DOCSLIB.ORG

Concentration Camps

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Concentration Camps Survival and Resistance under the Nazism and the Islam Problematic Today Researcher and Editor: Philippe L. De Coster, B.Th.,D.D. Foreword We live in a time of unparalleled instances of democide, genocide and ethnocide. The Holocaust, the genocides in Darfur, Turkey, Cambodia, Tibet, & Bosnia, the disappearances in Argentina & Chile, the death squad killings in El Salvador, Stalin's purges, the killing of the Tutsi in Rwanda, the Islamic State and the Salafists, but the list goes on. Mass violence, torture, violations of fundamental human rights, and the mistreatment of human beings is not a new aspect of humanity; documentation of such events spans the historical record. Christianity since its creation in the first century of our time, they were as cruel like the Islamic State in name of the Islam today. However, technology has taken these cruelties to new levels. 2 It is imperative that a greater understanding of the psychological, cultural, political, and societal roots of human cruelty, mass violence, and genocide be developed. We need to continue to examine the factors which enable individuals collectively and individually to perpetrate evil/genocide and the impact of apathetic bystanders as fuel for human violence. While an exact predictive model for mass violence/human cruelty is beyond the scope of human capability, we have an obligation to develop a model that highlights the warning signs and predisposing factors for human violence and genocide. With such information, we can develop policies, strategies, and programs designed to counteract these atrocities. Nazi History Briefly At the beginning of the 1930s, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party exploited widespread and deep-seated discontent in Germany to attract popular and political support. There was resentment at the crippling territorial, military and economic terms of the Versailles Treaty, which Hitler blamed on treacherous politicians and promised to overturn. The democratic post-World War I Weimar Republic was marked by a weak coalition government and political crisis, in answer to which the Nazi party offered strong leadership and national rebirth. From 1929 onwards, the worldwide economic depression provoked hyperinflation, social unrest and mass unemployment, to which Hitler offered scapegoats such as the Jews. Hitler pledged civil peace, radical economic policies, and the restoration of national pride and unity. Nazi rhetoric was virulently nationalist and anti- Semitic. The ‘subversive’ Jews were portrayed as responsible for all of Germany’s ills. In the federal elections of 1930 (which followed the Wall Street Crash), the Nazi Party won 107 seats in the Reichstag (the German Parliament), becoming the second-largest party. The following year, it more than doubled its seats. In January 1933, President von Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor, believing that the Nazis could be controlled from within the cabinet. Hitler set about consolidating his power, destroying Weimar democracy and establishing a dictatorship. On 27 February, the Reichstag burned; Dutch communist Marianus van der Lubbe was found inside, arrested and charged with arson. With the Communist Party discredited and banned, the Nazis passed the Reichstag Fire Decree, which dramatically curtailed civil liberties. In March 1933, the Nazis used intimidation and manipulation to pass the 3 Enabling Act, which allowed them to pass laws which did not need to be voted on in the Reichstag. Over the next year, the Nazis eliminated all remaining political opposition, banning the Social Democrats, and forcing the other parties to disband. In July 1933, Germany was declared a one-party state. In the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ of June 1934, Hitler ordered the Gestapo and the SS to eliminate rivals within the Nazi Party. In 1935, the Nuremburg Laws marked the beginning of an institutionalised anti-Semitic persecution which would culminate in the barbarism of the ‘Final Solution’. Hitler’s first moves to overturn the Versailles settlement began with the rearmament of Germany, and in 1936 he ordered the remilitarisation of the Rhineland. Hitler became bolder as he realised that Britain and France were unwilling and unable to challenge German expansionism. Between 1936 and 1939, he provided military aid to Franco’s fascist forces in the Spanish Civil War, despite having signed the ‘Non-Intervention Agreement’. In March 1938, German troops marched into Austria; the Anschluss was forbidden under Versailles. Anglo-French commitment to appeasement and ‘peace for our time’ meant that when Hitler provoked the ‘Sudeten Crisis’, demanding that the Sudetenland be ceded to Germany, Britain and France agreed to his demands at September 1938’s Munich conference. Germany’s territorial expansion eastwards was motivated by Hitler’s desire to unite German–speaking peoples, and also by the concept of Lebensraum: the idea of providing Aryan Germans with ‘living space’. At the end of the year, anti-Jewish pogroms erupted across Germany and Austria. Kristallnacht – a state-orchestrated attack on Jewish property – resulted in the murder of 91 Jews. Twenty thousand more were arrested and transported to concentration camps. In March 