DOCSLIB.ORG

Dato: 15.02.2017 Totalt Antall Sider: 80 Emnekode: Navn På Kandidat: Master I Samfunnsvitenskap Siv Anita Myhre Kampen Om Be

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dato: 15.02.2017 Totalt Antall Sider: 80 Emnekode: Navn På Kandidat: Master I Samfunnsvitenskap Siv Anita Myhre Kampen Om Be View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Brage Nord Open Research Archive Emnekode: Navn på kandidat: Master i samfunnsvitenskap Siv Anita Myhre Kampen om begrepene – en diskursanalyse – - På hvilken måte fremstilles innvandring, multikulturelle samfunn og islam på høyreradikale og høyreekstreme nettsteder i Norge? - Hvordan begrunnes disse fremstillingene? Dato: 15.02.2017 Totalt antall sider: 80 Innholdsfortegnelse Forord ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Sammendrag ............................................................................................................................... 4 1. Innledning ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Oppgavens struktur ........................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Bakgrunn .......................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Problemstilling .................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Utvelgelse av materialet ................................................................................................... 9 2. Kunnskapsbakgrunn ............................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Høyreekstremisme .......................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Høyreradikalisme ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3 Høyrepopulisme .............................................................................................................. 13 2.4 Rasisme ........................................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Islamofobi ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.6 Islam og politikk ............................................................................................................. 16 2.7 Kontrajihadisme .............................................................................................................. 17 3. Diskursanalyse som teori og metode .................................................................................... 18 3.1 Sentrale begreper i diskursteori ...................................................................................... 19 3.1.1 Kulturell kompetanse ............................................................................................... 19 3.1.2 Representasjon ......................................................................................................... 20 3.1.3 Kritisk diskursanalyse .............................................................................................. 20 3.2 Neumanns tre steg for å foreta en diskursanalyse .......................................................... 21 3.2.1 Skritt én: Valg og avgrensning av diskurs ............................................................... 21 3.2.2 Skritt to: Diskursens representasjon ......................................................................... 22 3.2.3 Skritt tre: Diskursens lagdeling ................................................................................ 23 3. 3 Retorikk og argumentasjon ............................................................................................ 24 3.4 Diskursanalyse og makt .................................................................................................. 26 3.5 Diskursanalyse som metode ........................................................................................... 27 3.6 Forskningsetiske betraktinger ......................................................................................... 27 3.7 Metodologiske betraktninger .......................................................................................... 28 4. En presentasjon av nettstedene ............................................................................................. 29 4.1 Norwegian Defence League (NDL)................................................................................ 30 1 4.2 Document.no ................................................................................................................... 31 4.3 Vigrid.net ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.4 Frie ord ........................................................................................................................... 33 4.5 Stopp islamiseringen av Norge (SIAN) .......................................................................... 34 5 Analyse av datamaterialet ..................................................................................................... 