Sobre Las Nociones De Lengua Construida Y Lengua Artificial
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Why Esperanto?
Fiat Lingua Title: The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community Author: Adelina Solis MS Date: 01-12-2013 FL Date: 01-01-2013 FL Number: FL-000010-01 Citation: Solis, Adelina. 2013. “The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community.” FL-000010-01, Fiat Lingua, <http:// fiatlingua.org>. Web. 01 Jan. 2013. Copyright: © 2013 Adelina Solis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Fiat Lingua is produced and maintained by the Language Creation Society (LCS). For more information about the LCS, visit http://www.conlang.org/ The Contemporary Esperanto Speech Community by Adelina Mariflor Solís Montúfar 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1.1 Definitions 4 1.2 Political support for a universal language 5 1.3 A brief history of language invention 9 1.4 A brief history of Esperanto 14 1.5 The construction, structure, and dissemination of Esperanto 17 1.6 Esperanto and the culture question 24 1.7 Research Methods 29 Chapter 2: Who Speaks Esperanto? 34 2.1 Number and distribution of speakers 34 2.2 Gender distribution 47 Chapter 3: The Esperanto Speech Community 58 3.1 Terminology and definitions 58 3.2 Norms and Ideologies 65 3.3 Approach to language 70 Chapter 4: Why Esperanto? 81 4.1 Ideology-based reasons to speak Esperanto 83 4.2 Practical attractions to Esperanto 86 4.3 More than friendship 94 4.4 The congress effect 95 4.5 Esperanto for the blind 100 4.6 Unexpected benefits 102 Chapter 5: Esperantist Objectives 103 5.1 Attracting new speakers 103 5.2 Teaching Esperanto 107 Chapter 6: Conclusion 116 Works Cited 121 2 Chapter 1: Introduction When we think about invented languages, we may think of childhood games. -
The History of the Kingdom of Talossa
i THE HISTORY OF THE KINGDOM OF TALOSSA Volume I: The First Decade Copyright © 1992 Robert Madison All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. Toct i drepts reservats. Aucün pärts d'aceastâ püblicaziun non pût estarë reproduçat eda útvarpat dîn iñen formâ eda par iñen aválità, electronic eda mec'hänic, compris la fotocopiâ, la recordaziun, eda par iñen süstém da metrar és retaqar dallas înformaziuns, sânc el permiçál în escribînd del scriutéir. Robert Madison 2963 N. Prospect Avenue Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211-3345 Edited by Sir Iustì Canun, UrGP. ii À va Bäps, sânc qi toct d'acest tenadra estescù ualvieçâ likmente. To my Father, without whom all this would have been even more unlikely. iii Letter of Dedication from the Author The 9th of February 1994/XV This work is a history of the Kingdom of Talossa. Talossa is a community of people, most of whom live in or around Milwaukee's East Side, and who are engaged in what can only be described as fabled exploits--building an independent country (although we do reluctantly concede that we may not have attained very effective sovereignty). Talossans are having fun as Talossans by doing things which are reasonably similar to what other ("real") countries do, whether for reasons of tourist nostalgia, out of a lust for power, in pursuit of parody, or--yes--as nationbuilding. The hilarious pretence (or incipient subversion?) of having our own sovereign state on Milwaukee's East Side began on 26 December 1979, while I was in high school. -
Neutrality of International Languages*
Haitao Liu 37 Journal of Universal Language 7 September 2006, 37-64 Neutrality of International Languages* Haitao Liu Communication University of China Abstract This paper focuses on the neutrality of international languages. First, a derivation of the concept of “neutral language” from “inter- national communicative act” is provided; it is argued that an acceptable neutral language for international communication can only be an artificial language. Certain characterizations of consciously created languages are discussed. The paper distinguishes two types of neutrality: communicative neutrality and linguistic neutrality. All planned languages are communicatively neutral, but their linguistic neutrality varies, reflecting the diversity of language design principles. Given that absolute linguistic neutrality unattainable, it becomes reasonable to construct a language based on certain control languages plus linguistic universals. We introduce the term “deneutralization” to designate a process whereby a neutral language changes into an ordinary language. The paper also shows that Esperanto has not become deneutralized. Keywords: international language, neutrality, deneutralization, artificial language, planned language, universal language, Esperanto * I am grateful to Detlev Blanke for insightful discussion. I’d also like to thank Probal Dasgupta for providing detailed comments and correcting my English. 38 Neutrality of International Languages 1. Introduction Today English is already a global language (Crystal 1997), but many people still consider that it is not an ideal solution for international communication. Wright (2000: 246-247) mentions one reason for this in her book on the role of language in nation-state building and European integration: “They [artificial languages] are ideally suited to the role [of lingua franca] since they are not the languages of European nations of states. -
1 Constructed Language and Linguistic Theory Marc Van Oostendorp To