1939, Germany seized the remainder of Czechoslovakia; in August Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact of non-aggression with the USSR. The next step would be the invasion of Poland and the coming of World War II. Genocide (Concentration Camps) The systematic policy of racial extermination carried out against Jews by the Nazis in Europe during World War II stands out as one of history’s most horrifying events. This assault upon Europe’s Jewry began when Hitler came to power in 1933 and culminated in the terrible orchestration of the ‘Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe’, in which six million Jews were killed. The Nazis targeted many groups for extermination, including Gypsies, Slavs, the disabled and homosexuals, all of whom were labelled as ‘undesirables’ with 4 no future in the Nazi state. However the scale of persecution and murder of Jews – presented in Nazi ideology as an insidious, lethal enemy of the Aryan ‘master race’ – was on a scale without comparison. The Nazis drew on a deeply ingrained tradition of anti-Semitism which permeated much of Europe in the 1930s. And although the Nazis adapted their rhetoric to meet the times, those who collaborated in the extermination of Jews across Europe were often responding to much older prejudices. From 1933 onwards, the Nazis implemented discriminatory policies against German Jews, most infamously under the 1935 Nuremburg Laws, which stripped them of German citizenship. In November 1938, Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass) – an attack on Jewish property engineered by Propaganda Minister Josef Goebbels – resulted in the murder of 91 Jews, and the deportation to camps of more than 20,000. After Germany conquered Poland in 1939, the persecution reached terrifying new levels. Polish Jews were rounded up and forced to live in ghettoes, where disease and starvation were constant threats. In Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, the Einsatzgruppen (‘special operations groups’) followed in the wake of advancing German forces. These paramilitary death squads under SS command were made up of Nazi security forces and local volunteers. They orchestrated mass killings of defenceless civilians: Communists, intellectuals, gypsies, and above all Jews. At the ravine of Babi Yar near Kiev, Einsatzgruppe C organised the war’s most notorious massacre, killing 33,771 Jews on 29 and 30 September 1941. The implementation of ‘Death Camp Operations’ began in December 1941, at Semlin in Serbia and Chelmno in Poland, where a total of over 400,000 Jews were killed by the exhaust fumes of specially adapted vans. On 20 January 1942, at a conference in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee, the ‘Final Solution’ – the annihilation of European Jews - was set up as a systematic operation headed by Reinhard Heydrich. The Nazis began transporting Jews to a network of concentration and extermination camps including Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and the largest and most notorious, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, where Jews would be either instantly killed or worked to death. A total of 1.1 million people (a million of them Jews) were murdered in the gas chambers of Auschwitz. The horrific scenes of decaying corpses and emaciated prisoners which Allied troops found as they liberated Nazi camps led to difficult questions about Allied wartime policy towards Nazi genocide. Many felt that British and US politicians, aware of what was occurring in Nazi German concentration camps in German-occupied Poland, failed to act decisively for motives of political 5 expediency. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, many of the leading officials who manned the camps were tried and executed, including Rudolf Hess, commandant of Auschwitz, hanged in 1947. In addition, the term ‘genocide’ became part of international law, due to the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide. Yet as events in Yugoslavia and Rwanda have demonstrated, these steps failed to extinguish the tragic shadow of genocide from the world. Invasion Poland On 1 September 1939, 62 German divisions supported by 1,300 aircraft began the invasion of Poland. At 8pm on the same day, Poland requested military assistance from Britain and France. Two days later, in fulfilment of their April 1939 pledge to support the country in the event of an attack, Britain and France declared war on Germany. World War II had begun. The Anglo-French declaration of war may have been unexpected, but Hitler’s prediction that the campaign against Poland would be short and victorious was correct. At 6am on 1 September, as Warsaw was battered by the first in a succession of bombing raids, two German army groups invaded Poland from Slovakia in the south and Prussia in the north. The German air force, which had much more advanced aircrafts than the Poles, quickly established air supremacy by attacking and destroying the Polish air force in the air and on the ground. This allowed German bombers to attack road and rail junctions, as well as concentrations of Polish troops.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Islamism Tainted France's Presidential Election
