A Publication of The American Physiological Society The Physiologist

Volume 44, Number 1 February 2001 Personal Reflections on the “Animal-Rights” Phenomenon Adrian R. Morrison, University of Pennsylvania Personal Attention greatly: he was abandoned by all but a few of us; The phone rang on Sunday morning, January he used up his personal savings defending him- 15, 1990 while I was sitting on my living room self; and he was without a job for six years. couch completing a paper on the use of animals Ultimately, he triumphed. Because court battles Inside in biomedical research for a symposium spon- kept the animals alive for several years beyond sored by the American Association for the the purposes of the original experiments, record- Council Meets Advancement of Science. The Associated Press ings from the cerebral cortex (when they were p. 3 had called to get my reaction to the news that the eventually released by the court for a four-hour Animal Liberation Front (ALF) had broken into recording session prior to euthanasia) revealed a my laboratory. My heart sank as I thought: “They degree of reorganization in the brain in adult New Members Only finally got me.” monkeys that was unexpected (24). Furthermore, Section of APS The raid focused on my office, which they Taub and his colleagues have demonstrated that Website trashed while ransacking my files. I learned later stroke victims can be trained to use an arm ren- p. 16 that someone wanted evidence the government dered “useless” by a stroke (132, 38). This is was paying me to defend biomedical research. accomplished by forcing the patient to employ They were wrong. the affected limb for various tasks by restraining APS Collaborates I was shocked but not surprised—indeed, sur- the normal one. Taub had come to this idea with With Project WISE prised that I was so shocked. The animal rightists his studies in monkeys that had demonstrated p. 17 had good reason to be angry with me so I knew I that they could be trained to use the affected arm was vulnerable. Nevertheless, nothing prepared without sensory feedback following section of me for the media barrage [including a grossly the dorsal roots. EB 2001 Program distorted article featuring me in The Village Certainly, PETA had noticed my involvement p. 26 Voice (26) later sent by People for the Ethical in the Taub case. For example, they included a Treatment of Animals (PETA) to all in my com- newspaper’s quote of my rejection of the idea munity], hate mail and death threats over the that researchers are sadists in a cleverly edited NIH Gets 14% telephone during the following days, weeks, and half-hour video made from 60 hours of tapes the Increase months. ALF allegedly handed them after they raided the p. 37 It all began long before, of course. Probably Head Injury Research Laboratory of the the germ of an idea seeded itself in 1981 when I University of Pennsylvania’s School of Medicine began to defend a neuroscientist, Dr. Edward in 1984. PETA grossly distorted the case for its NIH Increases Taub of Silver Spring, Maryland, from trumped- own benefit. Responsible scientists and veteri- Training Stipends up charges he had treated his monkeys with de- narians were in honest disagreement over the p. 38 afferented limbs cruelly (18). Taub suffered actual conditions of the baboons used during the Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44:1 (2001), 62-75. experiments. Even the executive director of the © The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reprinted with Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press. (continued on page 7)

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 1 Published bimonthly and distributed by The American The Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 Physiologist ISSN 0031-9376 Gerald F. DiBona Volume 44 Number 1 February 2001 President Walter F. Boron Past President John E. Hall Contents President-Elect Martin Frank Editor and Executive Director Personal Reflections on the NIH Increases Training Stipends 38 Councillors “Animal-Rights” Phenomenon Outgoing Administration Pursues Hannah V. Carey, William W. Chin, Adrian J. Morrison 1 Research Ethics Initiatives 39 Douglas C. Eaton, Steven C. Hebert, 107th Congress Faces Phyllis M. Wise, Jo Rae Wright Council Meets in Scottsdale 3 Organizational Hurdles 40 Task Force Reports 4 Ex Officio NIH Notices: Protocol Review Dale J. Benos, Membership Procedures and Animal Care Mordecai P. Blaustein, Policy Materials 41 Robert G. Carroll, New Regular Members 14 President Signs Chimpanzee Judith A. Neubauer, Celia D. Sladek Accepted Student Applicants 14 Retirement Law 41 New Members Only Section of the Porter Donates Campaign Funds Publications Committee: Chairman: APS Web Site 16 to Endow Research Chair 41 Dale J. Benos; Members:David H. Alpers, R. Davis Manning, Jr., Education Activist Organizations Continue Richard A. Murphy, James A. Schafer. APS Collaborates with to Grow 42 Director of Publications: Margaret UC-Berkeley’s Project WISE to “Communicating About Science”: Reich. Design and Copy Editor: Joelle R. Grossnickle. Develop Interactive, Web-based EB Public Affairs Symposium 42 Subscriptions: Distributed to mem- Science Activities 17 bers as part of their membership. APS Participates in NABT 2000 Positions Available 43 Nonmembers in the USA: individuals Conference 18 $45.00; institutions $70.00. Nonmembers in Canada and Mexico: APS Seeks Higher Education Book Reviews 50 individuals $50.00; institutions Programs Coordinator 18 $75.00. Nonmembers elsewhere: indi- Explorations in Biomedicine 52 viduals $55.00; institutions $80.00. Books Received Single copies and back issues when Funded for Five Years 19 available, $15.00 each; single copies Obituary and back issues of Abstracts issues ACDP News when available, $25.00. Subscribers to Donald J. Reis 53 Johnson Receives ACDP The Physiologist also receive abstracts of the Conferences of the American Distinguished Service Award 20 Physiological Society. People & Places 55 The American Physiological Society APS Conferences 24 assumes no responsibility for the Announcements 57 statements and opinions advanced by Experimental Biology contributors to The Physiologist. Deadline for submission of material Distinguished Lectures 26 Scientific Meetings for publication: Jan. 10, February Program 28 and Congresses 58 issue; March 10, April issue; May 10, Poster Sessions 33 June issue; July 10, August issue; Special Functions 35 Sept. 10, October issue; Nov. 10, APS Membership December issue. Public Affairs Application 59 Please notify the central office as soon as possible if you change your 106th Congress Grants NIH 14% Corrigenda: address or telephone number. Increase 37 The APS apologizes for incorrectly Headquarters phone: 301-530-7164. NIH to Create New Bioimaging identifying the person in the top-right Fax: 301-571-8305. Institute 37 photograph on page 470, Volume 43, #6 http://www.the-aps.org Congress Provides a 9% Increase of The Physiologist. The person shown Printed in the USA for VA Medical Research 38 is Oliver Smithies. 2 The Physiologist Council Meets in Scottsdale

Council Meets in Scottsdale

The APS fall Council meeting was held in Scottsdale, Arizona, at the Regal McCormick Ranch on November 18- 20, 2000. During the meeting, several new ini- tiatives were approved in an effort to continue to provide the Society’s mem- bership with ongoing opportunities. With respect to publications, Council approved providing the APS online col- lection (now available for $49.50) free to all members in good standing, including students, as of January 2002. This will enable members to have access to the online journal collection at home and on the road. This is an espe- cially welcome member benefit for APS Council in Scottsdale: Back row (left to right): Dale Benos, Jo Rae Wright, Steven overseas members who will have access Hebert, Gerald DiBona, John Hall, Doug Eaton, Hannah Carey, Barb Goodman, Mordecai Blaustein. Front row (left to right) Walter Boron, Phyllis Wise, William Chin, to the current journal issues more Celia Sladek, Curt Sigmund (for Judith Neubauer). quickly. Also approved was the recom- mendation of the Publications Dale J. Benos, Publications Committee new members-only area of the APS web Committee to bundle all of the review Chair), a Task Force on Communica- site. In that area, members will be able articles from the various journals at one tions/Public Information (chaired by to update their membership informa- location on the HighWire website. This Hannah V. Carey, APS Councillor), a tion, including address and sectional will allow readers to go to one site and Physiological Genomics Task Force affiliation, pay dues and subscriptions, see all the review articles that were pub- (chaired by William J. Chin, APS search the member database for other lished in all the APS journals rather than Councillor), and a Translational members in their field or locale, modify having to go to each individual journal. Research Task Force (chaired by Steven which listservs they are subscribed to, The 2000 Strategic Plan had called C. Hebert, APS Councillor, and John and access the APS bulletin boards and for a new conference series on physio- E. Hall, APS President-elect). Council chat rooms. logical genomics. Curt Sigmund and received preliminary reports from these Council continued to be impressed Craig Gelband are organizing the first task forces at the fall meeting (see com- with the efforts of the International of these new conferences, which will be panion report, p. 4). A new task force, Physiology Committee. The Latin entitled “Physiological Genomics of the Task Force on Sections and Groups, American Initiative is a new program Cardiovascular Disease.” A tentative is currently being assembled. Former initiated by the Committee this past date of February 21-23, 2002 has been Section Advisory Committee Chair, year. The first full round of applications set, with a tentative location of San Richard J. Traystman, has agreed to were received this fall for consideration. Francisco, CA. Council reiterated its serve as Chair of the Task Force. Other Council approved the funding of four determination to make this new confer- Task Forces in the planning stages are a proposals for courses or symposia. ence series a high-quality and exciting Task Force on Awards and a Task Force These are 1) a course on “Molecular venue for the dissemination of informa- on APS Foundation/Fund Raising. Modeling of Macromolecules,” hosted tion on the fast growing field of physio- These will be assembled later in 2001. by the Institute of Biotechnology, logical genomics. Future conferences The new procedures enacted last fall Universidad Autonoma of Mexico will focus on other organ systems and with regard to processing membership (UNAM), Mexico, organized by Mario the effect of physiological genomics on applications on a monthly basis have Amzel, Johns Hopkins University; 2) a that particular field. been proceeding very well and have symposium on “Stressor-Induced Another outcome of the 2000 been met with enthusiasm and appreci- Alterations in Sleep,” hosted by Strategic Plan was the establishment in ation from potential members. Another Department of Psychobiology, 2000 of the first four task forces: a new benefit for members will begin in Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Journal Pricing Task Force (chaired by January 2001 with the initiation of a (continued on page 4)

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 3 Council Meets in Scottsdale

(continued from page 3) deadline for application proposals for according to different investment Brazil, organized by Mark R. Opp, the Latin American Initiative be philosophies. Pooling the Society’s University of Texas Medical Branch at changed from August 1 to March 1, long-term investments will spread the Galveston; 3) a workshop on which will allow the Committee to dis- gains, losses, and income to all the “Comparative Aspects of the Oxidative cuss the applications during their annu- funds proportionately according to each Stress in Biological Systems,” hosted al face-to-face meeting during EB and fund's share of total invested assets. by the Center for Biological Research, provide a recommendation for the In addition the wording of the Bylaw La Paz, Baja California, Mexico, organ- Council to discuss during its meeting in change to move the dues year from ized by Tania Zenteno-Savin, Center for July as well as providing the organizers July-June to the calendar year of Biological Research, Mexico; and 4) a more rapid feedback. January-December was approved. This course on “Mechanisms of Ion Council accepted the final 2000 Bylaw change will be presented to the Transport Across Cell Membranes,” budget and the proposed 2001 budget. It membership for a vote at the annual hosted by Instituto Venezolano de also accepted a proposal to use invest- Business Meeting in April 2001. Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), ment pooling in managing long-term Additional details of the Council’s organized by Reinaldo DiPolo, investments, as recommended by the actions during the November meeting Department of Biophysics, IVIC, Finance Committee. In the past, each of will be communicated to the member- Venezuela. The International Physiolo- the Society’s several reserve accounts ship at the April 2001 APS Business gy Committee recommended that the were handled independently and Meeting. ❖

Task Force Reports As a result of the 2000 Strategic Plan, James Stull, Lenne Miller, Brian rently accounts for ~20% of the cost of Council decided to establish eight task Crawford, Beth Weil, and consultant the journals. These figures should be forces, each of which would be charged Morna Conway. The chief assumption accurately reflected in the journal pric- with examining a particular issue for the accepted by the Task Force was that it ing model. The pricing model will be Society and developing goals and rec- should work with the financial goal used for future years until print is insuf- ommendations for future actions. These established for the journal program by ficiently in demand to warrant sustain- task forces will be implemented over a Council in 1995 to continue to produce ing it. period of three years. The first four 10% surplus over costs, including over- 2. For the foreseeable future (5-10 were established in 2000: a Journal head and G&A costs in the future. years), there will be a continuing, Pricing Task Force, a Task Force on The Task Force developed the follow- although declining, demand for print Communications/Public Information, a ing main recommendations: delivery and a growing demand for Physiological Genomics Task Force, 1. The journal pricing model should online delivery. The Task Force recom- and a Translational Research Task reflect the fact that content forms the mended that the APS recognize the con- Force. Below are the reports from those base product that is marketed as a sub- tinued duality of media and give the task forces. scription or site license and that method market options to purchase online only, of delivery (online, print) is the second- online plus print, or print only. Journal Pricing Task Force ary product. It was determined that con- 3. The Task Force recommended that The Journal Pricing Task Force was tent management, the “value-added” of legacy data should begin to be put established by the Strategic Plan “to publishing, currently accounts for online as quickly as possible. develop a new paradigm for ensuring ~70% of the cost of the journals (i.e., financial stability and increased accessi- editorial acquisition, peer review, copy- Council approved the journal pricing bility of electronic and print publica- editing, composition, archiving), model. tions.” It was composed of representa- whereas online delivery (i.e., tagging, Council approved a plan to put the tives from the Society’s leadership and transmission of electronic files to past 10 years of articles online in staff, past or current Editors, publishers HighWire Press, mounting on the 2001. from the commercial and non-profit HighWire site, and provision of online sectors, and an academic librarian. services to the marketplace) currently Public Information/Communications Participants were Dale Benos (Chair), accounts for ~10% of the cost of the Task Force Walter Boron, Martin Frank, journals, and print delivery (i.e., paper, The Task Force on Communica- Margaret Reich, Edward Blaine, printing, binding, mailing, postage) cur- tions/Public Information was estab-

4 The Physiologist Task Force Reports lished by the Strategic Plan to “deter- 4. Develop the APS communications and Groups will convene later this year. mine how to educate the public about infrastructure, including a database of Participants in the Physiological the ways physiology leads to a funda- APS experts and an expanded APS Genomics Task Force were William W. mental understanding of function, pressroom on the web. Distribute to Chin (Chair), Allen W. Cowley, Jr., improving health and curing disease” APS members a reference card with Craig H. Gelband, Steven R. Gullans, and to “determine how to enhance the guidelines for working with the press. and Curt D. Sigmund, all of whom are image of physiology in the educational 5. A one-day conference or workshop members actively working in the field environment.” It was composed of indi- should be organized that focuses on the of physiological genomics. viduals who had participated in the need to establish training programs in Their major recommendations are as Strategic Planning Meeting and recom- translational physiology to meet needs follows based on the objectives set forth mended developing a more formal pub- for the genome era. The goals of the in the Strategic Plan. lic information program for the Society, workshop would be 1) to assess the Objective 1. Education of APS mem- the person who spearheaded the public need in academia and industry for indi- bers in basic and applied physiological information efforts for the recent APS viduals who understand traditional genomics Conference on “The Integrative physiology in the context of molecular a. Designate an additional work- Biology of Exercise” and individuals biology and genetics, and 2) to develop shop or other session for a “hands-on” who participated in those efforts, as a plan of action to meet that need. or “how to do” physiological genomics well as a journal editor. Participants Phase 2 mini-course at EB. were Hannah Carey (Chair), Greg APS should work to promote physiol- b. Continue to pursue an “ad hoc” Fink, Lincoln Ford, David Harder, J. ogy to the general public, the scientific oral session at EB based on abstracts R. Haywood, Donna Krupa, Alice community, and physiologists using the indexed with key words relevant to Ra’anan, and Martin Frank. messages and materials developed. physiological genomics. The Task Force recommended that Initiatives may include: 1) The “Genes c. Designate additional symposia the APS proceed in phases toward the to Health” revisited, 2) media training and Featured Topics slots for physiolog- development of a communication strat- for a cadre of APS leaders and senior ical genomics for future EB meetings egy and the possible establishment of an staff, 3) outreach on use of animals in and assure that these events, abstracts, in-house communications office. It was research, and 4) continuation of media and proceedings are published in estimated that at least 3-5 years would outreach in conjunction with meetings, Physiological Genomics. be needed to develop messages and journals, awards, and other outreach d. Continue support of regular materials and see what kind of response efforts APS-sponsored conferences on is generated from initial promotional Physiological Genomics. efforts. The APS Council approved Objective 2. Establish an Interest Phase 1 proceeding with Phase 1 of the Task Group in Physiological Genomics 1. Determine the best way to define Force’s recommendations. Develop and foster an interdiscipli- physiology in ways that will elicit posi- nary, intersectional group within the tive responses from three crucial audi- Physiological Genomics Task Force APS focused on physiological ences: the general public (including The Physiological Genomics Task genomics. This group should seek to Congress); scientists in general (includ- Force was established by the Strategic initiate a website, provide information ing funding agencies); and scientists Plan as a result of an objective to “cre- about the field, encourage and foster who could identify themselves as phys- ate a Task Force on Sections and development of symposia and featured iologists. This will entail market Groups to consider formation of groups topics and abstract submissions to the research through focus groups and mes- on physiological genomics and transla- EB meeting, and stimulate collegiality sage testing using an outside consultant. tional research.” Council later decided at EB in an informal setting. 2. Develop materials for distribution to split this Task Force into three task Objective 3. Augment Impact of to media in conjunction with meetings, forces: a Physiological Genomics Task Postdoctoral Fellowship in Physiologi- journals, awards, education, and other Force and a Translational Research cal Genomics outreach efforts. Task Force, which would convene first Continue the Society’s efforts to 3. Develop message materials to and begin developing their recommen- enrich fellowship support for students become part of an APS press kit and to dations, to be followed by the Task and fellows interested in physiological be used by APS members in their own Force on Sections and Groups to con- genomics, with provision of higher vis- outreach to graduate students and the sider the issues facing existing sections ibility for its recipients at EB. public. and groups. The Task Force on Sections (continued on page 6)

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 5 Task Force Reports

(continued from page 5) Their goals based on the Strategic b. Developing translational re- Objective 4. Highlight physiologi- Plan were as follows: 1) to ensure that search conferences that bridge physiol- cal genomics in APS journals physiology reasserts itself as the disci- ogy with clinical medicine, i.e., obesity, Reviews, “news and views,” and pline that links basic sciences and clini- imaging. perspectives articles should be invited cal medicine, and 2) to promote inter- c. Sponsoring and/or endorsing for publication in the journal disciplinary research that rapidly trans- satellite meetings at clinical meetings or Physiological Genomics and/or in each lates advances in basic science to clini- any meeting that highlights physiology of the other APS publications; these cal research. Their objectives were: 1) in medicine. could be “repeats” of the same article in to dramatically increase the prestige of d. Highlighting translational re- multiple journals or several articles in a physiology departments in medical search in APS journals. series. schools, 2) to highlight translational e. Targeting clinical scientists in a Objective 5. Liaison with NIH, research in APS meetings and publica- membership campaign. etc. in Programs in Genomic tions, 3) to encourage physiologists to f. Developing programs to encour- Applications (PGAs) develop interdisciplinary research age medical residents to spend elective Interact and partner with govern- teams that bridge molecular and cellular time in physiology laboratories. mental and other funding agencies to physiology, organ system physiology, 3. Encourage interdisciplinary co-develop opportunities to foster and clinical research, and 4) to promote research by: research interest and activity in physio- translational research as a viable career a. Sponsoring workshops at EB logical genomics among physiologists. for physiologists. that are aimed at overcoming barriers to These programs, such as the one funded The following is a list of the major interdisciplinary research and that pro- by the NHLBI, are funded at a level of action items developed by the Task vide guidance on building interdiscipli- $35 million annually, starting in Force. nary research teams that are capable of October 2000, and have educational 1. Promote instruction of physiology attacking major medical research prob- components as their mandate. These at all levels of medical education. This lems. components will be looking to make would include: b. Encouraging NIH funding of presentations at national scientific a. promoting the teaching of basic grants that require a multidisciplinary meetings and carry out how-to work- medical physiology by physiology approach, including participation by shops. departments and in the clinical years of basic and clinical scientists. medical school and in the postgraduate c. Developing alliances with pri- Council accepted the report and will medical education. vate industry to sponsor pre- or post- begin implementing the b. Promoting the inclusion of doctoral training in translational recommendations. A meeting will be pathophysiology in medical curricula as research. set-up for a new Physiological well as clinical research in physiology 4. Promote translational research as a Genomics Group at the EB 2001 PhD training programs. career for physiologists by highlighting meeting. c. Promoting the mentoring of opportunities in translational research at young clinical faculty and residents in career opportunities workshops/pro- Translational Research Task Force physiology departments. grams at the EB meeting. The Translational Research Task d. Promoting MD-PhD training Council accepted the report of the Force was composed of members who programs in physiology departments. Translational Research Task Force, are actively involved in translational 2. Highlight translational research by: encouraging the Task Force to expand research. Participants were Steven a. Developing stronger program- in size and to continue to meet to Hebert and John Hall (Co-Chairs), ming ties with American Federation for refine its action items. John Geibel, and Jeff Sands. Medical Research (AFMR) at EB.

APS Annual Business Meeting and Award Presentations

Tuesday, April 3 5:30-7:00 PM, Peabody Ballroom D

6 The Physiologist Personal Reflections

(continued from page 1) al director of PETA at the time and a school!—in a summer program con- Cruelty to Animals felt compelled to major apologist for the ALF, made this ducted by the University of observe that in spite of numerous viola- very clear in The Village Voice article Pennsylvania. The movement had by tions of National Institute of Health published a few weeks after the raid. then turned its attention to the schools. guidelines, such as substandard labora- “PETA intends to use Morrison to per- They were committed to a long cam- tory conditions and record keeping, the suade other vivisectors who were heart- paign and were looking to the future baboons used did not suffer because of ened by his strong stand on animal before we were. One of their represen- the infractions. research that it doesn’t pay off,” says tatives was busily at work at Penn. Later, in PETA’s newsletter, the per- Newkirk. “Now the spotlight is on him During the summer, and on Saturdays son who had stolen several animals and what happens next will deter others during the rest of the year, children from my own school’s animal quarters a who might want to follow in his foot- were participating in the Discovery few weeks after the medical school raid steps (26).” Program at Penn, which offered courses stated, “I had the additional incentive of What stimulated the order to silence on various subjects. One of these, called knowing about two veterinarians at the me? Well, according to that same arti- “Animal Welfare and Human school, Adrian Morrison and Peter cle, the raid revealed I had written over Intervention,” had been given for a cou- Hand, who had traveled last year to 300 letters urging on colleagues, chal- ple of years and was, not surprisingly, Maryland to appear in court and defend lenging misstatements by the media and popular with the middle-school children yet another infamous experimenter, Dr. certain politicians, arguing against over- taking it—except for one 12-year-old Taub (23).” Clearly, PETA had not for- ly restrictive legislation and probably girl. She was the daughter of scientists, gotten me. more. I cannot verify the accuracy of a participant in 4-H clubs—and was The stakes rose, though, after I the count because that stolen correspon- very discerning. She complained to her agreed to chair the Committee on dence (Xerox copies we are told) is in mother that the course was badly Animals in Research of the Society for PETA’s hands. skewed toward the view that animal use Neuroscience in November 1987. The In 1989, however, I clearly went too is wrong. Her mother had alerted Society for Neuroscience, then about far in the movements’ eyes. Three inci- friends at the university. 13,000 strong and now numbering over dents quite likely made someone say, Asked to review the course by the 20,000, had taken the lead with the “Enough!” university veterinarian, a colleague and American Physiological Society in The first involved publicly defending I found that often the course materials countering the animal-rights threat; for a researcher at Texas Tech University, were straight from the animal-rights lit- it was our members who were bearing John Orem, who had been attacked by erature, even including a boycott list the brunt of the attack, particularly the the ALF and then vilified by PETA in comprised of 54 volunteer health agen- brain scientists. July 1989 (14). Then, only a few cies purportedly supporting research I was determined to do a good job— months later, the Foundation for using animals. Included were the and did; too good for my own good Biomedical Research in Washington, American Cancer Society, American eventually. But I felt compelled to carry DC asked me to debate PETA co- Heart Association, American Diabetes the fight forward because even as late as founder Alex Pacheco on a radio talk Association, and Cystic Fibrosis 1987, ten years after the publication of show via telephone hook-up. During Association. We found the teacher (later Animal Liberation (32), the book that that debate, I revealed that one of Taub’s identified as an employee of the became the “bible” of the animal-rights monkeys that had been removed from American Anti-Vivisection Society) to movement, relatively few scientists, or his laboratory had become very debili- have been deceptive and the director of even organizations representing them, tated over time and was near death. the program, ill informed. The program were resisting the anti-science forces. PETA and their associates were keeping director had been hoodwinked; for even Indeed, in those days I used the analogy them alive by court order, seemingly to though she and the teacher had an of the British Spitfire pilots who had keep a famous case alive. Pacheco was agreement: “No discussion of animal held off another determined (and evil) very, very angry because I had revealed research”—the course materials said enemy in the Battle of Britain: a few of the monkey’s condition to the public. otherwise. us were holding on waiting for the big He pleaded ignorance of the monkey’s Exactly one month after our disagree- guns to come to our aid. (Unfortunately, condition. ment with the course had been made they have yet to appear in any num- But my fate was sealed, I believe, by public the ALF staged their raid on my bers!) interfering with an animal-rights course laboratory. They were, of course, stupid Bullying me into silence was the being taught to young children—right for attacking me in the way they did. ALF’s purpose. Ingrid Newkirk, nation- under my nose in the basement of my Instead of focusing on my research and