35 5.1 Norwegiandefenceleague.com (NDL): ........................................................................... 36 5.1.1 Sentrale ideer i NDL sine artikler ............................................................................ 42 5.2 Vigrid.net ........................................................................................................................ 43 5.2.1 Sentrale ideer i Vigrid sine artikler .......................................................................... 48 5.3 Frieord.no ....................................................................................................................... 49 5.3.1 Sentrale ideer i Frieord sine artikler ......................................................................... 54 5.4 Stopp islamiseringen av Norge (SIAN) .......................................................................... 55 5.4.1 Sentrale ideer i SIAN sine artikler ........................................................................... 60 5.5 Document.no ................................................................................................................... 61 5.5.1 Sentrale ideer i Document.no sine artikler ............................................................... 64 6. Diskurser .............................................................................................................................. 65 6.1 Innvandringsdiskurs ........................................................................................................ 66 6.2 Islamdiskursen ................................................................................................................ 69 6.3 Kulturdiskurs .................................................................................................................. 72 6.4 Elitediskursen ................................................................................................................. 74 7. Konklusjonskapittel / Hovedfunn ......................................................................................... 76 8. Litteraturliste ........................................................................................................................ 77 8.1 Masteroppgaver: ............................................................................................................. 79 8.2 Rapporter ........................................................................................................................ 79 APPENDIKS / VEDLEGG: ..................................................................................................... 80 2 Forord Å skrive en masteroppgave om norske høyreekstreme / høyreradikale nettsteder har vært både interessant og frustrerende. Det har vært et stort prosjekt som har bydd på mange utfordringer, men til tross for lange arbeidsdager har arbeidet vært utrolig lærerikt og givende. Jeg vil først takke mine venninner Anne-Bjørg og Margareth for korrekturlesning og konstruktive tilbakemeldinger. Deretter vil jeg takke mine døtre Anne -Sofie og Amalie for støtte og oppmuntring, latter og humor. Jeg vil også takke min kjæreste Bjørn-Peder for de gode samtalene og politiske diskusjonene. Til slutt vil jeg takke min gode veileder Hans Petter Saxi for gode innspill, for tålmodigheten og for de viktige tilbakemeldingene jeg har fått gjennom hele skriveprosessen. God lesning. Bodø, Februar 2017 Siv Anita Myhre 3 Sammendrag Denne studien undersøker fem norske høyreradikale og høyreekstreme nettsteder og deres innvandringsdiskurs, islam-diskurs og kulturdiskurs med fokus på blant annet begrepene masseinnvandring, multikulturelle samfunn, muslimer og islam som religion og politisk ideologi. Etter terrorangrepet i Norge 22. juli 2011, har det vært en økende kritikk mot innvandring, mot det multikulturelle samfunn, mot muslimer og mot islam. Fem år etter tragedien diskuteres det fortsatt hvordan Norge skal unngå nye terrorangrep fra denne gruppen av høyreekstreme i framtiden. Oppgaven tar for seg hvilke verdier og holdninger som uttrykkes på høyreradikale / - ekstreme nettsteder vedrørende innvandring, multikulturelle samfunn, muslimer og islam og undersøker hvordan de begrunner sin skepsis. Hovedtrekkene i deres forestilling er tanken om at Norge vil miste sin kultur, sin egenart og sin frihet gjennom innvandring og da spesielt innvandring fra ikke-vestlige land. Forestillingen om en politisk korrekt offentlighet,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rechtsextremismus in Europa I Ii Rechtsextremismus in Europa Rechts- Extremismus in Europa
