DOCSLIB.ORG

Mycological Society of America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mycological Society of America Mycological Society of America Agaricicolous Species of Hypomyces Author(s): Clark T. Rogerson and Gary J. Samuels Source: Mycologia, Vol. 86, No. 6 (Nov. - Dec., 1994), pp. 839-866 Published by: Mycological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3760597 Accessed: 15-12-2015 18:49 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Mycological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mycologia. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 147.8.31.43 on Tue, 15 Dec 2015 18:49:01 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Mycologia, 86(6), 1994, pp. 839-866. ? 1994, by The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 of Agaricicolous species Hypomyces Clark T. Rogerson phoraceous hosts are less restricted. The Russulaceae The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York J. P. Lotsy is the host family of preference for the 10458-5126 agaricicolous Hypomyces species, with teleomorphs of eight species found only on species of Lactarius or GaryJ. Samuels Russula. Hypomyces hyalinus is found only on Amanita USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab., Rm. Two are on viz. 304, B-011A, BARC-W, Beltsville, Maryland 20705- species. species brown-spored agarics, 2350 H. succineus on Pholiota sp., and H. tremellicola on Cre- pidotus spp.; and H. porphyreus is on the pink-spored Leptonia strigosissima. Hypomyces odoratus is the least Abstract: Thirteen species of Hypomyces occur on gilled specialized ofthe agaricicolous species. Its teleomorph fungi. Most are found on members ofthe Russulaceae; was previously known only in cultures of paired Eu? other hosts include Amanita spp., Crepidotus spp., Lep- ropean isolates of its anamorph, Cladobotryum myco- tonia strigosissima, and Pholiota sp. Anamorphs have philum, that were isolated from a variety of fungi. We been proven only for the four species, H. armeniacus have found perithecia in Puerto Rico and the United (Cladobotryum verticillatum), H. odoratus (C. mycophil? States on a polyporaceous basidiomycete. Hypomyces um), H. succineus (Verticillium succineum comb. nov.), armeniacus, better known in Europe as H. ochraceous and H. tremellicola (Verticillium sp.). Anamorphs have (but see below), begins developing on basidiomata of been putatively linked to H. lateritius (C. tulasnei), H. Russula or Lactarius, completely destroys the host and lithuanicus (C. arnoldii), andH. petchii (Verticillium sp.). grows away from it, then appears to be growing on Key Words: Agaricales, Cladobotryum, Hypocrea- the substratum of the actual host. Hypomyces lateritius ceae, Hypomyces, systematics, Verticillium and H. lithuanicus appear restricted to species of Lac? tarius. Hypomyces lithuanicus may be the most special? ized of the parasites, occurring only on species of the INTRODUCTION Lactarius torminosus (Schaeff.: Fr.) S. F. Gray complex, while other species may be restricted to either Lactarius This is the fourth in a series of publications of mono- or Russula but not to any species complex. In large graphic studies of Hypomyces (Fr.) L.-R. Tulasne (Hy? populations of Hypomyces lactifluorum where the host In earlier papers we have described the pocreales). can be determined with some confidence, the host has species that occur on discomycetes (Rogerson and proven to be Russula brevipes; but associated nonpar- Samuels, 1985), on boletes (Rogerson and Samuels, asitized hosts often belong to the Lactarius piperatus 1989), and on Aphyllophorales (Rogerson and Sam? complex. In our experience Hypomyces luteovirens oc? uels, 1993). As in these papers, we continue to place curs only on species of Russula. Peckiella (Sacc.) Sacc. and Apiocrea H. Sydow in syn? Basidiomata of agaric species that have been trans- onymy with Hypomyces. formed by their parasites, including H. hyalinus, H. Species of Hypomyces can be distributed along the lactifluorum, and H. macrosporus, are considered by some lines of their substrata, with most found on boletes, to be edible (Herrera and Guzman, 1961; Lincoff, 1981), agarics, or Aphyllophorales (including polypores and bearing in mind the possibility that the host itself may thelephores) and with little overlap among the broad be poisonous. Hypomyces lactifluorum and H. macros? substratum groups. Thirteen species are recognized porus are available in Mexican markets, where they may as occurring primarily on members of the Agaricales, be found mixed (Herrera and Guzman, 1961). including H lactifluorum, the type species ofthe genus. Species of Hypomyces that parasitize boletes (Rogerson and and Samuels, 1989; Helfer, 1991) agarics (Helfer, TELEOMORPH CHARACTERS 1991; and