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 7 Personal Reflections attempting to characterize it as cruel offended researcher felt alone and counseled me not to ask people to sup- and unnecessary at the outset, the sce- unsupported. He must have felt doubly port me, for I would make them face nario for all earlier (and subsequent) so given the attention I had received their fear. That early silence was one of attacks on other scientists, they made earlier: a press conference a few days the worst aspects of the ordeal, and it certain that everyone knew they were after my break-in attended by universi- took me several months to come to punishing me for speaking out against ty officials, a representative of the grips with what I then thought was the movement’s attack on biomedical National Institute of Mental Health and unforgivable but now view as under- research. Obviously, they counted on one from the “incurably ill For Animal standable. (John Orem suffered the frightening me into silence, thus, Research,” which is a patients’ organi- same depressing lack of local support.) removing a persistent and, it would zation. Indeed, Penn’s Institute of Neurological appear, effective opponent. Meanwhile, I was hardly feeling Sciences awarded me its first Director’s Consequently, there was no hesita- jolly. The attack was frightening, main- Award and hundreds at Penn signed a tion—and could not have been if the ly because of the attention focused on statement at the end of the year deplor- university stood for anything—on the me, seeing myself the subject of news- ing the American Anti-Vivisection part of the President and Provost to paper articles and newscasts. Fame is no Society’s attempt to destroy me. issue a statement to the press deploring fun when you know you are famous the attack against me. Had there been because someone hates you. My head A Decade Later allegations about the nature of my was above the crowd. A number of col- Ten years have passed. Some things research, I believe the immediate reac- leagues said they were right behind me, have changed, but one thing remains the tion on the part of university officials but my interest was in having people same: a continuing lack of interest of would have been to ask: “Well, what is beside me, or better yet, in front of me. many scientists in confronting the ani- Morrison doing in his laboratory any- Many efforts were made to frighten mal rightists’ attack on biomedical way?” An investigation would have fol- and discredit me. Two of the attempts to research, largely out of fear, I am sure. lowed, and a defense of my work would ruin my reputation were particularly Terrorism works. Also, there is the all- have been lost in the news days or despicable, but, fortunately, they were too-human reaction of letting “George” weeks later—and I would have been left unsuccessful. PETA sent a letter with a do it. The understandable, if unhelpful, to suffer continuing harassment with the copy of The Village Voice article to my fear and disinterest of individual scien- added indignity of being suspected hav- neighbors, informing them that I was an tists is magnified by the woeful lack of ing done at least something wrong to animal abuser. My neighbors ignored or significant action, even indirect, by have deserved the attack. After all, openly rejected the letter: one builds up large, powerful organizations such as “Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.” credibility as the local Scoutmaster. A drug companies. While one can appre- Immediate proof that I was “lucky” in series of scurrilous articles on my con- ciate why a company would also fear the way I was attacked, at least as far as tributions to science that were commis- animal-rights terrorism—the attacks on my relations with the University of sioned by the American Anti- officers and shareholders of Pennsylvania officials go, came in the Vivisection Society were laughed at by Huntingdon Life Sciences in Britain aftermath of an incident at our my colleagues. That society later provide a despicable example (19)— Department of Psychology. A PETA protested publicly when the American this does not excuse them from not con- investigator, later an investigator for the Association for the Advancement of tributing funds in far greater amounts Humane Society of the United States, Science awarded me their Academic than they presently do to poorly had been working undercover in the Freedom and Responsibility Award just financed, understaffed support organi- department as a technician. He stole a year after the raid. zations, such as Americans for Medical several rats from a research laboratory A terrorist attack is debilitating. It Progress and the National Association in the department and then went public, required a year to handle the situation for Biomedical Research/Foundation claiming mistreatment of them. The with equanimity. Yet, fear was not the for Biomedical Research. For example, university’s response: investigate the worst of it. The lack of immediate out- although the majority of the populace researcher and do nothing to the thief. spoken local support in the early days supports the use of animals in research, Only after the researcher pressed the from the veterinary school’s administra- the annual budgets of the two major ani- issue hard were charges filed. The court tion and all but a few friends, colleagues mal-rights organizations, HSUS and eventually convicted him and required and students—I received dozens of let- PETA, were still $31,697,292 and him to pay for the market value of the ters from friends and strangers from $13,438,018 in 1995. The three with rats (not the hours that went into their around the world—both angered and anti-vivisection in their names, the study) and do community service. The saddened me. Fortunately, my chairman American Anti-Vivisection Society, the

8 The Physiologist Personal Reflections

National Anti-Vivisection Society and bered from one of the horse books I uals not associated with the institution, the New England Anti-Vivisection read as a horse-crazy boy captures this is now law. The exposés referenced in Society, had combined budgets of near- sense of obligation simply and beauti- the first section, although greatly dis- ly $4 million, more than quadruple the fully. The following comes from My torted by the animal-rights movement size of that of the Foundation for Friend Flicka by Mary O’Hara, where and a gullible press, drew attention to Biomedical Research (6). But expecting Rob McLaughlin was talking to his the need to assure that animals receive companies to contribute more is wishful elder son, Howard, about responsibility optimal care. thinking. I am certain that the depreda- to animals. A wild mare, Rocket, was I am very much in favor of such over- tions of the animal rights movement are carrying the noose of a lariat around her sight. Many excellent scientists, simply calculated as being a part of neck because she had broken away from although as caring as the non-scientific doing business. him and was impossible to catch. He public, lack training in veterinary medi- As for the federal government, it is worried the end might get caught caus- cine. They, their animals and their essentially silent, only responding to ing the noose to tighten and choke her: experiments benefit from the expert letters protesting various scientists’ “What if it did choke her?” asked advice and oversight of veterinarians research but never defending them pub- Howard. “You always say she’s no use specializing in laboratory animal medi- licly with one shining exception. When to you.” “There’s a responsibility we cine. Scientists know how rapidly ideas Dr. Frederick Goodwin headed the for- have toward animals,” said his father. and techniques change in their own area mer Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental “We use them. We shut them up, keep of expertise but, I wager, do not consid- Health Administration and, later, the their natural food and water from them. er that events move rapidly in the field National Institute of Mental Health That means we have to feed and water of laboratory animal medicine as well. about ten years ago, he was outspoken them. Take their freedom away, rope Yet, this new knowledge can save scien- in his condemnation of the animal- them, harness them. That means we tists time and money and even improve rights movements’ depredations. Fred have to supply a different sort of safety the science (10). produced a number of educational for them. Once I’ve put a rope on a Furthermore, having to demonstrate brochures that were so popular the horse, or taken away its ability to take to a diverse committee that one has Humane Society of the United States care of itself, then I’ve got to take care planned an experiment intelligently (HSUS) led a deceptive campaign to of it. Do you see that? That noose with thought given to welfare of the ani- eliminate two of them. He even invited around her neck is a danger to her, and mals to be used can only improve one’s me, a publicly maligned scientist, to be I put it there, so I have to get it off (21).” experiments. With this system in place, his Director of the Program for Animal Rob McLaughlin could have been laboratory animals are now receiving Research Issues from 1991-1994. speaking for researchers and other ani- the best care humanly possible in my The animal-rights organizations col- mal users. People generally want to do opinion, better than the general pet pop- lect so much money because people the right thing. Researchers, them- ulation. Of course, that improving ani- really care about animals. Lurid selves, have ignored this fact and have mal care was not the aim of the animal- descriptions of conditions in laborato- tried to distance themselves, foolishly, rights activists in the 1980’s is tragical- ries or claims that experiments are silly from other animal users. They have too ly clear: laboratories continue to be and wasting animal lives quite naturally often fallen for the same kinds of lies destroyed and scientists harassed. generate funds from caring individuals about others who use animals, fur farm- With official oversight, of course, who lack insight into what is really ers, for example, that have been used comes the danger of stultifying bureau- behind the fund-raising. It is, therefore, against them. Nevertheless, I think the cracy. Currently, some US Department very important that researchers care of laboratory animals has improved of Agriculture inspectors, I am told, can acknowledge their own concern for ani- as a consequence of stringent laws go beyond reason (or the Animal mal welfare. enacted in 1985 that are administered Welfare Act that directs them) in I make it very clear when I speak to by the United States Public Health demanding the compliance of institu- the public that I believe we have a Service and the Department of tions. Local overseers are themselves strong obligation to behave decently to Agriculture (16). Both agencies require overseen by the government and so are any animal under our control, and not strict accountability regarding the susceptible to the very human concern just in biomedical research. We are the appropriateness of animal care during not to be accused of inadequacy. I only species capable of recognizing our experiments. The recommendation that believe that most scientists have experi- power and the obligations that go with institutions have an oversight commit- enced overly careful oversight: a com- it. To ignore these is to deny our human- tee, an animal care and use committee mittee can always find something ity. A passage I somehow have remem- that includes non-scientists and individ- wrong that demands some sort of

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 9 Personal Reflections response from the investigator. The in the pain and suffering of human Others with medical credentials were healthiest response to bureaucratic beings. presenting historical evidence demon- excess is to regard it as “the cost of There is a distinct danger that ani- strating that claims for a key role for doing business,” rather than rail contin- mals, and more to the point, the bureau- animals in the advances of medicine ually against the system. Both commit- cracy associated with their care, can were greatly exaggerated and that a tees and investigators can make honest become more important in the minds of number of clinicians agreed. Even mistakes. regulators (in a day to day sense) than Scientific American allowed such an Concern for perfection in the treat- the humans the animals are destined to article on its pages as late as 1997 (1). ment of laboratory animals extends well relieve from suffering. As Tannenbaum Of course, I was certain all of this was beyond the local committees of course. has observed, there is an increasing ten- nonsense, but one needed to respond What I would call a “community of dency among the “community of con- with evidence. Gathering such evidence concern” has developed that attends fre- cern” to go beyond the traditional con- took time and required those willing to quent meetings centered on laboratory cern for welfare to a new paradigm of undertake the task. animals. The programs are rather repeti- “well-being,” even “happiness,” howev- We were fortunate that a few scien- tious, as are the names on the speaker er that might be defined, unwittingly tists bothered to examine the claims of lists. These include governmental offi- leading us in to trouble. He notes that, the revisionists of medical history. cials and laboratory animal veterinari- “Wanting animals to live happy lives is Prominent among the former are the ans, of course, as well as non-scientists wanting something most animals do not husband and wife team, Charles Nicoll who administer institutional animal ordinarily have, something that can and Sharon Russell (20); Neal Miller care committees, but very few active require special and sometimes very (15); Jack Botting, who wrote a long scientists. Present as well, even on at costly manipulations of their environ- series of articles for the newsletter of least one of the planning committees for ments and lives (including good veteri- the Research Defence Society in these meetings, are individuals repre- nary care)” (37). England and joined me recently in senting organizations with a clear bias debunking the aforementioned Scien- against research that harms animals in “Fudging” the Data tific American article (2); and Earnest any way. The problem I see is that there These last concerns lead directly to Verhetsel (40). I have provided further is no provision for dialogue with scien- some personal reflections on the matu- debunking (17). Clear examples of tists whose creativity is vital to medical ration of my own thinking since 1990. I obviously deliberate distortions, a progress. If scientists are not involved believe there is something useful to be bizarre “fudging” of the data will be in a meaningful way with this increas- learned here by those new to the prob- cited later, but there are other aspects to ingly powerful community, animal wel- lem but ready to address it. Perhaps my discuss as well. fare regulation will always be seen as words will encourage them to respond One has to consider the possibility coercive, which does not benefit the with confidence to various claims and that some of these revisionist commen- animals. Perhaps such interactions actions of the animal-rights movement. tators have little or no understanding of could be achieved at the local level. My ideas may be found in full in a the process of science and how scien- My belief is that underlying the recent collection of the thoughts of both tists think. For example, some seem to admirable wish of many to treat animals scientists and philosophers (17). assume that scientists are wedded to the as humanely as possible is a feeling of I could not have spoken as boldly idea that animals are the ultimate for guilt: “What we are doing is wrong so about the “community of concern,” or at solving a scientific problem and that all let us at least do it as close to perfectly least as coherently as now, in the early other approaches are only secondary to as possible.” At these gatherings the days of defending Taub nor even as late animal experimentation. Because commendable concept of the “3R’s”— as 1990. The charges against us, i.e., Leader and Stark presented evidence for reduction, refinement and replacement biomedical researchers, were too over- the important role animals had played with regard to the use of animals in whelming—we were engaged in an evil in the work underlying the awarding of research (28)—is repeated over and enterprise—even though I was sure in many Nobel prizes in physiology and over again like a religious mantra. The an unformed way that our critics were (12), Stephens of the Humane Society Humane Society of the United States is wrong in most cases. Philosophers, of the United States thought it neces- capitalizing on this phenomenon with a such as Peter Singer and Tom Regan, sary to point out how important other well-publicized campaign to eliminate had published treatises demonstrating techniques had been to such work (36). pain and distress in laboratory animals that humans could lay no claim to spe- But of course, what scientist thinks oth- by 2020. Their program ensures more cial treatment and so were unjustified in erwise? Scientists use the best means bureaucracy and promises no changes using animals in research (25, 32). available to solve a particular problem.

10 The Physiologist Personal Reflections

Another example of naïve (one Worse than ignorance and confusion, think about this issue? hopes) thinking appeared in the form of though, are the cases of misrepresenta- Intimidated at first, I soon realized an entire book by Kenneth Shapiro, tion of the writings of scientists, either that one could construct any world he Executive Director of Psychologists for their conclusions or their actual words, wished with words. The animal-rights the Ethical Treatment of Animals. His that I mentioned earlier. When alerted to movement’s major philosophers, Tom thesis is that many physiological psy- how their thinking has been misinter- Regan and Peter Singer, had done just chologists have been blindly and use- preted, scientists will write to journals this (25, 32). In addition, to accomplish lessly studying animals with the hope of to correct the record (29). The patently his task, utilitarian Peter Singer had to unraveling the very serious eating disor- deliberate rewriting of the words of oth- misrepresent the value of animal ders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia (31). ers is simply astounding. For example, research to reach the conclusion that Furthermore, the author reported that in order to persuade the reader that ani- research causes too much pain to ani- clinical psychologists never cited these mals did not contribute to the develop- mals for the medical benefits it brings to papers. However, a review of the basic ment of a heart-lung machine, Brandon human beings (27). Because he follows studies cited (and condemned) by the Reines, a veterinarian, constructed one the rights branch of ethics, Regan did book’s author and conversations with paragraph out of three, omitting the not need to resort to this tactic. And some of the authors revealed that their description of the use of dogs in the then, as Vance (39) informed us, they research was directed at understanding middle paragraph (16). In another case, proceeded to demolish each other’s the basic physiological mechanisms of Neal Barnard, a psychiatrist who has world! I credit Vance with opening my ingestive behavior. They were not con- been medical advisor to PETA, devel- eyes to the silliness of it all. It is more ducting their research with these disor- oped a paragraph from sentences in a than silly really, for such thinking has ders in mind. In essence, the book’s report on AIDS research that reached a led to evil in the form of a diminution in author had erected a straw man: basic conclusion on the need for animal mod- the unique value of each human being researchers were harming animals els that directly contradicted the actual in the minds of some and attacks on searching for cures for anorexia nervosa sense of the document (20). Most life-saving research (17). and bulimia when, in fact, this was not recently, a physician trained as an anes- In any event, the world they have cre- at all the purpose of their research. thesiologist, Ray Greek, has continued ated is, in the words of my plumber, Actually, one of the researchers dissect- the tradition of using the writings of sci- crazy. [Conservation writer Richard ed in the book had already noted that entists to suit his purposes (9; Sir Roy Connif put it more elegantly when he there was no suitable animal model for Calne, personal communication). wrote that they had “elevated ignorance these very debilitating disorders (34). Clearly, the cause for which these indi- about the natural world almost to the A common argument found in the viduals work is greater than Truth. level of a philosophical principle (5).”] anti-research literature, including It is a world these philosophers and the Shapiro’s book, states that animals are An Unnatural World animal-rights leaders who worship their simply not suitable for modeling human Although time-consuming, revealing ideas refuse to live in themselves, for disease: animals and humans are not the mistreatment of the scientific litera- none of them have done the moral thing identical. The latter is true, but it does ture by these medicine men and others and publicly rejected the use of medical not recognize that we share more fea- is quite straightforward. What I found knowledge based on animal research. If tures than not, from the sub-cellular harder to address was the challenge pre- they can reject eating meat because level to that of systems and that mecha- sented by philosophers who had taken slaughtering animals is wrong, they nisms of disease are studied at all levels up the animal-rights banner. Frankly, as must also reject medicine (35). of organization of organisms. The most one untrained in philosophy I was What is the nature of their world? obvious demonstration that we are, in intimidated. I remember exulting in the Simply put, Singer reduces mankind to fact, brothers under the skin is our shar- arrival of an excellent book written by its capacity to suffer pain, which is a ing of many diseases. As I stated in a philosopher Michael A. Fox, who pre- feature of animal life in general. Any debate with one of the physicians so sented the case for the appropriateness use of animals that harms them simply strangely committed to the theme that of using animals for biomedical because they are animals is evidence of animals and humans differ too much for research clearly and brilliantly (7). “speciesism,” a deliberate play on extrapolations from one to the other, Then, to my chagrin, he recanted what racism. As a utilitarian, he does not only his lack of a tail and fur would dis- he had written, urged on supposedly by speak in terms of rights. Indeed, he tinguish him from a rabid dog should he a radical, feminist friend (8). That rejects that idea because rights are a not seek immediate treatment following served me right: why did a scientist political concept. On this last point we a bite by the poor beast. have to have someone tell him how to agree. Of course, Singer is seriously out

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 11 Personal Reflections of tune with the realities of the natural cally. decide the fate of others based on world as Connif pointed out so humor- “Clearly, all scientists using ani- their view of what is “best.” I abhor ously. mals in ways that harm them must (Singer’s) idea that ‘we cannot jus- Regan, too, rejects the rational, natu- have similar views unless one is tifiably give more protection to the ral world with this famous statement prepared to believe many are life of a human being than we give from his book, The Case for Animal sadists. We can immediately dis- to a non-human animal, if the Rights: “If that (abandoning animal miss that as a preposterous proposi- human being (a brain damaged research) means that there are some tion. Interestingly, belief in the infant for example) clearly ranks things we cannot learn, then so be it; we appropriateness of animal use in lower on any possible scale of rele- have then no right against nature research among biomedical vant characteristics (33).’” (because nature is not a moral agent) researchers does not appear to not to be harmed by those natural dis- depend on particular religious Acknowledgements eases we are heir to (25).” This conclu- beliefs. I feel certain that one could sion is reached because animals have elicit a wide variety of religious I thank all those individuals who have pro- “inherent value,” which bestows the views, from the formally devout to vided moral or financial support during this interesting decade of my life. right not to be interfered with. Anyone avowed atheists among scientists who has watched a cat playing with a who choose fellow human beings References mouse knows that the animal world before other species, even chim- does not play by Regan’s rules. To wind panzees, although I know of no 1. Barnard, N. and S. Kaufman. Animal up with the most intelligent brain in the survey to support this statement. research is wasteful and misleading. world and then not use it to improve While God may ultimately be Scientific Am. 2:80-82, 1997. one’s chances of survival would be behind every research scientist hav- 2. Botting, J and A.R. Morrison. ridiculous. ing a belief in the sanctity of UnScientific American. “Animals Rights or Philosophers and others have rejected human life (whether the scientist Wrongs: An Op-ed.” HMS Beagle: The BioMedNet Mag. 25:1-7, 1998. http://bio- these ideas quite nicely (3, 4, 11, 22, recognizes it or not), He rarely mednet.com/hmsbeagle/1998/25/people/op 30). Ironically, Fox’s discussion enters modern ethical conversa- _ed.htm. remains one of the easiest to follow if tions on the question of animals’ 3. Carruthers, P. The Animals Issue: Moral one is not trained in philosophy (7). My rights. When reference to God does Theory in Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge own rebuttal has been published in appear in discussion, it is usually in Univ. Press, 1992. extenso, and I close with this simple, animal rightists’ pejorative refer- 4. Cohen, C. The case for the use of ani- unelaborated quotation from that work ence to the idea in Genesis that mals in biomedical research. N. Engl J Med. (17): Man was given dominion over the 315:865-870, 1986. “Several beliefs or principles have natural world. But without God’s 5. Connif, R. Fuzzy-wuzzy thinking about animal rights. Aud. Mag. 11:121-133, 1990. governed my life as a scientist blessing how can one defend, for 6. Foundation for Biomedical Research. using animals to solve the ques- example, the use of perfectly FBR Facts. Washington DC: Foundation for tions he addresses. Foremost, I healthy animals for research in Biomedical Research, 1997, 4/5. believe human beings stand apart in place of severely brain-damaged 7. Fox, M. A. The Case for Animal a moral sense (they know right infants? This is, in so many words, Experimentation: An Evolutionary and from wrong; they care for other a challenge frequently raised by the Ethical Perspective. Berkeley: Univ. of species—to mention two obvious animal-rights movement (for California, 1986. characteristics) from all other example, Peter Singer). My 8. Fox, M. A. Animal experimentation: a species, while I also believe them response to this particular concern: philosopher’s changing views. Between the Species 3:55-60, 75, 80, 82, 1987. to be a product of the same physi- having stood on the grounds of 9. Greek, R. and J. Greek. Animal research cal, evolutionary forces operating Auschwitz, I am ever mindful that and human disease. J. Am. Med. Assoc. on all life. Further, I am certain that one man’s Jew, gypsy or homosex- 283:743, 2000. animals have been and will contin- ual can be another man’s guinea 10. Hampshire, V., J. Davis, and C. ue to be indispensable agents in pig. If for no other reason, then, I McNickle. Red-carpet rodent care: Making advancing medical knowledge for can argue self-preservation. I the most of dollars and sense in the animal many years. Thus, my position is speak, really, of self-preservation facility. Lab Animal 29:40-46, 2000. that using animals in biomedical in the larger sense, of protecting the 11. Heffner, H. E. The symbiotic nature of research is necessary scientifically, weak and helpless from those who animal research. Perspect. Biol. Med. 43:128-139, 1999. justified morally and required ethi- consider themselves competent to 12. Leader, R. W. and D. Stark. The

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importance of animals in biomedical Med. Assoc. 207:1025-1030, 1995. Psychobiology of Human Eating Disorders, research. Perspect. Biol. Med. 30:470-485, 23. PETA. PETA talks with the Animal edited by L.H. Schneider, S.J. Cooper, and 1987. Liberation Front. PETA News pp.10-11. K.A. Halmi. New York: NY Acad. Sci., 13. Liepert, J., H. Bauder, W. H. R. 24. Pons, T. P., P. E. Garraghty, A. K. 1989. Miltner, E. Taub, and C. Weiller. Ommaya, J. H. Kaas, E. Taub, and M. 35. Stell, L. K. The blessings of injustice: Treatment-induced cortical reorganization Mishkin. Massive cortical reorganization animals and the right to accept medical after stroke in humans. Stroke 31:1210- after sensory deafferentation in adult treatment. Between the Species 11:42-53, 1216, 2000. macaques. Science 252:1857-1860, 1991. 1995. 14. Lutherer, L. O. and M. S. Simon. 25. Regan, T. The Case for Animal Rights. 36. Stephens, M. The significance of alter- Targeted: The Anatomy of an Animal Rights Berkeley: Univ of California Press, 1983. native techniques in biomedical research: an Attack. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma, 1992. 26. Rosenberg, J. Animal rites. The Village analysis of Nobel prize awards In: Advances 15. Miller, N. E. Commentary on Ulrich: Voice March 6:30-39, 1990. in Animal Welfare Science, edited by M.W. need to check truthfulness by opponents of 27. Russell, S. M. and C. S. Nicoll. A dis- Fox and L.D. Michley. Boston, MA: animal research. Psychol. Sci. 2:422-424, section of the chapter, ‘Tools for Research’ NIJHOFF, 1987. 1991. in Peter Singer’s, Animal Liberation. Proc. 37. Tannenbaum, J. The paradigm shift 16. Morrison, A. R. Understanding (and Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 211:109-154, 1996. toward animal happiness: what it is, why it misunderstanding) the animal rights move- 28. Russell, W.M.S., and R.L. Burch. The is happening, and what it means for medical ment in the United States. In: The Ethics of Principles of Humane Experimental research In: Why Animal Experimentation Animal and Human Experimentation, edited Technique. Metheun: London, 1959. Matters: the Use of Animals in Medical by J.P. DeDeyn. London: Libbey, 1994. 29. Salsburg, D. Animal experimentation Research, edited by E. F. Paul and J. Paul. 17. Morrison, A. R. Making choices in the debate, round two. Scientific American June New York: Transaction Press, 2001. laboratory. In: Why Animal Experimentation 10, 1997. 38. Taub, E., J. E. Crago, and G. Uswatte. Matters: the Use of Animals in Medical 30. Schmahmann, D. R. and L. J. Constraint-induced movement therapy: a Research, edited by E. F. Paul and J. Paul. Polacheck. The case against animal rights. new approach to treatment in physical reha- New York: Transaction Press, 2001. Boston Coll. Environ. Aff. Law Rev. 22:747- bilitation. Rehab. Psychol. 43:152-170, 18. Morrison, A. R. and P. J. Hand. 781, 1995. 1998. Animal welfare. Science 215:745-746, 1982. 31. Shapiro, K. J. Animal Models of Human 39. Vance, R. P. An introduction to the 19. National Association for Biomedical Psychology: Critique of Science, Ethics and philosophical presuppositions of the animal Research. NABR Update. Washington DC: Policy. Seattle, WA: Hogrefe and Huber, liberation/rights movement. J. Am. Med. Nat. Assoc. for Biomed. Res., 2000 21/7. 1998. Assoc. 268:1715-1719, 1992. 20. Nicoll, C. S. and S. M. Russell. Animal 32. Singer, P. Animal Liberation (1st ed). 40. Verhetsel, E. They Threaten Your rights, animal research, and human obliga- New York: New York Review, 1975. Health: A Critique of the tions. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 3:271-277, 1992. 33. Singer, P. Rethinking Life and Death: Antivivisection/Animal Rights Movement. 21. O’Hara, M. My Friend Flicka. The Collapse of Our Traditional Ethics. Tucson, AZ: Nutrition Information Centre, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1943. New York: St. Martin’s, 1994. 1986. 22. Ott, R. S. The natural wrongs of animal 34. Smith, G. 1989. Animal models of rights and animal liberation. J. Am. Vet. human eating disorders. In: The

APS Elections! The American Physiological Society 2001 - 2002 election ballot will be arriving shortly. You will have the opportunity to vote for one of the following candidates for President-elect and for two of the following candidates for Councillor, as put forward by the Nominating Committee. For President-Elect: For Councillor: Barbara A. Horwitz William J.Arendshorst Diana L. Kunze Kim E. Barrett Robert D. Foreman Joseph R. (JR) Haywood Ronald L. Terjung The deadline for receipt of the election ballot is on or before March 6, 2001.

