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Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014

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Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 Republic of Moldova of the Profile Migration Extended International Organization for Migration 36/1 Ciuflea St., Chisinau MD-2001, Republic of Moldova Ministry of Internal Affairs Tel: + 373 22 23-29-40; + 373 22 23-29-41; • Fax: + 373 22 23-28-62 of the Republic of Moldova E-mail: [email protected] • Internet: www.iom.md Bureau for Migration and Asylum Project funded by the European Union The analyses, findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect the opinions of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and project partners. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM, the European Commission and project partners concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers and boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human This publication has been produced within the project Supporting“ the implementation dignity and well-being of migrants. of the migration and development component of the EU–Moldova Mobility Partnership and harnessing its benefits for the residents of the Transnistria Region of the Republic This publication was made possible through the financial support provided by the European Union, ” funded by the European Union, and implemented by the International in the framework of the Project “Supporting the implementation of the migration and development of Moldova component of the EU–Moldova Mobility Partnership and harnessing its benefits for the residents of Organization for Migration, Mission to Moldova, in partnership with the Government of the Transnistria Region of the Republic of Moldova” implemented by IOM Moldova. the Republic of Moldova. Prepared by: Olga Poalelungi, Jana Mazur Bureau for Migration and Asylum of the Ministry of Internal of Affairs of the Republic of Moldova 124, Stefan cel Mare St. Chisinau, MD-2001 Republic of Moldova Tel.: + 373 22 27-69-02; + 373 22 26-56-05 Fax: + 373 22 27-22-03 E-mail: [email protected] The is made up of 28 Member States who have decided to gradually link Website: http://bma.gov.md European Union together their know-how, resources and destinies. Over a period of enlargement of 60 Maria Vremis, Viorica Craievschi-Toartă years, they have built a zone of stability, democracy and sustainable development whilst IOM Consultants maintaining cultural diversity, tolerance and individual freedoms. Publisher: International Organization for Migration, Mission to Moldova The European Union is committed to sharing its achievements and its values with countries 36/1 Ciuflea St. Chisinau, MD-2001 and peoples beyond its borders. Republic of Moldova Tel: + 373 22 23-29-40; + 373 22 23-29-41 The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. Fax: + 373 22 23-28-62 E-mail: [email protected] The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no Website: www.iom.md _____________________________________________________ way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. ISBN 978-92-9068-732-0 © 2017 International Organization for Migration (IOM) _____________________________________________________ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 102_16 Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 ANALYTICAL REPORT Chisinau, 2016 Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Moldova Bureau for Migration and Asylum Project funded by the European Union CONTENTS List of tables .......................................................................................iv List of figures ......................................................................................vi List of abbreviations ...........................................................................ix Introduction .......................................................................................xi Key data: Republic of Moldova ......................................................... xiii Executive summary ..............................................................................1 Part A: Migration Trends ......................................................................9 A.1. Background and main determining factors .............................................. 9 A.1.1. Push and pull factors of migration ............................................... 10 A.2. Current migration patterns .................................................................... 10 A.2.1. Flow of international migration of Moldovan citizens and stock of Moldovan citizens living abroad .................. 11 A.2.2. Resident population with foreign background.............................. 31 Part B: Impact of Migration ................................................................41 B.1. Migration and demographic development ............................................. 41 B.2. Migration and economic development .................................................. 44 B.3. Migration, employment and the labour market .................................... 48 B.3.1. Labour market features ................................................................ 48 B.3.2. Labour migration .......................................................................... 52 B.4. Migration and social development ......................................................... 53 B.5. Migration and Health .............................................................................. 56 Part C: Migration Management Framework .......................................59 C.1. Laws and regulations (national, regional and international levels) ........ 59 C.2. Institutional framework ......................................................................... 63 C.3. Policy framework .................................................................................... 66 C.4. Programme framework ........................................................................... 72 Part D: Key Findings, Policies’ Implications and Recommendations ....81 D.1. Main findings on migration and development nexus ............................. 81 D.2. Recommendations on migration management ...................................... 87 D.3. Recommendations on mainstreaming migration into development policies ...................................................................... 92 D.4. Recommendations on improving migration statistics and developing evidence-based policies ............................................... 93 Extended Migration Profile of the Republic of Moldova 2009–2014 iii Annex ................................................................................................97 Annex 1: Glossary of terms ............................................................................ 97 Annex 2: Statistical tables ............................................................................ 102 Annex 3: Institutional framework for policies on migration and asylum ..... 127 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Annual number of authorized emigrations by area of residence prior to departure, sex, age and country of destination, 2009–2014 (persons) ............................................................... 102 Table 2: Relative indicators of authorized emigration of Moldovan citizens, 2009–2014 (%) .............................................................. 103 Table 3: Annual number of authorized emigrations by education level and sex, 2012–2014 (persons) ................................................................. 103 Table 4: Annual number of children taken abroad by their parents (authorized emigration), 2009–2014 ............................................................... 104 Table 5: Number of Moldovan citizens who live abroad by sex, 2009–2014 ................. 104 Table 6: Number of Moldovan citizens abroad by duration of stay, sex and wide age groups (stock by the end of the year 2014)* ....................... 104 Table 7: Emigration of Moldovan citizens according to the international definition (persons staying abroad for a period of 12 months and more), by sex and age, 2009–2014 (persons) ........................................... 105 Table 8: Distribution of Moldovan citizens who left abroad to get settled permanently, by sex and county of destination (stock by the end of the year), 2009–2014 (persons) ...................................... 106 Table 9: Estimated number of Moldovan citizens staying abroad, according to the data from Moldovan diplomatic and consular missions in host countries, 2011–2014 (persons)* .......................................... 107 Table 10: Number of Moldovan citizens working abroad with legal work contracts, 2009–2014 ............................................................................. 107 Table 11: Number of Moldovan citizens
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