Constructed language and linguistic theory Marc van Oostendorp To appear in: Klaus Schubert (ed.) Planned language: From plan to reality. Association Belgique de Linguistique Appliquée, 2000. 0. Introduction ‘Natural language’ is arguably the most central concept within linguistic theory —it defines its object of study —, but it is hardly ever discussed outside the first pages of introductory textbooks. It is usually taken for granted that everybody knows what the label means, and that it can be applied to American English, Yidiny and Eastern Javanese, but not to tonal music, the programming language Prolog, or the languages of the Elves in the novels of J.R.R. Tolkien. Many interlinguists — those scholars concerned with the study of consciously planned languages meant for international communication — follow this line of reasoning to some extent, if they defend the validity of their interest in Esperanto (cf. Schubert 1989, Tonkin and Fettes 1996 for fairly recent overviews). They argue that Esperanto is markedly different from other planned languages, because it has been used in a much wider range of communicative situations, because it has become associated with a separate ‘Esperantist culture’, or because it is learnt by children as one of their native languages. For this reason, Esperanto would have started to differ from its competitors: it would be the only ‘language project’ that has succeeded in becoming a ‘real (natural) language’. This line of argumentation is examined in this article. I study the relevance of some planned or constructed languages other than Esperanto, viz. Interlingua, Ido, Europanto and Spocanian. These have been made up in slightly different ways, all serve different goals and different philosophies have guided the construction of their respective grammars. -
Cubierta NEOLOGISMOS 14/2/07 10:57 P Gina 1
Cubierta NEOLOGISMOS 14/2/07 10:57 P gina 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K COLECCIÓN COLECCIÓN Fundación Telefónica Fundación Telefónica Fundación Coord. RAMÓN SARMIENTO Y FERNANDO VILCHES Bajo el denominador común de Neologismos y sociedad del conocimiento, se recogen en este volumen análisis CONOCIMIENTO de muy distinta índole y desde diversas vertientes sobre CONOCIMIENTO las transformaciones que sufre la lengua española como DEL consecuencia de la evolución de las nuevas tecnologías. DEL Se constata que el español pugna, como el resto de las otras lenguas de primera línea, por asentarse dentro del fenómeno de la globalización, tendiendo, por una SOCIEDAD parte, hacia la extraterritorialidad (pérdida del dominio SOCIEDAD Y y control por parte del hablante nativo) y, por otra, hacia Y la internacionalización (afluencia de neologismos innecesarios). NEOLOGISMOS NEOLOGISMOS NEOLOGISMOS Y SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO Funciones de la lengua en 492708 Cuaderno la era de la globalización 3 Composici n Neologismos_Dos+dos 9/2/07 11:57 Página 1 Neologismos_Dos+dos 9/2/07 11:57 Página 2 Neologismos_Dos+dos 9/2/07 11:57 Página 3 NEOLOGISMOS Y SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO FUNCIONES DE LA LENGUA EN LA ERA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN Neologismos_Dos+dos 9/2/07 11:57 Página 4 Neologismos_Dos+dos 9/2/07 11:57 Página 5 NEOLOGISMOS Y SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO FUNCIONES DE LA LENGUA EN LA ERA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN Ramón Sarmiento y Fernando Vilches (coordinadores) COLECCIÓN Fundación Telefónica Neologismos_Dos+dos 9/2/07 11:57 Página 6 Esta obra ha sido editada por Ariel y Fundación Telefónica y en colaboración con Editorial Planeta,que no comparten necesariamente los contenidos expresados en ella.Dichos contenidos son responsabilidad exclusiva de sus autores. -
Chapter Two Planned Languages And
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Research Information System University of Turin CHAPTER TWO PLANNED LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE PLANNING: THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTERLINGUISTICS TO CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION FEDERICO GOBBO A new science is developing, Interlinguistics–that branch of the science of language which deals with the structure and basic ideas of all languages with the view to the establishing of a norm for interlanguages, i.e. auxiliary languages destined for oral and written use between people who cannot make themselves understood by means of their mother tongues. —Otto Jespersen (1931) Since the end of the 19th century up to the first half of the 20th century, the quest for “a norm for interlanguages” was a hotly debated issue among linguistic scholars and amateurs. In fact, about 1,000 language projects were proposed in that period, especially in Europe: the strongest effort for cross-cultural connection ever made (Albani-Buonarroti 1994). What can be inferred from it, in terms of language planning? Is there any relation or analogy between the issues encountered in natural language planning contexts (e.g. officialization, language revitalization, standardization) and interlanguage planning? Are there any general rules that can be deduced from the main historical developments of the above mentioned “quest”? Although Tauli (1968) considered interlinguistics as “the science of international language planning” (i.e. a branch of the science of language planning) very few linguists involved in language planning paid attention to interlinguistics until now. In this analysis of planned international language, the role of language amateurs will not be underestimated. -