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 13 Membership

New Regular Members *Transferred from Student Membership Mohamed A.A. Al-Kubati Latanya P. Hammonds-Odie Ivar Ronnestad Masaryk Univ. Fac.of Med. Spelman College Univ. of Bergen Lee E. Brown* Jean Chaffee Hardwick Marie I. Schulte Arkansas State Univ. Ithaca College Med. Coll. of Wisconsin Kenneth Caidahl Mary-Ellen Harper Peddaiahgari Seetharamulu Inst. of Heart & Lung Diease Univ. of Ottawa BioNumerik Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Hunter C. Champion Jean-Francois Huneau Dorry Lidor Segev Johns Hopkins Univ. Inst. Nat’l Agronomique Paris-Grignon Massachusetts General Hospital Nisha Charkoudian* Kwng Chul Kim Carolyn E. Stunden Univ. D’Angers Univ. of Maryland Sch. of Pharm. Wright State Univ. School of Med. Hsing I. Chen Curtis K. Kost Xingcai Sun Tzu Chi Univ. Univ. of South Dakota Indiana Univ. Ningren Cui Mark A. Lane Jean-Noel Trochu Georgia State Univ. National Institute of Aging New York Medical Coll Michael S. Davis* Eric Lazartigues* Carsten Alexander Wagner Oklahoma State Univ. Univ. of Iowa Yale Univ. School of Med. Marc E. De Broe Livio Luzi Jill Maria Wecht Univ. of Antwerp San Raphael Scientific Inst. Bronx Veterans Affairs Med. Center Valdo Jose Dias Da Silva James C. Lynch Yuan Wei Trianguho Minciro Sch. of Med. Univ. of Mississippi Medical Center New York Med. Coll. Patricia DiLorenzo David Marcinek* Huajie Wen SUNY-Binghamton Univ. of Washington Medical Center Scripps Res Inst. Kathryn Donita Dykman Njanoor Narayanan Keishi Yamauchi Mannatech, Inc. Univ. of Western Ontario Shinshu Univ. School of Med. Luisa Fernanda Fanjul William T. Noonan* Jerry Yee Univ. de Las Palmas Gran Canaria Univ. of Cincinnati Henry Ford Hospital & Med. Center Scott Edward Gordon* Michel Ovize Dao-Qi Zhang Univ. of Missouri, Columbia Hospital Cardiology Univ. of Kentucky Felicia Greer* Christopher M. Quick* Rong Zhang Ohio Univ. Eastern Univ. of California-San Francisco Univ. Texas Southwestern Med. Center Carol A. Gunnett James Arthur Raleigh Tao Zheng Univ. of Iowa College of Med. Univ. of North Carolina SUNY Hlth. Sci. Ctr., Brooklyn Erdal C. Gursoy Arthur M. Richards Virginia Commonwealth Univ. Christchurch Univ. School of Med. Accepted Student Applicants Caroline Abbott Danielle Margaret Bartholmew Shaun David Cain Imperial Coll. Sch of Med Univ. of Massachusetts Univ. of North Carolina Abdul Majeed A.R. Al-Drees Andrew H. Bell Maria M. Canal-Corretger Med Coll. of Virginia-VCU Queen’s Univ. Univ. of Barcelona Fac De Farmacia JoAnne Basa Alfaro Marica Caroline Bernstein Patricia Ceger Washington State Univ. Univ. of Cincinnati Duke Univ. Kendra Renee Allen Melony Jane Black Young K. Cho SUNY-StonyBrook Purdue Univ. Univ. of Maryland Guy Eldon Alvarez Kate Louise Blethyn Keith Patrick Choe Colorado State Univ. Cardiff Univ. Univ. of Florida Anne Amer Mihail Bota Catherine Anne Christian California State Univ. Univ. of Southern California Smith Coll. Nariman Arfai Jessica Helene Brann Scott Robert Collier Univ. of New Mexico Florida State Univ. Syracuse Univ. Osei Kwame Asamoah Ruth Elizabeth Brooke Anja Helena Cook Univ. of California, Los Angeles Univ. of Leeds Florida Atlantic Univ. Arunkumar N. Badi Gordon Frank Buchanan Karen Kaylyn Cook Univ. of Utah Univ. of Illinois Florida State Univ. Michael Joseph Baltzley Derek Lawrence Buhl Stephen Gary Copeland Univ. of North Carolina Rutgers Univ. Florida Atlantic Univ.

14 The Physiologist Membership

Katherine Margeret Cronk Laura Kathleen Hudson Sandy Petralia Albany Medical Coll. Baylor Coll. of Medicine SUNY-Albany Eric Danel Crown Eric M. Jackson Andrew Makoto Poulos Texas A&M Univ. Univ. of New Mexico Univ. Southern California Robert Nicholes Curran Harriet W. Kamenoi Srikanth Ranganathan Florida Atlantic Univ. Howard Univ. Univ. of Pittsburgh Michael James Cutler Myoung-Goo Kang N’kenge Shaunell Rawls Univ. of N Texas Hlth. Sci. Ctr. Univ. of Iowa Florida Atlantic Univ. Natalie K. Damiano Monique N. Kelly Heather Lynn Rincavage Univ. of Toronto Florida Atlantic Univ. Duke Univ. Scott Francis Davis Guey-Jen Lai Vernon Alexander Ruffin Louisiana State Univ. Hlth. Sci. Ctr. Cornell Univ. Howard Univ. Anthony DelleDonne Gregg Thomas Laroche Marc W. Sainvil Roskamp Inst Florida Atlantic Univ. Florida Atlantic Univ. Michael Di Pasquale David Hess Linkous Nicolai Engin Savaskan York Univ. George Mason Univ. Inst. Anatomy Humboldt David J. Echevarria Brady James Maher Tracey Latonya Saxton SUNY-Stony Brook Univ. of Kansas SUNY-Stony Brook Helen Myrl Eddy Bree Nicole Martin Adam Schindler Acadia Univ. Florida Atlantic Univ. George Mason Univ. Gregory S. Emch Gina Marie Masefield Lee A. Shapiro Ohio State Univ. Univ. of Scranton SUNY-Stony Brook Pavla Leslie Feinberg-Zadek Yasunori Matsuki Reza Sharif Univ. of Massachusetts Med. Sch. Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham McGill Univ. Adam Richard Ferguson Oliver Mazodze Shirley B. Shelton Texas A&M Univ. Embassy of Zimbabwe Univ. of Alabama Gina Lee-Ann Forster Sarah Denise McCarter Tina Stasinopoulos Macquarie Univ. Univ. of Western Ontario Univ. of Sydneyl Diane Friedman Daniel Patrick McCloskey Kristie Dawn Stevens Columbia Univ. SUNY-Stony Brook Florida Atlantic Univ. Jamy Leigh Gaynor Tara L. McIsaac Katya Laryssa Stubblefield Univ. of Massachusetts Univ. of Arizona Florida Atlantic Univ. Diane A. Gerido John McKenna Theodore Francis Towse SUNY-Stony Brook St. Francis Xavier Univ. Univ. of Massachusetts Kamilah Lenore Giscombe Isabelle Anne-Marie Millien Benjamin Bao Tran Central Connecticut State Univ. INSERM Univ. of Southern California O. Lloyd Giscombe Brandon Scott Minnery Ivan Gabriel Vidal Central Connecticut State Univ. Univ. of Pittsburgh Poutificia Catholic of Puerto Rico Claudette Deanora Giscombe Vijay Laxmi Misra Zhiqian Wang Central Connecticut State Univ. Georgia State Univ. Indiana Univ. Sch. of Med. Joanna Lea Gore Sandeep Misri Casandra Irene Williams Queen’s Univ. Oklahoma Hlth. Sci. Ctr. Coll. Pharm. Florida Atlantic Univ. Alexandra Gramowski Carrie Ann V. Mohila Newton Harry Woo Univ. of Texas MCP Hahnemann Univ. Univ. of Alberta Maria M. Hadjimarkou Ryan Lee Mori Julie Mei-Fen Wu Queen’s College-CUNY Univ. of Pittsburgh Univ. of Maryland Steve Han Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting Jingnan Xiao MCP Hahnemann Univ. Aalborg Univ. Univ. of Oklahoma HSC Carlos Haridas Micah M. Murray Dong-Ho Youn Univ. of Alberta Nathan Kline Inst. Iowa State Univ. Nicole Marie Henkels Mary Margaret Navarro Jennie Zinney Young California Polytechnic State Univ. Univ. of Texas-San Antonio Univ. of Alberta Alastair Neil Hugh Hodges Anh-Thu Thi Nguyen Ming-Jiun Yu Univ. of British Columbia Indiana Purdue Univ.-Indianapolis Cornell Univ. Greta Lea Hoetzer Faiza Noor HongWen Zhu Univ. of Colorado George Mason Univ. Albert Einstein Coll. of Med. Silvina G. Horovitz Maria C. Papadopoulou Michael Zorawski Yale Univ. Smith Coll. Cardiff Univ. Melody Rose Hrubes Colorado Coll. Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 15 Membership

New Members Only Section of APS Web Page APS is excited to announce the them with a message showing your per- APS.org to enter the site. Your login is launch of the Members Only section of sonal e-mail address. your e-mail address as listed in our our web site. Access to the area can be This site will allow you to manage the database and your password is the gained by clicking on the red button at section listserv lists to which you are member ID number found on your the top of the APS Home Page, subscribed. This will eliminate the con- membership card. If you forget your http://www.The-APS.org. fusing commands needed to subscribe password (member ID number), you This site will allow you to modify the or unsubscribe and prevent non-mem- may enter the e-mail address we have contact information that the Society has bers from joining the lists. Along with for you in our database and your pass- stored for you in our database. You will listserv management, the Members word will be emailed to that address. also be able to keep your APS Member Only section will also provide access to Please do not hesitate to contact the Questionnaire information and section a bulletin board system and a chat area. Membership Services staff should you affiliations up to date and view your In the coming months, the Members have any questions or require assis- account. Through the Members Only Only site will allow you to pay your tance: Telephone: 301-530-7171; email: site you will also be able to search for annual dues and subscribe to journals [email protected]. colleagues by name, by region, or online. We hope you will find this new serv- research interest area; obtain their con- Click on the Members Only button on ice useful. ❖ tact information; and, if desired, e-mail the APS home page http://www.The-

16 The Physiologist Education

APS Collaborates with UC-Berkeley’s Project WISE to Develop Interactive, Web-based Science Activities The American Physiological Society Knudson, (SRT ‘98) of Polson Middle launched a new collaborative effort with School, Polson, MT serve as 2000 University of California at Berkeley’s Explorations CD-SRTs. Project WISE in October 2000 to devel- The Frontiers and Explorations pro- op inquiry-based, interactive, online grams include both a Summer Research science lessons for middle and high Program and a LOT Program. The school students. Under the direction of Summer Research Program for science APS Education Officer, Marsha Lakes teachers and faculty typically involves Matyas, educators and researchers in 20-25 teachers nationwide in biomed- the APS Frontiers in Physiology and ical research, an exploration of the Explorations in Biomedicine programs National Science Education Standards, will use Project WISE tools and tech- effective teaching strategies, and cur- niques to create cutting-edge lesson riculum development. The LOT integrating educational technology, Program allows teachers and recent research, and key concepts in life researchers at the grassroots level to sciences. Local Outreach Teams (LOTs) plan and conduct in-service programs will disseminate the online resources Foreground to background: At the APS for the dissemination of hands-on, through local workshops. The project Summer Retreat in July 2000: Jim Slotta, inquiry-based, learning cycle units in Project WISE; Marsha Lakes Matyas, will involve tribal college faculty, mid- APS Education Officer; Martin Frank, physiology to local teachers. dle/high school teachers, and APS APS Executive Director; and Brian Initiated by the APS in 1990, members, collaborating with Project Levey, Project WISE. Frontiers in Physiology is in its eleventh WISE and APS Education Office staff. year. Current funding is provided by Through a partnership of teachers, In the fall of 2000, Frontiers and the APS, the National Institutes of technology experts, scientists, and ped- Explorations participants received Health, National Center for Research agogical researchers, Project WISE has Curriculum Development-Summer Resources (NCRR) Science Education emerged as an innovative, web-based Research Teacher (CD-SRT) fellow- Partnerships Award (SEPA), and the learning environment that presents edu- ships to develop online interactive National Institute of Diabetes and cators with an opportunity to integrate inquiry-based activities in conjunction Digestive and Kidney Diseases effective teaching strategies within the with the UC-Berkeley’s Project WISE. (NIDDK). In operation since 1997, framework of required state standards, The CD-SRTs will also serve as men- Explorations in Biomedicine is funded and technology resources. Project tors for new SRTs, lead ongoing online by the APS, and the NIH/National WISE activities are designed to make discussions in critical teaching strate- Institute of General Medical Sciences science accessible through scientific gies, and conduct workshops at national (NIGMS) Minority Access to Research models; make student thinking visible teacher conferences. Careers (MARC) program. Both pro- through interactive simulations and In 2000, the Frontiers program is grams continue to expand APS educa- argument-representation tools; help stu- supporting two teams of CD-SRTs: tional outreach with extensive dissemi- dents to learn from one another through Nancy Kellogg, (SRT ’97) of Brawley nation of program materials and devel- online discussions; and encourage life- Union High School, Brawley, CA, and opment of interactive activities online long learning. At the July 2000 APS Cathy Box, (SRT ’99) of Tahoka High and on CD-ROM. Summer Retreat for Frontiers and School, Tahoka, TX comprise one team; For more information about the APS Explorations participants, Jim Slotta and Lesli Adler, (SRT ‘90) of T. S. education programs and resources, and Brian Levey, of Project WISE met Wootton High School, Rockville, MD, please visit the APS website at with APS Education Office staff and and John Nishan, (SRT ‘95) of http://www.the-aps.org/education.htm Summer Research Teachers (SRTs) to Manchester High School, Manchester, or contact the APS Education Office at demonstrate the development of online CT comprise the second team. Barbara 301-530-7132, or email: educatio@aps. activities using a variety of cutting-edge Arrowtop, (SRT ’99) of Heart Butte faseb.org. More information about WISE activity development tools. School, Heart Butte, MT, and Kathy Project WISE is available at http://wise. berkeley.edu/welcome.php. ❖

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 17 Education

APS Participates in NABT 2000 Conference The 2000 National Association of inquiry-based learning, equity issues, School, Brawley, CA. In this workshop Biology Teachers conference convened and effective technology use—in for middle and high school teachers, October 25-29 in Orlando, FL, with the designing curriculum. Kellogg modeled the teaching of APS Education Office in attendance as With April Gardner, University of “Animal Research Project,” an activity K-12 workshops sponsor and exhibitor. Northern Colorado, Matyas also pre- that simulates the application, approval, The NABT annual conference is attend- sented “Inquiry Approach, Authentic funding, and publishing/presenting ed by more than 1,500 K-12 and under- Assessment, and Science Role Models: processes employed by professional graduate science educators and profes- Tying it All Together,” a hands-on research scientists. Kellogg also pre- sionals. It provides opportunities to workshop for undergraduate faculty sented “Sarco-what? Sarcomere!” an examine cutting-edge teaching materi- providing more than 35 life science activity where students discover, als, science and laboratory equipment, activities, each related to a science role through model-building and research, and computer software and hardware model. Activities involved inquiry the microscopic structure of a sarcom- and to participate in workshops and approaches, problem solving, coopera- ere, the functional unit of skeletal mus- symposia. tive learning strategies, and ideas for cle, and the sliding-filament mechanism APS Education Officer, Marsha authentic assessment. Participants process of muscle contraction. Lakes Matyas gave an invited featured received the APS publication Women Workshop attendees received copies of presentation, “Integrating Inquiry, Life Scientists: Past, Present and the activities and APS Education Equity, and Technology in the Future, and APS Education resources, resources, including the Resources for Classroom.” Her talk explored research including the Resources for K-12 K-12 Science Education 2001 CD-ROM. on technology use in K-12 science edu- Science Education 2001 CD-ROM. For more information about APS cation, including an update on the “dig- “Everyday Inquiry Activities,” was Education programs and resources, ital divide” in the use of technology by presented by APS staff member, Alta please visit the APS website at students from lower income and/or rural Wallington, and Frontiers in Physiology http://www.the-aps.org/education.htm or communities. Participants were chal- Summer Research Teacher (‘97) Nancy contact the Education Office at 301- lenged to consider three areas— Kellogg of Brawley Union High 530-7132, or email: [email protected].

APS Seeks Higher Education Programs Coordinator As a result of the recent growth of Women in Physiology Mentoring Applicants should have a PhD (pre- APS programs in the areas of under- Program, Undergraduate Summer ferred) or Master’s degree in physiolo- graduate, graduate, professional, and Research Fellowships program, and gy with experience in higher education continuing education, the APS Council career information resources in print or a PhD in education with an empha- has approved the addition of a Higher and online; sis on physiology education. Education Programs Coordinator to implementation of the annual sur- Applicants should be able to provide the APS Education Office staff. Under vey of recent doctorates in physiology; evidence of: the direction of the APS Education coordination of activities to improve writing skills in terms of reports Officer and the Executive Director, the undergraduate physiology education, and/or grant proposals; Higher Education Programs including activities for undergraduate experience in teaching and/or Coordinator will plan, organize, and faculty and students; research in higher education; implement activities to promote and development of new initiatives for knowledge of the types of resources improve physiology education at the professional development for physiol- available for professional development undergraduate, graduate, and profes- ogists at the graduate, postdoctoral, on the Internet; sional levels, including: and professional levels, including experience in the development of development and management of the online resources and courses; and basic web pages; APS online Archives of Teaching development of grant proposals, experience in the use of spreadsheets Resources for undergraduate, graduate, reports, and articles on APS higher and/or databases; and medical education; education activities in collaboration skills in survey use and data analy- coordination of programs and activi- with the APS Education Officer. sis; and ties of the APS Careers in Physiology This is an entry-level position, with understanding of key issues in Committee and the APS Women in responsibilities and salary commensu- undergraduate and graduate physiolo- Physiology Committee, including the rate with an assistant professorship. gy education.

18 The Physiologist Education

Because the position entails develop- S/he should have some experience in 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD ing materials for online archives and using a web page editor. 20814. For more information, contact online courses, the applicant should be Interested candidates should submit a Dr. Matyas at [email protected] proficient in the use of Microsoft letter of interest, curriculum vitae, and or 301 530-7132. APS is an equal Word, Excel and/or Access, email, and writing samples to Marsha Lakes opportunity employer. ❖ Netscape and/or Internet Explorer. Matyas, PhD, APS Education Officer, Explorations in Biomedicine Funded for Five Years Thanks to generous support from the coordinated in conjunction with the the Advancement of Chicanos and NIH/National Institute of General APS Frontiers in Physiology program. Native Americans in Science Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Minority Teachers and faculty receive summer The annual Fall Retreats provide pro- Access to Research Careers (MARC) fellowships in physiology research lab- fessional development in locations Program, the Explorations in oratories with APS researchers across throughout Montana for science educa- Biomedicine—Native Americans and the country, attend a corresponding tors who work with Native American Research Careers program will contin- Summer Retreat with colleagues students. The Retreats focus on specific ue for five additional years. Explo- nationwide, attend Experimental topics, providing ready-to-use class- rations is a collaborative program of the Biology the following spring, and room activities and emphasizing curric- APS and the American Indian Research develop online and print laboratory ular enhancement tools and skills. Opportunities (AIRO) consortium of activities. Explorations will continue to Attendees also build working relation- Montana tribal colleges and Montana offer opportunities to learn about scien- ships with APS members who serve as State University-Bozeman. The pro- tific research and activity development “physiologists-in-residence” at the gram is an outgrowth of a visit in May and will enhance those opportunities by Retreats. 1990 to Little Big Horn College, a trib- focusing on the integration of inquiry, The Minority Travel Fellowships al college located in Crow Agency, MT, equity, and technology in science teach- allow a small number of Native by Robert Carroll, East Carolina ing. Summer Research Teachers (SRTs) American students and science faculty University, sponsored by the APS. An will explore websites with outstanding from Montana tribal colleges to attend article about this visit appeared in The teaching resources, discuss readings Experimental Biology meetings. Travel Physiologist (Carroll, R.G., “Minority about effective teaching and learning, expenses are paid and fellows partici- Recruitment: Physiology Instruction on and reflect on their own teaching, thus pate in a Fellowship Reception and a the Crow Indian Reservation.” expanding their repertoire of teaching luncheon. Usually this is their first time Physiologist 33(4): 77-78, 1990). In methods (pedagogy). at a scientific meeting, and fellows par- 1996, with support from the NIGMS SRTs may continue participating in ticipate fully by attending scientific ses- MARC program, the APS launched other Education Office programs after sions and poster sessions, as well as Explorations in Biomedicine. their fellowships end. Past fellows symposia and workshops on careers and Explorations works with the science organize Local Outreach Teams to dis- mentoring. Many of the awardees pres- faculty at Montana’s seven tribal col- seminate laboratory activities in their ent posters on their own research. leges and middle and high schools serv- home school districts, participate in Fellows are paired with APS members ing Native American students to create online curriculum development proj- who serve as their mentors during the an atmosphere encouraging science ects, and present activities at national meeting, to facilitate interaction with studies, the exploration and pursuit of meetings of the National Association of other scientists and students at EB. biomedical research careers, and inter- Biology Teachers and the Society for Through this ongoing project, the action with biomedical researchers APS will enhance and expand its col- across the country. The goals are to laboration with AIRO and its work with increase interest and participation in Montana students and faculty to biomedical research careers, expand enhance life sciences education at career options, and improve science Montana tribal colleges and surround- education for Native American stu- ing reservations. For more information dents. Explorations accomplishes these on Explorations, please visit the APS goals through three major activities -- website at http://www.the-aps.org/edu- the Summer Research Program, the cation/expl/index.htm or contact annual Fall Retreats, and the Minority Marsha Lakes Matyas, APS Education Travel Fellowships. An Explorations participant uses web Officer, at [email protected] or The Summer Research Program is technology to develop a teaching activity. 301-530-7132. ❖

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 19 ACDP Distinguished Service Award

Johnson Receives ACDP Distinguished Service Award William Dantzler, President of University of Limburg in the the Association of Chairs of Nether-lands. Departments of Physiology Now I want to turn to Paul’s (ACDP), presented these service accomplishments, remarks during their recent fall although surely his research meeting in Tucson, AZ. accomplishments themselves are It gives me very great per- an outstanding service to the pro- sonal as well as professional fession. In addition, however, he pleasure to present this year’s has served the American Distinguished Service Award Physiological Society as a of the ACDP to Paul C. Member of Council, as an Johnson, Professor Emeritus of Associate Editor of the American Physiology at the University of Journal of Physiology, and, most Arizona and currently Adjunct ACDP President William Dantzler presents the ACDP notably, as Chair of the Professor of Bioengineering at Distinguished Service Award to Paul Johnson. Publications Committee. Anyone University of California-San who knows anything in detail Diego. I know that many of you (espe- research involves studies on the about the publications of the Society, cially the cardiovascular people) know microvasculature. He has made notable knows that this is a terribly time-con- Paul well, but others (especially the contributions in the areas of autoregula- suming and usually thankless job. He younger chairs among you and guests) tion, myogenic control, reactive hyper- has also served as President of the may not know him as well. Therefore, emia, and local factors regulating Microcirculatory Society. But of great- in presenting this award, I want to give microvascular blood flow in general. I est importance to me personally and to you a little background on him, first on have always admired the elegance of his us, who serve as department chairs and his scientific achievements and then on experiments and the way in which he try to build our departments, is the work his service achievements, especially developed or modified quantitative he did in establishing and developing those that I feel make him especially techniques that made his seminal stud- the department here at Arizona. I guess deserving of this award. ies possible—notable among these were you can say that he led a few of us into Paul comes from the upper peninsula his early use of a flying spot microscope the desert and somehow we managed to of Michigan and he received his under- for measuring blood vessel diameter, create a Department. As Doug Stuart graduate degree (in physics) and his the dual-slit method for measurement of and I have often said to each other, if we PhD (in physiology) from the red blood cell velocity in microvessels, had really thought about what we were University of Michigan. And, like many and, most recently, quantitative meth- doing (or hadn’t been so naïve), we people from that institution, he remains ods for determining microvascular net- would never have left more established a very loyal alumnus. Paul then did works. It is really these methods, devel- institutions to move into the wilderness. postdoctoral work with Ewald Selkurt oped to help him answer specific ques- But Paul convinced us that it was a good at Case Western Reserve (it was just tions, that have made his work so move and we never thought any further. Western Reserve then) and then moved notable. As I noted, he hasn’t stopped The rest, as they say, is history. Maybe with Selkurt to the Physiology working. I note that he has two R01s at Paul hypnotized us (or maybe it was the Department at Indiana University present and is the chair of the doctoral balmy air and the smell of orange blos- Medical School where he remained committee of another graduate student. soms when I visited at the end of March until he moved here to the new For his achievements in research, after a snow storm in New York City University of Arizona College of Paul has received the Landis Award and cold rain in Indianapolis where I Medicine to become the Founding Head from the Microcirculatory Society and met with Paul). However, for me the of our Department of Physiology in the Wiggers Award from the American most important aspects of Paul’s leader- 1967. He remained Head for 20 years. Physiological Society. He has been ship of the Department were his beliefs In 1994, he became Professor Emeritus, elected a Distinguished Fellow of the in quality and the way in which he led only to move to San Diego to continue International Institute for Microcircu- by example. Paul absolutely believes his work in the Bioengineering lation and an Honorary Member of the that both teaching and research are Department as Adjunct Professor. Paul Hungarian Physiological Society. He equally important and that they comple- never really stops. has also been awarded an Honorary ment one another (a belief that I share— As many of you know, Paul’s Doctor of Medicine Degree from the perhaps another reason why I moved