herewith) tend to be specific to host family All here have the essential features or genus, whereas most species found on aphyllo- species reported of Hypomyces, the Hypocreaceae and the Hypocreales (Barr, 1990; Hanlin, 1963,1964; Rogerson, 1970; Rog? Accepted for publication July 27, 1994. erson and Samuels, 1989; Samuels, 1973). Hypomyces is 839 This content downloaded from 147.8.31.43 on Tue, 15 Dec 2015 18:49:01 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 840 Mycologia most easily recognized by its basidiomycetous habitat, tegrity and the subiculum assumes a pseudoparenchy- fusiform, apiculate ascospores, and anamorphs. Per? matous, stromatic aspect. ithecia typically form in a light or brightly colored Among the agaricicolous species perithecial ontog? subiculum on the hymenium of agarics, boletes, or the eny has been described for H. lactifluorum (Hanlin, Aphyllophorales. 1963) and is consistent for the genus (see references The verrucose and apiculate ascospores (Figs. 1- in Rogerson and Samuels, 1993). There are variations 13) are unusual among the pyrenomycetes and are in the anatomy of the perithecial apex of the agari? thus highly diagnostic for Hypomyces. Four agaricico- cicolous species. In Hypomyces in general the perithe? lous species have unicellular ascospores (H. bannin- cial apex is formed of globose to somewhat elongated giae, H. lateritius, H. luteovirens, H. lithuanicus), and cells that are arranged in files (e.g., H. macrosporus, the ascospores of H. hyalinus are apiosporous with the Fig. 72; H. petchii, Fig. 98), the terminal cells of which septum in the lower third ofthe ascospore. Ascospores are more or less conspicuously clavate; the perithecial of H. banningiae, H. porphyreus, and H. tremellicola lack apex is not confluent with the surrounding subiculum. a conspicuous apiculus; rather their ends have a blunt However, in the perithecial apex of H. lateritius (Figs. appendage that is probably homologous with the apic? 48, 49), H. lithuanicus (Figs. 57, 58), and//. luteovirens ulus of other species. Ascospores of H. succineus are (Fig. 63) the arrangement of papillar cells into files is merely acute although the spines may appear as apiculi not obvious, and hyphae merge the papilla with the when in a terminal position. Ascospores of H. tremel? subiculum. Cells of the papilla of H. luteovirens are licola are also spinulose rather than warted and are arranged in files that separate from each other. neither apiculate nor acute. While the of are in agaricicolous species Hypomyces ANAMORPH CHARACTERS general morphologically, anatomically, and biologi- cally homogeneous, there are variations. Reaction of Only four of the agaricicolous species of Hypomyces subiculum and perithecia with 3% (aq.) potassium hy- have been linked unequivocally through ascospore cul? droxide (KOH) is characteristic of a species. In some tures to anamorphs, viz. H. aremniacus (Figs. 20-29), a pronounced violet to purple color forms (KOH+). H. odoratus (Figs. 76-83), H. succineus (Figs. 118- The subiculum and perithecial apex of H. lithuanicus 121), and H. tremellicola (Figs. 129-131). The ana? become reddish in KOH, but the color reaction could morphs of H. armeniacus and H. odoratus can be clas? be overlooked easily. In others no color change is sified in Cladobotryum sensu Rogerson and Samuels discernible (KOH?); but the natural color of their (1993). The conidiogenous cells of the Cladobotryum perithecia may intensify or fade. anamorphs lack periclinal thickening at the conidi? The subiculum of most species is initially of cottony ogenous locus suggesting holoblastic development; co? hyphae and remains cottony throughout development. nidia are held singly or in groups of a few at the tip Hyphae at the surface of the subiculum of H. luteo? of the condiogenous cell but are not aggregated in a virens, H. lateritius (Fig. 50), H. lithuanicus (FiG. 59), drop of liquid. The anamorphs of H. succineus and H. and H banningiae have many free ends; this feature tremellicola are Verticillium species. These Verticillium is conspicuous in microtome sections but also is easily anamorphs produce phialides that have periclinal seen in crush mounts. Cells of these hyphae often swell thickening at the tip, denoting enteroblastic conidial and the hyphae may appear to be somewhat monili? development, and a multiplicity of conidia held in a form. Distinctive moniliform hyphae of the subiculum drop of liquid
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
    United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum
    [Show full text]
  • SOMA News March 2011
