The Italic People of Ancient Apulia: New Evidence from Pottery for Workshops, Markets, and Customs Edited by T

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04186-8 - The Italic People of Ancient Apulia: New Evidence from Pottery for Workshops, Markets, and Customs Edited by T. H. Carpenter, K. M. Lynch and E. G. D. Robinson Index More information

INDEX

AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), 248 fortified settlements, 20–22, 42 Achaean alphabet, 47, 246 hierarchal settlements, 22–23 Aeschylus, 274 political relations with Greeks, 46, 61 Agathokles, 43 religion, 20 Albergotti, Marquis Alberico, 288 assimilation of Hellenic pantheon, 20 Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 284 cave sanctuaries, 20 Alexander of Molossus, 32–33, 41–42, 45–46 rural sanctuaries, 20 Alfonso (Aragon), 14–16 social organization, 23 amber jewelry, 2, 266 stock raising in, 14–16 anakalypsis, 226 weapons and warfare, 27–28 Ansidei collection, 288 weaving at, 16–18 Antiochus, on origins of different wheel-made painted pottery, 31f. See also populations, 40, 44, 57–58 archaeological sites Antoninus Liberalis, on origins of different archaeobotanical analysis, 235n26 populations, 59 archaeological sites Aphrodite sanctuary at Saturo, 74, 75–76 Altamura, 34n20, 34n43, 47, 224 Appian, on origins of different populations, Anzi, 96 40, 59–60 Armento, 96, 111–112n14, 237n54 Apulia Arpi, 21–22, 24, 40, 146 Attic imports, 28–30 Ascoli Satriano, 25, 172 fall-off of red-figure imports, 29–30 Athens, Agora, 82, 267–268 common language in, 18 Azetium, 156–157 dress of, 18–19 Bari, 288, 296 end of native Apulian cultures, 32–33 Basentello Valley, 16, 17f, 22–23 ethnicity of artisans, 32 Bitonto, 153–155, 179 ethnography, anthropology and material customer preferences, 156 culture, 18–20 female tomb, 154, 155 figure-decorated pottery workshops reuse of tombs, 154 established in, 1–2 warrior tomb, 154 geography and geology of, 13–14 Brindisi (Brundisium), 46, 228 iconography as different from Attic Apulian pottery, 191, 192, 193, 296 antecedents, 6, 7–8 bronze herald’s staff, 39f, 39, 44 land use in, 13 Canosa (Canusium), 14–15, 170f map of physical geography of, 15f changes in tomb types, 263n55 political organization, 20–23 female burials, 180

339

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04186-8 - The Italic People of Ancient Apulia: New Evidence from Pottery for Workshops, Markets, and Customs Edited by T. H. Carpenter, K. M. Lynch and E. G. D. Robinson Index More information

340 efh Index

archaeological sites (cont.) Nemea, 276 funerary assemblage as standard set, Ordona, 176, 178 177–178 Oria, 43, 187, 193 Piccolo Vimini tomb, 169–171, 175, Ortelle, 189–190 182n18 Otranto, 214 placement of tombs, 169 Pantanello, 96, 227, 264n68 sanctuary at, 20 Rocavecchia, 189, 190–191, 192 Tomb 1.08 in via Piano S. Giovanni, Rudiae, 190, 195–197, 200, 205 178–180 evidence of cult practices, 20 Tomb 8.08 in via Piano S. Giovanni, hypogeum, 24 175–176, 176f, 178 Rugge, 296 Varrese hypogeum, 24–25, 25f Rutigliano, 155, 156 weapon in tombs as social marker, 180 customer preferences, 156 Carovigno, 190–191 dating of tombs, 155 Cavallino, 20, 187, 189 evidence of cult practices, 20 Ceglie del Campo, 6, 179, 296 Ruvo di Puglia, 6, 139–144, 296 Ceglie Messapica, 189 armor in tombs, 266 Conversano, 157–161, 162–166 funerary assemblage from, 140f dating of tombs, 157, 158 gold from tombs, 266, 269 princeps/military leader tomb, 162–165, Tomb 1/1993, 142–143, 143f, 144 165f, 166 Tomb 2/1997, 144–145, 146 semi-chamber tombs, 157, 162 Tomb of the Dancers, 18–19, 304 Corinth, 252 warrior fossa Tomb A, 140f, 140–142 Egnazia, 20, 190, 195–197, 198–200 warrior fossa Tomb B, 146–149 Gioia del Colle, 47, 287, 296 Salapia 139, 172 Monte Sannace, 21, 21f, 23, 250–251 Saldone, 96 Gravina, 6, 27f, 30, 47, 177 Sant’ Angelo Vecchio, 96 Botromagno, 9n4, 16, 30, 32, 177: cave San Mauro Forte, 246 tomb, 25–26; chamber tomb, 24f, 24; Saturo, 74, 75–76, 95n114 fortification walls, 21, 22 Soleto, 47, 190–191 Lavello, 20, 28, 172 Taranto (Taras), 6, 88–89, 252 Lecce (Lupiae), 24, 190–191, 192 as likely home for Apulian potters and Lipari, 128 painters, 6 Locri, 71 moulds and firing supports (bastoncelli), Luceria, 20, 46 84, 86–87 Manduria, 191, 192, 296 necropolis, 74 Mesagne, 187, 189, 191, 192, 294 production contexts, 81–86, 88, 90 Metaponto, 14, 73, 97, 117 perspective for location/identification of Attic influences, 100, 102–104, 105, workshops, 88–90 109 pits, dumps, wells, 77–78, 79 excavations of chora, 96–97, 98 semata and vessels for burial ceremony, Early Lucanian vase production, 1–2, 7, 80–81 28–29, 83, 104 settlement and sanctuary contexts, 74–76 kiln evidence for Apulian-style pottery, standardized “burial kit”, 76 73 test pieces with draw holes and wasters, origin of South Italian red-figure pottery, 84, 85 69, 72 Tiati (Teanum Apulum) 20 Montesardo, 190–191, 192 Thurii, 71, 72, 91n22 Montescaglioso, 224 Timmari, 96, 224 Muro Tenente, 187, 192 Ugento, 187, 190–191 Nardo,` 190–191, 192 Valenzano, 47