    DATELINE How Islamism Tainted France’s Presidential Election by Nidra Poller What is Europe going to do about Islam? Submit? Resist? Or just wait it out, dimwittedly? The recent French presidential election offers insight into the way Islam, or more exactly the Islamist factor, may eventually play out in European politics. Despite attempts by the Left to focus the debate on the economic crisis, Islam played a decisive role in the contest. The Socialist candidate, whose platform was tilted to favor the party’s Muslim clientele, could not have won without total support in the second round of voting from far Left parties marked by zealous anti-Zionism and a full range of anti-Western ideologies. The question of Islam-in-France was raised with un- precedented candor by incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy of the Movement for a Popular Majority (UMP). For the first time in France, a major party clearly advocated a push back against Islam (qualified of course with the adjective “radical”). This strategy fired up the enthusiasm of the base, mobilized voters, brought tens of thousands to party rallies, and led to a daily increase in Sarkozy’s polling figures. It would be fair to estimate that if he had had one more week to campaign he might have defeated Hollande during the second-round vote on May 6, 2012. But his momentum had already been slowed by Marine Le Pen, candidate of a refur- bished Front National. During the first-round campaign of April 9-22, the media kept its spotlight on her in a replay of the strategy used by the last Socialist president, François Mitterrand, who deployed them to exaggerate her father Jean-Marie Le Pen’s importance and weaken the conservative opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • France's Action Against Anti6semitism
    FRANCE’S FIGHT AGAINST ANTI-SEMITISM March 2007 France deploys a global strategy to combat the resurgence of anti-Semitism, including prevention, repression (“zero tolerance policy”), and international actions. After a significant decrease of anti-Semitic acts in 2005 (-47%), France experienced in 2006 the horrific murder of Ilan Halimi and a rebound of anti-Semitic acts with 371 acts (+24%). In spite of this setback, the number of acts remains below the level reached in 2004. French authorities remain fully mobilized to fight against anti-Semitism. On the domestic front, preventive measures have been implemented since 2002 and tougher penalties mandated. At the international level, major efforts have been made to increase awareness of this serious problem among our partners in a variety of different arenas. These initiatives reflect France’s vigilance and determination to fight this terrible scourge. 1. French authorities remain fully mobilized to prevent and penalize anti- Semitic offenses: ¾ French legislation to combat anti-Semitic acts is some of the toughest worldwide. The “Lellouche Act” of 2003 imposes tougher penalties for racist, anti-Semitic or xenophobic offenses. It introduces the aggravating circumstance of racism or anti-Semitism for certain offenses, which has the effect of toughening the penalty and can even increase the severity of the charge. Another law passed in 2004 expands the list of offenses to which the aggravating circumstance of racism or anti-Semitism can be added, and it extends the deadline for filing a complaint from three months to one year. A law passed in July 2004 on electronic and audiovisual communications strengthened existing means to fight racism and anti-Semitism in the media.
    [Show full text]
  • Million Dollar Dinner Lives up to Its Name
    Published by the Jewish Community of Louisville, Inc. DECEMBER 26, 2014 4 TEVET 5775www.jewishlouisville.org Community 1 INSIDE Jewish Film Festival is larger than ever and a special look back a the history Broadway PAGE 5 Communit■ ■ y FRIDAY VOL. 40, NO. 04 4 tevet 5775 deceMber 26, 2014 Million Dollar Dinner Lives Up to its Name By Phyllis Shaikun The Jewish Federation of Louisville’s Million Dollar Dinner on Saturday, De- cember 13, at the Standard Club, lived up to its name and attracted a festive crowd of more than 200 to celebrate the community successfully raising over that sum during the Week of Giving ef- fort held December 7-13. The gala was a thank you to donors and to volunteers who worked tirelessly, along with 2015 Campaign Chair Doug Gordon and Co- chair Ariel Kronenberg, to ensure the million-dollar mark would be reached by the night of the dinner. Gordon emceed the proceedings and began the evening’s formal program by thanking the Jewish Heritage Fund for Excellence for the use of the Standard Club and to Heaven Hill Distilleries for contributing the alcohol for the evening. Gordon then recognized past presi- dents and chairs from the Jewish Com- munity Center, Jewish Community Federation and Jewish Community of Louisville who provided inspiration and leadership that set the path and brought us to this point. He shared highlights of their collective accomplishments, which A group of past and present CenterStage performers entertained the audience at the tenth annual Light Up CenterStage on December 6. The event finished off Center- see MILLION DOLLAR page 16 Stage’s portion of the Meet the Challenge campaign, meaning the theate will get new chairs and a curtain.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Aaron Kenedy / the New Anti-Semitism and Diasporic 8 Liminality: Jewish Identity from France to Montreal