20 The Physiologist ACDP Distinguished Service Award with him). He also believes that it is the take a chance on a new department in a sentences in textbooks, if at all. quality of the research and teaching (not new medical school with limited Research funding was meager and was the quantity) that is most important. resources but the promise of an open- supported mostly by departmental And, he led by example. He always car- ended opportunity and a lot of hard funds or private foundations. On the ried his full share of work and set an work. It is a standing joke among us that other hand, and perhaps of interest to example by the quality of and dedica- if we had been less naïve about the chal- this group, such funds as were available tion to his teaching and research. He lenges we would face in starting a new were usually controlled by the depart- was (and still is) a model for all of us to department, we probably would not ment chair. Department chairs did not follow. have come. Other faculty came later to face a highly complex higher admin- It gives me great pleasure to present make us much stronger and diversified stration. The Deanship of the University this award to Paul Johnson. in our capabilities. I was also most of Michigan medical school for exam- appreciative of the excellent administra- ple, was a part-time job. But that along FiftyYears of Physiology: tive staff we enjoyed in our department with many other things was changing. A Personal Perspective while I was here. Two of them are here One which would forever change the tonight, Lela Aldrich and Lura face of physiology was that the NIH and The following are the remarks made by Hanekamp, and I want to recognize the NSF had been established and to my Paul C. Johnson in accepting the them at this time. I also want to intro- good fortune, as it turned out, the first award. duce my wife Genevieve and my daugh- grants had been awarded. Thank you very much Bill for that ter Ciri, who lives here in Tucson. Our My acquaintance with physiology most kind introduction. Since we sons Philip and Christopher grew up began not in the usual way of taking a worked together for 27 years Bill here also but now live in San Jose, course in the subject. In fact in the Dantzler knows a lot about me so I am California and in Austin, Texas, respec- spring of 1950 I was a physics major at grateful to him not only for what he said tively. I was blessed with dedication and the University of Michigan and I was but for what he could have said but didn’t! support of family throughout my aca- somewhat desperately looking for a I am very grateful to the ACDP for demic career. part-time job to allow me to stay in this special award. When Bill contacted It is significant and timely that I school. I had no luck in the usual places, me this summer to say that I had been should receive this award at this partic- grocery stores and the like, and by selected I must admit that I was totally ular time. It was in fact 50 years ago this chance I heard that there was a student surprised and thoroughly delighted. I spring that I first became acquainted employment office on campus. Having had not considered that this honor with physiology. Physiology was very recently transferred from the communi- would ever come to me so it was doubly different then from what it is today. At ty college in my home town in northern pleasing. In addition, I am joining dis- that time the smoked drum kymograph, Michigan, I was not acquainted with it. tinguished company including Stan which had been invented a century ear- The woman who interviewed me said Schultz and Aubrey Taylor who are here lier, was still the standard means of there was a part-time position available at this meeting. recording events in cardiovascular, res- for a student in a research lab in the Bill referred to our experience here at piratory, and muscle physiology. The medical school but she doubted that I the University of Arizona in developing oscilloscope was used in neurophysiol- would qualify since she noted from my a new department of physiology in a ogy but high-gain amplifiers were diffi- transcript that I had never taken a course new medical school. Starting a new cult and not very reliable. Chemical in biology; which was certainly true. In physiology department required the analyses were not sophisticated by fact I had studiously avoided biology dedicated effort of many people. I am today’s standards. Our views of all and had told my friends that there were grateful to the students, post-docs, tech- areas of physiology were dramatically two things I was not interested in, one nicians, and collaborators who came different from what they are today. In was biology, the other, interestingly, here and contributed so importantly to the area of neurophysiology an argu- was teaching. our research program. Teaching and ment was raging as to whether synaptic Since I was desperate for a job she administration depended on faculty and transmission in the central nervous sys- took pity and sent me to Dr. John Bean staff who joined us. Doug Stuart, Bill tem was mediated chemically or electri- in the Physiology Department. He had Dantzler,and Bob Gore joined us during cally. In the area of the peripheral circu- just obtained an NIH grant to study oxy- the first year of our new department’s lation, blood flow regulation was gen toxicity and was looking for part- existence and Raphael Gruener and thought to be almost entirely through time help. It must have been one of the George Hedge came at the end of the reflex mechanisms; the possibility of very earliest NIH grants awarded. It was first year. All these folks were willing to local regulation was covered in a few my good fortune that he did not have a

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 21 ACDP Distinguished Service Award problem with my lack of biology and been accustomed to and we need to thought that put it about as well as I apparently thought the physics back- familiarize ourselves with new tech- could but years later Aubrey recalled ground would be a plus. So I was very niques and concepts. Since physiology that telephone conversation in his fortunate to get the job which allowed has been a melting pot in the past I am Landis Award lecture to the me to stay in school and, perhaps even optimistic that can continue to be such Microcirculatory Society. There must more importantly, exposed me to physi- in the future and our field will benefit have been a momentary poor telephone ology. I found that I liked physiology by it. connection because the way Aubrey even more than physics so when Bean I have been impressed over the years tells it, I told him that he “should always suggested I apply to the graduate pro- with the contributions that the lift the cat by the tail.” So I apologize to gram in the department I jumped at the Association of Chairs of Departments Aubrey. I can only imagine the grief chance. While I did not know a lot of Physiology has made to keeping that this misunderstanding must have about graduate training, I was having a physiology a leader in the biomedical caused him. great time in his research lab. Bean’s realm. For most of the time that I was a I had a very good role model of a willingness to take me into the lab illus- member of this group our meetings department chair in Ewald Selkurt trates what I think, and admittedly I am were limited to one evening at FASEB. while I was in his department at Indiana biased on this point, is one of the But the world is increasingly complex University. Ewald was a good advocate strengths of our discipline and that is its and from your program it is evident that for the teaching program and for the ability to accept people with diverse you are doing much more to keep faculty to the administration. In turn he backgrounds into the field. Granted, department heads around the country had to tell the faculty what the adminis- biology is the cornerstone but I think well-informed on the key issues than we tration expected of them. Because he that physiology has benefitted from did some years ago. The APS has taken was a straight shooter he was always having a healthy mix of people with pri- on greater responsibility also in keeping greatly respected by faculty and admin- mary training in other disciplines. I our members up to date in teaching and istration and the students. recall a quote from Claude Bernard to research. The two organizations are What exactly is a department chair? the effect that “physiology is the appli- complementary and I see that Marty When you are recruited for the job your cation of physics, chemistry and mathe- Frank is here to keep a good liaison research is looked at closely. Every matics to the understanding of biologi- going. school wants a department head who cal function.” This open-ended I would like to conclude with a few has strong research credentials and approach has made physiology a melt- thoughts about what it means to be a commands immediate respect in the ing pot, somewhat like our own country physiology department chair. Whatever academic community. Commitment to a is a melting pot. At times of course you might have imagined it to be, when strong teaching program is also a prior- being in a melting pot can be a bit you become one the reality is a bit dif- ity to a varying degree. But I recall a unsettling and here in the Southwest ferent. I recall that after I had been a meeting of the ACDP with the dean at a and California in particular there have chair for a few years I received a call highly ranked medical school who said been significant tensions in our society from Aubrey Taylor, who was then at quite frankly that they “recruited because of it. In recent years we have the University of Mississippi in Arthur department chairs on the basis of their also seen tensions in physiology as we Guyton’s department and had been research and hoped they could teach.” are pulled in different directions and offered the chair at the University of That attitude hasn’t appeared to dampen especially challenged by the rapid South Alabama. We know what an out- student’s desire to be accepted at that development of and emphasis on standing job Aubrey has done there but school but at most medical schools molecular biology. at that time he was trying to decide teaching is recognized as a high priority You are in a better position that I to whether or not to take the job. He asked these days. judge how physiology is standing up to me what it was like and what to expect The department chair sets the tone for this challenge but I find it fascinating as a department chair. Well, my experi- many aspects of departmental life, that with the mapping of the human ence had been quite positive but I did including the level of commitment to genome nearing completion we are not want to appear too enthusiastic lest teaching, to research, and to involve- beginning to take the first steps in I give the wrong impression that it is all ment in the academic life of the univer- understanding the relation of genes to roses. So after discussing the pros and sity. Many problems can be avoided if function. In this realm it appears that cons I concluded with a quote from the chair and faculty have a common physiology and physiologists can have Mark Twain; “there are things about philosophy, especially in respect to an important role to play. But it is a very lifting a cat by the tail that you can only teaching and research. My own bias is different world from the one we have learn by lifting a cat by the tail.” I that both are equally important and all

22 The Physiologist ACDP Distinguished Service Award members of the faculty should strive for that wanted a very productive main campus departments who may excellence in both teaching and researcher as department head but does have little authority and find it a thank- research. Another aspect of the depart- not have or is willing to provide the less job. The Physiology chair is not ment chair’s role that I found to be par- resources to allow that department to simply an administrator but is the ticularly important is helping young develop its full potential. spokesperson for the discipline and usu- faculty to establish their teaching and In our department here at Arizona we ally the most visible representative of research programs. Our institution did were very fortunate to have highly pro- our field in the institution. And as an not have the resources to hire senior ductive individuals so I had a strong academic leader who enjoys the respect faculty but we were fortunate in being case to make to our Dean. of colleagues in the university and able to attract promising young faculty. Unfortunately at our institution, and at among peers in their field they cannot It was a special pleasure to see these many other new medical schools, space be ignored. A wise dean or president young faculty grow into mature and is in chronically, and, in fact, desperate- recognizes that the university is only as accomplished teachers and researchers ly, short supply. How to convince the strong as the faculty and to a very large with programs of recognized excellence administration that successful depart- degree in turn only as strong as its and with leadership responsibilities in ments need to be well-nourished is a department chairs. the discipline. common problem and maybe some of In the broader perspective, let us As the spokesperson for the depart- you have found a solution. If you have, remember that medical faculties in this ment you have to make the case year by I am sure many of your colleagues here country and abroad have played a lead- year for the department’s share of would appreciate knowing about it. ing role in the revolution in the science resources for staff support, equipment Another area in which department and practice of medicine that has taken money if there is such, and of course, chairs and the administration may not place in the past 50 years. Considering the overriding concern for lab and office see eye to eye is the chairperson’s role the contributions that physiology has space. For many faculty the amount of as spokesperson for the faculty and aca- made to these advances all of you in this lab space they control appears to be just demic values. Department chairs who organization can take great pride in about the most significant measure of are too outspoken in support of faculty helping to bring this about. their importance and as a department views on academic issues regarding In closing let me again express my chair you have to deal with that attitude. curriculum or academic freedom, for deepest appreciation for this invitation If you head a department with highly example, may find that they are not to attend your meeting and receive this productive researchers you may not get looked at sympathetically when they very high honor. It has been a very spe- rewards in terms of additional space and ask for needed resources. This should cial experience for me to attend an resources because the administration is not deter us but the department may pay ACDP meeting again and learn about more concerned about the weak depart- a penalty in some schools for that inde- current issues and activities. ments and what can be done to strength- pendence of thought. Thank you very much and I wish you en them than it is about rewarding On the other hand the physiology well. ❖ strong departments. Often this is a very chair in a medical school has a great serious problem for an administration deal of authority, unlike chairs in some Gift Planning Opportunities The American Physiological Society is held stock, gifts of tangible personal arships, programs, etc., which are spec- pleased to invite the membership to property, retirement assets, charitable ified for support and named for individ- consider including the APS in their gift lead trusts and gifts of real estate. uals. giving plans. Over the last several ✺ Life Income Gifts: Gift annuities, ✺ Gifts by Will: Bequests of a percent- years, the Society has received dona- deferred payment gift annuities, chari- age of estate, stated dollar amount or tions of land and securities, all of which table remainder trusts, charitable specific property or assets. have been used to launch the Society’s remainder unitrusts, and charitable For more information on gift giving various young investigator award pro- annuity trusts. to the APS, please contact Martin grams. ✺ Gifts of Insurance: Ownership of life Frank, Executive Director (Tel. 301- Many options exist if you are inter- insurance policies can be donated, or 530-7118, Email: [email protected]), ested in including the APS and its the APS can become the beneficiary of or Robert Price, Director of Finance Endowment Fund in your financial or policies owned by others. (Tel. 301-530-7160, Email: rprice@ estate planning. Some options include: ✺ Designated Gifts: Gifts given to aps.faseb.org). ✺ Immediate Gifts: Cash, gifts of honor or memorialize an individual or appreciated securities, gifts of closely an organization and can include schol-

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 23 Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

PHYSIOLOGY IN PERSPECTIVE: HENRY PICKERING BOWDITCH THE WALTER B. CANNON AWARD LECTURE AWARD LECTURE (SUPPORTED BY THE GRASS FOUNDATION) Peter M. T. Deen Robert J. Lefkowitz University of Nijmegen, Duke University The Netherlands “Regulation of G Protein- Coupled Receptors: Molec- “The Aquaporin-2 Water ular Mechanisms, Physio- Channel in Health and logical Implications and Disease” Therapeutic Opportunities SUNDAY,APRIL 1, 5:30 PM SATURDAY,MARCH 31, 5:30 PM Peabody, Ballroom D Peabody, Ballroom D Distinguished Lectureships

JOSEPH ERLANGER DISTINGUISHED CARL LUDWIG LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS THE NEURAL CONTROL AND SYSTEM SECTION AUTONOMIC REGULATION SECTION William C. de Groat Gerald D. Fischbach University of Pittsburgh Columbia University “Plasticity in Sacral Autonomic “Plasticity at Peripheral and Reflex Pathways During Postnatal Central Synapses” Development and After Neural Injury” SUNDAY,APRIL 1, 9:00 AM SUNDAY,APRIL 1, 2:00 PM Convention Center, Room 312 B/C Convention Center, Room 311 C/D

CLAUDE BERNARD ROBERT M. BERNE DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP THE TEACHING OF PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SECTION SECTION William M. Chilian Joel A. Michael Medical College of Wisconsin Rush Medical College “Adaptations of the Coronary “In Pursuit of Meaningful Circulation to Ischemia—From Learning” Chaos to Collaterals”

SUNDAY,APRIL 1, 3:15 PM MONDAY,APRIL 2, 8:00 AM Convention Center, Room 311 F Convention Center, Room 312 B/C

HUGH DAVSON ERNEST H. STARLING DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP THE CELL AND MOLECULAR OF THE WATER AND ELECTROLYTE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION HOMEOSTASIS SECTION Carolyn W. Slayman Richard J. Roman Yale University Medical College of Wisconsin “Structure, Function, and “P450 Eicosanoids in the Biogenesis of a Model Cation Control of Renal Function, Pump” Vascular Tone and Arterial Pressure”

MONDAY,APRIL 2, 10:15 AM MONDAY,APRIL 2, 2:00 PM Convention Center, Room 311 C/D Convention Center, Room 311 G/H

26 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

SOLOMON A. BERSON HORACE W. DAVENPORT DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF OF THE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL METABOLISM SECTION SECTION

Frank Talamantes Geoff Burnstock University of California- University College, London Santa Cruz “Structure and Regulation of “Purinergic Signalling in the Expression of the Growth Gut” Hormone Receptor and Binding Protein” MONDAY,APRIL, 2, 3:15 PM

MONDAY,APRIL, 2, 2:00 PM Convention Center, Room 311 F Peabody, Orlando II

EDWARD F. ADOLPH JULIUS H. COMROE,JR. DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL OF THE RESPIRATION SECTION AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY SECTION John E. Remmers George A. Brooks University of Calgary University of California- Berkeley “Breathing and Sleeping: A Physiological Conundrum for “The Lactate Shuttle: New Humans” Interpretation of Old Ideas” TUESDAY,APRIL 3, 10:15 AM TUESDAY,APRIL 3, 8:00 AM Peabody, Ballroom E Convention Center, Room 311 F

AUGUST KROGH CARL W. GOTTSCHALK DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP OF THE COMPARATIVE THE RENAL SECTION PHYSIOLOGY SECTION James A. Schafer Peter W. Hochachka University of Alabama- University of British Columbia Birmingham “Conservation and Adaptation “Abnormal Regulation of EnaC in in Evolution of Human Hypoxia the Collecting Duct—Syndromes Response Physiology” of Salt Wasting and Retention”

TUESDAY,APRIL 3, 2:00 PM TUESDAY,APRIL 3, 3:15 PM Peabody, Orlando III Convention Center, Room 312 B/C

Third Annual Walter C. Randall Lecture in Biomedical Ethics Scientific Professionalism: Possessors or Pursuers of Truth? Nancy Jones, Wake Forest University TUESDAY,APRIL 3, 2:00 PM Convention Center, Room 311 G/H

Vol. 43, No. 6, 2000 27 Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Saturday, March 31, 2001

Peabody 5:30-6:30 PM 9 PM-12 AM Ballroom D Physiology in Perspective APS Mixer The Walter B. Cannon Memorial Award Lecture Lefkowitz Peabody 10:00 AM-12:00 NOON 1:00-5:00 PM Ballroom E Workshop: Integrative Approaches for the Tutorial: Experimental Gene Delivery and Therapy Study of Physiological Function in Gelband/Sigmund Genetically Altered Mice Lorenz/Mattson Peabody 8:00 am-12:00 NOON Ballroom F/G/H Refresher Course in Endocrinology: Endocrinology in Modern Medical Curricula Vari/Lechner Conv Ctr 1:00-3:00 PM 204 C APS/AAA Joint Symposium: Chronic Bowel Inflammation and Allergic Asthma: Similarities and Differences Plopper/Raybould Conv Ctr 10:00 am-12:00 NOON 1:00-3:00 PM 3:15-5:15 PM Rm 312 B/C MCS Workshop: MCS MCS Clinical Applications of Young Investigator Session President’s Symposium: Intravital Microscopy Kanwar Signaling Mechanisms of Klitzman/Harris Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Durán Conv Ctr 3:00-5:30 PM Rm 311 G/H Public Affairs Workshop A Call to Activism: Communicating About Science Talman Conv Ctr 2:00-4:00 PM Rm 311 E Russian and Eastern-Block Physiologists: Recognition Because of Pre-World War II and Cold War Conditions Tipton/Folk Conv Ctr 1:00-5:00 PM Rm 313 Education Committee Refresher Course: Endocrine Case Studies (limited attendance) Vari/Lechner

Microcirculatory Society Poster Sessions Friday, March 30 Saturday, March 31 1:00-4:00 PM 8:00 AM-12:00 NOON

Microvascular cell interactions Microvessel permeability/exchange Cell and molecular biology Microvascular pharmacology/vascular control Ischemia/reperfusion Angiogenesis/microvascular remodeling Flow regulation; oxygen delivery Clinical microcirculation Instrumentation Microvascular networks Microvascular mechanics and hemodynamics

28 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL Sunday, April 1, 2001 8:00-10:00 10:15-12:15 2:00-3:00 3:15-5:15

Peabody 5:30-6:30 PM Ballroom Henry Pickering Bowditch D Award Lecture Deen Peabody 2:00-5:15 PM 6:00-8:00 PM Ballroom FT: Muscle Fatigue Graduate Student Highlights E Ameredes in Respiration Physiology

Peabody FT: Physiological FT: Physiological Symposium Orlando III Genomics: Gene Profiling Genomics: Gene Transfer Protein-protein Regulation and Analysis and Knockout Models Interactions in Signal Gelband/Jacob Sigmund/Raizada Transduction Weinman/Shenolikar Peabody Tutorial: Workshop: Collaborating FT: Heat Shock Protein: Orlando II Tissue Engineering: With Industry: The Rules Environmental and Opportunities and of the Game Exercise Stress Challenges Reinhart Moseley Nerem Peabody ASPET/APS Workshop: Workshop: Peer Review and 1:30-2:30 PM AFMR Symposium: Orlando I How to Get Published in Publication of APS Journals Workshop: NIH Programs Lipid Mediators of ASPET and APS Journals Benos and Policies: FY2001 and Angiogenesis Barrett Beyond English Geller Conv Ctr 9:00-10:00 AM Physiology InFocus: MCS: E.M. Landis Award Physiology InFocus: Rm 312 Joseph Erlanger Neurotransmitters and Lecture Neurotransmitters and B/C Distinguished Lectureship Cardiovascular Regulation: Heistad Cardiovascular Regulation: Fischbach Angiotensin Glutamate Dampney Gordon Conv Ctr FT: The Emerging Symposium: Carl Ludwig Distinguished Symposium: Tight Rm 311 Neurobiology of Obesity: Programming of the Fetus Lectureship Junctions: Convergence of C/D Autonomic and in utero: Impact on de Groat Molecular and Physiologic Cardiovascular Implications Physiology in Adulthood Insights Mark Albrecht Anderson Conv Ctr FT: The Evolution and FT: Fuel Metabolism Rm 312 A Modification of the Wasserman Hypercapnic Ventilatory Response Milsom/Perry Conv Ctr Symposium: Interplay FT: Regulation of Vascular SECF Symposium: Rm 311 Between Nitric Oxide and Tone by Oxygen: Many Engineering Islet Cells for G/H Hemoglobin: Current Mechanisms—Few Cell Therapy of Diabetes Concepts Answers Mellitus Patel/Grisham Jackson Soria/Newgard Conv Ctr FT: Perspective on Problem- Symposium:Matching Claude Bernard Rm 311 F Based Learning: Thorns Technology to Education: Distinguished Lectureship and Roses How to Choose the Right Michael Rangachari/Haramati Technology to Meet Your Educational Needs Cleland/Michael

Conv Ctr ALACF Symposium: FT: Cell Signaling in FT: Ion Channel Rm 311 E Nutritional neuroscience Airway Smooth Muscle Remodeling in CV Lima/Cintra Gunst/Jones Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications Rusch/Gelband Conv Ctr Symposium: Renal and FT: Physiology of Urea FT: Cellular Response to Rm 313 Comparative Physiology of Transporters Mechanical Stress Urea Transporters Gunn/Sands Hubmayr/Fredberg Sands/Knepper

FT: Featured Topic

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 29 Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Monday, April 2, 2001

8:00-10:00 10:15-12:15 2:00-3:00 3:15-5:15 Peabody BMES Symposium: Symposium: Metabolic A. Clifford Barger Ballroom Mechanical Modulation of Complications in Memorial Symposium: D Gene Expression in the HIV/AIDS Gene Therapy for Musculoskeletal System: Yarasheski Cardiovascular Disease From Nucleus to Organism Dzau/Berecek Rubin Peabody SEBM Symposium: Symposium: Genetic 5:30-7:30 PM Orlando III Physiology, Modification of Calcium- Careers in Physiology Pathophysiology, and Handling Proteins in Heart Symposium: Opportunities Genetics of Body Disease: Insights, in Industry Weight/Adiposity Roadblocks and Potential Belloni Regulation Therapies Havel/Horwitz Metzger Peabody AFMR Symposium: Symposium: Intermittent Solomon A. Berson FT: Protein and Amino Acid Orlando II Type 1 Diabetes Etiology, Hypoxia: Cell to System Distinguished Lectureship Metabolism Prevention and Prabhakar/Fletcher Talamantes Vary Cure Furlanetto Symposium: Myosin Peabody 9:00 AM-12:00 NOON Education Committee: Orlando I Isoforms and Smooth Life Science Students and Teachers Workshop Muscle Function: New Technology, New Questions Brozovich/Paul Conv Ctr Robert M. Berne Physiology InFocus: Physiology InFocus: Rm 312 Distinguished Lectureship Neurotransmitters and Neurotransmitters and B/C Chilian Cardiovascular Regulation: Cardiovascular Regulation: Nitric Oxide GABA Bredt Sved Conv Ctr Symposium: How Does the Hugh Davson Distinguished Symposium: Model Rm 311 Brain Understand Muscle Lectureship Organisms: Functional C/D Mechanics? Slayman Genomics of Membrane Nichols/Houk Transport Strange Conv Ctr FT: Molecular Mechanisms FT: Adaptations of the FT: Electroneutral Ion - Rm 312 A of HCO 3 Transport Coronary Circulation to Transport in the Central Romero/Quinton Ischemia Nervous System Chilian/Schulz Payne Conv Ctr FT: Kernal of Breathing: Symposium: Physiological Ernest H. Starling Symposium: Effect of Rm 311 The Pre-Bötzinger Genomics: Activity- Distinguished Lectureship Changes in Blood Pressure G/H Complex sensitive Gene Regulation Roman on Renal Transporters Feldman/Neubauer in Muscle McDonough Hood Conv Ctr FT: Regulation of Renal FT: Role of the Endothelial 1:00-3:00 PM Horace W. Davenport Rm 311 F Blood Flow and Blood Factors in Hypertension Education Committee: Distinguished Lectureship Pressure Fink/Pollock Life Science Students Burnstock Garvin Workshop Conv Ctr Symposium: Lung Symposium: Life, Sex and 1:00-3:00 PM FT: Plasticity and Repair of Rm 311 E Surfactant and Reactive Death: The Physiological Education Committee: the Phrenic Motor System Oxygen/Nitrogen Species: Basis of Life-history Traits Life Science Teachers Following Cervical Spinal and Trade-offs Workshop Injury: Current Concepts Antimicrobial Activity and Bolser/Mitchell Host/Pathogen Interactions Williams/Sinervo Within the Lung Hickman/Davis Conv Ctr Symposium: Vagal FT: Ion Transport in FT: Mechanisms and Rm 313 Mechanisms of Visceral Gametes and Reproductive Modifications of Alveolar Sensation: Emerging Epithelia Epithelial Fluid Transport Concepts Wong/Breton in the Mammalian Lung Blatteis/Raybould Matthay