Index egh 341

Valesio, 47, 191, 192, 193, 203–204 PIXE-PIGME (Proton Induced X-Ray and Vaste, 189, 190, 192, 195–198 Gamma-Ray Emission Spectrometry), evidence for cult practices, 20 248, 249, 257, 258f, 261 evidence for funeral rituals, 187 power of techniques, 248 evidence for social classes, 197–198 present state of field of archeometric Fondo Aia necropolis, 197, 198 analysis, 243–244 Melliche necropolis, 187, 197–198 provenance postulate, 247 Veglie, 189–190 sample size, 248 Venusia, 46 technique and chemical analysis, 247–259 Vereto, 190–191, 192 trace elements, usefulness of, 248, 259 Vulci, 4 XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry), archaic clay pyramid from Cavallino, 47 248 archeometric analysis of Apulian and Archesilauos, 52 Lucanian red-figure pottery, 243–261 Archidamus III, 45 assumptions of Taranto center for Apulian Archytas, 45 production, 7, 246 Aristeles, 52 chemical fingerprinting, 247–248 Aristotle, on political relations of Iapygian conclusions and suggestions, 261 peoples with Greeks, 44, 65 context of production issues, 245–246 Aristoxenus, on society, social figures, and differences among most common practices, 43, 63–64 techniques, 248–249 armor, 2, 8 human behavior effects, 247 hoplite, 27–28 identity of artisan issues, 244–245 race-in-armor motif, 107 Lucanian red-figure results, 257–258, 258f, in tombs at Canosa, 25 259 in tombs at Conversano, 162–166 multivariate analysis, 248–249 in tombs at Ruvo, 266.Seealsowarriors; Neutron Activation Analysis, 252, 259, 260f weapons new analyses of Apulian red-figure (and Artas (potentate of Messapians), 23, 29, 41 related) pottery, 249–256 alliance with Athens, 1, 228 Apulian Group 1 clays (orange), 249, Asika, 52 251: provenance of, 252, 253f, 256 astragalos (knucklebone), 172, 183n40 Apulian Group 2 clays (pale), 249, 251, Athenaeus 252, 259: provenance of, 252, 256 on Artas, 41 Canonical Variates Analysis of, 249, 256, on society, social figures, and practices, 257f 42–43, 62 close-up photographs of Apulian Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), 248 red-figure., 250, 251f Atthis, 228 PCA of samples, 252–254, 254f, 255–256 Attic pottery provincial Gnathia vases, 255 classic technique, 250–251 red-figure chorus attributed to BM as continuous phenomenon in Athens, 116 Centaur Group, 255–256 Etruscan funerary context of, 185n78 plot of elemental scores for the PCA, 249, images directly from Greece, 6 250f influence on Metaponto, 100, 102–104, plot of PCA results for Apulian red-figure 105, 109 samples 249f, 249 wedding scenes on, 114n82 reasons to use calcareous clays, 252–253 Nicholson Museum sample used for, 244, band motif 259f at Canosa, 174–175, 176 non-Tarentine groups, 256 at Casone, 172 OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy), 248 at San Severo, 172 petrology, 260–261 Barberini collection, 284, 290

342 efh Index

barley, 14–15 cinerary vase, 105 Baron d’Hancarville (Pierre François Hughes), clay pyramids, inscriptions on, 51 4 Clearchus Bellori, Giovan Pietro, 284, 288 on poleis, 42, 43, 44 bellum Sallentinum,46 on political relations of Iapygian peoples belts, bronze with Greeks, 64–65 from Conversano, 157 on society, social figures, and practices, 63 from Ruvo, 145, 146 Clement XII (Pope), 284, 290 Benavides, Marco Mantova, 284 Cleonymus, 46 Bentivoglio, Guido (Marquis), 287 Cluster Analysis, 248–249 Bianco, Giuliana, 233 collections, of Apulian and Lucanian Bisbaia (sickle), 217 red-figure pottery in 18th century, black-figure pottery 283–299 Attic imports at Peucetia, 28 Apulian and Lucanian vases in late Corinthian, 30 17th/early 18th century collections, provenance of, from warrior tomb in Ruvo, 286–296 141–142 Apulian vases, 285 black-gloss pottery archival evidence for, 283 from Canosa, 172, 175 Attic vases, 285 Metapontine, 102–104, 257–258 preference for, 286 oinochoe from Melfi, 178 attributions of 141 vases belonging to from Soleto with inscriptions, 47 27 collections, 1680 to 1765, 299f from Via Castellana, tomb 1, 138 Campanian vases, 285 Bonaparte, Lucien, 4 preference for, 286 bothroi, 75–76 collections formed in central Italy, 287–290 Bradano-Basento transect, 96–97 Bologna, 287 Bradano Trough, 256, 260–261 Florence, Lucca, Pisa, Siena and Perugia, Brandenburg, Prince of, 288 287–288 burials. See tombs and burials Rome, 290 collections formed in southern Italy, Calabrians, origins of, 40 290–296 calles (drove roads), 15 Catania, 294 Callimachus, on political relations of Naples, 292–294 Iapygian peoples with Greeks, 45, 67 Rossi collection in Brindisi, 294–296 Cambitoglou, Alexander, 7, 36, 274 collections formed in the north of Italy, 287 Campanian vases, 288, 290 conclusions about, 296–299 candelabrum, 190 groups on basis of attribution and RVAp, Canonical Variates Analysis (CVA), 249, 256, 296–298 257f Etruscan vases, 285 Capponi, Alessandro Gregorio, 284, 290 Hamilton collection Caraga, Giovanni, 292 first collection, 286, 300n13 Casa Ricotta, 97 second collection, 286, 300n13, 300n16 Casa Teresa, 97 Lucanian vases, 285 Castello, Ignazio Paterno` (Prince of Biscari), Paestan vases, 285 294 South Italian and Attic vases, from 15th to Cawdor vase, 292 end of 17th century, 284 cereal containers in burials, 235n23 South Italian and Attic vases, general chemical fingerprinting, 247–248 overview, 284–286 Chigi collection, 284 Vatican Library collection, 284, 285 child burials, 149–150n19, 187, 198 collections, overview of, 281 chitons, 104, 138–139, 172, 178 communal drinking, evidence of, 172