    VOLUME 23 ISSUE 7 March 2011 SOMA IS AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEDICATED TO MYCOLOGY. WE ENCOURAGE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS BY SHARING OUR ENTHUSIASM THROUGH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND GUIDED FORAYS. WINTER/SPRING 2011 SPEAKER OF THE MONTH SEASON CALENDAR March Connie and Patrick March 17th » Meeting—7pm —“A Show and Tell”— Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: Connie Green & Patrick March 17th—7pm Hamilton Foray March. 19th » Salt Point April April 21st » Meeting—7pm Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: Langdon Cook Foray April 23rd » Salt Point May May 19th » Meeting—7pm Sonoma County Farm Bureau Speaker: Bob Cummings Foray May: Possible Morel Camping! eparated at birth but from the same litter Connie Green and Patrick Hamilton have S traveled (endured?) mushroom journeys together for almost two decades. They’ve been to the humid and hot jaguar jungles of Chiapas chasing tropical mushrooms and to EMERGENCY the cloud forests of the Sierra Madre for boletes and Indigo milky caps. In the cold and wet wilds of Alaska they hiked a spruce and hemlock forest trail to watch grizzly bears MUSHROOM tearing salmon bellies just a few yards away. POISONING IDENTIFICATION In the remote Queen Charlotte Islands their bush plane flew over “fields of golden chanterelles,” landed on the ocean, and then off into a zany Zodiac for a ride over a cold After seeking medical attention, contact and roiling sea alongside some low flying puffins to the World Heritage Site of Ninstints. Darvin DeShazer for identification at The two of them have gazed at glaciers and berry picked on muskeg bogs. More than a (707) 829-0596.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi
    A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF ARIZONA MACROFUNGI Scott T. Bates School of Life Sciences Arizona State University PO Box 874601 Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 ABSTRACT A checklist of 1290 species of nonlichenized ascomycetaceous, basidiomycetaceous, and zygomycetaceous macrofungi is presented for the state of Arizona. The checklist was compiled from records of Arizona fungi in scientific publications or herbarium databases. Additional records were obtained from a physical search of herbarium specimens in the University of Arizona’s Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium and of the author’s personal herbarium. This publication represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Arizona. In all probability, the checklist is far from complete as new species await discovery and some of the species listed are in need of taxonomic revision. The data presented here serve as a baseline for future studies related to fungal biodiversity in Arizona and can contribute to state or national inventories of biota. INTRODUCTION Arizona is a state noted for the diversity of its biotic communities (Brown 1994). Boreal forests found at high altitudes, the ‘Sky Islands’ prevalent in the southern parts of the state, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests that are widespread in Arizona, all provide rich habitats that sustain numerous species of macrofungi. Even xeric biomes, such as desertscrub and semidesert- grasslands, support a unique mycota, which include rare species such as Itajahya galericulata A. Møller (Long & Stouffer 1943b, Fig. 2c). Although checklists for some groups of fungi present in the state have been published previously (e.g., Gilbertson & Budington 1970, Gilbertson et al. 1974, Gilbertson & Bigelow 1998, Fogel & States 2002), this checklist represents the first comprehensive listing of all macrofungi in the kingdom Eumycota (Fungi) that are known from Arizona.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016
    Species List for Arizona Mushroom Society White Mountains Foray August 11-13, 2016 **Agaricus sylvicola grp (woodland Agaricus, possibly A. chionodermus, slight yellowing, no bulb, almond odor) Agaricus semotus Albatrellus ovinus (orange brown frequently cracked cap, white pores) **Albatrellus sp. (smooth gray cap, tiny white pores) **Amanita muscaria supsp. flavivolvata (red cap with yellow warts) **Amanita muscaria var. guessowii aka Amanita chrysoblema (yellow cap with white warts) **Amanita “stannea” (tin cap grisette) **Amanita fulva grp.(tawny grisette, possibly A. “nishidae”) **Amanita gemmata grp. Amanita pantherina multisquamosa **Amanita rubescens grp. (all parts reddening) **Amanita section Amanita (ring and bulb, orange staining volval sac) Amanita section Caesare (prov. name Amanita cochiseana) Amanita section Lepidella (limbatulae) **Amanita section Vaginatae (golden grisette) Amanita umbrinolenta grp. (slender, ringed cap grisette) **Armillaria solidipes (honey mushroom) Artomyces pyxidatus (whitish coral on wood with crown tips) *Ascomycota (tiny, grayish/white granular cups on wood) **Auricularia Americana (wood ear) Auriscalpium vulgare Bisporella citrina (bright yellow cups on wood) Boletus barrowsii (white king bolete) Boletus edulis group Boletus rubriceps (red king bolete) Calyptella capula (white fairy lanterns on wood) **Cantharellus sp. (pink tinge to cap, possibly C. roseocanus) **Catathelesma imperiale Chalciporus piperatus Clavariadelphus ligula Clitocybe flavida aka Lepista flavida **Coltrichia sp. Coprinellus