30 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL Tuesday, April 3, 2001 8:00-10:00 10:15-12:15 2:00-3:00 3:15-5:15 Peabody BMES Symposium: BMES Symposium: Symposium: Neurohumoral Ballroom DNA Microarray in Bioinformatics in Biology Control of the Normal and D Bioengineering and and Engineering Diseased Heart Physiology Subramaniam/ Ardell Chien Bassingthwaighte 5:30-7:00 PM APS Business Meeting Peabody Edward F. Adolph Ballroom Distinguished Lectureship E Brooks

Peabody August Krogh Distinguished Symposium: Combined Orlando Lectureship Impact of Temperature and III Hochachka Exercise Stress on the Physiological Response to Toxic Agents Gordon/Steinberg AFMR Symposium: Peabody Symposium: Adaptive Symposium: Structure and Orlando II Regulation of Epithelial Gating of Epithelial Ion New Insights Into GI and Solute Transporters Proteins Liver Diseases Based on Hirst/Ferraris Kleyman Molecular Aspects of Transport Physiology Barrett/Moseley Peabody FT: Developmental FT: Wiggers Award: Novel FT: Cell Stress and Protein Orlando I Regulation of Oxygen Mechanisms of Kinases: Integrated Sensing Cardiovascular Control by Signalling in vivo Nitric Oxide Storey Kumar Kaley Conv Ctr Symposium: The Early Carl W. Gottschalk Rm 312 Impact of Diabetic Distinguished Lectureship B/C Hyperglycemia on Renal Schafer and CV Function Brands/Carmines Conv Ctr FT: Cell Signaling in the Symposium: The Role of Symposium: Vasopressin: Rm 311 Lung Cell Membrane in Integrative and Cellular C/D Bhattacharya/Raj Regulating Excitability and Mechanisms of Release Contractility During and Actions Exercise and Fatigue Cunningham/Sladek Renaud/Nosek Conv Ctr FT: Cellular Mechanisms of FT: Neural and Endocrine FT: Somatic Sensation Rm 312 A Regulated Secretion (in the Regulation of Blood Volume During Movement and its GI Tract) and Arterial Pressure Role in Autonomic Control Chew/Forte Persson/Ehmke Yates Conv Ctr Symposium: Potassium FT: Nitric Oxide: Skeletal Walter C. Randall Lecture in FT: Understanding the Role Channels that Regulate Rm 311 Muscle Function Biomedical Ethics: of the Angiotensin System G/H Vascular Tone: Which are Jones Through the Actions of the Major Players? and Blood Flow Reid/Delp Angiotensin (1-7) Gutterman/Hume Ferrario/Brosnihan

Conv Ctr 10:15-11:15 FT: Mechanisms of Muscle Rm 311 F Julius H. Comroe Jr. Injury in Sepsis Distinguished Lectureship and FT Supinski Remmers FT: Role of the Endothelium Conv Ctr Symposium: The Role of the SECF Symp: Neuronal Rm 311 E in GI Inflammation Mechanisms Underlying Kvietys/Alexander Amygdala in the Physiology of Emotion Associative Learning Adolphs/Talman Delgado/García Conv Ctr FT: Neural Control of Renal Symposium: Respiratory Rm 313 Function FT: Hypertonicity and Physiology of the Malpas Stress: New Sites of Pharyngeal Airway: Recognition Modulation by Skeletal Kwon Muscle Activities, CNS State and Disease Fregosi/Kuna Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 31 Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Wednesday, April 4, 2001 8:00-10:00 10:15-12:15 2:00-3:00 3:15-5:15

Peabody 8:00 AM-5:15 PM Orlando III Genomics and Molecular Basis of Exercise and Environmental Physiology Session 1: Molecular Basis of Human Performance Bouchard Session 2: Molecular Response to Hypoxia Sonna Session 3: Molecular Control of Thermogenesis Neufer Peabody Physiological Genomics of Orlando I the Respiratory System Tankersley

Conv Ctr Symposium: Membrane FT: Liver Pathophysiology Rm 312 Fusion Benoit/Lentsch B/C Brown Conv Ctr FT: EDHF: Chemical FT: What is the Role of Rm 311 Nature and Sites of Action Mast Cells in C/D Campbell/Garland Cardiovascular Disease? Janicki/Brower Conv Ctr FT: Autonomic and FT: Spinal Cord Injury: FT: Sex and the Brain Rm 312 A Cardiovascular Regulation: Degeneration, Plasticity, (Hormonal Regulation of Focus on Nociceptin and Repair and Therapy Neuronal Function) Opioid Peptides Weaver Clark Kapusta Conv Ctr ALACF Symposium: Rm 311 Calcium Regulation for G/H Muscle Contraction Caputo/Ferriera Conv Ctr FT: Role of Oxidative Stress FT: Calcium Sensing Rm 311 F in Hypertension Receptors Reckelhoff/Alonso-Galicia Breitweiser Conv Ctr Symposium: Mitochondria Symposium: Endothelial Rm 311 E and Energy Metabolism in Cellular Response to Heart Failure, Altered Shear Stress Hypertrophy, and Fisher Remodeling Portman Conv Ctr AFMR Symposium: The Regulation of Renal Tubular Rm 313 Role of Mediators of Ion Transporters Innate Immunity in the Boron Inflammation Associated with Trauma Nicholson-Weller

FASEB 2001 Summer Research Conferences Announced The 2001 FASEB Summer Research Conferences will be preliminary programs and an application and abstract form held in Saxtons River, VT, Tucson, AZ, Snowmass Village, that can be submitted electronically, will be posted in CO, and Whitefish, MT. February. The schedule for the Conferences has been posted on the For more information, contact [email protected]. FASEB web site at http://www.faseb.org/meetings/src. The

32 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Poster Sessions (12:30 PM -3:00 PM)

Sunday, April 1 Monday, April 2

Connective tissue and bone metabolism Teaching of Physiology Mammary gland and lactation Scholander Award Session Gestational, fetal and neonatal biology Osmotic and ionic regulation Growth, reproduction and sex hormones Temperature adaptation and energetics Thyroid Comparative endocrinology Hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal Exercise I: metabolic/fitness tests Neuroendocrinology and Immunoendocrinology Heat shock protein Obesity and satiety Environmental The emerging biology of obesity: autonomic and cardiovascular Muscle plasticity (cellular/molecular) implications Control of breathing:modulation, plasticity and genetic influences Cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis Control of breathing: CNS mechanisms Oxidative stress biology Motor control/inhibitory neurotransmission Intracellular signaling and second messengers Ion channels and ion channel diseases Respiration and acid-base ENaC, epithelial Na channels Heart, blood and circulation Cotransport and exchange transport Muscle and locomotor adaptations Transporters: ions, nutrients, metabolites and drugs Physiological ecology and evolutionary physiology Epithelial transport of calcium, magnesium, iron Physiology in extreme environments Epithelial transport of phosphate, sulfate and Heat stress and hyperthermia other multivalent anions Cold stress and hypothermia Ion transport in gametes and reproductive epithelia Chronobiology/hibernation Electroneutral ion transport in the central nervous system Altitude and hypoxia Cell volume, osmoregulation and water transport Physiological genomics: gene transfer and therapy ATPase ion pumps Physiological genomics: transgenic and knockout models Active transport pumps in epithelia Regulation of vascular tone by oxygen: Intracellular pH and acid-base transport many mechanisms-few answers Hormones and renal function in health and disease Ion channel remodeling in cardiovascular disease: pathogenesis Endothelial cell biology II and therapeutic implications Vascular smooth muscle II Endothelial cell biology I Angiogenesis and vascular growth II Vascular smooth muscle I Adaptations of the heart to ischemia Angiogenesis and vascular growth I Hypertension and diabetes Microcirculation Neural control of cardiovascular function I Cerebral circulation Neural control of cardiovascular function II Neurotransmitters, growth factors and development of the Gene expression and cardiovascular function central nervous system Genetic models of cardiovascular function Neurohumoral mechanisms of hypertension Physiological genomics: bioinformatics, microarrays Regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis and proteomics Renin-angiotensin system in volume pressure regulation Physiological genomics: genetic models and genetic mapping Water channels Smooth muscle physiology Tight junctions and gap junctions in epithelia Cardiac muscle physiology Polarity of epithelial cell membranes: trafficking Endothelial cells Epithelial imaging Lung fluid balance Regulation of ion transport systems in the kidney Lung surfactant Regulation of renal hemodynamics and glomerular function Cytokines and lung injury Control of breathing: chemoreception History of physiology The evolution and modification of the hypercapnic Cellular mechanisms of regulated secretion in the GI tract - ventilatory response Molecular mechanisms of HOC 3 transport Hypoxia Regulation of gene transcription/physiological genomics Cellular response to mechanical stress Intracellular signaling in the lung Lung growth and development

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 33 Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Poster Sessions (12:30 PM -3:00 PM) Tuesday, April 3 Wednesday, April 4

Lipid metabolism Fever Carbohydrate metabolism Thermoregulatory responses to non-thermal stressors Insulin secretion and action Nitric oxide Growth hormone and IGF Gravitational II: microgravity Protein and amino acid metabolism Calcium sensing receptors Physiological genomics: mechanisms of gene regulation Intracellular calcium and calcium signaling Coronary circulation Cytoskeleton, cell mechanics and intracellular trafficking Myocardial ischemia What is the role of mast cells in cardiovascular disease Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide EDHF: chemical nature and sites of action Blood pressure regulation Peripheral circulation Understanding the role of the angiotensin system through Shock the actions of angiotensin (1-7) Vasoactive molecules Novel mechanisms of cardiovascular control by nitric oxide Vascular pathobiology Role of oxidative stress in hypertension Oxidized lipids/oxidant stress Neural and endocrine regulation of blood volume and arterial pressure Free radical injury Role of endothelial factors in hypertension Cardiac electrophysiology Exercise II: cardiorespiratory Cardiac function and dynamics Exercise training responses Myocardial metabolism Gravitational I: hypergravity Autonomic and cardiovascular regulation: focus on nociceptin Control of breathing: airway receptors, reflexes and variability and opioid peptides Neural control of renal function Neural control of cardiovascular function IV Neural control of cardiovascular function III Neural control of cardiovascular function V Brain and behavior Neural control of cardiovascular function VI Skeletal muscle physiology Spinal cord injury Developmental regulation of oxygen sensing Gender differences in neural control Cell stress and protein kinases: integrated signaling in vivo Gender differences in body fluid and cardiovascular regulation Biomedical engineering Pancreas and liver GI pathophysiology Liver pathophysiology GI response to environment Molecular biology of the GI tract GI motility GI peptides, hormones and growth factors Electrolyte transport, absorption and secretion Role of endothelium in GI inflammation Hormones in the regulation of renal function Renal pathology and toxicology Molecular biology and structure of epithelial transporters and channels Come Meet Your Epithelial transport Regulation of epithelial transport Colleagues in Industry! Ion channels Epithelial Cl channels Industry Members Mixer CFTR, the cyctic fibrosis transmembrane Monday April 2, 5:30 pm Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions in epithelia Renal water transport, urea transport and the concentrating mechanism Peabody Hotel, Coconuts Room Physiology of urea transporters Renal organic solute transport Sponsored by the Pulmonary vasoregulation/pulmonary artery hypertension Alveolar and airway epithelial barrier and transport properties Liaison With Industry Committee Lung ventilation/gas exchange/airway reactivity

34 The Physiologist Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Sections Special Functions Cardiovascular Environmental and Exercise Renal Section Program Committee Physiology Section Program Committee Friday, March 30, 1:00 PM Section Program Committee Friday, March 30, 1:00 PM Peabody, Butler Room Friday, March 30, 2:00 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Peabody, Bayhill II NIH Liaison Committee Steering Committee Friday, March 30, 5:00 PM Steering Committee Sunday, April 1, 12:00 PM Peabody, Butler Room Monday, April 2, 6:45 AM Peabody, Fairview Room Peabody, Discovery Room Nominations Committee Dinner Saturday, March 31, 7:00 AM Business Meeting Tuesday, April 3, 6:30 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Monday, April 2, 5:30 PM Wyndham Orlando Resort Peabody, Columbia Room Industry Liaison Committee Respiration Sunday, April 1, 7:00 AM Dinner Section Program Committee Peabody, Sweetwater Room Tuesday, April 3, 6:30 PM Monday, April 2, 7:00 AM Houlihan Restaurant Peabody, Butler Room Steering Committee Steering Committee Monday, April 2, 12:00 PM Epithelial Transport Group Peabody, Butler Tuesday, April 3, 7:00 AM Steering Committee Peabody, Columbia Room Monday, April 2, 12:00 PM Cell and Molecular Peabody, Columbia Business Meeting Steering Committee Monday, April 2, 12:30 PM Friday, March 30, 11:00 AM Gastrointestinal Convention Center, Room 312A Peabody, Fairview Room Section Program Committee Banquet and Lecture Friday, March 30, 5:00 PM Dinner PM Monday, April 2, 6:30 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Monday, April 2, 6:30 Rosen Plaza Hotel, Salons 11 & 12 Ming Court Wok and Grille Steering Committee Central Nervous System Tuesday, April 3, 7:00 AM Teaching of Physiology Section Program Committee Peabody, Challenger Room Joint Steering/Section Program Committees Friday, March 30, 1:00 PM Business Meeting/Reception/Lecture Peabody, Fairview Room Friday, March 30, 1:00 PM Tuesday, April 3, 6:00 PM Peabody, Bayhill Suite IV/V Steering Committee Peabody, Butler Room Business Meeting Monday, April 2, 12:00 PM Peabody, Challenger Room History of Physiology Group Monday, April 2, 5:30 PM Business Meeting/Lecture Peabody, Discovery Room Reception Sunday, April 1, 1:00 PM Dinner Monday, April 2, 6:30 PM Peabody, Orlando II Monday, April 2, 7:00 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Neural Control and Autonomic Location TBD Comparative Regulation Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis Steering Committee Joint Steering/Section Program Joint Steering/Awards/Section Sunday, April 1, 12:00 PM Committees Program Committees Peabody, Butler Room Friday, March 30, 12:00 PM Saturday, March 31, 4:00 PM Peabody, Conway Room Business Meeting, Social, Scholander Peabody, Columbia Room Tuesday, April 3, 11:30 AM Reception for the Distinguished Lecturer Luncheon and Business Meeting PM Rosen Plaza Hotel, Salon 4 Monday, April 2, 6:30 Sunday, April 1, 11:30 AM Peabody, Plaza Ballroom G Endocrinology and Metabolism Monty’s Conch Harbor Restaurant Steering Committee Parietal Cell Club Sunday, April 1, 12:00 PM Monday, April 2, 5:00 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Peabody, Butler Room Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 35 Experimental Biology 2001 March 31-April 4, 2001 • Orlando, FL

Committee Meetings Animal Care and Experimentation International Physiology Membership Saturday, March 31, 7:30 AM Sunday, April 1, 12:00 PM Sunday, April 1, 7:30 AM Peabody, Fairview Room Peabody, Conway Room Peabody, Butler Room

Awards Joint Program Porter Physiology Development AM Sunday, April 1, 7:30 AM Saturday, March 31, 8:00 AM Monday, April 2, 7:30 Peabody, Columbia Room Peabody, Butler Room Peabody, Challenger Room Public Affairs Career Opportunities in Physiology Liaison With Industry Sunday, April 1, 7:30 AM Monday, April 2, 7:30 AM Sunday, April 1, 12:30 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Peabody, Columbia Room Peabody, Columbia Room Section Advisory Committee on Committees Industry Members Mixer Friday, March 30, 3:00 PM Saturday, March 31, 8:00 AM Monday, April 2, 5:30 PM Peabody, Conway Room Peabody, Columbia Room Peabody, Coconuts Room Joint With Council Education Long-Range Planning Friday, March 30, 7:00 PM Sunday, April 1, 7:30 AM Sunday, April 1, 12:00 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Peabody, Discovery Room Peabody, Discovery Room Women in Physiology Wednesday, April 4, 7:30 AM Peabody, Winter Park Room

Publications Special Functions

Journal Editorial Boards Group AJP: Heart and Circulatory Journal of Applied Physiology Meeting Physiology Editor and Associate Editors Saturday, March 31, 3:00 PM Editor and Associate Editors Monday, April 2, 7:30 AM Peabody, Orlando I Tuesday, April 3, 7:30 AM Peabody, Fairview Room Peabody, Butler Room Advances in Physiology Education News in Physiological Sciences Editor and Associate Editors AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Editor and Associate Editors Wednesday, April 4, 7:30 AM Physiology Tuesday, April 3, 12:00 PM Peabody, Challenger Room Editor and Associate Editors Peabody, Columbia Room Sunday, April 1, 7:30 AM AJP: Cell Physiology Peabody, Fairview Room Book Committee Editor and Associate Editors Monday, April 2, 7:30 AM Monday, April 2, 12:00 PM AJP: Renal Physiology Peabody, Conway Room Peabody, Discovery Room Editor and Associate Editors Tuesday, April 3, 12:00 PM History of Physiology Book AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism Peabody, Discovery Room Committee No meeting Monday, April 2, 12:00 PM AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Peabody, Fairview Room AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Comparative Physiology Physiology Editor and Associate Editors Editor and Associate Editors Sunday, April 1, 7:30 AM Monday, April 2, 12:00 PM Peabody, Conway Room Peabody, Conway Room

36 The Physiologist Public Affairs

106th Congress Grants NIH 14% Increase The NIH budget for FY 2001 was the day on Friday, December 15, the might lose as much as $500 million in finally approved on December 21 when House and the Senate approved the final the efforts to reduce the overall spend- President Clinton signed into law a bill “must pass” legislation and the 106th ing total of the legislation. However, providing $20.3 billion for the NIH for Congress adjourned. NIH’s congressional champions the fiscal year that had begun on In the end, Congress provided the remained steadfast in their efforts to October 1, 2000. NIH with a $2.5 billion increase or secure the third installment in the five- Between October 1 and that date, the 14.2% more than its FY 2000 budget. year doubling of the NIH budget. NIH had been forced to operate at its Final passage of the bill was greeted The Labor-HHS-Education spending FY 2000 spending level under a series with profound relief within the medical bill containing the NIH budget was of continuing resolutions. Congress, research community. “We are so grate- combined with the other remaining which had been unable to complete FY ful to the Administration and to the law- spending bills and various provisions 2001 legislation prior to the election, makers who, in a bipartisan spirit, sup- lawmakers wanted to see enacted in the had to return for a lame duck session ported the third year of significant 106th Congress. The NIH portion of the that dragged out until the outcome of increases to the NIH’s budget, continu- legislation contains some new programs the presidential election was resolved. ing the momentum to double the and some technical modification of Although short-term continuing reso- agency’s budget by 2003,” said Mary existing laws. These provisions include: lutions have become routine in recent Hendrix, president of the Federation of Salary caps on grants or other extra- years, the lengthy delay interfered with American Societies for Experimental mural funding mechanisms at NIH and NIH’s ability to provide full funding for Biology. the Substance Abuse and Mental Health new grants and to begin new programs. The final figure for the NIH was $200 Services Administration have been There had also been also growing con- million below the figure that House- raised to $157,000. Those caps are now cern that Congress might decide to save Senate conferees had agreed to in pegged to level I of the senior executive money by leaving the remaining agen- November. That agreement would have service. Previously, the cap was pegged cies at their FY 2000 levels for the rest given the NIH its third 15% increase. to level II, which is currently about of the year. This would have jeopard- However, some congressional leaders $141,000. ized efforts to achieve a doubling of the and even Senate Labor-HHS-Education The usual limit on temporary pres- NIH budget over five years. Subcommittee Chairman Arlen Specter idential appointments is being overrid- The difficulty in reaching a final (R-Pa.) repudiated the conferees’ agree- den, which will allow acting NIH direc- agreement on FY 2001 funding was ment as too costly, and it seemed likely tor Ruth Kirschstein to remain in that symptomatic of the contentious atmos- that some cuts would be made. At one position until the Senate confirms a new phere that was also played out in this point, there was concern that the NIH director. year’s electoral A clinical research impasse. The post- NIH to Create New Bioimaging Institute loan repayment provi- election congression- sion that would allow al session was also Among the final actions taken by about the legislation. However, extramural clinical overshadowed by the the 106th Congress in its post-elec- Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott, researchers to partici- presidential contest tion session was approval of legis- who sponsored the Senate version pate in an existing loan because Members of lation establishing a new institute of the bill, brought the bill to the repayment program for Congress were to house bioimaging and bioengi- floor on the last day of the session, clinical researchers unwilling to finish neering research. The bill passed and it was passed by voice vote. from disadvantaged their work until the the Senate on Friday, December 15. The legislation had strong sup- backgrounds. election was decided. President Clinton signed the bill port from American Institute for NIH must report Then, even though into law on December 29, 2000. Medical and Biological back to Congress by the spending legisla- The bill had passed the House in Engineering and the Academy of July 2001 with a plan tion itself was ready October but languished in commit- Radiology Research, which have to ensure that the pub- to go, a last-minute tee after it went to the Senate. NIH, been working with NIH to build lic can benefit from the dispute over Alaskan which recently established an bioimaging and bioengineering NIH’s investment in fishing seemed to office devoted to bioengineering, research and to raise the visibility basic research. The threaten yet another bioimaging and bioinformatics, of their disciplines within the sci- plan is supposed to delay. Finally, late in had private expressed concerns entific community. address the high cost

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 37 Public Affairs to patients of FDA-approved therapeu- this spring at its FY 2002 appropria- in the House and Senators Edward tic drugs that have reached sales of tions hearings. Kennedy, D-MA, and Bill Frist, R-TN. $500 million in the US and were devel- NIH was provided with $130.2 mil- The National Center for Research oped with NIH funding. lion to fund the newly authorized Resources was provided with $100 mil- Legislators asked the NIH director National Center for Research on lion for a program intended to build to formulate a plan to meet demands for Minority Health and Health Disparities. research infrastructure in states that human tissue to be used in research. The new center is expected to carry on have not competed successfully for NIH Noting that a recent expert panel review efforts currently underway in the Office funding. This program is called the that found a rapidly expanding and of Research on Minority Health located Institutional Development Awards or unmet need for human tissue samples in the NIH Office of the Director. IDeA program. ❖ for research, the conferees requested Congressional sponsors of this initiative that NIH provide further information included Rep. Jesse Jackson, Jr., D-IL,

Congress Provides a 9% Increase for VA Medical Research

The Department of Veterans Affairs mended only $331 million, but agreed to evaluate new accounting systems in (VA) medical and prosthetics research to $351 million in the House-Senate terms of their effectiveness in ensuring program received a $30 million conference agreement. adequate support for research salaries, increase. The additional 9.3% brought Report language accompanying the facilities and administration. The its budget to $351 million for FY 2001. House version of the bill addressed the Senate report language supported these In its budget submission a year ago, issue of how the VA should allocate recommendations. the Clinton administration had request- VERA administrative funds associated The FY 2001 appropriation does not ed only $321 million for FY 2001, the with research, a contentious issue at contain any disease-specific spending same as the FY 2000 funding level for many VA Medical Centers. The House earmarks but the accompanying reports this program. Furthermore, the FY 2000 report encouraged the VA to “align the “encourage” the VA to increase its budget represented only a $5 million VERA research allocation with desig- efforts in particular areas, including increase over FY 1999. However, VA nated time for clinician-investigators to prostate cancer, diabetes, Hepatitis C, medical research supporters in the conduct research.” The House report neurofibromatosis, and lymphoid House added a $30 million increase language also directed VA to extend malignancies, as well as to explore the when the bill was brought to the floor of through FY 2001 its policy assigning possibility of establishing a nursing that chamber. The Senate administration of the VERA research research program. ❖ Appropriations Committee recom- allocation to medical centers, and also

NIH Increases Training Stipends NIH has announced stipend increases Table 1. New Stipend Levels for NIH awards for National Research Service awards Years Postdoctoral Experience Stipend (NRSA) to pre-doctoral and postdoctor- al trainees. Predoctoral 16,500 These levels are a 9.6 percent 0 $28,260 increase in the predoctoral stipend an an 1 $29,832 average increase of 5 percent for the 2 $35,196 3 $36,996 postdoctoral rates. The budgetary 4 $38,772 changes will take effect for NRSA 5 $40,560 Awards made with FY 2001 funds. ❖ 6 $42,348 7 or more $44,412

38 The Physiologist Public Affairs

Outgoing Administration Pursues Research Ethics Initiatives Government-Wide Research There be a significant departure For the text of the policy and addi- Misconduct Policy Issued from the accepted practices of the rele- tional information such as instructional vant research community; and materials on the Responsible Conduct A government-wide Federal Policy on The misconduct be committed of Research and a set of Frequently Research Misconduct was issued during intentionally, or knowingly, or reckless- Asked Questions, go to the ORI website the closing days of the Clinton adminis- ly; and at http://ori.hhs.gov/html/programs/rcr- tration, nearly five years after the The allegation be proven by a pre- contents.asp National Science and Technology ponderance of evidence. Council began trying to develop a uni- The “Federal Policy on Research Human Subjects Protection form policy. Misconduct” is available on the Office Efforts Advance In announcing the policy, the White of Science and Technology website at House Office of Science and http://www.ostp.gov/html/001207_3.ht On December 14, 2000, Department of Technology Policy (OSTP) noted that ml. The notice announcing and describ- Health and Human Services Secretary “Advances in science, engineering, and ing the policy is posted at Donna Shalala appointed a twelve all fields of research depend on the reli- http://www.ostp.gov/html/001207_2.ht member National Human Research ability of the research record.” It also ml. Protections Advisory Committee noted that “Sustained public trust in the (NHRPAC) to advise the Office of research enterprise also requires confi- Office of Research Integrity Human Research Protection (OHRP). dence in the research record and in the Finalizes Policy on Instruction The committee was created to serve as processes involved in its ongoing devel- in the Responsible Conduct of the department's “principal advisory opment.” Research body on issues pertaining to human The policy applies to “research con- subjects protections and responsible ducted by the Federal agencies, con- On Dec. 1, 2000, the Office of conduct of human research,” according ducted or managed for the Federal gov- Research Integrity (ORI) published the to a press release issued by Shalala’s ernment by contractors, or supported by final PHS Policy on Instruction in the office. the Federal government and performed Responsible Conduct of Research for The establishment of the advisory at research institutions, including uni- extramural institutions receiving PHS committee had been announced in June versities and industry.” It consists of a funds for research or research training. 2000 when the new HHS Office for definition of research misconduct as The policy requires research staff at Human Research Protections (OHRP) well as basic guidelines for the response extramural institutions to “complete a was created to replace human subjects of federal agencies and research institu- basic program of instruction in the oversight function previously housed tions to allegations of research miscon- responsible conduct of research.” It also within the NIH’s Office for Protection duct. The goal is to achieve a uniform defines which research staff members from Research Risks. All these steps are standard for dealing with research mis- are covered and what the instruction part of an HHS initiative to further conduct. Federal agencies must bring program must cover. strengthen protections of human their own regulations, policies, and pro- The draft policy had been announced research subjects in clinical trials, cedures into conformity within one year in July and was followed up in early including those involving gene transfer, of December 6, 2000, the date it was August with a meeting convened by according to Shalala's office. issued. ORI and the PHS agencies with repre- Meanwhile, an IOM committee The final policy defines research mis- sentatives from extramural institutions established to create guidelines for the conduct as “fabrication, falsification, or to discuss the draft policy. The ORI also evaluation of institutional human sub- plagiarism in proposing, performing, or received about a hundred written com- jects review programs requested public reviewing research, or in reporting ments from individual scientists and comment on a set of draft standards at a research results.” It then provides defi- extramural institutions, which raised a January meeting. The Committee on nitions of fabrication, falsification, and number of concerns. These included Assessing the System for Protecting plagiarism, adding that “research mis- that the mandate to provide training was Human Research Subjects scheduled a conduct does not include honest error or excessively broad, and that it would be January 22 meeting to enable the public differences of opinion.” It further stipu- both difficult and financially burden- to comment on the draft report on lates that a finding of research miscon- some to implement within the two-year accreditation of human subjects review duct also requires that: phase in period proposed. programs (HRRPs).