Index egh 343

Condottieri, 66–67 Early Ornate style vases connoisseurship approach, 8 Apulian vases, 290, 292 Contrada Scegno, burials at, 206n11 use of pale clay in, 251, 252, 259.Seealso Corinth, clay at, 252 painters and groups, Attic; painters Corinthian pottery, 30, 82, 145, 171, 194, and groups, South Italian 216 Egizio, Matteo, 292 Cosimo I (Florence and Tuscany), 288 Empress Josephine collection, 294–296 CVA (Canonical Variates Analysis), 249, 256, erotes, 147 257f erotic pursuit, abduction, seduction, 226 ethnicity/distribution of indigenous da Carpi (Cardinal), 284 populations in Apulia, Greek and Daunia Latin sources on, 53–56 Apulian-style pottery from, 73 Etruria Regali (Dempster), 288 evidence of cult practices in, 20 Etruscan funerary context, Attic vases present hunting scenes on stelae from, 35n54 in, 185n78 Iapygians, of ancient Puglia, 18, 50–51, Etruscan Kyknos Painter 93n68 53.Seealsoarcheological sites; Etruscan Perugia Painter, 126–127 Daunians Euripides Daunians, 2 Aiolos, 122 burials, 19–20 Andromache, 274–275, 275f geographic distribution of, 18, 38 Iphigenia in Tauris, 273f, 273–274 language of, 18 Hypsipyle, 275–276, 277f origins of, 40 Orestes, 276 de Grassi, Francesco Enrico (Count of productions in Ruvo di Puglia by, 272–278 Pianura), 292 De Leo Library (Brindisi), 294 fans, 102 del Giudice, Niccolo` (Cardinal), 290 Fattoria Stefan (farmhouse), 97 del Monaco, Giacomo Antonio, 292 female heads Delphi, Tarentine monuments to celebrate at Ceglie del Campo, 148 victories, 1, 44 of Circle of Darius and Underworld Demetrius, on Artas, 41 Painters, 139, 197 Demosthenes, 23, 228 of Darius Painter, 138 Dempster, Thomas, 288 on Late Apulian pottery at Vaste, 197 de Thoms, Frederick (Count), 292 at Rutigliano, 139 D’Hancarville (Baron), 285, 300n13 at Ruvo, 145–146, 147 diadems, at Metaponto, 104 of Underworld Painter, 138 di Costanzo, Ludovico (Monsignor), of Varrese Painter, 154 290 Ficoroni, Francesco, 290 Diodorus Siculus, 44, 45, 46, 64–65, Fiorentini collection, 288 67 ﬁring supports (bastoncelli), at Taranto, 78, Dionysius Halicarnassus, on origins of 82, 84, 86–88 different populations, 40, 58 food preparation/consumption pottery, 177 Dionysius the Elder of Syracuse, 45 Fossa Bradanica, 14 Dionysius the Younger, 45 Franc¸ois vase, 239n95 Discriminant Function Analysis, 248–249, 256 Gallery of the Botanic Garden (Pisa; Giardino Doricdialect,73 dei Semplici), 288 drove roads (calles),15 gender roles, associated with grave goods, duc de Luynes, 111n9 26–27 Dunbabin, T. J., 2 Geschichte (Winckelmann), 286 Durand collection, 294–296 Girolamini Libary, 292

344 efh Index

Gnathia pottery, 91n28, 94n103 Hesione, 270 archeometric analysis of, 255 naiskos scenes, 268 decoration connection to Varrese Painter, Pronomos krater, 269f, 268–269, 209n60 270–271, 271f Laurel Spray Group from Ruvo, 252–253 satyr play, 269–270, 271, 280n41, 280n44 progressive replacement of red-figure by, tragic productions, 271–278 76 Grimani collection, 284, 287 at Rudiae, 200 Grotta Porcinara, 20 at Vaste, 198 Gualtieri, Filippo Antonio (Cardinal), 284, at Via Castellana, 138 290 at Via Leonida 84 at Via Umbria, 86 Hamilton, William, 3, 4, 285–286 gold jewelry, 2, 266, 269 Hamilton collection Gori, Anton Francesco, 288, 290, 292, 294 first collection, 286, 300n13 graffiti on firing supports, 86 second collection, 286, 294, 300n13, Greek and Latin Sources 300n16 on ethnicity/distribution of indigenous in Hammond, William, 292 Apulia, 53–56 Hecataeus for origins of different populations, 57–58, on ethnicity/distribution of indigenous in 60 Apulia, 37–38, 53 for political organization, 60–62 on poleis, 42, 61 kings and dynasts, 60–61 Heraclea, 71, 72 poleis, 61–62 Herodotus, 1, 18 for political relations of Iapygian peoples on ethnicity/distribution of indigenous in with Greeks, 64–67 Apulia, 38, 54 and Barbaros polemos, 64–65 on myths of origins, 40 and Condottieri, 66–67 on origins of different populations, 57 first half of 4th century and Archytas, on political organization of poleis, 42, 44, 65–66 61 second half of 5th century, 65 on presence of Greeks in indigenous for presence of Greeks in indigenous contexts, 64 contexts, 64 on slaughter of Greeks in Taras, 44 for society, social figures, and practices, on society, social figures, and practices, 43, 62–64 62 Greeks, in indigenous contexts, 64 Hesychius, 217 Greek theater, in Italic settlements in 4th Holstein, Luca, 290 century B.C.E. Apulia, 265–278 Hope, Thomas, 4 early beginnings of, 265 Hope collection, 294 influence on vase painters, 8 Hughes, Peirre François (Baron in Ruvo di Puglia, 266–278 d’Hancarville), 4 comic productions, 268 hunt/courtship scene, 154 construction of stages for performances, hunting scenes 267–268 Calydonian Boar-hunt, 92n50 depiction of death of Neoptolemos, as evidence of social class, 30 274–275, 275f, 276 scene attributed to Diogenes Painter, 154 depiction of Hypsiplye, 275–276, 277f on stelae from Daunia, 35n54 depiction of myth of Iphigenia in Tauris, 273f, 273–274, 276 Iapygians, of ancient Puglia, 1 evidence for Greek literacy, 267, 268 Attic or Italiote pottery fragment with a frontal mask, 272f, 272 map from Soleto, 48f funerary scene, 268, 269f Daunia, 18, 50–51, 53