LENGUAS ARTIFICIALES (Y CÓMO CONSTRUIRLAS) XX ESCUELA DE GRAMATICA ESPAÑOLA «EMILIO ALARCOS» Santander, 15-19 De Julio
LENGUAS ARTIFICIALES (Y CÓMO CONSTRUIRLAS) XX ESCUELA DE GRAMATICA ESPAÑOLA «EMILIO ALARCOS» Santander, 15-19 de julio Carmen Galán Rodríguez (Universidad de Extremadura) [email protected] I. ALGUNAS CONFUSIONES HUMANAMENTE BABÉLICAS -Lengua artificial ≠ lengua perfecta ≠ lengua universal -Naturaleza (Φυσις) / convención (νόµος) -Lengua primigenia ≠ gramática universal -Lengua artificial ≠ lengua auxiliar -Lengua utópica (distópica) / lengua artificial II. ¿PARA QUÉ (Y POR QUÉ) SE INVENTAN LENGUAS ARTIFICIALES? 1. Garantizar la transparencia, racionalidad y univocidad de la comunicación científica (lenguas filosóficas o a priori). Georges Dalgarno (1661); John Wilkins (1668). 2. Reconstruir en una lengua artificial la supuesta perfección de la primitiva lingua adamica. La perfección reside en la capacidad para reflejar especularmente la realidad, de forma que exista una correspondencia absoluta entre palabras y cosas. 3. Facilitar y garantizar el comercio y el intercambio de ideas en un espacio internacional sin fronteras, que no será otro que el mundo de la cultura occidental (lenguas a posteriori). 4. Otorgar visos de credibilidad a los argumentos situados en «otros mundos» (utopías; CF de corte humanista) o contactar con otros mundos en estados de trance: las lenguas alienígenas de Hélène Smith. 5. Tres nuevas «especies» humanas: conlangers, auxlangers y unilangers. III. TIPOS DE LENGUAS ARTIFICIALES 3.1 Las lenguas artificiales a priori: entre la razón filosófica y la ciencia ficción 3.1.1. La impronta teológico-mítica de la Biblia (las lenguas como imago mundi y el mito de la lengua adámica) 3.1.2. El descubrimiento de la lengua china 3.1.3. La depuración filosófica del lenguaje: pasigrafías y pasifrasías: Lodwick, A Common Writing (1647); Cave Beck, Universal Character (1657); An Essay Towards An Universal Alphabet (1686); G. -
In Praise of Fluffy Bunnies
In Praise of Fluffy Bunnies Copyright © 2012, Richard Forsyth. Background Reading John Lanchester's Whoops!, an entertaining account of how highly paid hotshot traders in a number of prestigious financial institutions brought the world to the brink of economic collapse, I was struck by the following sentence: "In an ideal world, one populated by vegetarians, Esperanto speakers and fluffy bunny wabbits, derivatives would be used for one thing only: reducing levels of risk." (Lanchester, 2010: 37). What struck me about this throwaway remark, apart from the obvious implication that derivatives were actually used to magnify risk rather than reducing it (doubtless by carnivores ignorant of Esperanto), was its presumption that right-thinking readers would take it for granted that Esperanto symbolizes well-meaning futility -- thus highlighting the author's status as a tough-minded realist. This is just one illustration that disdain for Esperanto in particular, and auxiliary languages in general, pervades intellectual circles in Britain today, as in many other countries. And if you dare to raise the subject of constructed international languages with a professional translator or interpreter be prepared not just for disdain but outright hostility. Of course professional interpreters are among the most linguistically gifted people on the planet, and can't see why the rest of us shouldn't become fluent in half a dozen natural languages in our spare time. (Not to mention the fact that a widespread adoption of Esperanto, or one of its competitors, would have a seriously negative impact on their opportunities for gainful employment.) Thus Esperanto has become a symbol of lost causes, to be dismissed out of hand by practical folk. -
Globish in Europe
LŐRINCZ JÁNOS ANDRÁS – DR. BRADEAN-EBINGER NELU GLOBISH IN EUROPE GROTIUS E-KÖNYVTÁR / 68. Table of contents 1. Introduction: Multilingualism in Europe ............................................................................................. 4 2. The languages of Europe: a general review ........................................................................................ 6 2.1. How many languages are there in Europe? .................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Languages and dialects ........................................................................................................... 7 3. The language skills of Europeans and the role of English in the EU: ............................................... 10 3.1 Programs for linguistic diversity ................................................................................................. 10 3.2. The Eurobarometer survey ......................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Most spoken mothertongues ................................................................................................. 11 3.2.2 Most spoken foreign languages ............................................................................................ 11 3.3 The role of English ...................................................................................................................... 13 4. Linguistic diversity in the EU and its implications for its institutions ............................................. -