    Robert Aaron Kenedy / The New Anti-Semitism and Diasporic 8 Liminality: Jewish Identity from France to Montreal Robert Aaron Kenedy The New Anti-Semitism and Diasporic Liminality: Jewish Identity from France to Montreal Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes, vol. 25, 2017 9 Through a case study approach, 40 French Jews were interviewed revealing their primary reason for leaving France and resettling in Montreal was the continuous threat associated with the new anti-Semitism. The focus for many who participated in this research was the anti-Jewish sentiment in France and the result of being in a liminal diasporic state of feeling as though they belong elsewhere, possibly in France, to where they want to return, or moving on to other destinations. Multiple centred Jewish and Francophone identities were themes that emerged throughout the interviews. There have been few accounts of the post-1999 French Jewish diaspora and reset- tlement in Canada. There are some scholarly works in the literature, though apart from journalistic reports, there is little information about this diaspora.1 Carol Off’s (2005) CBC documentary entitled One is too Many: Anti-Semitism on the Rise in Eu- rope highlights the new anti-Semitism in France and the outcome of Jews leaving for Canada. The documentary also considers why a very successful segment of Jews would want to leave France, a country in which they have felt relatively secure since the end of the Second World War. This documentary and media reports of French Jews leaving France for destinations such as Canada provided the inspiration for beginning an in-depth case study to investigate why Jews left France and decided to settle in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
    GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared
    [Show full text]
  • Rechtsextremismus in Europa I Ii Rechtsextremismus in Europa Rechts- Extremismus in Europa
    Ralf Melzer, Sebastian Serafi n (Hrsg.) RECHTS- EXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA Länderanalysen, Gegenstrategien und arbeitsmarktorientierte Ausstiegsarbeit FES GEGEN RECHTS EXTREMISMUS Forum Berlin RECHTSEXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA I II RECHTSEXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA RECHTS- EXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA Länderanalysen, Gegenstrategien und arbeitsmarktorientierte Ausstiegsarbeit 1 Impressum ISBN: 978-3-86498-521-8 Herausgegeben für die Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung von: Ralf Melzer und Sebastian Serafi n Forum Berlin/Politischer Dialog Projekt „Gegen Rechtsextremismus“ Hiroshimastraße 17, 10785 Berlin Lektorat: Barbara Engels, Barbara Hoffmann, Stephan Schmauke,(H Viktoria Kleber Übersetzung: zappmedia GmbH, Berlin Fotos: Siehe Seite 463 Gestaltung: Pellens Kommunikationsdesign GmbH, Bonn Druck: Druck- und Verlagshaus Zarbock GmbH & Co. KG Sontraer Straße 6, 60386 Frankfurt am Main Copyright 2013 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Projekt „Gegen Rechtsextremismus“, Forum Berlin Anmerkungen der Herausgeber: Zu Gunsten eines fl üssigeren Textes und einer besseren Lesbarkeit wird in diesem Buch nicht jeweils die weibliche und männliche Schreibweise personenbezogener Hauptwörter verwendet. Auch wenn nur die männliche grammatikalische Form Anwendung fi ndet, sind selbstverständlich Frauen und Männer gleichermaßen gemeint. Die in den Artikeln geäußerten Einschätzungen und Auffassungen liegen in der Verantwortung der Autoren und spiegeln nicht unbedingt die Meinung der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung oder der Herausgeber wider. Um den individuellen Charakter der einzelnen Beiträge in diesem
    [Show full text]
  • Safe Standing – What Are Rail Seats
    © Stadionwelt.de What Are Rail Seats? Robust metal seats with a high back forming Rail seats are widely used in Germany. a sturdy rail for safe standing. Fitted in place UK distribution is via the supplier of all of normal seats they link together to create a 60,000 seats for the Emirates Stadium. continuous, strong rail right along the row. The hihistorystory of rail seats Height and strength comply with government German football clubs see standing as requirements. They are also approved for an integral part of fan culture. Every use as seats by UEFA and FIFA, e.g. for ground provides standing areas. At World Cup and Champions League matches. 2011 champions Borussia Dortmund, for instance, there is standing for 27,000 The seats fold up flush between the uprights, fans, a third of the stadium capacity. thus creating wider clearways than along rows of normal seats. In 2000, the clubs faced a challenge. UEFA stipulated that grounds staging BENEFITS OF THE RAIL SEAT SOLUTION Champions League and UEFA Cup • Answers fans’ call for choice games had to be all-seater. What to do? • Makes football more socially inclusive The clubs were committed to standing • Counters problems of ageing fan base but had to comply with UEFA’s new • Safer than standing at low-backed seats rules. They found three solutions. One • Saves money on seat repairs was ‘Variositze’, ‘rail seats’ to us. • Better access for paramedics / stewards • Rails make it harder for offenders to flee Some clubs with rail seats: Hannover 96, Werder Bremen, Stuttgart, Hoffenheim, • Stadium remains UEFA / FIFA compliant Wolfsburg, Bayer Leverkusen and HSV.