Index egh 345

defeat of Greeks from Taranto and on clay pyramids, 51 Rhegium by, 1, 44 in Doric dialect, 73 dress and funerary practices of, 37 graffiti on firing supports, 86 epigraphic evidence for, 46–51 Greek, from Altamura, 47 geographic boundaries of, 36 Greek, from Peucetia, 47 Greek cultural features in vases of, 37 at Messange, 294 language of, 18 on pilasters, 105 literary evidence for, 37–43 Institute of Sciences and Arts (Bologna), 287 ethnicity and geography, 37–40 intermarriage, 228 inscribed bronze herald staff, 39f, 39, 44 Iron Age, 20 inscription of Artos Atotios from Ruvo, 47, Italic sites, overview of, 131–132 48f Italinski (Count), 286 origin myths, 40–41 political organization, 41–43 Jatta family, Attic vases collected by, 29, reception/diffusion of alphabetic 149n13, 150n36 writing, 52–53 Justin Tarentine and Messapian alphabets, 49f on Alexander of Molossus, 41–42 votive inscription to Aprodita from Ceglie on political relations of Iapygian peoples Messapica., 51f with Greeks, 46, 61 Messapia, 47–50 methodological issues, 51–52 Kalabria figures, 38 numismatic sources, 39, 41f Karbina people, 42 permeability toward Greek culture, 51–52 kerameikos at Athens, 245 Peucetia, 18, 50–51 kiln sites political organization, 41, 43f firing supports at Taranto, 78, 82, 84, 86–88 relations with Greeks, 1, 43–44, 46 imported material present at, 262n27 social function of vases, 37 at Metaponto, 7, 69, 73 sub-regional areas, 36 at Taranto, 82, 83, 84–85 Tarentine monument at Delphi to knucklebone (astragalos), 172, 183n40 celebrate victory over, 1 komos, 226 urban and rural settlement expansion, 46 kyma frieze, 102 War with Pyrrhus, 46.SeealsoApulia and sites Lacava, Michele, 96 ICP-MS/OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma La Malmaison collection, 294–296, 302n45 Mass Spectrometry/Optical Emission Lamberg (Count), 292 Spectroscopy) xx, 248, 261 Laws (Plato), 265 impasto pottery, 233–234n10, 234n14, 303 libation rituals, 174 imports Livy Attic, at Apulia, 28–30 on political organization of poleis, 42, Attic, red-figure vases at Metaponto, 100 61–62 Attic black-figure, at Peucetia, 28 on political relations of Iapygian peoples fall-off of red-figure, at Apulia, 29–30 with Greeks, 45 of figure-decorated pottery from Greece, loomweights at Botromagno, 16 1 Lorenzo the Magnificent, 287–288 incised stelae, 16–17 Lucania (Greek colony) inhumation, 26, 184n57 figure-decorated pottery workshops inscriptions established in, 1–2 in Achaean alphabet, 47, 246 production of red-figure vases in, 6 on black-gloss Attic/Italiote vase, 47 vases collected by Rossi, 296 on bronze herald staff from Brindisi, 39f, water containers from, 235n22 39, 44 Lucanization process, 222

