Index of Sites and Monuments
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Bells in Roman Britain
The sound of magic? Bells in Roman Britain Article Accepted Version Eckardt, H. and Williams, S. (2018) The sound of magic? Bells in Roman Britain. Britannia, 49. pp. 179-210. ISSN 0068-113X doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X18000028 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75441/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X18000028 Publisher: Cambridge University Press All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online The Sound of Magic? Bells in Roman Britain By HELLA ECKARDT and SANDIE WILLIAMS ABSTRACT Bells are recorded in many published excavation reports from Roman sites, but there has been no previous study of the British material. This paper explores the significance of bells in the Roman world from both a ritual and functional perspective. We create a first typology of Romano-British bells, provide an understanding of their chronology and examine any spatial and social differences in their use. Special attention is paid to bells from funerary or ritual contexts in order to explore the symbolic significance of these small objects. Bells from other parts of the Roman world are considered to provide comparisons with those from Roman Britain. -
BRI 51 1 Shorter-Contributions 307..387
318 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS An Early Roman Fort at Thirkleby, North Yorkshire By MARTIN MILLETT and RICHARD BRICKSTOCK ABSTRACT This paper reports the discovery through aerial photography of a Roman fort at Thirkleby, near Thirsk in North Yorkshire. It appears to have two structural phases, and surface finds indicate that it dates from the Flavian period. The significance of its location on the intersection of routes north–south along the edge of the Vale of York and east–west connecting Malton and Aldborough is discussed in the context of Roman annexation of the North. Keywords: Thirkleby; Roman fort; Roman roads; Yorkshire INTRODUCTION The unusually dry conditions in northern England in the summer of 2018 produced a substantial crop of new sites discovered through aerial photography. By chance, the Google Earth satellite image coverage for parts of Yorkshire has been updated with a set of images taken on 1 July 2018, during the drought. Amongst the numerous sites revealed in this imagery – often in areas where crop-marks are rarely visible – is a previously unknown Roman fort (FIG.1).1 The site (SE 4718 7728) lies just to the west of the modern A19, on the southern side of the Thirkleby beck at its confluence with the Carr Dike stream, about 6 km south-east of Thirsk. It is situated on level ground at a height of about 32 m above sea level on the southern edge of the flood plain of the beck, which is clearly visible on the aerial images. A further narrow relict stream bed runs beside it to the south-east. -
Does AACHEN Provide the Missing Urban Splendor for the Early Middle
69 Does AACHEN provide the missing urban splendor for the Early Middle Ages? For 300 years, Ravenna basically only shows San Salvatore ad Calchi – with a layout that fits the architectural styles of the 2nd/3rd or the 5th/ 6th century – in an otherwise ghostly wasteland. Ravenna's vivarium, although also dated in the 8th/9th century, does not help either, because structurally it resembles nymphaea of the 2nd/3rd century (Cerelli 2019, 294). But alas, Aachen also disappoints. For the 300 years of the Early Middle Ages, there are only Carolingian administrative buildings and one church. Early medieval wasteland of downtown AACHEN (8th-10th century AD), lacking residential quarters, latrines, streets, and baths etc., from which the monuments of Charlemagne stand out in splendid isolation. The small structures in the model represent primitive huts sunk into the dark earth (“dunkler Moder”) separating the High Middle Ages (10th/11th c. AD) from Roman civilization. [Photo G. Heinsohn from a video in Aachen's Centre Charlemagne with permission of the staff (2015). The video's co- author, Sebastian Ristow, points out that he plans to develop the model further; see also https://www.medieval.eu/charlemagne-aachen-2014/.] 70 Contemporary roads and latrines, housing for citizens and servants, lodgings for the warrior guards, stables, monasteries, water pipes, baths, parks for the peacocks, etc. have never been found. The famous monuments of Aachen protrude out of a death zone like broken teeth, reminding posterity of the magnificence of the once classically beautiful dentition: “Surprisingly, no excavation or construction site observation inside or outside the old town of Aachen has so far recorded clear settlement remains of Carolingian times, although tradition suggests the presence of merchants and numerous inhabitants as well as the existence of quite sophisticated aristocratic courts, some of whose buildings and material culture should be found in the ground. -