    Ralf Melzer, Sebastian Serafi n (Hrsg.) RECHTS- EXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA Länderanalysen, Gegenstrategien und arbeitsmarktorientierte Ausstiegsarbeit FES GEGEN RECHTS EXTREMISMUS Forum Berlin RECHTSEXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA I II RECHTSEXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA RECHTS- EXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA Länderanalysen, Gegenstrategien und arbeitsmarktorientierte Ausstiegsarbeit 1 Impressum ISBN: 978-3-86498-521-8 Herausgegeben für die Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung von: Ralf Melzer und Sebastian Serafi n Forum Berlin/Politischer Dialog Projekt „Gegen Rechtsextremismus“ Hiroshimastraße 17, 10785 Berlin Lektorat: Barbara Engels, Barbara Hoffmann, Stephan Schmauke,(H Viktoria Kleber Übersetzung: zappmedia GmbH, Berlin Fotos: Siehe Seite 463 Gestaltung: Pellens Kommunikationsdesign GmbH, Bonn Druck: Druck- und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH & Co. KG Sontraer Straße 6, 60386 Frankfurt am Main Copyright 2013 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Projekt „Gegen Rechtsextremismus“, Forum Berlin Anmerkungen der Herausgeber: Zu Gunsten eines fl üssigeren Textes und einer besseren Lesbarkeit wird in diesem Buch nicht jeweils die weibliche und männliche Schreibweise personenbezogener Hauptwörter verwendet. Auch wenn nur die männliche grammatikalische Form Anwendung fi ndet, sind selbstverständlich Frauen und Männer gleichermaßen gemeint. Die in den Artikeln geäußerten Einschätzungen und Auffassungen liegen in der Verantwortung der Autoren und spiegeln nicht unbedingt die Meinung der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung oder der Herausgeber wider. Um den individuellen Charakter der einzelnen Beiträge in diesem
    [Show full text]
  • Identitarian Movement
    Identitarian movement The identitarian movement (otherwise known as Identitarianism) is a European and North American[2][3][4][5] white nationalist[5][6][7] movement originating in France. The identitarians began as a youth movement deriving from the French Nouvelle Droite (New Right) Génération Identitaire and the anti-Zionist and National Bolshevik Unité Radicale. Although initially the youth wing of the anti- immigration and nativist Bloc Identitaire, it has taken on its own identity and is largely classified as a separate entity altogether.[8] The movement is a part of the counter-jihad movement,[9] with many in it believing in the white genocide conspiracy theory.[10][11] It also supports the concept of a "Europe of 100 flags".[12] The movement has also been described as being a part of the global alt-right.[13][14][15] Lambda, the symbol of the Identitarian movement; intended to commemorate the Battle of Thermopylae[1] Contents Geography In Europe In North America Links to violence and neo-Nazism References Further reading External links Geography In Europe The main Identitarian youth movement is Génération identitaire in France, a youth wing of the Bloc identitaire party. In Sweden, identitarianism has been promoted by a now inactive organisation Nordiska förbundet which initiated the online encyclopedia Metapedia.[16] It then mobilised a number of "independent activist groups" similar to their French counterparts, among them Reaktion Östergötland and Identitet Väst, who performed a number of political actions, marked by a certain
    [Show full text]
  • Combating Global White Supremacy in the Digital Era
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Graduate Center 2009 Combating Global White Supremacy in the Digital Era Jessie Daniels CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/197 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] 09_120_Ch09.qxd 4/21/09 5:31 AM Page 159 CHAPTER NINE Combating Global White Supremacy in the Digital Era In cyberspace the First Amendment is a local ordinance. —John Perry Barlow In 2002 Tore W. Tvedt, founder of the hate group Vigrid and a Norwegian cit- izen, was sentenced to time in prison for posting racist and anti-Semitic propa- ganda on a website. The Anti-Racism Center in Oslo filed a police complaint against Tvedt. On Vigrid’s website, Tvedt puts forward an ideology that mixes neo-Nazism, racism, and religion. Tvedt was tried and convicted in the Asker and Baerum District Court on the outskirts of Oslo. The charges were six counts of violating Norway’s antiracism law and one count each of a weapons violation and interfering with police. He was sentenced to seventy-five days in prison, with forty-five days suspended, and two years’ probation. Activists welcomed this as the first conviction for racism on the Internet in Norway. Following Tvedt’s release from prison, his Vigrid website is once again online.1 In contrast to the Norwegian response, many Americans seem to view white supremacy online as speech obviously protected under the First Amendment.