346 efh Index

Madonna delle Grazie sanctuary, 20 map of, 189f male nudity, Apulian vs. Attic use of, 8 Middle Apulian, 191–193, 194f marriage vase shapes and distribution, 190–192, intermarriage, 228 192f, 194 mixed, and gifts of red-figure nestorides, funerary rituals, 187 228 assemblages as indicators of social roles, nuptial scene on bell-krater by Anabates 187 Painter, 106 reuse of tombs, 187 nuptial scenes at Metaponto, 105–106 simplicity of assemblages, 187 prenuptial gift exchange scene, 138 tombs of elites, 187 wedding scenes, 114n82, 226–227, 239n95 Manduria funerary assemblage, 187, 188f Marsilli, Luigui Fernando, 287 methodology and analysis of finds, mass craft production, 152 188–195 Massimi collection, 284 provenience, 204t Mastrilli, Felice Maria, 285, 292–294 settlement patterns, 186 Mastrilli collection, 285, 292–294 Messapians, 1, 2 matt-painted pottery, 233–234n10, 234n14 burials of, 20 Mayer, Massimo, 169 geographic distribution of, 18, 38 Medici, Cosimo I de’, 284 language of, 50 Medici, Lorenzo de’, 284 myths of origins of, 40–41 Medici Museum, Apulian vases exhibited at, Tarentine monuments at Delphi to 287–288 celebrate victory over, 1 Melzi, Camillo (Archbishop of Capua), 290 Messapic funerary inscription of a priestess of Messapia Damatra from Valesio, 50f evidence of cult practices at, 20 metal object sourcing, 247 Iapygians of ancient Puglia at, 47–50 métissé (mixed style), 73 archaic inscriptions of, 47 Miltiades, 240n103 epigraphical literacy of, 47–50 mint, at Ruvo, 22–23 epigraphic documents, distribution of, mirrors, 171–172, 184n66 50 mixed marriages, 228 funerary/votive inscriptions of, 50 Monte Gargano massif, 13 Greek-speaking figures in native Monte Papalucio, rural sanctuary at, 20, 47, communities, 52 186 permeability toward Greek culture, Monterisi Rossignoli hypogeum, 181 51–52 Moon-Oakeshott, Noel, 124 reception and diffusion of alphabetic Morellian technique, 4–5 writing and epigraphic literacy, 52–53 Morkos, 32, 52 stability in social and cultural identity, Murge plateau, 14 53 MV-ARCH package, 249 local painted wares for tombs in Peucetia, myths and legends 30 Achilles, 226 sanctuaries and temples at, 43.Seealso Agamemnon, 80 archeological sites Amazons, 166 Messapian contexts, of Apulian pottery, Aphrodite/Aprodita, 43, 74, 75–76, 226 186–206 Apollo, 197, 274 conclusions of, 205–206 Ariadne, 197, 269, 270 distribution patterns and analysis of Artemis, 43, 86, 91n28, 274 findings, 189–190 Bellerophon, 126 chronological phases, 190, 191f Boreas, 226 Early Apulian, 190–191, 193f Calydonian Boar-hunt, 92n50 Late Apulian, 193–194, 195f Cyclops, 217

Index egh 347

Damarta, 43 association with native wines of Apulia and Dionysiac, 118, 197, 209n45, 226, 269–270 Lucania, 232 Electra, 80 Attic imitations of native shapes, 213–214 Eros, 106, 134, 136–137, 226 and cementing of military alliances, 1, 228 as athlete, 100–102 and elites, 229 kneeling, 102 geographic distribution of, 213–214 pursuing female, 100 history of kantharoid shapes, 214–217 Euneos, 276 classiﬁcation issues, 214–215 Eurydice, 276 development of vases with two tall Gigantomachy, 86 vertical handles, 214–215, 215f, 216, Gorgon, 86 220 Hebe, 100 evidence of native wine culture before Helen, 106, 226 Greek colonization, 216–217 Herakles, 100, 166, 246 function as grave goods, 215–216 Ipigenia, 273f, 273–274, 280n54 function as wine vases, 216 Jason, 276 typology of, 214–215 Kanake, 118 imagery on, 226–227 Kephalos, 226 imitation of native shapes, 217–227 Kerberos, 91n33 function of, 224–226 Marsyas, 197 iconography of, 224, 226–227 Medea, 118 production patterns, 227–229 Medusa, 26, 217–218 recent research on, 233 Menelaos, 226 selection of shapes by native markets, Muses 197 229–233.Seealsovase shapes Neoptolemos, 274 neonates, tomb style for, 303.Seealsochild Nike, 107, 142, 143, 163 burials Odysseus, 102 Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), 248, 252, Oedipus, 80 259, 260f Opheltes/Archemoros, 276 new Tribunal (1970–1990), excavation of, Orestes, 274, 276 78–79 Orpheus, 81 Nicander Palladion, 86 on ethnicity/distribution of indigenous in Paris, 106 Apulia, 38, 54 Peleus, 226 on myths of origins, 40 Perseus, 86, 102 Nikomachus, 246 Polyphemos, 217 Northern Lucanian culture, nestoris shape of, Procne, 228 214 Pylades, 274 Numa, 235–236n28 Sphinx, 80 nuptial scenes, at Metaponto, 105–106.See Teiresias, 102 also marriage Theseus, 228 Thetis, 226 obsidian sourcing, 247 Thoas, 276 Odyssey (Book 9), 217 Troilus, 226 OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy), 248 Zis 43 Ofanto, duality in burial practices in, 184n57 ointment containers (unguentaria), 187 NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis), 248, 252, olive bud and leaves motif, 173 259, 260f olive cultivation, 14 naiskos iconography, 88, 90, 119–120, 148 onomastic formulas, Messapian language, 50 “native” (Italic) vase shapes, in south Italian Opis (king of Iapygians), 1, 41 pottery, 213–233 Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), 248