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 39 Public Affairs

In addition to providing an opportuni- published a Federal Register Notice of However, it added, “The proceeding ty for comment on the draft standards, Proposed Rulemaking concerning the must meet certain minimum standards the meeting was also intended to enable establishment of “Public Health Service such as allowing the whistleblower an the committee to “obtain information Standards for the Protection of opportunity to be represented by coun- and perspectives on accreditation as a Research Misconduct Whistleblowers.” sel and having a qualified, objective mechanism to improve the protection of The proposal would require institutions decision-maker.” The terms “qualified” human research subjects as provided by receiving PHS funds to “follow certain and “objective” were not defined, HRRPs.” requirements for preventing or other- although it suggested that decision- wise responding to occurrences of retal- makers should have “significant train- HHS Proposes Whistleblowers iation against whistleblowers.” ing, experience, or expertise in adjudi- Protection Plan The notice stated that the proposed cating disputes.’ Comments on the pro- regulation will give institutions “wide posal were due in January. ❖ On November 28, 2000, the Depart- latitude in the types of administrative ment of Health and Human Services proceedings they may choose to offer.”

107th Congress Faces Organizational Hurdles Significant organizational issues con- James Walsh (R-NY) was expected to Democrats. Although many Republi- fronted both the House and the Senate remain as head of the VA, HUD and cans argued that they should have a one- when the 107th Congress convened in Independent Agencies Subcommittee, seat majority on committees since they January. On the House side, many which oversees funding for the NSF, the will be the majority party when Vice Committee chairmanships were open VA and NASA. President-elect Dick Cheney is the one because of a rule adopted in 1994 by the On the Senate side, a 50-50 split casting the tie-breaking vote, both par- newly installed Republican majority. between Republicans and Democrats ties finally agreed to a power-sharing The Republicans agreed to limit com- was yet another quirk of election 2000, arrangement. Each side will have equal mittee chairs to a maximum of six years and the challenge was to devise with representation on committees, but in the in order to avoid the entrenchment in operating procedures acceptable to both event of a tie vote in committee, legisla- power that occurred while Democrats parties. Democrats held the effective tive matters or nominations can be held the majority. However, the fallout majority for the first 17 days of the brought to the floor at the request of from this was a sometimes-bruising 107th Congress while the Clinton either party. game of musical chairs 2001. administration was still in power and Al In terms of key committee posts, The House term limit rule for chairs Gore wielded the tie-breaking 51st vote. despite some uncertainty, it seemed was also a key reason why Labor-HHS- However, this was a transient oddity. likely that Sen. Arlen Specter (R-PA) Education Appropriations Subcommit- The more substantive question was, would return to chair the Senate tee Chairman and NIH champion John how would the Senate govern itself, and Appropriations Subcommittee on Porter decided to retire last year. Rep. in particular, what would be the ratios Labor-HHS-Education. Last October Ralph Regula (R-Ohio) was expected to of Republicans to Democrats on com- after efforts to achieve compromise succeed Porter as head of the House mittees. seemed likely to result in an unaccept- panel responsible for NIH funding, The number of seats each party gets ably costly bill, Specter announced in although that still had to be finalized. on committees depends upon how many frustration that he would no longer chair Rep. Henry Bonilla (R-Texas) was seats they hold overall. This ratio can be the subcommittee. However, a number expected to become the chairman of the crucial in getting legislation out of com- of biomedical research advocacy organ- House Appropriations Subcommittee mittee to bring it to the floor. Since izations subsequently urged him to that oversees funding for the USDA, Republicans and Democrats were even- reconsider his decision because of the including Animal Welfare Act enforce- ly split in the Senate, the Republicans strong support he has shown for the ment. Rep. Bonilla is also a member of did not have the votes make this deter- NIH, and there were indications that he the Labor-HHS subcommittee. Rep. mination without the concurrence of the might remain as head of that panel. ❖

40 The Physiologist Public Affairs

NIH Notices: Protocol Review Procedures and Animal Care Policy Materials

The NIH published a notice in the approval of research protocols involv- The Office of Laboratory Animal NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts ing human subjects. In notice OD-01- Welfare (OLAW) has announced that it reminding researchers that IACUC of 031, dated December 6, 2000, the NIH has copies available of a reprinted ver- research protocols involving animal reiterated that beginning with applica- sion of the PHS Policy on Humane Care studies must be completed prior to peer tions submitted for the January 2001 and Use of Laboratory Animals. The review. Notice OD-01-008 states that Council round, “IRB approval is no reprint is an updated version in a small- IACUC approval for all such applica- longer required prior to NIH peer er format of the original Policy promul- tions should be provided either when review of an application which covers gated in 1986 to implement the Health the application is submitted, or within human participants.” The change in pol- Research Extension Act of 1985. 60 days thereafter. Otherwise, the appli- icy “is intended to provide flexibility at Updated elements include revised cita- cation cannot be peer reviewed. The the institutional level to reduce the tions and addresses. In addition, lan- notice is available online at http://grants. workload burdens that many IRBs are guage that was clarified in a 1996 nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT- currently facing, while still ensuring reprint to eliminate common areas of OD-01-008.html full protection of participants in human confusion has been retained. To request This policy stands in contrast to a studies.’ This is posted at a copy of the reprint, contact OLAW at change in policy with respect to http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notic [email protected] or call 301-594- Institutional Review Board (IRB) e-files/NOT-OD-00-031.html 2506. ❖

President Signs Chimpanzee Retirement Law On December 20, President Clinton Maintenance, and Protection Act, an orderly system to ensure a secure signed into law a bill to provide for the would establish a system of privately retirement for surplus Federal research long-term care of chimpanzees previ- operated “sanctuaries” for federally- chimpanzees and to meet their lifetime ously used in biomedical research. owned chimpanzees that are no longer needs for shelter and care.” However, he However, he issued an unusual state- needed for biomedical research. It was noted that the legislation “puts severe ment outlining his reservations of approved by unanimous consent in the constraints on the use of a chimpanzee “flaws in the bill that the next adminis- Senate on December 6 after House for further research once it has been tration and the Congress should correct approval on October 24. declared ‘surplus.’” The President also to ensure the viability and effectiveness In signing the bill, Clinton noted that noted “concerns” with the administra- of the proposed sanctuary system.” the legislation “is a valuable affirmation tive structure and funding of the sanctu- The legislation, known as the of the Federal Government’s responsi- ary system authorized by the legisla- Chimpanzee Health Improvement, bility and moral obligation to provide tion. ❖

Porter Donates Campaign Funds to Endow Research Chair Retiring Congressman John Porter, Professorship of Biomedical Research tives, before retiring at the end of 2000, the former chair of the House Labor- that Northwestern University Medical earned an undergraduate degree from HHS-Education Appropriations School will establish in his name. Northwestern University in 1957. In Subcommittee, announced that he Northwestern hopes to raise a total of 1999, the university honored him with would donate his unused campaign $2 million to endow a perpetual profes- an Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree in funds—approximately $325,000—to sorship in Porter’s name. recognition of his “legislative leader- finance a professorship in biomedical “This nation must continue to place ship on behalf of biomedical research.” research at Northwestern University the highest priority on basic research to Stephen D. Miller, professor of Medical School. Porter, a Republican battle the war we face against disease,” microbiology-immunology and director who represented Illinois’ 10th district, Porter said in announcing the professor- of the Interdepartmental Immunobiolo- was one of the NIH’s staunchest cham- ship. “I can think of no better use for gy Center at the Northwestern pions on Capitol Hill. According to a this campaign money than to invest it in University Medical School, has been Northwestern University press release, health research that will benefit the named to the professorship. ❖ Porter’s donation will be used as a needs of society.” Porter, who served 11 “leadership gift” to fund a terms in the US House of Representa-

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 41 Public Affairs

Activist Organizations Continue to Grow The monthly activist newspaper bined budgets totaling more than $90 went on to say that “Technically, HSUS Animal People recently published its million. The two largest organizations did not end 1999 with more than twice annual report on the finances of animal- by far are the Humane Society of the its annual budget in cash and securities related charities. Animal People com- United States (HSUS) with a staggering reserves—but only because of the pay- piled the report using copies of IRS $51,560,147, and People for the Ethical ments to affiliates, whose reserves may Form 990 that it requested from non- Treatment of Animals (PETA) with be used in connection with HSUS proj- profit organizations that claim to work $16,487,851. In contrast, in 1998, ects, yet do not appear on the HSUS fil- on behalf of animals. Financial data twelve major organizations (the same ing of IRS Form 990.” from the Form 990 filings of 130 such eleven along with PCRM) had com- A note concerning PETA said that it charities was compiled and presented bined budgets of $75 million. had “ascribed to program services along with an overview of their pro- A supplemental note concerning the $309,546 spent in connection with the grams. The report also included notes HSUS said that in 1999 it had trans- sale of fundraising merchandise, and at about anomalies or controversies asso- ferred $5,434,566 to affiliated organiza- least $4,252,855 spent for ‘campaigns’ ciated with programs or financial man- tions including the National Association which appear to have consisted chiefly agement, such as violations of the stan- for Humane & Environmental of direct mailing, beyond the $551,284 dards that nonprofits are expected use in Education, Humane Society which PETA acknowledged spending allocating costs between programs and International, Center for Respect For on fundraising mailings in the name of administrative overhead. In November Life & Environment, Earthvoice education.” 2000, Animal People published its International, Wildlife Land Trust, Highlights of the report are provided report on 1999 financial data. Worldwide Network, Inc., and in the table below. The complete report The report included many of the Meadowcreek Inc., which is an is available on line at http://www.ani- major animal activist groups that con- Arkansas-based organic vegetable- malpeoplenews.org/watch-1.html. duct campaigns against medical growing project. “Most and perhaps all Additional financial information about research. Notable absences included the of these affiliates are controlled by the nonprofit organizations is available at Liberation Collective, the National board and senior staff of HSUS,” http://www.guidestar.org/, which is a Activist Network, Protecting Our according to Animal People. The note project of Philanthropic Research, Inc. Earth's Treasures, and the Physicians Committee for Table 1. 1999 Budgets and Programs for Animal Activist Organizations Responsible Organization 1999 Budget 1999 Programs 1998 Budget Medicine. PCRM American Anti-Vivisection Society $1,088,433 $1,012,233 $1,087,241 data appeared in Animal Legal Defense Fund $2,929,360 $1,924,092 $2,363,019 the 1998 report but Doris Day Animal League $2,298,227 $1,871,8984 $2,405,903 the organization Friends of Animals $4,289,534 $3,768,089 $4,514,292 declined to supply Fund for Animals $6,383,888 $5,311,129 $5,445,455 its 1999 IRS Form Humane Society of the US $51,560,147 $29,746,546 $36,633,759 990. In Defense of Animals $1,707,270 $1,390,001 $1,491,213 Eleven major Last Chance for Animals $657,946 $441,895 $629,404 organizations National Anti-Vivisection Society $2,153,309 $1,535,661 $2,012,888 New England Anti-Vivisection Society $1,052,240 $643,263 $1,392,009 included in the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals $16,487,851 $14,417,787 $14,543,860 1999 report ac- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine* $2,160,634 counted for com- *The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine declined to provide 1999 data.

“Communicating About Science”: The EB Public Affairs Symposium The APS Public Affairs Committee ing. The program is entitled “A Call to of the National Science Foundation. has organized a public affairs sympo- Activism: Communicating about The program will take place from 3- sium to be presented on Saturday, Science.” Featured speakers will 5:30 pm in Room 311GH of the Orange March 31, at the EB 2001 meeting in include FASEB President Mary County Convention Center on Saturday, Orlando. The event will be cosponsored Hendrix, Kim Cavendish of the Orlando March 31, and will be chaired by Public by FASEB and the other FASEB soci- Science Center, Kawanza Griffin of The Affairs Committee Chair William eties that are participating in the meet- Milwaukee Journal, and Hyman Field, Talman. ❖

42 The Physiologist Positions Available

Assistant Professor, Cardiovascular Physiology: Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences/Molecular Individuals employing modern cellular and molecular Physiology: The Department of Biological Sciences at the approaches to investigate the physiology of organs and University of Alaska Anchorage invites applications for a organ systems are invited to apply for a 12-month tenure- tenure-track faculty position as an Assistant Professor. The track position at the Assistant Professor level in the position is a full-time, nine-month regular appointment with Department of Physiology at the University of Oklahoma benefits. Salary will be appropriate to an entry-level Health Sciences Center. Candidates must possess a PhD, Assistant Professor. Candidates must meet the following MD, or equivalent degree and at least two years of postdoc- requirements: 1) PhD in biology or relevant scientific field, toral experience. Preference will be given to candidates with 2) evidence of teaching experience in relevant area, 3) post- anticipated/current research funding from national sources doctoral research experience, 4) at least one publication as and expertise in cardiovascular physiology or developmen- first author in a refereed journal, 5) ability to obtain extra- tal cardiovascular physiology. The successful candidate will mural research funding, and 6) ability to establish an inde- be expected to pursue an active, independent research pro- pendent research program. The position will be available gram and participate in medical and graduate teaching. The after August 15, 2001. We seek applicants with postdoctoral University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center offers training and the ability to develop an externally funded excellent opportunities for collaboration with multidiscipli- research program in animal physiology that uses molecular nary groups of cardiac/vascular scientists as well as approaches to investigate adaptations of animals to arctic fetal/neonatal physiologists. Applicants should submit a cur- and high latitude environments. Opportunities for collabora- riculum vitae and a brief description of current and future tion exist both within the University of Alaska and among research interests and have three letters of reference sent to: the statewide community. Candidates whose research areas Dr. Sinya Benyajati, Department of Physiology, College of complement those of existing programs are strongly encour- Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences aged to apply. Primary teaching responsibilities include Center, PO Box 26901, Oklahoma City, OK 73190. Fax: human anatomy and physiology, and upper division and/or 405-271-3181; email: [email protected]; graduate classes in an area of expertise. The standard five- Internet: http:/w3.ouhsc.edu/physiology. Completed appli- part workload is two parts teaching, two parts research, and cations will be accepted until January 31, 2001. Anticipated one part University/public service, with modifications to the starting date: Fall 2001. [EOE] workload possible, pending EPSCoR funding. Further infor- mation about the department can be found at Biology Faculty Position: The University of St. Thomas http://www.uaa.alaska.edu/biohome/biology.html. The Department of Biology in St. Paul, Minnesota invites appli- search will remain open until filled; however, review of cations to fill a one-year Visiting Assistant Professor posi- applications will begin January 1, 2001. Interested candi- tion for the 2001-2002 academic year. Candidates should be dates should submit a letter of interest (note position PCN: broadly trained in biology and be committed to teaching in 301439); a statement of teaching and research goals and phi- a liberal arts setting. Teaching responsibilities will include a losophy; a curriculum vitae; and the names, addresses, two-semester comparative anatomy/physiology sequence phone numbers, and email addresses of three references for majors and sections of either majors or non-majors intro- qualified to comment on teaching and research potential to: ductory courses. Candidates must have a PhD. Teaching University of Alaska Anchorage, Human Resource Services, experience is preferred. The University of St. Thomas is a Administration Building, Suite 245, 3211 Providence Drive, private, Catholic, comprehensive, liberal arts university with Anchorage, AK 99508-8136. Tel: 907-786-4608; TTY: 907- an undergraduate student body in excess of 5,000. The 786-1420; fax: 907-786-4727. University of Alaska Department of Biology has a membership of 12 faculty and Anchorage Employment Information Website: www.fin- 4 staff. Additional information about the department is avail- sys.uaa.alaska.edu/uaahrs. Applicants needing reasonable able on our website: http://department.stthomas.edu/BIOL/. accommodations to participate in the application or inter- Send letter of application (refer to Position #200402), cur- view process should contact the Human Resource Services. riculum vitae, statement of teaching philosophy, proposal Candidates must be eligible for employment under the for the anatomy/physiology sequence you would like to Immigration Reform and Control Act as of 1986 and subse- teach, and three letters of recommendation to: Human quent amendments. Applications for employment with the Resources, Mail #AQU217, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, University of Alaska are subject to public disclosure. UAA MN 55105. To guarantee consideration, completed applica- is an AA/EO Employer and Educational Institution. tions are due by January 29, 2001. [AA/EOE]

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 43 Positions Available

Postdoctoral Positions: Applications are requested for two Instructor/Assistant/Associate Professor of Biology postdoctoral positions in a unique NIH-funded multidisci- Physiology and Anatomy: Nine-month tenure track posi- plinary program involving hyperbaric oxygen therapy. tion in the Department of Biology at Wartburg College in Postdoctoral training is offered in laboratories using molec- Waverly, Iowa. We require a minimum of ABD in an appro- ular, genetic, cellular, and physiological approaches to study priate scientific area (PhD required for Assistant or the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on angiogenesis, tumor cell Associate Professor status.) Also required is demonstrated growth, cell-to-cell adhesion, and free radical expertise in physiology, willingness to teach interdiscipli- production/pathogenesis. An opportunity for investigating nary and team-taught biology and general education cours- the clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygen on angiogenesis es. Preference will be given to candidates who have com- and quantitative analysis of tissue oxygenation is also avail- pleted their doctorate, have colllege-level teaching and able. Individuals with clinical experience who are interested research experience, and experience in pre-medical advis- in obtaining research training will receive special consider- ing. Responsibilities include teaching two-term upper-level ation. Laboratories available are: 1) tumor biology and mammalian A&P sequence, general biology for majors, and angiogenesis: effects of hyperbaric oxygen on angiogenesis general education courses; supervision of undergraduate and hypoxia in post-radiation normal tissue and tumors; 2) research; advise pre-medical students; scholarship and serv- clinical studies with laryngectomy patients: clinical out- ice appropriate to the liberal arts setting. Salary is competi- comes modeling for laryngectomy surgery patients and effi- tive. Send letter of application, curriculum vita, and names, cacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy; 3) cell biology and lung addresses and phone numbers for three references to Ann injury: effect of normo? and hyperbaric hyperoxia on the Henninger, Chair of Biology Department at Wartburg fate of tumor cells and leukocytes in the pulmonary circula- College, 222 Ninth Street NW, Waverly, IA 50677-0903 or tion; 4) oxidant injury: oxygen-dependent elevation of nitric Email [email protected]. Wartburg is a four-year oxide production in vivo. Appointment as a postdoctoral fel- liberal arts college of the Lutheran Church and an AA/EO low/researcher requires an advanced degree: PhD, MD, or employer. For more information about Wartburg, see equivalent. It is the responsibility of the postdoctoral fellow http://www.wartburg.edu. to certify that he/she has received his/her degree or has ful- filled the advanced degree requirements before the appoint- Postdoctoral Position: The University of Texas ment is processed. More information is available on the Southwestern Medical Center is seeking a postdoctoral fel- Internet at http://www.med.upenn.edu/ifem. Please send low to study the role of estrogen in the neural control of the curriculum vitae and names of three references to: Wendy peripheral circulation and blood pressure regulation. This Kelly, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of individual will be responsible for developing and perform- Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 ing experiments in rat and transgenic mouse models to study John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104. both genomic and non-genomic effects of estrogen on sym- pathetic regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow and arteri- Assistant Research Scientist: The Division of al blood pressure. Ample opportunity will be available to Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, interact with other investigators in the group who are per- University of Iowa College of Medicine, has an opening for forming complementary experiments in humans. Applicants an Assistant Research Scientist to perform basic or applied should have a PhD and/or MD and 1-2 years relevant expe- research in the molecular mechanism of action of CpG rience in cardiovascular physiology or neurophysiology. oligonucleotides in collaboration with the other investiga- Experience in small animal surgery is desired. This NIH- tors of the CpG research group. A person in this classifica- funded position is available immediately. Please send cur- tion has the academic knowledge of molecular immunology riculum vitae to: Dr. Gail Thomas, Hypertension Division, generally associated with a doctoral degree or an equivalent University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 professional degree, i.e., MD, DDS, or DVM. In addition, Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8586.Email: the person will have demonstrated the ability to plan and [email protected]. [EOE] execute a research study through some progressively responsible independent research work. Considerable expe- rience with molecular biology techniques, cell techniques, flow cytometry techniques, and animal experimentation is desired. Please send a resume and cover letter indicating #44459 to: Carol Wehby, Human Resources, Internal Medicine, E400 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081. Women and minorities are strongly encour- aged to apply. [EOE/AA]

44 The Physiologist Positions Available

Biomedical (Mathematical) Modeler: The United States Assistant Professor: The Department of Kinesiology at the Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is seeking qual- Biophysics & Biomedical Modeling Division, located near ified applicants to fill a tenure-track position at the Assistant Boston, MA in Natick, MA, invites applicants to apply for Professor level in the area of Exercise Physiology. the above permanent position. This position will be respon- Candidates will be expected to contribute to interdiscipli- sible for providing research and technical support for US nary research within the Department, seek extramural fund- Army-sponsored biomedical and biophysics prediction ing, teach at the undergraduate and graduate levels, and modeling to various research studies related to environmen- advise and direct student research. The successful candidate tal stress. Candidates must possess a PhD (or near candida- will be expected to complement Departmental strengths in cy) in the biophysical or physical sciences with some knowl- human lifespan physical activity (including aging), disabili- edge of human (systems) physiology or a closely related ty, disease or rehabilitation. Potential research areas include field and have experience in the mathematical and comput- muscle function, body composition, cardiovascular physiol- er sciences research area. Experience is necessary in knowl- ogy, and neuroendocrine/metabolism. Laboratories exist edge of mathematical models, especially multi-node ther- both within the Department of Kinesiology and campus- moregulatory models, computer languages, and bio-thermal wide to support research in exercise physiology. Further engineering (human response to the environment) research information about the Department of Kinesiology and cur- in humans. Knowledge of various computer hardware and rent faculty can be found at http://www.kines.uiuc.edu. software systems (UNIX or PC-Windows based) and in- Qualifications: An academic background in Kinesiology or depth experience of applied engineering and biophysics related field and the ability to teach one or more courses in methods are a plus. Candidates can obtain further informa- Kinesiology and exercise physiology. A doctorate is tion by sending a letter of interest and resume or curriculum required. Teaching and post-doctoral experience are pre- vitae to: Dr. Richard R. Gonzalez, Chief, Biophysics & ferred. Salary is commensurate with experience and qualifi- Biomedical Modeling Division, US Army Research Institute cations. To assure full consideration, a letter of application, of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007. Tel: vita, and three letters of recommendation should be submit- 508-233-4848; email: [email protected]. ted by February 1, 2001. The appointment will be effective August 21, 2001. Interviews may be conducted before the closing date, but all applications will receive full considera- tion and the final decision will not be made until after that date. Application materials should be sent to: Jeffrey A. Woods, Search Chair; Department of Kinesiology; Assistant Professor—Exercise Physiology: The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 61-a Louise Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences at the University Freer Hall; 906 South Goodwin Avenue; Urbana, IL 61801. of Florida has a position available for an assistant professor. Tel: 217-244-8815; Fax: 217-244-7322. The University of Candidates should have an earned doctorate in exercise Illinois is an Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity physiology, physiology, and/or biochemistry/molecular Employer. All qualified applicants are encouraged to apply. biology; investigative interest in the molecular/cellular aspects of exercise using human and/or laboratory animal Systems Physiologist: Wyle Laboratories, Life Sciences, research models; and postdoctoral research training; univer- Systems & Services, located near Johnson Space Center in sity teaching/advisement experience is desired. The Houston, TX invites applicants to apply for the position of Department is seeking a team-oriented faculty member that Systems Physiologist. This position will be responsible for will collaborate with existing faculty on research of mutual providing research and technical support for NASA-spon- interest. The position is available on August 10, 2001 and is sored flight experiments and ground-based studies. an annual nine-month tenure accruing position. Salary will Candidates must possess a MS in Human Physiology or a be commensurate with experience. The application deadline closely related field and have experience in life sciences is March 1, 2001. Interested candidates should send a letter research. Experience in preparing proposals and manu- of application, a statement of research interests/career goals, scripts are a plus. Qualified applicants should send a scanner a curriculum vitae, three representative reprints, transcripts, legible resume, list of references and salary requirements to: and three letters of recommendation to Dr. Steve Dodd, Wyle Life Sciences, Human Resources Department, 1290 Chair, Search Committee, Department of Exercise and Sport Hercules Drive, Suite 120, Houston, TX 77058-2787; Fax Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 118206, (281) 212-1211 or Email to [email protected]. Gainesville, FL 32611-8206. Position descriptions may be EOE, M/F/H/V Smoke-free workplace. Visit our webpage at viewed at: http://www.hhp.ufl.edu/ess/job.htm. [EOE/AA] www.wylelifesciences.com.

