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Magisterarbeit View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES MAGISTERARBEIT Titel der Magisterarbeit Rechtsextreme Jugendsubkultur im Internet am Beispiel der Social Network Site Facebook Verfasserin Eva Felnhofer, Bakk.phil. angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 841 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft Betreuerin: Ass.-Prof. Univ-Doz. Dr. Mag. Gerit Götzenbrucker 2 EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und ohne unzulässige fremde Hilfe angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Wien, am 3 4 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS EIDESSTATTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG ....................................................................................... 3 AUFBAU UND FORMELLES .................................................................................................. 9 THEORETISCHER TEIL ........................................................................................................ 11 1 Einleitung ......................................................................................................................11 1.1 Forschungsinteresse ................................................................................................13 1.2 Kommunikationswissenschaftlicher Fachbezug.....................................................14 2 Rechtsextremismus – Kennzeichen und zentrale Elemente..........................................15 3 Rechtsextremismus und Internet ...................................................................................17 3.1 Die Anfänge – Mailbox und Infotelefon ................................................................17 3.2 Die Möglichkeiten des Internet ..............................................................................19 3.2.1 „Erlebniswelt Rechtsextremismus“ .................................................................20 3.2.1.1 „RechtsRock“ - Musik als Bindeglied .......................................................21 3.3 Strafrechtliche Unterschiede ...................................................................................22 3.3.1 Strafrechtliche Vereinheitlichung? ..................................................................23 3.4 Prävention und Bekämpfung ..................................................................................24 4 Jugendliche und Internet ...............................................................................................26 4.1 Das Internet als „Erlebnismedium mit starkem Spaßfaktor“ ..................................26 4.1.1 Motivation zur Internetnutzung .......................................................................27 4.2 Die Wandlung zum „Mitmachnetz Web 2.0“ .........................................................28 4.2.1 Facebook .........................................................................................................31 4.2.1.1 Zahlen, Daten, Fakten ................................................................................31 4.2.1.2 Wie funktioniert Facebook - eine ethnografische Beobachtung ................32 4.2.1.2.1 Facebook und die Bedürfnispyramide ................................................. 36 4.3 Wer sind die Nutzer? ..............................................................................................37 4.3.1 Unterscheidung anhand von SINUS-Milieus ..................................................39 4.3.1.1 Social Network-Nutzer als „Moderne Performer“ .....................................41 4.3.1.2 Kritik am SINUS-Milieu-Modell ...............................................................42 5 Jugendliche und Subkultur ............................................................................................42 5.1 Der Begriff der Kultur ............................................................................................42 5.1.1 Kulturelle Macht .............................................................................................43 5.2 (Jugend-)Subkulturen .............................................................................................44 5.2.1 Formelle Unterscheidungen ............................................................................45 5.2.2 Rechtsextreme Subkultur oder rechtsextreme Szene? ....................................47 5.2.3 Subcultural Studies – Ein Abriss zur „Entdeckung“ der Jugend ....................49 5 5.2.4 Resistance through Rituals – Resistance through Style ..................................50 5.2.4.1 Die Rolle der Medien .................................................................................53 5.2.4.2 Nur „symbolischer Widerstand“?...............................................................55 5.2.4.2.1 Profane Kultur mit „Störfunktion” ....................................................... 57 5.3 Rechtsextreme Jugendsubkulturen .........................................................................59 5.3.1 Gründe für die Zugehörigkeit zu einer Jugendsubkultur ................................59 5.3.2 Gründe für die Zugehörigkeit zu einer rechtsextremen Jugendsubkultur .......61 5.3.2.1 Kulturell verortete Gründe .........................................................................61 5.3.2.1.1 Die Ergebnisse der Sinus-Milieu-Studie 2000 ..................................... 62 5.3.2.1.2 Die Ergebnisse der Shell-Studie „Jugend 2000“ .................................. 64 5.3.2.2 Subkultur-spezifische Gründe ....................................................................65 5.3.3 Unterschiede zwischen rechtsextremen Jugendsubkulturen ...........................68 5.3.3.1 Gabber ........................................................................................................69 5.3.3.2 Hooligans ...................................................................................................72 5.3.3.2.1 Vom Hooligan zum Ultra ..................................................................... 73 5.3.3.3 Skinheads ...................................................................................................75 6 Der rechtsextreme Stil...................................................................................................79 6.1 Symbole und Codes ................................................................................................79 6.2 Mode: Kleidung, Frisur und Tätowierungen ..........................................................81 6.3 Die Musik der rechten Subkultur............................................................................83 EMPIRISCHER TEIL .............................................................................................................. 85 7 Forschungsinteresse ......................................................................................................85 7.1 Synthesen ................................................................................................................87 8 Methodische Vorgehensweise ......................................................................................89 8.1 Untersuchungsgegenstand ......................................................................................89 8.2 (Qualitative) Inhaltsanalyse ....................................................................................90 8.3 Kategoriensystem und Operationalisierung ............................................................91 8.4 Stichprobe ...............................................................................................................93 8.4.1 Rekrutierung und Kontakt ...............................................................................94 8.4.2 Problematiken..................................................................................................96 9 Ergebnisse .....................................................................................................................99 9.1 Vor beantworteter Freundschaftsanfrage ................................................................99 9.2 Nach beantworteter Freundschaftsanfrage ...........................................................100 9.2.1 Nutzername ...................................................................................................100 9.2.2 Soziodemographische Daten .........................................................................101 9.2.3 Profil- und Hintergrundbild ...........................................................................102 6 9.2.4 Verlinkte Bilder .............................................................................................104 9.2.5 Fotoalben .......................................................................................................107 9.2.6 Interessen .......................................................................................................109 9.2.7 Freundesliste..................................................................................................111 9.2.8 Abonnements .................................................................................................111 9.2.9 Notizen ..........................................................................................................112 9.2.10 Pinnwand ...................................................................................................112
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