Mapping Migration from Transnistria Mapping Migration from Transnistria

RESEARCH SERIES: DIASPORA MAPPING, IV MAPPING MIGRATION FROM TRANSNISTRIA MAPPING MIGRATION FROM TRANSNISTRIA Author: Alla OSTAVNAIA, IOM consultant CHISINAU 2017 323.15(478-24):314.15 O-86 The analyses, findings, interpretaons and conclusions expressed in this publicaon are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon (IOM) and project partners. The designaons employed and the presentaon of material throughout the work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM, the European Commission and project partners concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authories, or concerning its froners and boundaries. IOM is commied to the principle that humane and orderly migraon benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organizaon, IOM acts with its partners in the internaonal community to: assist in meeng the operaonal challenges of migraon; advance understanding of migraon issues; encourage social and economic development through migraon; and uphold the human dignity and well- being of migrants. This publicaon was made possible through the financial support provided by the European Union, in the framework of the Project “Supporng the implementaon of the migraon and development component of the EU–Moldova Mobility Partnership and harnessing its benefits for the residents of the Transnistria Region of the Republic of Moldova” implemented by IOM Moldova. For the purposes of the present report, the term “diaspora from Transnistria” is to be understood as the community of people who were previously living in Transnistria and who are residing on the territory of foreign countries at the me of research. Neither IOM nor the authors of the present study aribute to the term of “diaspora from Transnistria” any disnct ethnic or linguisc connotaon or identy, the term referring solely to a previous territorial/geographic appurtenance/aribuon of a group of persons born or who previously resided in Transnistria. Internaonal academia uses the term “Diaspora” to “describe praccally any populaon that is considered "de-territorialized" or "transnaonal"– that is, which has originated in a land other than that in which it currently resides, and whose social, economic, and polical networks cross the borders of naon-states or, indeed, span the globe” (Steven Vertovec, Diaspora: A Journal of Transnaonal Studies Volume 6, Number 3, Winter 1997 pp. 277-299 | 10.1353/dsp.1997.0010). The designaons employed and the presentaon of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authories, or concerning its froners or boundaries. The acvies of the respecve project were implemented within the confidence building measures designed to facilitate the selement of the Transnistrian conflict by increasing confidence between Chisinau and Tiraspol through joint iniaves involving local authories, civil society organizaons and other stakeholders from both sides. None of the terms/definions employed in this document prejudges on the principled decision on the future status for Transnistria, to be adopted by the relevant actors under a comprehensive, peaceful selement of the Transnistrian conflict. Prepared by: Alla Ostavnaia, IOM Consultant Published by: Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naționale a Cărții: Ostavnaia, Alla. Mapping migraon from Transnistria / Alla Ostavnaia ; Intern. Organizaon for Migraon, Mission to Moldova (IOM), The UN Migraon Agency. – Chişinău : Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon, Mission to Moldova, 2017 (Tipogr. "Grafic Design"). – 178 p. : fig. color, tab. – (Research series: diaspora mapping, 4 ; ISBN 978-9975-4469-7-6). Bibliogr.: p. 154-159 (50 t.). – Referinţe bibliogr. în subsol. – Financial support by the European Union. – 200 ex. ISBN 978-9975-3187-4-7. 323.15(478-24):314.15 O-86 © 2017 Internaonal Organizaon for Migraon (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publicaon may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmied in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior wrien permission of the publisher. ISBN 978-9975-3187-4-7. TAB LE OF CONTENTS List of tables used ...........................................................................................4 List of figures used ..........................................................................................5 List of annexes.................................................................................................7 Foreword .........................................................................................................9 Chapter 1. Basis for research ........................................................................11 Chapter 2. Types of migraon from Transnistria .........................................16 Chapter 3. Migratory routes from Transnistria............................................42 Chapter 4. Adaptaon and integraon abroad for migrants originang from Transnistria ......................................................58 Chapter 5. Strategies of self-presentaon abroad of those originang from Transnistria ................................ ......................80 Chapter 6. Interacon abroad of those originang from Transnistria.. .......................................................................91 Chapter 7. State of diaspora from Transnistria........................... ...............100 Chapter 8. Return migraon to Transnistria..............................................115 Chapter 9. Remiances and investment potenal of diaspora from Transnistria .......................................................................130 Chapter 10. Migraon regulaons.............................................................141 Conclusions.................................................................................................152 Bibliography........................................... .....................................................154 Annexes ......................................................................................................160 3 LIST OF TABLES USED Number Title of the table Page 1 Methodology of research 13 2 Ethnic composion of Transnistria in different years 16 Ethnic composion of populaon from Transnistria, 3 17 according to the census of 1989, 2004 and 2015 Distribuon of the responses to the queson 4 69 „In which sector you are employed/what do you do?” Comparave analyses of financial income of the 5 131 populaon from Transnistria, mln. Transnistrian roubles 4 LIST OF FIGURES USED Number Title of figure Page 1 Distribuon of the responses to the queson ”Do you have 58 a residence permit in this country?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson ”Do you hold 2 59 the cizenship of the country where do you live now?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „Do you have 3 60 a work permit in this country?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „In your opinion, 4 what are the consequences of the Brish referendum on 64 exing the EU for migrants, originang from Transnistria?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „What do you think, the results of the Brish referendum on exing 5 64 the EU (BREXIT) will have an influence on your situaon as a migrant in Great Britain?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „In the event 6 that it will be impossible to live and work on the territory of 65 the Great Britain further, what are you going to do?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 7 66 „Who works at the enterprise, firm where you work?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 8 66 “Do you work according to your specialty?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 9 70 „Do you work above or below your qualificaon?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 10 „Have you had contacts in this country before your 91 departure? If yes, then with whom?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 11 94 „With whom you came to this country?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 12 „Do you have close relaves in this country? If yes, which of 95 your close relaves is with you in this country?”” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 13 96 “With whom you mainly communicate in your spare me?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson 14 „In what language do you mainly communicate with your 97 colleagues at work?” 5 LIST OF FIGURES USED Distribuon of the responses to the queson „In what language 15 do you mainly communicate with whomever you live in the 98 same household?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „In what language 16 do you mainly communicate with migrants originang from 98 Transnistria?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson “Why don't you 17 parcipate in the acvity of diaspora from Transnistria 104 organizaons?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „How oen 18 do you communicate with family members/friends from 115 Transnistria?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson “How do you 19 mainly communicate with the members of your family/ 116 friends from Transnistria?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson „Do you follow 20 polical, economic, social situaon in Transnistria? If yes, 117 which means do you use to follow the situaon in Transnistria?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson “How oen do 21 118 you visit Transnistria?” Distribuon of the responses to the queson “Have you visited 22 Transnistria since you have been in this country? If yes, what 119 are the main moves of

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