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 45 Positions Available

In vivo specialists: The Merck Research Laboratories Assistant/Associate Professor, Physical Activity and (MRL) division of Merck & Co., Inc., a world leader in bio- Aging: The University of Kansas Department of Health, medical research, is recruiting a limited number of excellent Sport & Exercise Sciences, School of Education, has a scientists with proven expertise in animal physiology and tenure-track position available for an Assistant/Associate pharmacology. Successful candidates will participate in Professor beginning August 2001. Required qualifications: drug discovery programs at our research facilities in the US, appropriate doctoral degree to study physical activity and Canada, and the United Kingdom, working with renowned aging completed before August 1, 2001; excellent oral and colleagues in other disciplines to explore the full range of written communication skills; and potential for effective therapeutic opportunities in central nervous system disor- teaching and external funding. To qualify for associate pro- ders, obesity, diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases, and dis- fessor, it is expected that a prior record of successful uni- eases affecting cardiovascular, pulmonary, urogenital, ocu- versity teaching, research, and external funding is evident. lar, endocrine, and immune function, including transplanta- Preferred qualifications: prior teaching experience at the tion. Our major international research sites possess state-of- college level; postdoctoral training; professional experience the-art facilities, including remote acquisition of biological in a clinical, community, or research setting; external fund- data through telemetry, non-invasive imaging using both ing or potential to obtain external funding; and involvement NMR and PET, and the capability to generate and pheno- in community collaboration projects and professional organ- typically characterize transgenic animals. MRL has izations. Review of applications begins March 16, 2001 and achieved unparalleled success in the pharmaceutical indus- continues until the position is filled. A complete application try as a result of its unwavering commitment to fundamen- includes: letter of application, resume or curriculum vita, tal research. A listing of scientific publications from MRL three letters of recommendation, and up to three publica- through 1999 can be obtained at our Web site: tions. Send to: Kim Johnson, 1301 Sunnyside Ave., Room http://www.merck.com/mrl/staffpub or by writing to the 104, Health, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of address below. Applicants may be drawn from disciplines Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045. Search Committee Chair: that include, but are not limited to, pharmacology, physiolo- Matthew Adeyanju (Tel: 785-864-5552; Email: matthe- gy, neurosciences, psychology, and veterinary medicine but [email protected]). For more information, visit must have significant expertise in in vivo techniques. http://www.soe.ukans.edu. [EOE/AA] Candidates preferably will have some postdoctoral experi- ence, a superior record of accomplishment in biomedical Tenure-Track Faculty Position: The Department of research as demonstrated by a strong publication record, and Biology, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, invites appli- excellent communication skills. We seek individuals who cations for a full-time Tenure-Track Faculty Position in share our core research values in the development of inno- anatomy and physiology. A PhD is required and postdoctor- vative medicines for the treatment of disease. Our salaries, al experience is preferred. Preference given to candidates benefits, and growth potential are excellent. Applicants with demonstrated ability to teach Anatomy and Physiology, interested in working at any of our sites should send their Human Biology and Introduction to Biology. The ability to curriculum vitae (including the names and addresses of teach a course in Comparative Anatomy and/or Embryology three potential references), a statement describing their is desirable. The normal teaching load is 12 credits per research interests, and their preference (if any) with respect semester. Additional expectations include development of to work location, to Neyda Conklin, Ad #120, Merck & Co., an active research program that provides opportunities for Inc., PO Box 2000, R80Y-135, Rahway, NJ 07065. Email: undergraduate participation, student advising, and involve- [email protected] (please reference Ad # 120 in ment in departmental, college, and University committees. subject line). If applying by email, please attach your Full vacancy notice and application information can be resume, preferably as an MS Word document. [EOE] found at http://www.uwrf.edu/biology/position01-11.html and http://www.uwrf.edu/oec/UNCLASSEMP/Biology.htm. Review of applications will begin on January 15, 2001 and continue until the position is filled. Position begins on August 27, 2001. [EOE/AA] Commemorative Service for Carl V.Gisolfi Experimental Biology 2001 Monday,April 2, 7:00-8:15 pm Peabody, Orlando II

46 The Physiologist Positions Available

Tenure-Track Faculty Positions: Applications are invited Postdoctoral Fellows/Research Associates: The for tenure-track faculty positions in the Department of Department of Physiology & Biophysics and the Center for Physiology & Biophysics at the University of Mississippi Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research of the Medical Center. Academic rank is dependent on experience University of Mississippi Medical Center invite applications and qualifications. Applicants should have a PhD and/or MD for Postdoctoral Fellows/Research Associates to train in car- degree with appropriate postdoctoral research experience diovascular and renal research. Candidates must have a PhD and a good record of publications. Special consideration will and/or MD degree with research interests that complement be given to candidates with strong backgrounds in genomics existing areas of excellence in cardiovascular, renal, and and molecular and/or cellular physiology and research inter- neuroendocrine physiology, or the pathophysiology of ests that complement existing areas of excellence in cardio- hypertension and vascular disease. Postdoctoral Fellows vascular, renal, and neuroendocrine physiology, or the will have the opportunity to learn a broad range of methods pathophysiology of kidney disease, hypertension, obesity, and research strategies, including genetics, molecular, bio- and vascular disease. The successful candidate is expected chemical, cellular, whole organ, and integrative biological to develop a nationally recognized research laboratory sup- approaches. Some of the current research areas in the Center ported by extramural funding and to contribute to the teach- include vascular biology, hypertension, diabetes and obesi- ing and service missions of the department. The large group ty, heart failure, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, and pre- of multidisciplinary cardiovascular scientists in the depart- eclampsia. Additional information can be found on the web ment and in the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular- site at http://cecr.umsmed.edu. Salaries are competitive, and Renal Research (CECR) offers excellent opportunities for there is opportunity for rapid promotion to the faculty posi- collaboration. For more information, the physiology depart- tion of Instructor. Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, ment and the CECR web sites can be accessed at a statement of research interests and career goals, a graduate http://phys-main.umsmed.edu and http://cecr.umsmed.edu. transcript, and the names of three references to: Dr. John E. Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a statement of Hall, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of previous and current extramural research funding, and the Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, names of at least three references to: Dr. John E. Hall, Jackson, MS 39216-4505. [EOE, M/F/D/V] Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Associate: The Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Cardiovascular Disease Research Program in the Jackson, MS 39216-4505. [EOE, M/F/D/V] Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute at North Carolina Central University (NCCU) invites applications for Postdoctoral Fellow or Research Associate positions to train in the area of cardiovascular science. Ongoing projects include the analysis of perivascular nerve /smooth muscle Cardiothoracic Surgery—Physiologist: An excellent interactions and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in small arter- opportunity exists for a faculty position in the North Shore- ies using confocal laser microscopy, the development of Long Island Jewish Health System. This would involve transgenic mouse models to study molecular mechanisms of establishing a laboratory examining issues related to car- vessel innervation, the study of the novel endocannabinoid diopulmonary bypass, myocardial protection, cerebral pro- vasodilator pathway, and the study of the renin angiotensin tection, and other aspects of heart and lung surgery. A back- system and target organ damage in hypertension. Salaries ground in cellular and/or molecular biology is required are competitive, and there is opportunity for promotion to along with capability of working with small and large ani- the level of Research Scientist within the Institute. mals in this discipline. The program will be looking at estab- Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a statement of lishing itself in the areas of cardiovascular and pulmonary research interests and career goals, a graduate transcript, and physiology pertinent to cardiothoracic surgery. Candidates the names of three references to: Dr. Richard Bukoski, should have a PhD or MD degree and an excellent track Director, Cardiovascular Disease Research Program, record in publications and postdoctoral research experience. Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, including a Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, statement of research interests and the names of at least NC 27707. Email: [email protected]. NCCU is locat- three references. Please forward curriculum vitae and ed in the Research Triangle, offers opportunities for collab- inquiries to: H. Hank Simms, MD, Chairman, Department oration at Duke, UNC-Chapel Hill, and pharmaceutical/ of Surgery, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, biotech firms in the triangle and provides easy access to the 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030. Tel: 516- Blue Ridge Mountains and Outer Banks for recreational 562-2870; fax: 516-562-4821. opportunities. [EOE, M/F/D/V]

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 47 Positions Available

Active-Living Coordinator: A position is available for an Postdoctoral Fellowship Position in Perinatal active-living coordinator to direct the development of a Physiology: Applications are invited for a postdoctoral fel- comprehensive set of resources for helping older adults lowship position in maternal, fetal, and newborn physiology become and stay physically active. Resources include in the Department of Physiology & Biophysics at the books, videos, software, distance education courses, and University of Calgary. The successful candidate will partic- educational workshops. This position involves conceptualiz- ipate in a Canadian Institutes of Health Research-funded ing resources, guiding the development of these resources, project to investigate the influence of fetal environment on and promoting these resources. The position requires five protective reflexes that the newborn utilizes to survive expo- years experience coordinating academic or scholarly proj- sure to acute hypoxia as may occur during prolonged sleep ects, three years experience marketing and promoting pro- apnea or positional asphyxia. The successful candidate will grams, and excellent analytical and organizational skills. receive training in the fundamental principals of maternal, The position is located in Champaign, IL, home of the fetal, and newborn physiology, as well as acquiring the skills University of Illinois. The position comes with a competi- necessary to develop into an independent investigator. These tive salary and excellent benefits package, including 401(k) will include, but not be limited to, instruction in hypothesis with profit sharing, fitness facility, and subsidized cafeteria. generation, experimental design, critical review of the liter- To apply, send a cover letter and resume to Human ature, data presentation, manuscript preparation, and grant Resources, Human Kinetics, PO Box 5076, Champaign, IL preparation. Interested individuals possessing either a PhD 61825-5076. Fax: 217-351-2674; email: [email protected]. or MD degree should send a curriculum vitae along with For more info, visit http://www.humankinetics.com. [EOE] short- and long-term goals, as well as the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of three referees to: Professor James E. Fewell, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, Postdoctoral Research Position. A postdoctoral position at Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1. Email: [email protected]. the level of Research Associate is immediately available in Review of applications will commence immediately and the laboratory of Professor Peter M. Lalley. The successful continue until the position is filled. applicant will participate in an NIH-funded in vivo study of synaptic sites and mechanisms through which opioids depress the bulbar respiratory neural network. The position Postdoctoral Position: A postdoctoral position is available requires a PhD or MD degree, in vivo surgical expertise, as immediately to study gender and hormonal influences on well as experience and skills with sharp microelectrode cerebrovascular reactivity, with special emphasis on recording and electrophysiological data analysis. This posi- endothelial function, including production of factors affect- tion is funded for a minimum of three years by The National ing contractility and blood coagulation. An advanced degree Institutes of Health, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. in pharmacology or physiology is required, and experience Starting annual salary, $28,260 plus 21% fringe benefits. with in vitro techniques for studying smooth muscle con- Send a curriculum vitae and the names of three scientists traction and/or biochemical approaches for analysis of familiar with the applicant’s qualifications to Peter M. endothelial function are highly desirable. Send a curriculum Lalley, PhD, Professor of Physiology, The University of vitae and the names of three references to: S. P. Duckles, Wisconsin, Madison, MSC, 1300 University Avenue, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Madison, WI 53706. Email: [email protected]. University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4265. E-mail: [AA/EOE] [email protected].

APS Society Mixer Saturday, March 31, 9:00 PM - 12 AM Enjoy sumptuous desserts and dance to the music of “Bunch of Cool Cats.” Peabody, Ballroom D

48 The Physiologist Positions Available

Tenure-Track Faculty Pharmacology Position: The externally funded program. Excellent opportunities exist Department of Physiology of the Northeastern Ohio within the department and institution for collaboration. Universities College of Medicine (NEOUCOM) is seeking Medical student teaching responsibilities will be to partici- applicants to fill a tenure-track (assistant/associate professor pate in teaching the medical pharmacology course. level) position in cardiovascular or pulmonary pharmacolo- Departmental faculty are members of the graduate faculty in gy or physiology. The Department has a cardiopulmonary programs leading to the PhD through the School of research focus and invites applicants who are using modern Biomedical Sciences at Kent State University. The success- cellular and/or molecular biology techniques to address inte- ful candidate will have the opportunity to develop graduate grative physiological problems that complement ongoing courses that relate to his/her specialty. To apply, candidates research programs. Conveniently located near Akron, should send a letter of application describing research expe- Youngstown, Canton, and Cleveland, NEOUCOM is a com- rience and goals, accompanied by a curriculum vitae, and munity-based state medical school offering a combined the names and addresses of three references to Human BS/MD program with the University of Akron, Kent State Resources: c/o Michael B. Maron, PhD, Professor and University, and Youngstown State University. Further infor- Chairperson, Department of Physiology, Northeastern Ohio mation about the Department and Institution can be obtained Universities College of Medicine, PO Box 95, Rootstown, from the NEOUCOM web site at http://www.neoucom.edu. OH 44272-0095. Review of applications will commence Candidates must have a PhD and/or MD with appropriate March 9, 2001 and continue until the position is filled. postdoctoral fellowship training, a strong record of research [AA/EOE] accomplishment, and the ability to establish an independent APS Sustaining Associate Members The Society gratefully acknowledges the contributions received from Sustaining Members in support of the Society’s goals and objectives. Abbott Laboratories Merck and Company, ADInstruments Inc. American Medical Nycomed, Inc. Association Pfizer, Inc. Astra Arcus USA, Inc. Pharmacia and Axon Instruments, Inc. Upjohn, Inc. Berlex Biosciences Procter & Gamble Co. Gould, Inc. Rhone-Poulenc Rorer The Gatorade Company W. B. Saunders The Grass Foundation Company Harvard Apparatus Schering-Plough Janssen Research Research Institute Foundation G. D. Searle and Eli Lilly and Company Company The Mack Printing SmithKline Beecham Group Pharmaceuticals

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 49 Book Review

Sound If there is one underlying theme to the piano, as we know it today. This Patricia Kruth and Henry Stobart emerge from this apparent smorgasbord shift in the size of this particular instru- New York: Cambridge University Press, of chapters, it would undoubtedly be ment reflects a cultural shift in the Early 2000, 235 pp., illus., index, $34.95. that the quality and meaning of sound is to Modern transition when there was ISBN: 0-521-57209-6 in the ear of the beholder—be it bird or much exploration of the lower pitches human, African or European, Medieval in music. The psychophysicist Hermann or Modern. Philip Peek’s chapter on Though not catastrophic, there are Helmholtz began his classic On The silence, for example, provides a fasci- some weak moments in the book. Sensations of Tone with a lofty goal in nating look at how different cultures Jonathan Ashmore’s chapter entitled mind: to finally bridge the gap between appreciate the absence of sound. “Hearing” is really about just one part the science of physical and physiologi- Throughout Africa, speechlessness is of the ear—the cochlea. The chapter cal acoustics and the philosophy of commonly understood to convey suggests that we know nothing about music and aesthetics. Helmholtz was respect, discretion, knowledge and the central auditory system or, at the well aware of the difficulties of this peace. The silence of an elder, for behavioral level, how we perceive dif- task: “The horizons of physics, philoso- example, can effectively hush all social ferent sounds and how we locate them. phy, and art have of late been too wide- inferiors to effectively end proceedings. However, modern neuroscience has ly separated, and, as a consequence, the A person’s silence is also indicative of shown that there are spectacular neural language, the methods, and the aims of good composure and prudence. specializations for speech and music any one of these studies present a cer- Conversely, in loquacious Western soci- perception in humans, and for commu- tain amount of difficulty for the student eties, talk is good and speechlessness nication systems in other animals (e.g. of any other of them.” Although the col- can lead to the dreadful awkward birdsong). Charles Taylor’s chapter on lection of essays in Sound was not silence. A defendant’s silence is often “The Physics of Sound” is a nice over- intended to resolve these timeless diffi- considered an admission of guilt, and all review of different ways musical culties, it nonetheless provides a won- the most talkative among us are consid- instruments produce sound, but he con- derful glimpse of the world of sound ered the socially dominant individuals. stantly refers to auditory demonstra- from a variety of perspectives. Another notable contribution is tions that presumably occurred during The nine essays were presented by Christopher Page’s “Ancestral Voices,” his lecture. As such, many readers will biologists, musicians, physicists, which elegantly tackles the history of feel disconnected throughout much of acousticians, and historians at the music and the evolution of musical the chapter. The editors could have renowned “Darwin College Lectures,” a instruments, specifically, the psaltery made this chapter read more smoothly series of public seminars organized by into the piano. One important myth, with some supplement to the text, per- Darwin College in Cambridge. The which the author debunks, is the notion haps a compact disc with demonstra- book tackles both silence (Philip Peek) that music has somehow progressively tions and examples from each of the and vocal communication (Peter Slater improved over the centuries. Page chapters. Another minor annoyance is on birdsong and Peter Ladefoged on examines the historical context in which the lack of a bibliography. There were speech). It touches upon the physical medieval music, in particular, was cre- many points in the book where I would properties of sound (Charles Taylor) ated and the ways in which musical have liked to pursue a particularly inter- and its perception (Jonathan Ashmore). qualities were valued then devalued. esting issue brought up by the author The collection then turns to the theme This ebb and flow shows that while but could not do so because of the lack of music, exploring musical evolution music has certainly evolved, it has not of references. (Christopher Page and Brian been a progression to some idealized Despite its minor problems, Sound is Ferneyhough), cultural variation in form. In this sense, the evolution of a well-written, illuminating collection music (Steven Feld)), and even the mar- music is like the evolution of organic that Helmholtz himself would have riage of sound and image in film life-non-teleological. The appealing applauded. This volume will be music (Michel Chion). With such a breadth of qualities of music are shaped by the cul- to the ears of acoustic scientists search- topics, the book provides an informa- ture and instruments of the time. The ing for a broad, yet enlightening tive, accessible, and engaging perspec- psaltery, for example, was made to glimpse of the domain of sound. tive on the variety of approaches to the accommodate longer strings for deeper study of sound and the various ways pitches by sacrificing other sound qual- sound pervades our life and the lives of ities and became the harpsichord. The Asif A. Ghazanfar those in other cultures. harpsichord naturally transmuted into Harvard University

50 The Physiologist Book Review

Physiological Medicine: A Endocrine Pancreas and Fuel degree in the section on obesity. The Homeostasis; The Cardiovascular chapter on female sex hormones would Clinical Approach to Basic System; Respiratory Physiology; Renal have been enhanced by a better discus- Medical Physiology. Physiology; Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid- sion of hormonal changes at the Vishwanath R. Lingappa and Krista Base, and Blood Pressure Regulation; menopause and a better description of Farey. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000, Physiology of the Hypothalamus and post-menopausal physiological changes 1088 pp., illus., index, $39.95. Pituitary; Physiology of the Thyroid and their associated diseases. There is, ISBN: 0-07-038128-3 Gland; Adrenal Physiology; Calcium however, a good description in the book and Mineral Metabolism; Physiology of of bone pathophysiology and the risk of Physiological medicine, a clinical the Male Reproductive System; osteoporosis. There is relatively little approach to basic medical physiology is Physiology of the Female Reproductive information in the book on the physio- a valuable text for clinicians who com- System; Physiology of Pregnancy, the logical changes associated with aging. pleted their medical training, for resi- Neonate, and Growth; Physiology of A separate chapter on the physiology of dents in clinical specialties and for the Nervous System; Introduction to aging would be useful given that the medical students especially as a com- Host Defense; and Organ System major burden of disease in the popula- plementary text, and for trainees in Integration. tion occurs among older individuals. other health-related fields. The book is On the other hand, the book provides The book also would have benefited well written with excellent diagrams of a more integrated view of pathophysiol- from some discussion of genetic varia- key physiological mechanisms that are ogy of disease than would be available tion in physiological responses and how then linked with various aspects of clin- in a specialty textbook. they relate to “disease susceptibility.” ical medicine. The bibliography is rela- There are a few areas that would have In summary, physiologic medicine is an tively up-to-date. The field of physio- enhanced the value of the book. extremely ambitious, well-written text. logical medicine rapidly changes with Specifically, it is difficult to follow the This book will be useful, as noted, for a new advances in understanding of different sections related to energy medical students as well as for clini- pathophysiology of disease. Yet, in most metabolism without having to read cians in practice and may be especially chapters, the information appears to be through chapters on the liver, digestive valuable as a text in courses for other up-to-date, probably more so than in organs, pancreas and insulin. It would health-related disciplines such as traditional, larger clinical textbooks. have been useful to include a better trainees in epidemiology, genetics, The scope of the material covered in the description of nutrients such as fat, car- environmental health sciences, for grad- 20 chapters and 905 pages is necessari- bohydrate, protein, etc. and their uate students in other basic sciences of ly superficial as compared to textbooks sources in the diet and then trace specif- medicine and health other than physiol- that deal with specific organ systems, ic nutrients from digestion through their ogy. This obviously cannot replace text- such as digestive diseases, cardiology, metabolism and then provide some books which specifically focus on one neurophysiology and neurology, etc. description of the diseases specifically or two organ systems or on specific The 20 chapters include: Principles of related to the various dietary sources pathophysiological processes, i.e., cal- Physiology and Medical Knowledge; and their metabolism. cium, metabolism, cardiovascular dis- Molecular Foundations of Physiology; There is a relative absence of a dis- ease, atherosclerosis, etc. ❖ Command and Control of Organ cussion of physiology of energy expen- Systems; Liver Physiology; Gastroin- diture, how we measure “energy bal- Lewis H. Kuller testinal Physiology; Physiology of the ance.” The topic is covered to a limited University of Pittsburgh John F. Perkins Memorial Award The John F. Perkins, Jr. Memorial Award promotes cultural and have sufficient funds to cover the needs of the visiting and scientific benefits associated with the international scientist. aspects of physiology. The award provides supplementary Two to four awards are made each year. Applications for aid to families of foreign scientists working in the US. In this the Perkins Award must be made jointly by the host, who way, young scientists are able to bring their families and, must be an APS member, and the visitor. The recipient thus, make full use of the cultural, as well as the scientific, receives funds generally not exceeding $3,000. The size of benefits associated with an international exchange. The pro- the award depends on the estimated needs over and above gram presupposes that the visiting scientist and his/her host the amount already available to the visiting scientist. already have made arrangements for scientific collaboration The deadline for applications is May 15 and November 15.