    [Show full text]
  • Radical Right Narratives and Norwegian
    RADICAL RIGHT NARRATIVES AND NORWEGIAN COUNTER-NARRATIVES IN THE DECADE OF UTØYA AND BÆRUM SOLO-ACTOR ATTACKS The CARR-Hedayah Radical Right Counter Narratives Project is a year-long project between CARR and Hedayah that is funded by the EU STRIVE programme. It is designed to create one of the first comprehensive online toolkits for practitioners and civil society engaged in radical right extremist counter-narrative campaigns. It uses online research to map nar- ratives in nine countries and regions (Australia, Canada, Germany, Hungary, New Zealand, Norway, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and the United States), proposes counter-narratives for these countries and regions, and advises on how to conduct such campaigns in an effec- tive manner. This country report is one of such outputs. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Mette Wiggen is a lecturer in the School of Politics and International Studies (POLIS) at the University of Leeds. She teaches on the Extreme Right in Europe, and politics for the Introduction to Social Sciences foundation course aimed at Widening Participation- and international social science students at Leeds. Mette is the Widening Participation Officer for the University’s Social Science Cluster where she engages with non traditional students who are exploring and entering higher education. She has taught languages and politics, in Norway and the UK, with guest lectures and conference papers in Egypt, Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands, Norway, UK and USA. Mette has also given papers at teaching and learning conferences in the UK on intercultural communication, on student lead discussion groups and on how to engage with students and teach the undergraduate dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Int Cescr Adr Nor 15084
    Norway‟s 19th/20th report under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) Table of contents I Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 II Issues raised in the concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in 2006 ................................................................................................................................ 1 III Information relating to articles 1 to 7 of the Convention ....................................................................... 7 Article 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Article 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Article 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Article 4 ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Article 5 ................................................................................................................................................. 13 Article 6 ................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Path? : Right-Wing Extremism and Right-Wing
    Nora Langenbacher, Britta Schellenberg (ed.) IS EUROPE ON THE “RIGHT” PATH? Right-wing extremism and right-wing populism in Europe FES GEGEN RECHTS EXTREMISMUS Forum Berlin Nora Langenbacher, Britta Schellenberg (ed.) IS EUROPE ON THE “RIGHT” PATH? Right-wing extremism and right-wing populism in Europe ISBN 978-3-86872-617-6 Published by Nora Langenbacher and Britta Schellenberg on behalf of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Forum Berlin Project “Combating right-wing extremism“ Hiroshimastr. 17 10785 Berlin Edited by (German and English) Nora Langenbacher Britta Schellenberg Edited by (English) Karen Margolis Translated by (German --> English) Karen Margolis Julia Maté Translated by (English --> German) Harald Franzen Markus Seibel Julia Maté Translated by (Italian --> German) Peter Schlaffer Proofread by (English) Jennifer Snodgrass Proofread by (German) Barbara Hoffmann Designed by Pellens Kommunikationsdesign GmbH Printed by bub Bonner Universitäts-Buchdruckerei Copyright © 2011 by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Contents Preface ........................................................................................................7 RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM AND POPULISMUS IN EUROPE Nora Langenbacher & Britta Schellenberg Introduction: An anthology about the manifestations and development of the radical right in Europe ..................................11 Martin Schulz, MEP ................................................................................27 Combating right-wing extremism as a task for European policy making Michael Minkenberg ...............................................................................37
    [Show full text]
  • Decline and Disengagement