    [Show full text]
  • Color Plates
    Color Plates Plate 1 (a) Lethal Yellowing on Coconut Palm caused by a Phytoplasma Pathogen. (b, c) Tulip Break on Tulip caused by Lily Latent Mosaic Virus. (d, e) Ringspot on Vanda Orchid caused by Vanda Ringspot Virus R.K. Horst, Westcott’s Plant Disease Handbook, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2141-8, 701 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 702 Color Plates Plate 2 (a, b) Rust on Rose caused by Phragmidium mucronatum.(c) Cedar-Apple Rust on Apple caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Color Plates 703 Plate 3 (a) Cedar-Apple Rust on Cedar caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi.(b) Stunt on Chrysanthemum caused by Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid. Var. Dark Pink Orchid Queen 704 Color Plates Plate 4 (a) Green Flowers on Chrysanthemum caused by Aster Yellows Phytoplasma. (b) Phyllody on Hydrangea caused by a Phytoplasma Pathogen Color Plates 705 Plate 5 (a, b) Mosaic on Rose caused by Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus. (c) Foliar Symptoms on Chrysanthemum (Variety Bonnie Jean) caused by (clockwise from upper left) Chrysanthemum Chlorotic Mottle Viroid, Healthy Leaf, Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid, Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid, and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (Mild Strain) 706 Color Plates Plate 6 (a) Bacterial Leaf Rot on Dieffenbachia caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi.(b) Bacterial Leaf Rot on Philodendron caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi Color Plates 707 Plate 7 (a) Common Leafspot on Boston Ivy caused by Guignardia bidwellii.(b) Crown Gall on Chrysanthemum caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 708 Color Plates Plate 8 (a) Ringspot on Tomato Fruit caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus. (b, c) Powdery Mildew on Rose caused by Podosphaera pannosa Color Plates 709 Plate 9 (a) Late Blight on Potato caused by Phytophthora infestans.(b) Powdery Mildew on Begonia caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum.(c) Mosaic on Squash caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus 710 Color Plates Plate 10 (a) Dollar Spot on Turf caused by Sclerotinia homeocarpa.(b) Copper Injury on Rose caused by sprays containing Copper.
    [Show full text]
  • MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
    MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall 2012 Species List Annex October 2012 Lummi Island Foray Species List
    MushRumors The Newsletter of the Northwest Mushroomers Association Volume 23, Issue 2 Summer - Fall, 2012 Record 88 Days Without Measurable Precipitation Defines Northwest Washington’s 2012 Mushroom Season As June had faded into the first week of July, after a second consecutive year of far above average rainfall, no one could have anticipated that by the end of the second week of July we would see virtually no more rain until October 13th, only days before the Northwest Mushroomer’s Association annual Fall Mushroom Show. The early part of the season had offered up bumper crops of the prince (Agaricus augustus), and, a bit later, similar Photo by Jack Waytz quantities of the sulphur shelf (Laetiporus coniferarum). There were also some anomalous fruitings, which seemed completely inexplicable, such as matsutake mushrooms found in June and an exquisite fruiting of Boletus edulis var. grand edulis in Mt. Vernon at the end of the first week of July, under birch, (Pictured on page 2 of this letter) and Erin Moore ran across the king at the Nooksack in Deming, under western hemlock! As was the case last year, there was a very robust fruiting of lobster mushrooms in advance of the rains. It would seem that they need little, or no moisture at all, to have significant flushes. Apparently, a combination of other conditions, which remain hidden from the 3 princes, 3 pounds! mushroom hunters, herald their awakening. The effects of the sudden drought were predictably profound on the mycological landscape. I ventured out to Baker Lake on September 30th, and to my dismay, the luxuriant carpet of moss which normally supports a myriad of Photo by Jack Waytz species had the feel of astro turf, and I found not a single mushroom there, of any species.