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 51 Book Review

Atlas of Functional The substantive material is divided important of these structure and with into three parts: the first is an orienta- CT and MRI scans. This component of Neuroanatomy tion and description of the main parts of the monograph is commendable. The Walter J. Hendelman the spinal cord and brain; the second is functional aspects of neuroanatomy and Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2000, 258 pg., an illustrative guide through the rela- the systems which they form suffer illus., index, $39.95. tions of certain ones of these parts in the from a paucity of detail. The glossary at ISBN: 0-8493-1177-2. sensory and motor systems; the third is the end should be useful. For the visually minded student of the a regrouping of the structures put to If this atlas were to serve as an orien- neurosciences and medicine, this mono- service in clinical neurology. Naturally, tation to neurological medicine, it graph should offer a useful introduc- one can find some degree of overlap and would need the elaboration of an expe- tion. Consonant with the current educa- inconsistency in the separation of the rienced instructor. For the prospective tional trends, it attempts to eliminate the three sections. neuroscientist, it should be more valu- details of neuroanatomy and to focus on The anatomical displays combine able. ❖ what the author, an experienced teacher photographs of the spinal cord and Raymond D. Adams of the subject, considers the essentials. brain with caricatures of the more Massachusetts General Hospital Books Received Animal Experimentation: A Guide to Intestinal Lipid Metabolism. illus., index, $70.00. the Issues. Charles M. Mansbach II, Patrick Tso, ISBN: 0-87993-459-X. Vaughan Monamy. and Arnis Kuksis (Editors). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, Physics for the Biological Sciences: A 2000, 110 pp., index, $15.95. 2001, 434 pp., index, $135.00. Topical Approach to Biophysical ISBN: 0-521-66786-0. ISBN: 0-306-46241-9. Concepts, 3rd Edition. F.R. Hallett, J.L. Hunt, E.L. The Development of Sarcoplasmic LabView: Data Acquisition & Analysis McFarland, G.H. Renninger, R.H. Reticulum. for the Movement Sciences. Stinson, and D.E. Sullivan. Anthony N. Martonosi. Andrew L. McDonough. Toronto: Harcourt Canada, 2001, 548 Newark, NJ: Harwood, 2000, 622 pp., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp., $72.95. index, $118.00. 2001, 238 pp., illus., index, $64.00. ISBN: 0-7747-3728-X. ISBN: 90-5702-602-3. ISBN: 0-13-012847-3. Primary Pediatric Pulmonology. The Horizontal Gene Pool. Muscle Development and Growth. Allen J. Dozor. Christopher M. Thomas (Editor). Ian A. Johnston (Editor). Armonk, NY: Futura, 2000, 304 pp., Newark, NJ: Harwood, 2000, 420 pp., Fish Physiology Series, Vol. 18. illus., index, $88.00. index, $110.00. New York: Academic, 2001, 318 pp., ISBN: 0-87993-464-6. ISBN: 90-5702-462-4. illus., index, $99.95. ISBN: 0-12-350442-2. The Osteoporosis Primer. Human Paleobiology. Janet E. Henderson and David Robert B. Eckhardt. Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Goltzman (Editors). New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, Sensory and Motor Function. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000, 350 pp., index, $80.00. John K. Chapin and Karen A. Moxon 2000, 372 pp., illus., index, $64.95. ISBN: 0-521-45160-4. (Editors). Methods & New Frontiers in ISBN: 0-521-64446-1. Neuroscience Series. Illustrated Principles of Exercise Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 2001, 296 pp., Shape and Structure, From Physiology. illus., index, $99.95. Engineering To Nature. Kenneth Axen and Kathleen Vermitsky ISBN: 0-8493-2225-1. Adrian Bejan. Axen. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Noninvasive Positive Pressure 2000, 324 pp., $39.95. 2001, 306 pp., table of contents, Ventilation: Principles and ISBN: 0-521-79388-2. $20.00. Applications. ISBN: 0-13-040022-X. Nicholas S. Hill, (Editor). Amonk, NY: Futura, 2000, 256 pp.,

52 The Physiologist Obituary

Donald Jeffrey Reis 1931-2000

Donald Jeffrey Reis, Professor of able. It became immediately clear that Neurology at Cornell University Weil his own neurological training under the Medical College, died after a long ill- influence of Denny Brown and Harold ness on November 1, 2000. With his Wolf had created a neurologist with passing, the American Physiological great clinical gifts. His diagnostic skills Society lost a longstanding member and and his movements toward therapeutic friend. For nearly forty years Don judgement were done with such facility enriched our scientific environment that we young trainees were often left with stimulating ideas and challenged scratching our heads how this lab doctor us at meetings with insightful questions. could be so quick. It also soon became Through his Laboratory of Neurobiol- clear that he applied the scientific ogy at Cornell he provided the rich method in clinical diagnosis. That he milieu through which many young and could so effectively merge his scientific aspiring academic scientists would discipline and clinical skills was one of pass. But just being in Don’s company the great lessons learned on rounds with made for a rich milieu. His will truly be Donald J. Reis him. He remains a role model as we a lasting legacy. He left behind a devot- which student housing may not, even seek to encourage more young physi- ed wife Cornelia and family as well as now, have recovered. He never strayed cians to enter the field of science and an extended family consisting of a all that far from his music and even contribute in their own way to scientific world of friends. He had many facets, brought a piano, discarded on a New discovery. too many for this tribute to do justice in York City street, into the lab for our Teacher and Mentor: Role models this space. I will touch but briefly on a (and his) occasional entertainment. have a tendency to teach by example few and mention only a few of the many Music certainly provided a soothing and Don was no exception. It was dur- individuals whose work with Don con- influence there. As we in that lab ing his teaching rounds that I first saw tributed to his impact. To the innumer- enjoyed the company of some fifty sci- how he observed at the bedside, ana- able contributors whose names I don’t entists who worked so closely together, lyzed what was not known about the mention I apologize, but one and all you Don used to tell me that the best train- biology of a patient’s condition, and are honored in this tribute to Don. ing for his job as lab director might began to develop hypotheses that could Musician and Entertainer: Before have been under the impresario of the then be taken to the lab. One particular he did any of the things for which most Metropolitan Opera: something to do rounds stands out because it stimulated will remember him, Don was a musi- with prima donnas. Despite his love for my entering a field that had been for- cian, a gifted pianist. I had heard Don music Don felt that he could make a eign to me before I met Don. On that play many times and recognized his tal- greater impact on the world through his occasion, while discussing a patient ent, but I did not realize until the memo- science. As I was to find, he was almost with orthostatic hypotension, Don gave rial service held in his honor on always right. Clearly the loss to music us a summary of then current knowl- November 17, 2000, that he had com- was a gain to science. Fortunately he edge of cardiovascular reflex control. posed music for the piano. One of his never lost his ability to entertain so that As he proceeded, his enthusiasm for the compositions, played at the service, a scientific presentation by Reis was a topic became contagious and the map made it clear that this young composer joy even to those who didn’t understand he drew of central reflex circuitry came could bring his great sense of expres- all the subject matter. alive. A year later as I sought his coun- sion to music much as he did in his con- Physician: Don and I first met in sel about my desire to enter a scientific tacts with friends. I also learned that 1974 during my first year in the Cornell career, that discussion was still fresh in Don’s ability to regale audiences with Neurology resident training program my mind. His way of helping me find his humorous tales was a lifelong trait. and his eleventh year there. We met my way into a lab was not by giving He was apparently known as a great because the professional Don was first a directions but instead by allowing me to entertainer, musical improvisator, and neurologist. He attended in the care of find my own direction. When he asked stage presence while an undergraduate patients at New York Hospital at that what was the thing that had heightened student at Cornell. His band of like- time and brought to attending rounds at my enthusiasm the most during my minded students was a group from the bedside something rather remark- medical training, I immediately related

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 53 Obituary how those significant rounds had excit- influence that has meant so much to stu- be taken to the cellular level, but it ed me. He not only offered to have me dents of central autonomic control and would appear in further systemic stud- join his lab, but he also saw to it that I cardiovascular physiology. His work ies like those performed by Blessing would work with just the right people to with Nobutaka Doba and Wayne Crill and Sved, who, while working in Don’s provide for my growth. Of course, my put the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) lab, demonstrated integration of neu- experience was not unique. It replayed on the cardiovascular physiologists’ roendocrine and sympathetic control itself time and again with others who map and his later work with Chris Ross through the caudal ventrolateral medul- entered the Laboratory of Neurobiology and David Ruggiero established the la and began studies that would lead to and led many to think of Don as their importance of the rostral ventrolateral our current understanding of the barore- scientific father, a title that particularly medulla in sympathetic control. The flex arc. made him cringe. NTS work made the possibility of “neu- As can be seen with a look at the Ever Inquisitive Scientist: Even as a rogenic hypertension” a reality as did composite of his studies, Don’s medical student at Cornell Medical his subsequent work with Miura, Hoff, approach was not to study mechanisms College, Don began to bloom as a pro- Dampney, Kumada, and Doba in of isolated phenomena. The body of his ductive scientist who took advantage of describing central mechanisms of the work sheds light on his belief that the every opportunity to broaden the scope Cushing Response and regions of the brain has the capacity to regulate not of his investigation. One of his first pub- brain stem where application of slight only peripheral circulation but also its lications dealt with a cutaneous reflex, pressure or hypoxia led to increased own blood flow. Considering the diving the palmomental reflex, often tested by blood pressure. With Snyder and reflex, Don hypothesized that the brain neurologists at the time. But his paper Nathan he described disturbances in could also provide some protection for went beyond a simple description of the blood pressure regulation with central itself from damaging effects of reflex and established the sites in the lesions but also contributed to our ischemia and he began to seek a puta- brain from which the reflex arose. In understanding of the integration of car- tive central oxygen sensor. From those honing his skills he worked at UCLA diovascular control with behavior, a hypotheses grew his work with Doba, with Magoun, at the NIH with MacLean theme that he addressed repeatedly with Nakai, Iadecola, and Golanov who and Axelrod, at the Karolinska Institute Joseph LeDoux. His efforts to under- showed the influence of the fastigial with Kugelberg and Granit, at Chiba stand the pharmacology of central nucleus of the cerebellum on peripheral University with Homma, and at the reflex control led to contributions on and central circulation and the influence National Hospital at Queens Square transmitters in all of the systems he of central neurons on brain damage fol- with Blackwood. In 1963 he returned to studied. As was typical of most of his lowing ischemia. It was toward these Cornell to join the Department of studies, he used multidisciplinary latter studies that Don was working at Neurology being molded by Fred Plum. approaches to address each question. the time of his death. There, with Plum and Posner, he partic- Often his contribution to the finished The impact that Don Reis had on the ipated in developing a neurological pro- product surpassed the scientific and led field of cardiovascular physiology is gram whose emphasis was not the to new terms such as “suicide transport” indeed profound and widely acknowl- descriptive neurology of the past but a that he coined with Wiley in their first edged amongst APS. Therefore, with a dynamic neurology with great empha- work describing cellular effects of toxic desire to develop a perpetual memorial sis, from bedside to bench, on normal lectins. New avenues of study began to to Don, the APS has announced a cam- physiology and pathophysiology. His emerge through collaborations with paign to develop a fund that will endow reputation as a scientist in that program Virginia Pickel in immunohistochem- a lectureship and award program to be quickly passed from intramural to extra- istry and Tong Joh in neurochemistry. presented annually at the Experimental mural to international and he began the With them, the integration theme could Biology meeting. ❖ Donald J. Reis Memorial Fund to be Established The Neural Control and Autonomic Regulation, Central an APS endowed lectureship or annual award to be present- Nervous System, and Cardiovascular Sections of APS have ed at the Experimental Biology Meeting. Contributions can begun a drive to establish a perpetual memorial for Donald be sent to the Donald J. Reis Memorial Fund, c/o The Reis. Reis has made lasting contributions to cardiovascular American Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville Pike, physiology and neurophysiology and has had a significant Bethesda, MD 20814-3991. Those seeking further informa- impact on the careers of many APS members. His legacy of tion may contact Martin Frank at [email protected], outstanding research, teaching and leadership deserves Jeanne Seagard at [email protected], Susan Barman at recognition. With the concurrence of Reis’s wife Cornelia, [email protected], or Kathleen Berecek at bere- we would like to initiate a fundraising campaign to support [email protected].

54 The Physiologist People & Places

Simon Receives Japanese Award On November 3, 2000, the Prime decoration ceremonies, including par- Minister of Japan, on behalf of the ticipation in a formal and solemn audi- Emperor of Japan and at the behest of ence with the Emperor himself. the Japanese Ministry of Culture, deco- The award was made in appreciation rated APS member Eckhart Simon, of Simon’s mentoring of a large number the Experimental Biology 2000 of Japanese postdocs over the 35 years Distinguished Lecturer of the Environmen- of his active career, such that he has had tal and Exercise Physiology Section with a profound impact on Japanese physiol- the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays ogy, particularly in the areas of environ- with Neck Ribbon. This is Class 3 of the mental and thermal physiology and in oldest Japanese order of merit; there are the neuroendocrinology of body fluid eight classes of this award. Hence, this balance, his main interests. His collabo- decoration is very prestigious, indeed. rations with his former pupils continue, This recognition involved various post- Eckhart Simon in many cases, to this day. ❖ Lindsey Named Interim Vice President for Research at University of South Florida Bruce Lindsey, chair of physiology will help USF’s research department Lindsey was part of the founding and biophysics at the University of maintain a good name. “Dr. Lindsey is group of USF’s neuroscience program. South Florida (USF), has been appoint- an excellent researcher and a very able He also was chairman for the committee ed interim vice president for research at administrator,” Genshaft said in a state- that established a doctoral program in the school. USF President Judy ment. “I know we will continue to have the department of neuroscience. Genshaft said she is confident Lindsey a great performance in research.”

Accepting a position with the Scott Hayden Carlson is currently Accepting a position with the Department of Biology, University of with the Department of Biology, Luther Department of Medicine and Nephrol- William Jewell College, Liberty, MO, College, Decorah, IA. Previously, ogy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Tara Jeffrey Allen has moved from the Carlson was with the Department of Eddie Leon Greene has moved from Department of Physiology, University Vascular Biology and Hypertension, the Department of Medicine and of Missouri, Columbia, MO. University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL. Section of Nephrology, Medical Univ- ersity South Carolina, Charleston, SC. A. Vania Apkarian has joined the Moving from the WIC Nutrition Department of Physiology, Northwest- Program, Amarillo, TX, Edgar Lichar Accepting a position with Entelos Inc., ern University, Chicago, IL. Prior to his Dillon has joined the Nutritional Randolph, NJ, Mary Hastings Hager new position, Apkarian was with the Biochemistry Laboratory, NASA is no longer with the College of St. Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. Elizabeth, Morristown, NJ. SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse, NY. Paul Fadel has joined the Division of Jong-sik Hah has joined the Hypertension, University of Texas Department of Physiology, Ewha Bork Balkan has accepted a position Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Womans University College of with the Institute for Diabetes Discov- TX. Fadel was previously with the Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Hah was on ery, Branford, CT. Balkan was previ- Department of Integrative Physiology, sabbatical leave at the Department of ously associated with the Novartis University of North Texas, Ft.Worth, Physiology & Biophysics, State Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, NJ. TX. University of New York at Buffalo, NY.

Joining the Department of Pharmacol- Accepting a position with the Formerly with the Department of ogy & Toxicology, University of Utah, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pediatric Surgery, Mott Children’s Salt Lake City, UT, Steven L. Bealer and Pharmacology, Auburn University Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann has moved from the Department of School of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Arbor, MI, Carroll McWilliams Physiology & Biophysics, University of AL, Mary F. Forman has moved from Harmon has joined the Department of Tennessee Health Science Center, the Poultry Science Center, University Pediatric Surgery, University of Memphis, TN. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Alabama, Birmingham, AL. Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 55 People & Places

Joining the Department of Toxicology, Physiology, Institute of Industrial Accepting a position with the Covance Laboratories Inc., Madison, Ecological Sciences, University of Department of Kinesiology & Applied WI, Jay K. Herman has moved from Occupational and Environmental Physiology, Neural Control of the Department of Comparative Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. Movement Laboratory, University of Bioscience, University of Wisconsin, Colorado, Boulder, CO, Minoru Madison, Wisconsin. Accepting a position with the Shinohara was with the Department of Department of Exercise and Sport Life Science, Lab Sports Science, Karl G. Hofbauer is now the Chair of Science, The University of Utah, Salt University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Applied Pharmacology, Departments of Lake City, UT, James Charles Martin Pharmacology and Biology, University has moved from the Department of Having joined the Department of of Basel, Basel Switzerland. Prior to his Exercise Science, University of South Biomedical Research, Navy Experi- new position, Hofbauer was Head of Carolina, Columbia, SC. mental Diving Unit, Panama City, FL, Cardiovascular Biology Research, Barbara E. Shykoff recently moved Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland. Kevin D. Monahan has joined the from the Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania Millard Fillmore Hospital, Buffalo, NY. Armin Just has accepted an appoint- State University College of Medicine, ment with the Department of Cell and Hershey, PA. Prior to his new appoint- Richard A. Steinbrook has accepted a Molecular Physiology, University of ment, Monahan was with the position with the Department of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Prior Department of Kinesiology, University Anesthesia and Critical Care, Beth to his new assignment, he was with the of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathophys- Boston, MA. Prior to his new position, iology, Heidelberg, Germany. Randall Kent Packer has joined the Steinbrook was with the Department of Department of Biological Science, Anesthesia, Brigham & Women’s Joining the Division of Nephrology and George Washington University, Hospital, Boston, MA. Medicine as Instructor in Medicine, Washington, DC. Prior to his new Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, appointment, Packer was Vice Joining the Eli Lilly Australia Party Ltd, Thailand, Chagriya Kitiyakara has President, Academic Affairs, Moravian Macquarie Park, Australia, Jodie left the Division of Nephrology and College, Bethlehem, PA. Maree Stocks has left the School of Medicine, Georgetown University Human Movement, Australian Catholic Medical Center, Washington, DC. Formerly with the Biomedical University, North Sydney, Australia. Engineering Program, Pennsylvania Michael T. C. Liang has affiliated with State University, University Park, PA, Linda S. Tompkins has accepted a Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Kaushik Parthasarathi has joined the position with the Department of Basic California State Polytechnic University, Department of Physiology and Cellular Research, The Parkinson’s Institute, Pomona, CA. Previously, Liang was Biophysics, Columbia University, New Sunnyvale, CA. Formerly, Tompkins with the Division of Kinesiology, York, NY. was with the Department of Physiology, Bowling Green State University, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Bowling Green, OH. Siriwan Prapong has joined the Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mary H. Van Soeren recently moved Recently, Michael A. Linshaw joined College of Veterinary Medicine, from the Intensive Care Unit, St. the Department of Pediatrics Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Joseph’s Health Center, London, Nephrology, Massachusetts General Thailand, Having moved to Bangkok Ontario, Canada, to the Guelph General Hospital, Boston, MA. Previously, from the Department of Biomedical Hospital Administration, Guelph, Linshaw was with the Department of Science, Iowa State University College Ontario, Canada. Pediatrics Nephrology, New England of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA. Medical Center, Boston, MA. Diane Carla Rein recently affiliated Having accepted a position with the with BioComm Consultants, Cincinatti, Department of Physiology, Wakayama OH. Prior to her new position, Rein was Medical University, Wakayama City, with the Department of Biological Japan, Masanobu Maeda has moved Sciences, University of Cincinnati, from the Department of Systems Cincinnati, OH.

56 The Physiologist Announcements

COSEPUP Releases Guide for Postdocs ACLAM Foundation Request for The Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy Proposals Available (COSEPUP), a joint committee of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of The updated Request for Proposals is available on the Medicine has issued a Guide to Enhancing the Postdoctoral American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine web site Experience for Scientists and Engineers. The guide “offers its at www.aclam.org. You are encouraged to apply for a grant of assessment of the postdoctoral experience and provides prin- up to $20,000. ciples and recommendations for enhancing it.” Through awarding high quality research grants, the The full text of the Guide is available at COSEPUP’s ACLAM Foundation is working to expand the body of Webguide to Enhancing the Postdoctoral Experience for knowledge in the fields of laboratory animal science and Scientists and Engineers at http://www.nationalacademies. medicine. Please take time to visit the web site and learn org/postdocs. about past Foundation grants. The eight grants awarded this year are: 1) Development of Long-Acting Analgesics for Relief of Postoperative Pain in Rodents New NIGMS Brochures Available 2) Analgesic Efficacy of Oral Buprenorphine in Rats 3) The Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Murine The National Institute of General Medicine Sciences has Immune Responses published two new brochures. 4)Well-Being of Rabbits Immunized with Freund’s The Chemistry of Health describes how basic chemistry Complete Adjuvant and biochemistry research can spur a better understanding of 5) The Spacing Behavior and Social Preferences of human health. Laboratory Rabbots Scientists for the 21st Century: Biomedical Research and 6) Surveillance of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Sheep: Training Opportunities for Minorities describes NIGMS’ Detection of Shedders by DNA Amplification Using research and research training programs designed to increase Polymerase Chain Reaction the number of minority biomedical scientists. 7) Determination of Shedding Frequency of B Virus in Contact the institute to obtain either brochure. Both publi- Pair-Housed Rhesus Macaques cations will also be available on their website at 8) Development of a Recombinant Antigen-Based http://www.nigms.nih.gov/about_nigms. Immunoassay for Mouse T Lymphotropic Virus

Deadlliines!! Deadlliines!! The APS sponsored awards are plentiful, but in order to be considered, don’t forget to submit the application information before the deadline! Award Next Deadlineline John F. Perkins, Jr., Memorial Fellowships May 15 William T. Porter Fellowship Award July 15 Research Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Teaching Career Enhancement Awards October 15 Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award November 1 Arthur C. Guyton Awards in Integrative Physiology November 1 Giles F. Filley Memorial Awards for Excellence in Respiratory Physiology and Medicine November 1 Lazaro J. Mandel Young Investigator Award November 1 Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards November 6 Caroline tum Suden/Francis A. Hellebrandt Professional Opportunity Awards November 6

Vol. 44, No. 1, 2001 57 Scientific Meetings and Congresses

February 15-18 April 22-27 17th Computed Body Tomography 2001: The Cutting 22nd Annual International Society for Gravitational Edge, Orlando, FL. Information: Office of Continuing Physiology Meeting, Budapest, Hungary. Information: Medical Education, Johns Hopkins University School of Professor Laszlo Simon, President of ISGP, Medicine, Turner 20, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD [email protected]; or Dr. Peter Norsk, Chairman of ISGP 21205. Tel: 410-955-2939; fax: 410-955-0807; email: Gouncil of Trustees, [email protected]; Internet: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.med.jhu.edu/cme. http://www.isgp.org.

February 17-21 April 22-26 Biophysical Society 45th Annual Meeting, Boston, MA. 11th International Conference Second Messengers and Information: Biophysical Society Office, 9650 Rockville Phosphoproteins, Melbourne, Australia. Information: Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814. Tel: 301-530-7114; fax: 301-530- Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www. 7133; email: [email protected]; Internet: secondmessengers.com. http://www.biophysics.org/biophys/society/annmtg/. May 2-4 February 17-23 3rd Annual Samuel A. Latt/Motown microarray Meeting: SPIE’s International Symposium on Medical Imaging, Genomics and Proteomics in Cancer, Detroit, MI San Diego, CA. Information: Society of Photo-Optical Information: Dr. Alexander Nakeff, Josephine Ford Cancer Instrumentation Engineers, PO Box 10, Bellingham, WA Center, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Detroit, 98227-0010. Tel: 360-676-3290; fax: 360-647-1445; email: MI 48202. Tel: 313/874-4879; fax: 313/874-6824; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.spie.org/info/mi. [email protected]; Internet: http://www.samlatt.org.

March 3-9 May 6-8 Genome 2001 Tri-Conference, San Francisco, CA. Spinal Cord Trauma: Neural Repair and Functional Information: Cambridge Healthtech Institute, 1037 Chestnut Recovery, Montreal, Canada. Information: Ms. Chantal Street, Newton Upper Falls, MA 02464. Tel: 617-630-1300 or Nault. Tel: 514-343-6366; fax: 514-343-6113; email: chan- 888-999-6288; fax: 617-630-1325; email: chi@healthtech. [email protected]; Internet: http://www.crsn.umontre- com; Internet: http://www.healthtech.com. al.ca/XXIIIs.

March 21-24 May 16-19 Heart and Brain: 5th International Conference on Stroke Psychoneuroimmunology: Molecules to Disease Models and 2nd Conference of the Mediterranean Stroke Society, (9th International Meeting), Utrecht, The Netherlands Istanbul, Turkey. Information: Stroke 5 Conference, c/o Information: The Psychoneuroimmunology Research Kenes International-Professional Congress Organizers (PCO) Society. Email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www. and International Association Management, PO Box 50006, PNIRS.org. Tel Aviv 61500, Israel. Tel: +972-3-5140018/9; fax: +972-3- 5172484 or +972-3-5140077; email: [email protected]; June 4-7 Internet: http://www.kenes.com/stroke5. Critical Issues in Tumor Microcirculation, Angiogenesis and Metastasis: Biological Significance and Clinical March 30 Relevance (Sixteenth Annual Offering), Boston, MA. Cerebrovascular Topics at Johns Hopkins: Focus on Information: Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Acute Stroke Therapies, Baltimore, MD. Information: General Hospital. Internet: http://steele.mgh.harvard.edu. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Office of Continuing Medical Education, Turner 20, 720 Rutland June 13-16 Avenue, Baltimore MD 21205. Tel: 410-955-2959; fax: 410- NephroAsia 2001: Conquering Current Challenges in 955-0807; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www. Nephrology (International Meeting of National Kidney med.jhu.edu/cme. Foundation of Singapore, American Society of Nephrology, and American Nephrology Nurses’ March 30-31 Association), Singapore. Information: National Kidney ASPET Colloquim: G Protein Coupled Receptors, Foundation of Singapore. Tel: +65-299-0200; fax: +65-299- Orlando, FL. Information: ASPET, 9650 Rockville Pike, 3164; email: [email protected]; Internet: http://www. Bethesda, MD 20814. Internet: http://www.faseb.org/aspet/ nephroasia.com. GPRC_Program.html#top.

58 The Physiologist MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY Tphys2.01 Check membership category you are applying for: ❑ Regular ❑ Affiliate ❑ Student Do you currently hold membership in the APS? ❑ Yes ❑ No If you answered yes to above, what is your category of Membership?______Year elected?______Name of Applicant: ______/______/______Last Name or Family Name First Name Middle Name

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Please turn over for 2 more questions...and mailing instructions. Membership Application (Continued...) Applicant Last Name (please print)______

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LIST YOUR PUBLICATIONS FROM THE PAST 5 YEARS (List them in the same style as sample below). Sample: Cheung, Stephen S., and Tom M. McLellan. Heat acclimation, aerobic fitness, and hydration effects on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(5): 1731-1739, 1998.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION: Do not include a curriculum vitae or reprints. Mail your application to: Membership Services Department, The American Physiological Society 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3991 (U.S.A.) Send no money now: You will receive a dues statement upon approval of membership.

Approval Deadlines: Regular membership applications are considered for approval by the Council three times per year. Student and Affiliate membership applications are accepted monthly upon approval of the Executive Director of the Society.

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