Isurium Brigantum
Isurium Brigantum an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough The authors and publisher wish to thank the following individuals and organisations for their help with this Isurium Brigantum publication: Historic England an archaeological survey of Roman Aldborough Society of Antiquaries of London Thriplow Charitable Trust Faculty of Classics and the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Chris and Jan Martins Rose Ferraby and Martin Millett with contributions by Jason Lucas, James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven Verdonck and Lacey Wallace Research Report of the Society of Antiquaries of London No. 81 For RWS Norfolk ‒ RF Contents First published 2020 by The Society of Antiquaries of London Burlington House List of figures vii Piccadilly Preface x London W1J 0BE Acknowledgements xi Summary xii www.sal.org.uk Résumé xiii © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2020 Zusammenfassung xiv Notes on referencing and archives xv ISBN: 978 0 8543 1301 3 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background to this study 1 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data 1.2 Geographical setting 2 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the 1.3 Historical background 2 Library of Congress, Washington DC 1.4 Previous inferences on urban origins 6 The moral rights of Rose Ferraby, Martin Millett, Jason Lucas, 1.5 Textual evidence 7 James Lyall, Jess Ogden, Dominic Powlesland, Lieven 1.6 History of the town 7 Verdonck and Lacey Wallace to be identified as the authors of 1.7 Previous archaeological work 8 this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
The Roman House As Memory Theater: the House of the Tragic Poet in Pompeii Author(S): Bettina Bergmann Source: the Art Bulletin, Vol
The Roman House as Memory Theater: The House of the Tragic Poet in Pompeii Author(s): Bettina Bergmann Source: The Art Bulletin, Vol. 76, No. 2 (Jun., 1994), pp. 225-256 Published by: College Art Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3046021 Accessed: 18-01-2018 19:09 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms College Art Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Art Bulletin This content downloaded from 132.229.13.63 on Thu, 18 Jan 2018 19:09:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Roman House as Memory Theater: The House of the Tragic Poet in Pompeii Bettina Bergmann Reconstructions by Victoria I Memory is a human faculty that readily responds to training reading and writing; he stated that we use places as wax and and can be structured, expanded, and enriched. Today few, images as letters.2 Although Cicero's analogy had been a if any, of us undertake a systematic memory training. In common topos since the fourth century B.c., Romans made a many premodern societies, however, memory was a skill systematic memory training the basis of an education. -
"Dominus Muntanus". Mascula/Khenchela's Epigraph and the History of a Blunder
"Dominus Muntanus". Mascula/Khenchela's epigraph and the history of a blunder Alessandro Rossi ["Ager Veleias", 3.05 (2008)] Memoriae Peter Brock Toronto University (Thank You, professor …) 1. INTRODUCTION [1] Towards the end of IV century C.E. Basil of Caesarea explains in a long letter [2], focusing on the issue of baptism validity, whether celebrated by heretics and schismatics, that: The Pepuzans, then, are obviously heretical. For they have blasphemed against the Holy Spirit by unlawfully and shamelessly attributing the name of Paraclete to Montanus and Priscilla. They are condemned, therefore, either because they make men divine, or because they insult [3] the Holy Spirit by comparing him to men, and are thus liable to eternal condemnation because blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is unforgivable [4]. What basis to be accepted, then does the baptism have of these who baptize into the Father and the Son and Montanus or Priscilla? Such an interesting notice, about the occurred identification on the liturgical level between the Cataphrygians prophets and the Paraclet, should be submitted to critics considering both the polemical pattern in which it is included, and the characteristics of the polemic itself. Discussing on the difference between baptism either officiated by heretics, unacceptable for him, or officiated by schismatics (i.e. extra ecclesiam officiators just due to discipline, and not due to doctrinal dissensions), or during illegal meetings, Basil classifies Pepuzans, this term clearly used here as synonymous of Cataphrygians/Montanists, as heretic. The baptismal formula ascribed to them, even if preserving the trinitarian form, substitutes the name of the Spirit with the name of one out of the two prophets. -