348 efh Index

Oresteia (Aeschylus), 274 B.M. Centaur Group, 159, 203, 255–256 Orestes (Euripides), 276 B.M. F 162, Painter of, 292 origins of different populations, 57–58, 60 B.M. F 465 Group, 139 Ornate style, 7, 80, 124 Bologna 498, Painter of, 171–172 Osco-Sabellian peoples, 227 Brooklyn Budapest Painter, 104–105, 117, overpainted pottery 125–126, 220, 221f, 222 from Piccolo Vimini tomb, 173 Ceglie Group, 151n55 from Tomb 8/08 in via Piano S. Giovanni, Chevron Group, 139, 145f, 145–146, 156, 175–176 159–160 Choephoroi Painter, 106, 108, 222, 237n59 painters and groups. See also painters and Chrysler Group, 158 groups, Attic; painters and groups, Chur Painter, 139 South Italian Cleveland Group, 206n11 painters and groups, Attic Como Group, 159 Altamura Painter, 213 Copenhagen 4223, Painter of, 288 Beldam Painter, 112n33 Copenhagen Group, 154 Bonn 94, Class of 213, 270 Creusa Painter, 88, 98–100, 105, 106, Bonn 94, Group of, 102 114n85, 144, 157, 236n49, 237n59, Bowdoin Painter, 294 287, 292, 296 Eretria Painter, 101 Cyclops Painter, 98–100, 102, 103f, 117, Florence Painter, 294–296 123, 287 Marlay Painter, 294 Darius Painter, 89–90, 138, 156, 159, Meidias Painter, 100, 101f, 102, 110 160–161, 165–166, 182n2, 197, Meleager Painter, 240n113 206n11, 209n51, 255, 275–276, 277f, Mesagne Painter, 263–264n56 288, 292 Pronomos Painter, 268–269, 269f, 270–271, Darius and Underworld Painters, Circle of, 271f, 280n41 139, 197, 198, 288, 290, 294, 296 Washing Painter, 102 Dijon Painter, 288, 290, 294 painters and groups, South Italian Diogenes Painter, 154, 155, 157 Altenburg Group, 123 Dolon Painter, 88, 98–100, 102, 106–108, Amphorae Group, 154, 241n127, 252 109f, 110f, 114n85, 229, 236n49, Amykos Painter, 98–100, 104, 117–118, 237n59, 296 119f, 119, 120f, 121f, 122f, 120–122, Dresden Painter, 154 123f, 123–124, 125f, 125–126, 127f, Egnazia Group, 198–199, 203 128, 134, 135f, 141f, 140–141, 219f, Felton Painter, 251 219, 240n99, 287, 288 Foggia Group, 294–296, 297f Anabates Painter, 98–100, 106–107, 108f, Ganymede Painter, 241n127, 288 114n83, 114n85, 142–143, 144f, 218, Geneva 2754, Painter of, 158 287 Ginosa Group, 198–199 Arno` Painter, 79, 86, 88, 117, 126–127 Gioa del Colle Painter, 139, 156, 160–161, Athens 1714, Painter of, 176–177, 294, 296 197, 198–199, 251, 287, 290, 294 Baltimore Painter, 146–147, 147f, 148–149, Hearst Painter, 73, 88–89, 91n14 151n55, 154–155, 160–161, 229, Helmet Painter, 292, 295f 241n127, 263n55, 290, 296 Hoppin-Lecce Group, 203–205, 251, 259 Barletta Painter, 197, 209n45, 209n51 Hoppin Painter, 84, 89, 156, 158–159, 197, Berlin Dancing Girl, Painter of, 73, 79, 199f, 200, 209n45, 296 88–89, 90–91n13, 200, 294, 296 Ilioupersis Painter, 156, 158–159, 273f, Big-Head Painter, 117, 126 273–274, 275f, 276 Birth of Dionysos, Painter of, 73, 80, 86, Intermediate Group, 84, 88, 94n91, 106, 91n14, 272f, 272 157, 218, 263–264n56 Black Fury Painter, 75 Judgment Painter, 178

Index egh 349

Kantharos Group, 292 Thyrsus Painter, 92n37 Karlsruhe B 9, Painter of, 155 TPS Group, 138, 139, 156 Karneia Painter, 104, 105f, 126 Truro Painter, 89, 158, 198, 200, 251 Kassel Cup, Painter of, 159–160 Underworld Painter, 89–90, 138, 156, Lampas Painter, 254, 261 160–161, 197, 206n11, 290 Lecce Painter, 80, 89, 197, 209n45, 256, Varrese Painter, 154, 203, 209n60, 222, 261, 264n63 264n62, 287, 288, 290, 291f, 292, 294, Lecce 614, Painter, 203–204 296 Lecce 686, Painter, 108, 172, 200 Vaste Painter, 117, 126 Lecce 875, Group of, 154 Vatican Z 16, Group of, 290, 293f Liverpool Group, 238n72 Verona Painter, 159 Long Overfalls, Painter of, 80, 89, 157–158 Vienna 4013, Group of, 176–177 Louvre K 67, Painter of, 292 Wavy-Border Group, 106 Louvre Maiden, Painter of, 100 White Saccos Painter, 241n127, 292 Lycurgus Painter, 80–81, 89, 114n84, Winterthur Group, 138, 139 290 Zurich 2657, Group of, 198–199 McDaniel Painter, 289f Zurich 2661, Painter of, 159–160 Metcalf Painter, 168 palaistra scene, 134 Otago Group, 203 palmette motif, 104, 118, 183n48, 184n59 Palaestra Group, 118 Passeri, Giovan Battista, 287, 288, 290, 292, Palermo Painter, 88, 95n114, 104, 123–124, 294 219, 220 Pausanias, 1, 41, 44, 60, 64 Parasol Painter, 250, 258 Peralta, Giuseppe, 287 Patera Painter, 138, 139, 154–155, 160, petrology, 260–261 163f, 241n127, 290, 296 Peucetia and Peucetians, 1, 2 Pisticci Painter, 98–100, 107, 117, 118, 123, evidence of cult practices in, 20, 43 288 Greek inscriptions from, 47 Policoro Painter, 124 Iapygians, of ancient Puglia, 50–51 Primato Painter, Group of, 222, 257 Greek speaking ﬁgures in native Prisoner Painter, 28, 29f, 287 communities, 52 Roccanova Painter, 222, 296 Hellenizing behavior, 53 Reggio Group, 124 language, 18 Santapaola Painter, 128 political organization, 41, 43f Sarpedon Painter, 84, 89, 250, 251, 252 Pherecydes, 40 Schiller Painter, 157, 171 phialai, 232, 238n84 Schwerin Group, 94n91, 258 Piccolo Vimini tomb. See also Canosa, Piccolo S`evres 1, Painter of, 154 Vimini tomb at Sisyphus Painter, 19f, 73, 91n14, 95n116, Picturae Etruscorum in Vasculis (Passeri), 287, 200, 251, 288, 290 288, 290, 294 Snub Nose Painter, 203f, 203, 261, 287, pilasters, inscribed, 105 290, 292, 294, 296 pilum, 184n75 Stanford-Conversano Group, 160 pincers, iron, in Piccolo Vimni tomb, Stoke-on-Trent Painter, 151n55 171–175 Sydney Painter, 257 PIXE-PIGME (Proton Induced X-Ray and Sydney 46.68, Painter of, 201 Gamma-Ray Emission Spectrometry), Sydney 64, Painter of, 251 248, 249, 257, 258f, 261 Sydney 71, Group of, 172, 251 Plain Style Taranto 7013, Group of, 292 Apulian vases, 290, 296 Tarporley Painter, 70, 92n50, 100, 108, difference from Ornate Style, 7.Seealso 114n84, 155, 157, 197, 200, 209n51, painters and groups, Attic; painters 222, 251, 258, 287, 288, 290, 296 and groups, South Italian