    [Show full text]
  • Big South Fork National River & Recreation Area Species List
    Big South Fork National River & Recreation Area Species List Place cursor over cells with red By Cumberland Mycological Society, Crossville, TN triangles to view pictures Click underlined x's for photo links and/or comments click on underlined species for web links to details about those species Scientific name common names (if applicable) Sep-14 Edibility Notes* Akanthomyces aculeatus none x no information Amanita abrupta "Abrupt-bulbed Lepidella" x unknown and possibly poisonous Amanita americrocea syn. Amanitopsis crocea “Orange Grisette” x edible -with extreme caution!! Amanita amerifulva [often called 'Amanita fulva' -a European species] “Tawny Grisette” x edible -with extreme caution!! Amanita amerirubescens "Blusher" x edible -with extreme caution!! Amanita banningiana "Mary Banning's Slender Caesar" x no information Amanita bisporigera = A. virosa sensu auct. amer. (Ref. RET) "Destroying Angel" x deadly poisonous! Amanita brunnescens “Cleft foot-Amanita” x possibly poisonous Amanita citrina sensu auct. amer. "Citron Amanita," "False Death Cap" x possibly poisonous Amanita flavoconia “Yellow Patches" x possibly poisonous Amanita multisquamosa syn. A. pantherina, var. multisquamosa "Panther" x poisonous Armillaria caligata var. glaucescens none x edible, but most often bitter and smelly Austroboletus gracilis var. gracilis syn. Tylopilus gracilis “Graceful Bolete” x edible Boletus longicurvipes none x edible Boletus pallidus "Pale Bolete" x edible Callistosporium purpureomarginatum none x unknown Calostoma lutescens "Yellow Calostoma" x inedible Cantharellus appalachiensis "Appalachian Chanterelle" x edible Cantharellus "cibarius" "Golden Chanterelle" x choice edible -with caution Cantharellus cinnabarinus “Cinnabar Chanterelle” x edible and good Chrysomphalina chrysophylla syn. Gerronema chrysophylla "Golden-gilled Gerronema" x unknown Clitocybe subconnexa syn. Clitopilus caespitosus "Clustered Clitocybe" x not recommended Coltricia cinnamomea syn.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Distinguish Amanita Smithiana from Matsutake and Catathelasma Species
    VOLUME 57: 1 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2017 www.namyco.org How to Distinguish Amanita smithiana from Matsutake and Catathelasma species By Michael W. Beug: Chair, NAMA Toxicology Committee A recent rash of mushroom poisonings involving liver failure in Oregon prompted Michael Beug to issue the following photos and information on distinguishing the differences between the toxic Amanita smithiana and edible Matsutake and Catathelasma. Distinguishing the choice edible Amanita smithiana Amanita smithiana Matsutake (Tricholoma magnivelare) from the highly poisonous Amanita smithiana is best done by laying the stipe (stem) of the mushroom in the palm of your hand and then squeezing down on the stipe with your thumb, applying as much pressure as you can. Amanita smithiana is very firm but if you squeeze hard, the stipe will shatter. Matsutake The stipe of the Matsutake is much denser and will not shatter (unless it is riddled with insect larvae and is no longer in good edible condition). There are other important differences. The flesh of Matsutake peels or shreds like string cheese. Also, the stipe of the Matsutake is widest near the gills Matsutake and tapers gradually to a point while the stipe of Amanita smithiana tends to be bulbous and is usually widest right at ground level. The partial veil and ring of a Matsutake is membranous while the partial veil and ring of Amanita smithiana is powdery and readily flocculates into small pieces (often disappearing entirely). For most people the difference in odor is very distinctive. Most collections of Amanita smithiana have a bleach-like odor while Matsutake has a distinctive smell of old gym socks and cinnamon redhots (however, not all people can distinguish the odors).