Principaux Sites Romains
Un dossier de www.anticopedie.fr Principaux sites romains Albanie Butrinti (Buthrote) thermes Albanie Durrës (Dyrrachium) amphitheatre Algérie Abiot-Arab (oued), Babar el Slanis aqueduc Algérie Annaba (Hippone ou Hippo Regius) aqueduc, Thermes du Sud monuments, thermes Algérie Baghai (plaine) aqueduc Algérie Batna aqueduc Algérie Béjaia Saldae aqueduc Algérie Belezma (plaine) aqueduc Algérie Bélimour aqueduc Algérie Beni Mélek aqueduc Algérie Bordj-Zembia aqueduc Algérie Castellum Tingitanum aqueduc Algérie Chateaudun (plaine) aqueduc Algérie Cherchell (anc. Césarée de amphitheatre, Maurétanie) aqueduc, monuments Algérie Constantine (Cirta) aqueduc, monuments Algérie Djemila (Cuicul) aqueduc, Thermes de Commode monuments, thermes Algérie Djidgeli Igilgili aqueduc Algérie El Hamamet aqueduc Algérie Guelma (Calama) monument, theatre Algérie Guert-Gasses aqueduc Algérie Gunugu aqueduc Algérie Lambèse (Lambaesis) amphitheatre, monuments Algérie Macomades aqueduc Algérie Mahmel (plateau) aqueduc Algérie Mascula aqueduc Algérie Mellagou aqueduc Algérie Ouled Dahman aqueduc Algérie Perigotville aqueduc Algérie Rauzazus aqueduc Algérie Ruiscade aqueduc Algérie Sbikkra (plaine) aqueduc Algérie Sétif aqueduc Algérie Sidi Hamar aqueduc Algérie Sigus Siga aqueduc Algérie Skikda Ruisacde aqueduc Algérie Stora aqueduc Algérie Tamagra aqueduc Algérie Tebessa Thevestis amphitheatre, Temple de Minerve, arc de Caracalla aqueduc, monuments Algérie Tenes aqueduc Algérie Tiddis thermes Petits et grands thermes Algérie Tigava aqueduc Algérie Tiklat Tubusuptu -
Reexaming Heresy: the Donatists
Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II Volume 11 Article 9 2006 Reexaming Heresy: The onD atists Emily C. Elrod Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Elrod, Emily C. (2006) "Reexaming Heresy: The onD atists," Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II: Vol. 11 , Article 9. Available at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/historical-perspectives/vol11/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Elrod: Reexaming Heresy 42 Historical Perspectives March 2006 Reexamining Heresy 43 Reexamining Heresy: The Donatists sure to bear upon the clergy,” so as “to render the laity leaderless, and . bring about general apostasy.”5 The clergy were to hand over Scriptures to the authori- Emily C. Elrod ties to be burnt, an act of desecration that became On the first day of June in A.D. 411, Carthage, two known by the Donatists as the sin of traditio. Bishops hostile groups of Christians faced off in the summer who committed this sin had no spiritual power and heat to settle their differences. They met at the mas- 1 became known as traditores; Mensurius, the Bishop of sive Baths of Gargilius (Thermae Gargilianiae). On Carthage who died in 311, stood accused of traditio. -
Thesis-1980-E93l.Pdf
LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN By DIANE MARIE HOPPER EVERMAN " Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma December, 1977 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS July 25, 1980 -n , ,111e.5J s LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii 10S2909 PREFACE Lambaesis was a Roman Imperial military fortress in North Africa in the modern-day nation of Algeria. Rome originally acquired the territory as a result of the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars. Expansion of territory and settlement of surplus population were two ideas behind its Romanization. However, North Africa's greatest asset for becoming a province was its large yield of grain. This province furnished most of the wheat for the empire. If something happened to hinder its annual production level then Rome and its provinces would face famine. Unlike most instances of acquiring territory Rome did not try to assimilate the native transhumant population. Instead these inhabitants held on to their ancestral lands until they were forcibly removed. This territory was the most agriculturally productive; unfortunately, it was also the area of seasonal migration for the native people. Lambaesis is important in this scheme because it was the base of the solitary legion in North Africa, the III Legio Augusta. After beginning in the eastern section of the province just north of the Aures Mountains the legion gradually moved west leaving a peaceful area behind. The site of Lambaesis was the III Legio Augusta's westernmost fortress. -
Heracles on Top of Troy in the Casa Di Octavius Quartio in Pompeii Katharina Lorenz