350 efh Index

Plain Style Followers race-in-armor motif, 107 of Tradition A, Middle Apulian bell krater red-figure vases attributed to, 200 Attic technique with different imagery in of Tradition B, Middle Apulian pottery southern Italy, 6 attributed to, 200 drastic reduction of dimensions of vases, use of orange clay by, 251 147 Plato, 265 exports of Apulian red-figure, 6 Pliny firstproductioninsouthernItaly,6 on ethnicity/distribution of indigenous in serial production of, 147 Apulia, 38, 39, 56 red-figure workshops, overview of, 69–70 on myths of origins of Peucetians, 40 relief mask appliqués, 213 on poleis,40 Riccardi, Vincenzo, 288 Plutarch, 45, 66–67 ripostiglio (contains part of grave-goods of Poediculi, 34n14 sarcophagus), 136, 303, 304 poleis, Greek and Latin sources for Rocchietti, D., 111n13 political organization, 61–62 roof tile (imbrex),32 society, social figures, and practices, Rosaceae Sorbus domestica (rowan tree), fruits of 62–64 as offering, 178 Polemon of Ilium, on Artas, 41 rosette compositions, Via Leonida 52, 84 political organization, Greek and Roman Rossi, Pasquale, 294–296 sources for, 60–62 Rossi collection, 296 political relations of Iapygian peoples with Greeks Sallentini figures, 38, 40 blocked with Taras, but good with Athens Samnites, 140, 227 and Thurii, 65 Sant’ Angelo Vecchio, 96 first half of 4th century and Archytas, Santapaola Painter, 128 65–66 Sappho, 228 Greek and Roman sources for, 64–67 satyr play, 269–270, 271, 280n41, 280n44 Polybius, 18, 45, 65–66, 265 satyrs, 86, 147, 280n41 polychrome vases, 146–147 scialbati vases, 146–147, 148 Porcinari collection, 285 Second Italiote League, 45 pottery studies, overview of approaches to, semata (signs) and vessels for burial 211 ceremony, 80–81 preventive archaeology, 133 large krater fragments in Well 111, 4th Principal Components Analysis (PCA), century B.C.E., 80 248–249 monumental vases, 80 Proton Induced X-Ray and Gamma-Ray vases in primary depositions, 80 Emission Spectrometry sheep grazing, 14 (PIXE-PIGME), 248, 249, 257, 258f, Sicily, 294 261 Sidini, 22 provenance, usage of, 262n20 spears, 25, 28, 134, 142, 148, 171–175, 178 Pseudo-Aristotle sphendonai, 102 on presence of Greeks in indigenous Spiega catalogue, 292–294 contexts, 64 spindle whorls at Botromagno, 16 on society, social figures, and practices, 43, sponge, 134 63 Stephanus of Byzantium, 42 Pseudo-Scylax, on ethnicity/distribution of Strabo indigenous in Apulia, 38, 54 on ethnicity/distribution of indigenous in purification, 178, 184n68 Apulia, 38, 55–56 Pyllos, 32 origins of different populations, 40, 58–59 Pythagoras, 43 on political organization, 41–42, 43, 46

Index egh 351

on political organization of Lucanians, 42 tomba a grotticella (cave tomb), 25–26, 304 on political relations of Iapygian peoples Torre di Mare, Proprietà Andrisani, 112n15 with Greeks, 66 trace elements, usefulness in analysis, 248, on Samnite marriage, 227 259 strigils, 134, 136, 142, 146, 171–175 tragodos, figure of as “paratragic,” 279n26 bronze, in Piccolo Vimni tomb, 171–174, transhumance, 14–16 175 tratturi (drove roads), 15, 16 from Metaponto, 104, 105, 119 Trendall, A. D., 7, 8, 10n27, 36 swan motif, 173, 183n46, 183n48 and Apulian red-figure pottery swords, 28, 122, 162–163, 274 classification, 152 syngheneia, 228 on artisans working at Metaponto kerameikos, 106 Tavole Palatine, 97 attribution scheme of, 70 Tavoliere plain, 13 issues with reassessment of attribution Temple, William, 3 scheme of, 126–127 terracotta figurine production, at Taranto, 86 on painter’s visual impression of drama, Theatines’ Library, Apulian vases in, 292 275 Thucydides, 1 on Taranto, 72 on intermarriage between Segesta and on use of “illustrations” vs. Selinous, 240n104 “representations,” 280n47 on kings and dynasts, 23, 29, 41, 60 two-beam loom, 16–17 on political relations of Iapygian peoples with Greeks, 44, 65 Valleta collection, 284–285, 290 tintinnabula, 187 Valletta, Giuseppe, 284, 292 Tischbein, J.H.W., 286 Vallisneri, Antonio, 287 Tomb of the Diver at Poseidonia, 221–222 Varrese hypogeum, 24–25, 25f tomb of the Hoplite, 181 Vasari, Giorgio, 284 tombs and burials, 2–4, 19–20, 23–26, 27, Vase Shapes, 2, 187, 190–192, 192f, 194–195, 77–78, 79, 100, 154, 155, 157, 158, 196t, 200, 201–202t 159, 175, 187, 263n55, 303–304 alabastron, 26, 190, 195 cremation, 20, 77, 104, 105 Albanian kantharoids, 216 inhumation, 26, 77 amphora, 126, 191, 290 reuse of tombs, 142, 145, 154, 157, 187 anforetta, 190, 213 semicremation, 175, 178, 184n57.Seealso aryballos, 119, 134, 157 tombs, types of askos, 231–232 tombs, types of baby-feeder, 187 cappuccina tomb of infant, 100 bowl, 171–175 enchytrismos, 303 cauldron, 171–174, 175, 179 hypogeum, 24–25, 25f, 94n103, 178, 180, chous, 120, 121f, 255–256 181, 182n18 dinos, 232 pozzo (well), 303 discs, 207n19, 214 sarcophagus, 303 drinking horn, 232 ripostiglio (square receptacle for grave Epirote kantharoids, 216 goods), 136, 303, 304 epichysis, 288 tomba a camera (chamber tomb), 23–24, 24f, fish-plate, 263n55 77, 304 griff-phiale, 171–175 tomba a cassa (cista litica), 304 guttus, 172 tomba a fossa (trench grave), 77, 140–142, hydria, 47, 80, 95n114, 105–106, 107f, 118, 146–149, 303 122, 159, 191, 198–199, 206n11, 250, tomba a semicamera (semichamber tomb), 254, 255f, 263n43, 288 21f, 23, 157, 162, 187, 198–199, 304 jug, 213–214