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Teruggang en uittreding: processen van deradicalisering ontleed Demant, F.; Slootman, M.; Buijs, F.; Tillie, J.N. Publication date 2008 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Demant, F., Slootman, M., Buijs, F., & Tillie, J. N. (2008). Teruggang en uittreding: processen van deradicalisering ontleed. IMES. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:25 Sep 2021 Decline and Disengagement An Analysis of Processes of Deradicalisation Froukje Demant Marieke Slootman Frank Buijs Jean Tillie IMES Reports Series IMES Amsterdam © 2008, IMES/Froukje Demant, Marieke Slootman, Frank Buijs & Jean Tillie All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- tem or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, re- cording or otherwise without the written permission of the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Cevro Revue 10/2008
    CEVROREVUE téma NEJVÝZNAMNĚJŠÍ EXTREMISTICKÉ STRANY V EVROPĚ KRAJNĚ LEVICOVÉ STRANY NACIONALISTICKÉ, Dánsko Norsko REGIONALISTICKÉ Rudo-zelená aliance (Enhedslisten) Rudí (Rřdt) STRANY Socialistická lidová strana (Socialistisk Folkeparti) Socialistická levicová strana (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) Island Finsko Belgie Levicová aliance (Vasemmistoliitto) Nizozemí Vlámský zájem (Vlaams Belang) Socialistická strana (Socialistische Partij) Národní fronta (National Front) Francie Levicová radikální strana (Parti Radical de Gauche) Portugalsko Irsko Revoluční komunistická liga (Ligue communiste Levicový blok (Bloco de Esquerda) Sinn Fein révolutionnaire) Itálie Komunistická strana (Parti Communiste) Řecko Koalice radikální levice (Synaspismós Rizospastikís Liga severu (Lega nord) Itálie Aristerás) Švýcarsko Levice – Duha (La Sinistra – L’Arcobaleno) Komunistická strana Řecka (Kommunistiko Komma Finsko Ticinská liga (Lega dei Ticinesi) Elladas) Island Levicově-zelené hnutí (Vinstrihreyfingin – Grćnt Švédsko Norsko framboð) Feministická iniciativa (Feministiskt Initiativ) Levicová strana (Vänsterpartiet) Švédsko Německo Španělsko Levice (Die Linke) Rusko Sjednocená levice (Izquierda Unida) Estonsko Lotyšsko KRAJNĚ PRAVICOVÉ, POPULISTICKÉ A NEONACISTICKÉ STRANY Bulharsko Německá liga pro lid a zemi (Deutsche Liga für Volk Španělsko Dánsko Národní hnutí Ataka (Natsionalen Sayuz Ataka) und Heimat) Národní demokracie (Democracia Nacional) Litva Irsko Rusko Norsko Chorvatsko Švédsko Bělorusko Chorvatská čistá strana práv (Hrvatska čista stranka Demokraté
    [Show full text]
  • Right-Wing Extremists and Anti-Islam Activists in Norway: Constraints Against Violence
    w C-REX WORKING PAPER SERIES w NO. 3 / 2017 Right-Wing Extremists and anti-Islam Activists in Norway: Constraints against Violence Tore Bjørgo and Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik, Norwegian Police University College and Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo C-REX - Center for Research on Extremism The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence Published December 2017 Editorial board/Editor Professor Tore Bjørgo Professor Katrine Fangen Professor Torkel Brekke Associate Professor Inger Skjelsbæk Deputy Director Anders Ravik Jupskås Publisher Center for Research on Extremism, The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence, University of Oslo Center for Research on Extremism:The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence (C-REX) www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/english University of Oslo P.O.Box 1097 Blindern 0317 Oslo Norway Email: [email protected] Right-Wing Extremists and anti-Islam Activists in Norway: Constraints against Violence Tore Bjørgo and Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik1 Norwegian Police University College and Center for Research on Extremism: The Extreme Right, Hate Crime and Political Violence (C-REX), University of Oslo Contact: [email protected] Given the abundance of violent ideologies and rhetoric among different strands of right-wing extremism and anti-Islamism in Norway, most activists never engage in actual violence and most of them distance themselves from violent methods. Even some of those with very extreme views have some limits to the kinds of violent acts they would actually commit. What restrains most of these activists from engaging in actual violence? Whereas most research on radicalisation processes focus on those few who actually engage in terrorist violence, the large majority of people who radicalize into accepting violence as a legitimate option but for various reasons never make use of violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Countering Radicalization in Europe