9 | Split-screen visions: Heracles on top of Troy in the Casa di Octavius Quartio in Pompeii katharina lorenz The houses of Pompeii are full of mythological images, several of which present scenes of Greek, few of Roman epic.1 Epic visions, visual experi- ences derived from paintings featuring epic story material, are, therefore, a staple feature in the domestic sphere of the Campanian town throughout the late first century BCE and the first century CE until the destruction of the town in 79 CE. The scenes of epic, and mythological scenes more broadly, profoundly undercut the notion that such visualisations are merely illustration of a textual manifestation; on the contrary: employing a diverse range of narrative strategies and accentuations, they elicit content exclusive to the visual domain, and rub up against the conventional, textual classifications of literary genres. The media- and genre-transgressing nature of Pompeian mythological pictures renders them an ideal corpus of material to explore what the relationships are between visual representations of epic and epic visions, what characterises the epithet ‘epic’ when transferred to the visual domain, and whether epic visions can only be generated by stories which the viewer associates with a text or texts of the epic genre. One Pompeian house in particular provides a promising framework to study this: the Casa di Octavius Quartio, which in one of its rooms combines two figure friezes in what is comparable to the modern cinematographic mode of the split screen. Modern study has been reluctant to discuss these pictures together,2 1 Vitruvius (7.5.2) differentiates between divine, mythological and Homeric decorations, emphasising the special standing of Iliad and Odyssey in comparison to the overall corpus of mythological depictions; cf. -
The Buried Cities of Campa Ia Their History
THE BURIED CITIES OF CAMPAIA THEIR HISTORY, THEIR DESTRUCTIO, AD THEIR REMAIS. By W. H. DAVEPORT ADAMS, " And in an hour of universal mirth, What time the trump proclaims the festival. Buries some capital city, there to sleep The sleep of ages — till a plough, a spade Disclose the secret, and the eye of day Glares coldly on the streets, the skeletons ; Each in his place, each in his gay attire. And eager to enjoy." ROGERS. 1870. SHAKSPEARE makes Malcolm say of the Thane of Cawdor, that " nothing in his life became him like the leaving it." Of Pompeii it may be said, that nothing in its history is equal in interest to its last scene. The fate of the gay Campanian city has been curious. Some cities have secured enduring fame by their commercial opulence, like Tyre ; by their art-wonders, like Athens ; by their world-wide power, like Rome ; or their gigantic ruins, like Thebes. Of others, scarcely less famous for their wealth and empire, the site is almost forgotten ; their very names have almost passed away from the memory of men. But this third-rate provincial town — the " Brighton" or " Scarborough" of the Roman patricians, though less splendid and far less populous than the English watering-places— owes its celebrity to its very destruction. Had it not been overwhelmed by the ashes- of Vesuvius, the student, the virtuoso, and the antiquary, would never have been drawn to it as to a VI PREFACE. shrine worthy of a pilgrim's homage. As a graceful writer has justly remarked, the terrible mountain, whilst it destroyed, has also saved Pompeii ; and in so doing, has saved tor us an ever- vivid illustration of anpient Roman life. -
Rethinking the Achilles at Skyros Myth: Two Representations from Pompeii
RETHINKING THE ACHILLES AT SKYROS MYTH: TWO REPRESENTATIONS FROM POMPEII Jackson Noah Miller A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Hérica Valladares Jennifer Gates-Foster Donald Haggis © 2020 Jackson Miller ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Jackson Noah Miller: Rethinking the Achilles at Skyros Myth: Two Representations from Pompeii (Under the direction of Hérica Valladares) Previous scholarship on the Pompeiian representations of the Achilles at Skyros myth has largely focused on how these works of art communicate moralizing messages about traditional gender roles. I argue, however, that artists seem especially interested in exploring and representing Achilles and Deidamia’s love story. Through a close analysis of images and texts, I demonstrate how amatory themes were central to Roman versions of this myth in both literature and art. By focusing on the decorative ensembles from the House of the Dioscuri and the House of Apollo I highlight the importance of these images’ architectural contexts in framing the viewer’s interpretation of this myth—a myth that touched on themes of love and loss. iii To my idol and mother, Dr. Nancy B. Jackson iv TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 II. Literary Evidence ..........................................................................................