    [Show full text]
  • Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin Name Comment Habitat Edibility
    Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin name Comment Habitat Edibility L S 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 90 Abortiporus biennis Blushing rosette On ground from buried hardwood Unknown O06 O V Agaricus albolutescens Amber-staining Agaricus On ground in woods Choice, disagrees with some D06 N N Agaricus arvensis Horse mushroom In grassy places Choice, disagrees with some D06 N F FV V FV V V N Agaricus augustus The prince Under trees in disturbed soil Choice, disagrees with some D06 N V FV FV FV FV V V V FV N Agaricus bernardii Salt-loving Agaricus In sandy soil often near beaches Choice D06 N Agaricus bisporus Button mushroom, was A. brunnescens Cultivated, and as escapee Edible D06 N F N Agaricus bitorquis Sidewalk mushroom In hard packed, disturbed soil Edible D06 N F N Agaricus brunnescens (old name) now A. bisporus D06 F N Agaricus campestris Meadow mushroom In meadows, pastures Choice D06 N V FV F V F FV N Agaricus comtulus Small slender agaricus In grassy places Not recommended D06 N V FV N Agaricus diminutivus group Diminutive agariicus, many similar species On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus dulcidulus Diminutive agaric, in diminitivus group On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed agaricus In needle duff and among twigs Poisonous to many D06 N V V F N Agaricus integer In grassy places often with moss Edible D06 N V Agaricus meleagris (old name) now A moelleri or A.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Mycology
    '13 - CT86-h v. 3 i 88 7 W. G. FARLOW. / X THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY, EDITED BY W. A.. KELLERMAN, Ph- D., PROFESSOR IX THE KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MANHATTAN, KANSAS. J. B. BBIvIS, Newfield, N. J. - AND - B. M. EVERHART, West Chester, Pa. Volume III, 1887. MANHATTAN, KANSAS. JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY. Vol. III. MANHATTAN. KANSAS, JANUARY. 1887. No. 1. SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN HYPO- CREACEAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES. UY J. B. EDDIS AND B. M. EVEKHART. (Concluded.) Gen. X. Lasionectria, Sacc.—Perithecia hairy. 145. Lasionectria poliosa, E. & E. Parasitic on Diatrype platys- toma, Schw., Florida, January, 1886. VV. W. Calkins, No. 138. Journ. Mycol. II, p. 39. Perithecia scattered, membranaceous, orange red, ovate-globose, one sixth millim. in diam., sparsely clothed, except the papilliform ostiolum, with straight, spreading, hyaline, septate, glandular hairs, about equal in length to half the diameter of the perithecia ; asci sessile, oblong-cylin¬ drical, about 75 x 12 !>-; sporidia biseriate, oblong or subfusiform-oblong and subinequilateral, hyaline, uniseptate and slightly constricted at the septum, containing several nuclei irregularly placed, 18—22x 7—8 ends rounded or subacute. The hairs which clothe the perithecia are at first about seven !l thick, with the ends obtuse and a little swollen, but at length they become elongated and attenuated above. This must be nearly allied to N. teplirothele, Berk., but in the description of that species the perithecia are not described as hairy. 146. Lasionectria lasioderma (Ell.) Am. Nat., February, 1886, p. 194. Parasitic on old Valsa lutescens, Ell., on dead limbs of Quercus coccineci, lying on the ground, Newfield, N.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Status of the Family Russulaceae in the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India
    Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/4/12 The current status of the family Russulaceae in the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India Joshi S1*, Bhatt RP1, and Stephenson SL2 1Departmet of Botany and Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246 174, India – [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA – [email protected] Joshi S, Bhatt RP, Stephenson SL 2012 – The current status of the family Russulaceae in the Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Mycosphere 3(4), 486–501, Doi 10.5943 /mycosphere/3/4/12 The checklist provided herein represents a current assessment of what is known about the ectomycorrizal family Russulaceae from the Uttarakhand Himalaya. The checklist includes 105 taxa, 55 of which belong to the genus Lactarius Pers. ex S.F. Gray and 50 are members of the genus Russula Pers. ex S.F. Gray. Eleven of the species of Lactarius (listed as Lactarius sp. 1 to 11 in the checklist) are apparently new to science and have yet to be formally described. Key words – Ectomycorrhizal fungi – Himalayan Mountains – Lactarius – Russula – Taxonomy Article Information Received 24 July 2012 Accepted 31 July 2012 Published online 28 August 2012 *Corresponding author: Sweta Joshi – e-mail – [email protected] Introduction crucial niche relationships of the various The family Russulaceae is one of the elements that make up the forest biota, largest ectomycorrhizal families in the order including the macrofungi themselves. The Agaricales. The family was established by large gap that exists with respect to our Roze (1876) as the Russulariees (non.
    [Show full text]