World Building
TRANSMEDIA Boni (ed.) Transmedia, Fans, Industries Fans, Transmedia, World Building World Edited by Marta Boni World Building Transmedia, Fans, Industries World Building Transmedia: Participatory Culture and Media Convergence The book series Transmedia: Participatory Culture and Media Convergence provides a platform for cutting-edge research in the field of media studies, with a strong focus on the impact of digitization, globalization, and fan culture. The series is dedicated to publishing the highest-quality monographs (and exceptional edited collections) on the developing social, cultural, and economic practices surrounding media convergence and audience participation. The term ‘media convergence’ relates to the complex ways in which the production, distribution, and consumption of contemporary media are affected by digitization, while ‘participatory culture’ refers to the changing relationship between media producers and their audiences. Interdisciplinary by its very definition, the series will provide a publishing platform for international scholars doing new and critical research in relevant fields. While the main focus will be on contemporary media culture, the series is also open to research that focuses on the historical forebears of digital convergence culture, including histories of fandom, cross- and transmedia franchises, reception studies and audience ethnographies, and critical approaches to the culture industry and commodity culture. Series editors Dan Hassler-Forest, Utrecht University, the Netherlands Matt Hills, University -
CD Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies
1 Published in: “Language Problems & Language Planning”, LPLP (Amsterdam: Benjamins) 28(2003)2. Interlinguistics and Esperanto studies Paths to the scholarly literature Detlev Blanke Humboldt University Berlin A significant number of publications on interlinguistics and Esperanto studies would be improved if their authors had a more thorough knowledge of the significant scholarly literature. However, it is often difficult even for the specialist to find his or her way among current and older scholarly studies dealing with various aspects of planned languages ([“artificial”] world [auxiliary] languages). The current study is intended to facilitate access to the scholarly literature by drawing the reader’s attention to the myriad sources of material worthy of use by the researcher. Particularly included, in addition to monographs, are such sources as anthologies, Festschriften, conference proceedings, university dissertations, and planned-language periodicals both current and older. Especially valuable for up-to-date information are general and specialized interlinguistics bibliographies, bibliographically oriented bulletins, and periodically published international bibliographies with sections on interlinguistics. Yielding most information is the bibliography on modern languages and literatures published by the Modern Language Association (MLA) in New York, which registers the newest materials annually. Specialized libraries, more and more easily consulted on-line, provide large quantities of materials worthy of research. The Internet is playing a growing role in making literature in the field available. Scholarly literature in interlinguistics and Esperanto studies is steadily growing. Finding one’s way around it is increasingly difficult even for experienced researchers, especially if the goal is a literature search on specific problems. For those new to the field, the situation is particularly complicated if the goal is to produce something original. -
Toki Pona – Eine Minimalistische Plansprache 51
Beiheft 18 Berlin, November 2011 ISSN 1432-3567 Spracherfindung und ihre Ziele Beiträge der 20. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V., 26.-28. November 2010 in Berlin Herausgegeben von Sabine Fiedler Berlin 2011 Interlinguistische Informationen. Beiheft 18 (2011) Die GIL konzentriert ihre wissenschaftliche Arbeit vor allem auf Probleme der internationalen sprachlichen Kommunikation, der Plansprachenwissenschaft und der Esperantologie. ɔie Gesellschaft gibt das Bulletin „Interlinguistische Informationen“ (ISSN 1430-2888) heraus und informiert darin über die wichtigsten interlinguistischen und esperantologischen Aktivitäten und Neuerscheinungen international und in Deutschland. Im Rahmen ihrer Jahreshauptversammlungen führt sie Fachveranstaltungen zu interlinguistischen Problemen durch und veröffentlicht die Akten und andere Materialien. Vorstand der GIL 1. Vorsitzender: Dr. sc. Detlev Blanke 2. Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. habil. Sabine Fiedler Schatzmeister: Dipl.-Ing. Horst Jasmann Mitglied: Dr. habil. Cornelia Mannewitz Mitglied: PD Dr. Dr. Rudolf-Josef Fischer Berlin 2011 Herausgegeben von der „Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V.“ (GIL) Otto-Nagel-Str. 110, DE-12683 Berlin Tel.: +49-30-54 12 633, Fax : +49-30-54 98 16 38 [email protected] www.interlinguistik-gil.de © bei den Autoren der Beiträge ISSN: 1432-3567 ___________________________________________________________________ 2 Interlinguistische Informationen. Beiheft 18 (2011) Spracherfindung und ihre Ziele Beiträge der 20. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik