 Igneous Rocks IGNEOUS ROCKS ▪ Igneous Rocks form by crystallization of molten rock material IGNEOUS ROCKS ▪ Igneous Rocks form by crystallization of molten rock material ▪ Molten rock material below Earth’s surface is called magma ▪ Molten rock material erupted above Earth’s surface is called lava ▪ The name changes because the composition of the molten material changes as it is erupted due to escape of volatile gases Rocks Cycle Consolidation Crystallization Rock Forming Minerals 1200ºC Olivine High Ca-rich Pyroxene Ca-Na-rich Amphibole Intermediate Na-Ca-rich Continuous branch Continuous Discontinuous branch Discontinuous Biotite Na-rich Plagioclase feldspar of liquid increases liquid of 2 Temperature decreases Temperature SiO Low K-feldspar Muscovite Quartz 700ºC BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES Rock Forming Minerals Olivine Ca-rich Pyroxene Ca-Na-rich Amphibole Na-Ca-rich Continuous branch Continuous Discontinuous branch Discontinuous Biotite Na-rich Plagioclase feldspar K-feldspar Muscovite Quartz BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES Rock Forming Minerals High Temperature Mineral Suite Olivine • Isolated Tetrahedra Structure • Iron, magnesium, silicon, oxygen • Bowen’s Discontinuous Series Augite • Single Chain Structure (Pyroxene) • Iron, magnesium, calcium, silicon, aluminium, oxygen • Bowen’s Discontinuos Series Calcium Feldspar • Framework Silicate Structure (Plagioclase) • Calcium, silicon, aluminium, oxygen • Bowen’s Continuous Series Rock Forming Minerals Intermediate Temperature Mineral Suite Hornblende • Double Chain Structure (Amphibole)
    [Show full text]
  • Petrographic Study of a Quartz Diorite Stock Near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona
    Petrographic study of a quartz diorite stock near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Puckett, James Carl, 1940- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 23:40:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554062 PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF A QUARTZ DIORITE STOCK NEAR SUPERIOR, PINAL COUNTY, ARIZONA by James Carl Puckett, Jr. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 0 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.
    [Show full text]
  • The Science Behind Volcanoes
    The Science Behind Volcanoes A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma chamber below the surface. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. A mid-oceanic ridge, for example the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has examples of volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has examples of volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. By contrast, volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust in the interiors of plates, e.g., in the East African Rift, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and the Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "Plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so- called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. Volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere or troposphere; however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the stratosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Tectonic Setting of the Kamloops Group, South
    GEOLOGY AND TECTONIC SETTING OF THE KAMLOOPS GROUP, SOUTH- CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA by THOMAS EDWARD EWING B.A., The Colorado College, 1975 M.S., New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1977 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Geological Sciences We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA February 1981 © Thomas Edward Ewing, 1981 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of r.pnlnpiVal Sri PTirp.S The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date February 17, 1981 ABSTRACT The Kamloops Group is a widespread assemblage of Eocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks in south-central British Columbia. Detailed mapping of the type area near Kamloops has resulted in its subdivision into two formations and thirteen formal and informal members. The Tranquille Formation, 0-450 metres thick, consists of lacustrine sediments which grade upward into pillowed flows, hyaloclastite breccia and aquagene tuff. The overlying Dewdrop Flats Formation, with nine members, consists of up to 1000 metres of basalt to andesite phreatic breccia, flow breccia and flat-lying flows.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Mania
    The Rock Factory A Pre-Visit Information Guide for Teachers Meets Next Generation Science Standards: 5-PS1-3; MS LS4-1,2; MS ESS1-4; MS-ESS2-1 How does our Earth create so many different types of rocks? Learn about the different processes that form and reform rocks as you identify many types of rocks, minerals and fossils. Students will learn to think like geologists as they move through interactive investigation stations packed with specimens from the Museum’s collections. OBJECTIVES The Rock Cycle: Students will examine the three types of rocks - igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary – and discover the processes that create them. Tracing the connections between shale and slate, limestone and marble, students will discover how the rock cycle changes the very ground beneath our feet! Characteristics of Rocks Students will learn how to observe and identify rocks through their unique characteristics, looking for telling clues such as layering, crystal size, fossils, magnetism, and more. Students will practice their observational skills as they describe the Museum’s unique rock and mineral specimens. Investigation Stations: Students will explore Museum geology specimens up close at investigation stations to answer such questions as: “Why do fossils form only in certain rocks?” “How do rocks form from volcanic eruptions?” “How can I recognize different types of rocks?”. ACTIVITIES Teachers are encouraged to conduct pre-visit and post-visit classroom discussions and activities with their classes to make the most of their experience. Encourage your students to start a classroom rock collection, and create an exhibit with the rocks organized by type – igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology, Geochemistry, and Mineral Resources of The
    GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE UPPER CAURA RIVER AREA, BOLIVAR STATE, VENEZUELA by Gary B. Sidder1 and Felix Martinez2 Open-File Report 90-231 1990 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Denver, Colorado 2CVG-TECMIN, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela TABLE OF CONTENTS 'age ABSTRACT..............................^ 1 INTRODUCTION......................... 2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY......................................................................................... 4 LOCAL GEOLOGY................................................................................................. 5 Description of Rock Units................................................................... 6 Structure................................................................................................... 8 GEOCHEMSTRY.............................................^ 9 Analytical Results................................................................................. 10 ECONOMC GEOLOGY................................. 21 REGIONAL CORRELATION.............................................................................. 22 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.................................................................... 23 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..........................................................................^ 26 REFERENCES CITED............................................................................................ 27 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1. Location map and geologic sketch