    [Show full text]
  • Identitarian Movement
    Identitarian movement The identitarian movement (otherwise known as Identitarianism) is a European and North American[2][3][4][5] white nationalist[5][6][7] movement originating in France. The identitarians began as a youth movement deriving from the French Nouvelle Droite (New Right) Génération Identitaire and the anti-Zionist and National Bolshevik Unité Radicale. Although initially the youth wing of the anti- immigration and nativist Bloc Identitaire, it has taken on its own identity and is largely classified as a separate entity altogether.[8] The movement is a part of the counter-jihad movement,[9] with many in it believing in the white genocide conspiracy theory.[10][11] It also supports the concept of a "Europe of 100 flags".[12] The movement has also been described as being a part of the global alt-right.[13][14][15] Lambda, the symbol of the Identitarian movement; intended to commemorate the Battle of Thermopylae[1] Contents Geography In Europe In North America Links to violence and neo-Nazism References Further reading External links Geography In Europe The main Identitarian youth movement is Génération identitaire in France, a youth wing of the Bloc identitaire party. In Sweden, identitarianism has been promoted by a now inactive organisation Nordiska förbundet which initiated the online encyclopedia Metapedia.[16] It then mobilised a number of "independent activist groups" similar to their French counterparts, among them Reaktion Östergötland and Identitet Väst, who performed a number of political actions, marked by a certain
    [Show full text]
  • Consultation on Seated and Standing Accommodation at Football League Matches Contents
    CONSULTATION ON SEATED AND STANDING ACCOMMODATION AT FOOTBALL LEAGUE MATCHES CONTENTS Executive Summary ..............................................3 Scope .....................................................................4 Background ...........................................................5 Legislation and Regulations ................................7 What is Rail Seating? ...........................................9 Standing in modern stadia ................................10 Case Studies .......................................................12 The Public Debate ..............................................14 The Process for Change ....................................16 Considerations for Clubs ...................................18 Implementing Rail Seating .................................19 Questions for Clubs ...........................................21 List of References ..............................................22 All-Seater/Rail Seating Questionnaire ..............23 December 2013 Football League Operations Centre Edward VII Quay, Preston, Lancashire PR2 2YF Tel: 0844 826 5188 Football League Commercial Office 30 Gloucester Place, London W1U 8FL Tel: 0844 826 3103 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Football League Clubs have requested that The Football League review the ‘all-seater’ stadia requirement in the second tier of English football and investigate the issue of ‘rail seating’. This document sets out the current legislative, public policy and regulatory framework and what steps would be required for a change to the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossaire D'articles.Pdf
    A ABATTAGE RITUEL : n°53, p.7, Cousinage, Front monothéiste. ABBE PIERRE : n°31, p.42, Pierre VIAL, Saint abbé Pierre ? ABEILLE n°11, p.7, Nos sœurs les abeilles. ABKHAZIE : n°37, pp.43 à 52, Jean-Patrick ARTEAULT, Comprendre le conflit entre Russie et Géorgie. n°41, pp.36 à 48, Alain CAGNAT, Géorgie 2009, Etat des lieux. ABRAMOVITCH Roman : n°52, pp.9 à 15, Alain CAGNAT, Poutine et les Oligarques. ABROMAVICIUS Aivaras : n°70, pp. 35 à 38, Thierry THODINOR, L'Ukraine ou le capitalisme du désastre made in USA. ACADEMIE DES BEAUX ARTS: n°3, p.4, Eric DELCROIX, Le combat exemplaire de Claude Autant-Lara. ACCULTURATION : n°3, Arnaud MENU, La colonisation de l’Europe (Guillaume Faye). n°62, pp.33 à 35, Robert DRAGAN, Bretagne, l'identité difficile. n°69, pp.18-19, Pierre VIAL, Ces jeunes Européens qui se convertissent au culte du Djihad. Pourquoi ? n°72, pp. 25 à 32, Alain CAGNAT, Les années Europe Action de Dominique Venner à Jean Mabire. ACHARD Guy : n°49, p.50, La com’ au pouvoir (Guy Achard). ACTION DIRECTE : n°71, pp. 36 à 40, Roberto FIORINI, Georges Sorel, au-delà de la Raison ? ACTION FRANCAISE : n°71, pp. 47-49, Jean HAUDRY, Actualité de Maurras. ADG : n°32, p.15, Pierre VIAL, Pour saluer ADG. ADIMAD (Association amicale pour la Défense des Intérêts Moraux et matériels des Anciens détenus et exilés politiques de l’Algérie Française) : n°21, p.4, Fors l’Honneur (Claude Micheletti). n°22, p.40, Mémoire et chants d’Honneur (ADIMAD).