352 efh Index

Vase Shapes (cont.) phialai, 232, 238n84 kalathos, 190 plate, 139 kantharoid, 102, 213, 214–215, 215f, pseudopanathenaic amphora, 104, 105f, 215–216, 218f, 217–219, 220, 270 107–108, 109f, 110f, 126, 127f kantharos, 175 rhyton, 232, 292 Apulian, 175–176, 230, 231f, 231 ring-collared vessel, Attic, 179 Greek, 213, 230, 270 salt-cellar, 173 krater-kantharos, 221–222 situla, 232 Oenotrian, 221–222, 237n53 skyphos, 81f, 84, 86, 94n91, 134, 135, 136f, Peucetian, 30 138, 171, 172, 181f St. Valentin, 218 owl-skyphos, 84, 138, 171, 178 krater, 30 stamnos, 30, 190, 232, 234–235n18, 294 calyx, 80, 86, 89, 197, 198–199, 266, 267f, stamnoid olla, 177 268, 294 trozzelle, 8, 30, 47, 187, 214, 233, 242n136 column, 7–8, 19f,29f, 30, 69, 123f, 123, unguentarium, 187 158, 160f, 198–199, 224, 225f, vases painted onto vases, 74, 91n19 229–230, 288, 294–296 Vecchietti collection, 288 bell, 30, 80, 106, 114n83, 119, 120f, 120, vegetal motifs, 135, 172, 184n73 125–126, 134, 135f, 140–141, 141f, Venetian collection Vendramin and in Rome, 142–143, 144f, 145f, 145–146, 158f, 284 160f, 161f, 171, 172, 176–177, 181f, venison, 35n54 197, 199f, 200, 203f, 203, 256, 264n63, von Lamberg-Springenstein, Arthur, 294 288, 292, 294 von Riedesel, Johan Hermann, 294 volute, 30, 37, 69, 86, 90, 124, 125f, 146–147, 147f, 148, 149, 160, 163f, warrior assemblage, 162–163 164f, 239n95, 252, 268–269, 269f, 270, warriors 271f, 271, 272f, 272, 273f, 273–275, departure and return themes, 30, 134, 224, 275f, 275–276, 277f, 280n41, 292, 226 295f, 294–295, 296, 297f fossa Tomb A at Ruvo, 140–142 kylix, 104, 172, 173, 174 fossa Tomb B at Ruvo, 146–149 lebes gamikos, 74, 100, 104, 106–107, 108f hero-warrior krater attributed to Group of lekane, 195 Diogenes Painter, 154 lekanis lid, 138 tomb at Bitonto, 154.Seealsoarmor; lekythos, 102, 103f, 104, 108f, 177, 181f, 198 weapons EAM lekythos, 102 weapons squat, 106, 138, 198–199 iron, at Conversano, 157 nestoris, 37, 122f, 120–122, 214, 219f, lances, 28 219–220, 221f, 222, 223f, 223, 228, spears, 25, 28, 134, 142, 148, 171–175, 233n6, 237n56, 238n67, 240n99 178 oinochoe, 154, 158, 171, 172, 173, 174, spears, bronze, 26 175–176, 178, 179, 214, 231, 232, 294 swords, 28, 122, 162–163, 274 olla, 171, 172, 177, 229, 235n20, 235n23 and warfare at Apulia, fourth century olla-krater, 234–235n18 B.C.E., 27–28.Seealsoarmor; warriors olpe, 172–173, 174, 175, 179 weaving, at Apulia, fourth century B.C.E., one-handled cup, 30, 172, 173, 174, 175 16–18 Palinuro-Krug shape, 237n54 wedding scenes patera, 136, 138, 232, 288 on Attic pottery, 114n82 pelike, 80, 100, 101f, 104–105, 108, 110, on Italiote imitation of native shapes, 113n58, 114n67, 134, 154, 158, 226–227 171–172, 191, 198–199, 200, 206n11, of Peleus and Thetis, 239n95 251, 288, 289f, 290, 291f, 292, 293f wheat, 14–15

Index egh 353

wheel-made painted pots, decorative scheme Xenophon, on written books in wrecked on, 30 ships, 280n66 Winckelmann, Johann, 284–285, 286, XRF (X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry), 300n17 248