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Boulder Map of Campus Has Been Created As an Educational Educational an As Created Been Has Campus of Map Boulder Geologic The
    Adam Larsen, Kevin Ansdell and Tim Prokopiuk Tim and Ansdell Kevin Larsen, Adam What is Geology? Igneous Geo-walk ing of marine creatures when the limestone was deposited. It also contains by edited and Written Geology is the study of the Earth, from the highest mountains to the core of The root of “igneous” is from the Latin word ignis meaning fire. Outlined in red, numerous fossils including gastropods, brachiopods, receptaculita and rugose the planet, and has traditionally been divided into physical geology and his- this path takes you across campus looking at these ancient “fire” rocks, some coral. The best example of these are in the Geology Building where the stone torical geology. Physical geology concentrates on the materials that compose of which may have been formed at great depths in the Earth’s crust. Created was hand-picked for its fossil display. Campus of the Earth and the natural processes that take place within the earth to shape by the cooling of magma or lava, they can widely vary in both grain size and Granite is another common building stone used on campus. When compa- its surface. Historical geology focuses on Earth history from its fiery begin- mineral composition. This walk stops at examples showing this variety to help nies sell granite, they do not use the same classification system as geologists. nings to the present. Geology also explores the interactions between the you understand what the change in circumstances will do to the appearance Granite is sold in many different colours and mineral compositions that a Map Boulder Geologic lithosphere (the solid Earth), the atmosphere, the biosphere (plants, animals of the rock.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOLOGY of the SLEETMUTE A-5, A-6, B-5, and B-6 QUADRANGLES, SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA by John Decker, R.R
    GEOLOGY OF THE SLEETMUTE A-5, A-6, B-5, AND B-6 QUADRANGLES, SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA by John Decker, R.R. Reifenstuhl, M.S. Robinson, C.F. Waythomas, and J.G. Clough Professional Report 99 1995 Published by Alaska Department of State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources NATURAL DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS GEOLOGY OF THE SLEETMUTE A-5, Ad, B-5, AND B-6 QUADRANGLES, SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA by John Decker, R.R. Reifenstuhl, M.S. Robinson, C.F. Waythomas, and J.G. Clough Professional Report 99 Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Cover photo: Northwest-vergent isocline of veryfine-grained sandstone of the Lower(?) and Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group. The outcrop of medium- bedded sandstone is 1.5 miles west of Kiokluk Lake in the Sleetmute B-6 Quadrangle (map unit Kkm). The hammer handle in the photo is 46 cm Fairbanks, Alaska long. Photo by R.R. Reifenstuhl. 1995 STATE OF ALASKA Tony Knowles, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES John Shively, Commissioner DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS Milton A. Wiltse, Acting Director and State Geologist Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys publications may be in- spected at the following locations. Address mail orders to the Fairbanks office. Alaska Division of Geological University of Alaska Anchorage Library & Geophysical Surveys 321 1 Providence Drive 794 University Avenue, Suite 200 Anchorage, Alaska 99508 Fairbanks, Alaska 99709-3645 Elmer E. Rasmuson Library Alaska Resource Library University of Alaska Fairbanks 222 W. 7th Avenue Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-1005 Anchorage, Alaska 995 13-7589 Alaska State Library State Office Building, 8th Floor 333 Willoughby Avenue Juneau, Alaska 998 11-057 1 This publication released by the Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, text was produced and printed in Fairbanks, Alaska by Graphics North and maps were printed in Colorado Springs, Colorado by Pikes Peak Lithographing Co., at a cost of $9.50 per copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Volcanoes, Based on Recent Seismic Activity; There Are Over 200 Geological Young Volcanic Centres
    Volcanoes of Canada 1 V4 C.J. Hickson and M. Ulmi, Jan. 3, 2006 • Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics Where do volcanoes occur? Driving forces • Volcano chemistry and eruption types • Volcanic Hazards Pyroclastic flows and surges Lava flows Ash fall (tephra) Lahars/Debris Flows Debris Avalanches Volcanic Gases • Anatomy of an Eruption – Mt. St. Helens • Volcanoes of Canada Stikine volcanic belt Presentation Outline Anahim volcanic belt Wells Gray – Clearwater volcanic field 2 Garibaldi volcanic belt • USA volcanoes – Cascade Magmatic Arc V4 Volcanoes in Our Backyard Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics In Canada, British Columbia and Yukon are the host to a vast wealth of volcanic 3 landforms. V4 How many active volcanoes are there on Earth? • Erupting now about 20 • Each year 50-70 • Each decade about 160 • Historical eruptions about 550 Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics • Holocene eruptions (last 10,000 years) about 1500 Although none of Canada’s volcanoes are erupting now, they have been active as recently as a couple of 4 hundred years ago. V4 The Earth’s Beginning Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 5 V4 The Earth’s Beginning These global forces have created, mountain Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics ranges, continents and oceans. 6 V4 continental crust ic ocean crust mantle Where do volcanoes occur? Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 7 V4 Driving Forces: Moving Plates Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 8 V4 Driving Forces: Subduction Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 9 V4 Driving Forces: Hot Spots Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics 10 V4 Driving Forces: Rifting Global Volcanism and Plate tectonics Ocean plates moving apart create new crust.
    [Show full text]
  • Deadhorse Creek Rare Earth Property
    Deadhorse Creek Rare Earth Property Walsh and Grain Townships Thunder Bay Mining Division, Ontario 48° 51' 7.671" N, 86 39' 45.028" W NTS Mapsheet 42D and 42E Assessment Report Prepared for Canadian International Minerals Inc. Suite 950 – 789 West Pender Street Vancouver, B.C., V6C 1H2 Report Prepared by: 31 October, 2011 1 Contents 1 Contents 1 Contents .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Figures ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 3 Tables .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 4 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 6 Reliance on other experts ............................................................................................................................................... 6 7 Property description and location .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]