Health Workers Who Migrate from the Republic of Moldova to Work in Italy and Other European Union Countries

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Health Workers Who Migrate from the Republic of Moldova to Work in Italy and Other European Union Countries Republic of Moldova Health Policy Paper Series No. 17 HealtH workers wHo migrate from tHe republic of moldova to work in italy and otHer european union countries HealtH workers wHo migrate from tHe republic of moldova to work in italy and otHer european union countries key words INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION HEALTH MANPOWER — TRENDS HEALTH PERSONNEL MIGRANT WORKERS PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT PUBLIC HEALTH EUROPEAN UNION Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Tel.: +45 45 33 70 00; Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expres- sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are en- dorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information con- tained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. health workers WHO MIGRATE II FROM THE REPUBlIC oF MOLDoVa TO WORK In Italy anD other EuroPean UnIon CoUntrIes contents Acknowledgements ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������IV Abbreviations ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������VI Working definitions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������VII List of figures, tables and boxes ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������IX Abstract ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������XII Executive summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Introduction �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Methodology.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Findings ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Discussion �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Conclusions �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 Policy considerations...................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 1. Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9 2. Background ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 3. Methodology ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 3.1 Goals and structure of the study ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 16 3.2 Conceptual framework................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3 Methodology: qualitative components ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 3.4 Methodology: quantitative components �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 3.5 Ethics, quality control and limitations of the study ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 4. Findings ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 4.1 Qualitative study component: Italy ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 4.1.1 Summary ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 4.1.2 Detailed findings ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 4.2 Quantitative study component: Italy ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 4.2.1 Summary ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 4.2.2 Detailed findings ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 56 4.3 Discussion on quantitative and qualitative components: Italy �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 81 4.4 Qualitative study component: other recipient EU countries �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88 4.4.1 Summary ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88 4.4.2 Detailed findings ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
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