    [Show full text]
  • Football Supporters’ Federation and the Peterborough Council for Voluntary Service
    Please Take Care of our Environment Recycle this Newsletter if no longer required IN POSH WE TRUST Patron :- Tommy Robson Members of Supporters Direct, The Football Supporters’ Federation and the Peterborough Council for Voluntary Service. Sponsored by ‘CHARTERS’ and ‘OAKHAM ALES’ NEWSLETTER No 41 September 2014 Notification of Annual General Meeting and Board Member Nominations 2014 / 2015 - Posh Players Profiles What makes P.U.F.C. a Community Club? Pete’s ‘Memory’ Lane, Posh v Notts Forest! Visit our website: www.theposhtrust.co.uk E-Mail: [email protected] Registered as a Society under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014. Registration No. 29533R with the Financial Conduct Authority. THE POSH SUPPORTERS’ TRUST Chairman Barry Bennett, Secretary John Henson, Treasurer Geoff Callen Directors : Ray Cole, Keith Jennings, Walter Moore. John Lawrence. Ken Storey. Patron Tommy Robson. Consultant Peter Lloyd. The Posh Supporters’ Trust, is a democratic not-for-profit organisation of supporters, committed to strengthening the voice of supporters in the decision-making process at Peterborough United Football Club. We seek to improve the links between the club and the community it serves, and help the club to grow to the highest level. Our Mission : To bring Peterborough United Football Club, Posh fans and the local community closer together. To help disadvantaged and deserving fans to go to a match for free under the "Smile Ticket" scheme. To help the football club by increasing the Posh fan base through our "New Posh Fans Initiative." To support football related activities locally through sponsorship and donations whenever possible. To have a substantial membership in order to represent the views of fans at meetings with the football club and to promote their interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Combating Global White Supremacy in the Digital Era
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Graduate Center 2009 Combating Global White Supremacy in the Digital Era Jessie Daniels CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/197 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] 09_120_Ch09.qxd 4/21/09 5:31 AM Page 159 CHAPTER NINE Combating Global White Supremacy in the Digital Era In cyberspace the First Amendment is a local ordinance. —John Perry Barlow In 2002 Tore W. Tvedt, founder of the hate group Vigrid and a Norwegian cit- izen, was sentenced to time in prison for posting racist and anti-Semitic propa- ganda on a website. The Anti-Racism Center in Oslo filed a police complaint against Tvedt. On Vigrid’s website, Tvedt puts forward an ideology that mixes neo-Nazism, racism, and religion. Tvedt was tried and convicted in the Asker and Baerum District Court on the outskirts of Oslo. The charges were six counts of violating Norway’s antiracism law and one count each of a weapons violation and interfering with police. He was sentenced to seventy-five days in prison, with forty-five days suspended, and two years’ probation. Activists welcomed this as the first conviction for racism on the Internet in Norway. Following Tvedt’s release from prison, his Vigrid website is once again online.1 In contrast to the Norwegian response, many Americans seem to view white supremacy online as speech obviously protected under the First Amendment.
    [Show full text]