    Countering Radicalization in Europe Lorenzo Vidino James Brandon A policy report published by the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) ABOUT THE AUTHORS Lorenzo Vidino is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich. James Brandon is an Associate Fellow at the International Centre for the study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR). He was the Director of Research and Communications at the Quilliam Foundation from 2008–2011. He writes in his own capacity. This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the copyright license under clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (November 1995). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. CONTACT DETAILS For questions, queries and additional copies of this report, please contact: ICSR King’s College London 138 –142 Strand London WC2R 1HH United Kingdom T. + 44 (0)20 7848 2065 F. + 44 (0)20 7848 2748 E. [email protected] Like all other ICSR publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the ICSR website at www.icsr.info. © ICSR 2012 Executive Summary ince the mid-2000s, several European countries have developed comprehensive counter-radicalization strategies S seeking to de-radicalize or disengage committed militants and, with even greater intensity, prevent the radicalization of new ones. The report describes the genesis, main characteristics, aims, underlying philosophies, and challenges experienced by counter- radicalization strategies in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway, the four European countries with the most extensive counter-radicalization initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Vi Er Her for Å Bevare Vårt Folk, Vår Kultur Og Vår Særegenhet
    Vi er her for å bevare vårt folk, vår kultur og vår særegenhet Et sosiologisk studie av identitære ideer Karete Kuraas Lindalen Masteroppgave i sosiologi Institutt for sosiologi og samfunnsgeografi UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 30 Juni 2017 I II Vi er her for å bevare vårt folk, vår kultur og vår særegenhet Et sosiologisk studie av identitære ideer III © Karete Kuraas Lindalen 2017 "Vi er her for å bevare vårt folk, vår kultur og vår særegenhet" Et sosiologisk studie av identitære ideer Karete K. Lindalen http://www.duo.uio.no Trykk: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo IV V VI Sammendrag I flere europeiske land har grupper samlet seg rundt identitære ideer. De kaller seg for ”identitære” og de er opptatt av å fremme etnisk og kulturell identitet. Identitære ideer handler i grove trekk om forsvar av det såkalte ”ordinære folket” mot globalisering og liberalisme. Med utgangspunkt i Frankrike og ”det nye høyre” har identitære ideer spredt seg utover Europa og Nord-Amerika og påvirket ulike politiske grupper og organisasjoner på ytre høyresiden. I denne masteroppgaven undersøker jeg hvordan identitære ideer kommer til utrykk i dag. Mine forskningsspørsmål har vært orientert mot hvilke kjernesaker som er mest fremtredende. Ved å se på kjernesakene for identitære ideer vil jeg undersøke hvordan informantene trekker symbolske grenser mot liberale ideer. Jeg ønsket også å finne ut hvordan det oppleves å være ”identitær”. I den sammenheng vil jeg undersøke hvordan informantene trekker symbolske grenser mot høyreekstremisme. For å besvare disse spørsmålene har jeg gjennomført deltakende observasjon og intervjuer med tilhengere av identitære ideer. Jeg bruker Michèle Lamont sin teori om symbolske grenser og Fredrik Barth sitt bidrag om etniske grenser for å vise til hvordan grensene for identitetsfelleskap er flytende.
    [Show full text]
  • Símbolos Motivo De Sanción
    Como preámbulo a este Manual sobre Simbología en el Deporte, es necesario mencionar que la Ley 19/2007, de 11 de Julio, contra la violencia, el racismo, la xenofobia y la intolerancia en el deporte, en diferentes artículos define tanto las conductas como los actos que incitan a la violencia, las medidas para evitarlos por parte de los organizadores, así como las obligaciones de las personas espectadoras o asistentes a los espectáculos públicos. El fenómeno de la violencia en el deporte en nuestra sociedad es complejo y supera el ámbito propiamente deportivo, obligando a las instituciones públicas a adoptar medidas que fomenten la prevención. Es ampliamente conocida la vinculación de muchos grupos de aficionados que asisten a los partidos de fútbol, con ideologías tanto de extrema derecha como de extrema izquierda, y como estos grupos aprovechan la publicidad y difusión que otorgan las gradas de un recinto deportivo para hacer apología de sus ideales. Asimismo, el gran número de partidos de índole internacional que tienen lugar cada año, hace que se desplacen hasta nuestro país numerosos aficionados extranjeros, algunos de los cuales portan sus banderas y señas de identidad, las cuales en algunas ocasiones, esconden mensajes de índole intolerante o racista que no son conocidos ni por los responsables policiales, ni por el personal de seguridad privada de los Clubes. Por ello, se ha elaborado el presente Manual, que recoge un amplio elenco de símbolos, emblemas y banderas, utilizados por distintos grupos, tanto de España como de otros países europeos, y cuya exhibición puede incitar a la violencia, el racismo, la xenofobia o la intolerancia.
    [Show full text]