Fictibacillus Phosphorivorans Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. and Proposal to Reclassify
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Tesis Doctoral 2014 Filogenia Y Evolución De Las Poblaciones Ambientales Y Clínicas De Pseudomonas Stutzeri Y Otras Especies
TESIS DOCTORAL 2014 FILOGENIA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS POBLACIONES AMBIENTALES Y CLÍNICAS DE PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI Y OTRAS ESPECIES RELACIONADAS Claudia A. Scotta Botta TESIS DOCTORAL 2014 Programa de Doctorado de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología FILOGENIA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS POBLACIONES AMBIENTALES Y CLÍNICAS DE PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI Y OTRAS ESPECIES RELACIONADAS Claudia A. Scotta Botta Director/a: Jorge Lalucat Jo Director/a: Margarita Gomila Ribas Director/a: Antonio Bennasar Figueras Doctor/a por la Universitat de les Illes Balears Index Index ……………………………………………………………………………..... 5 Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………………... 7 Abstract/Resumen/Resum ……………………………………………………….. 9 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………. 15 I.1. The genus Pseudomonas ………………………………………………….. 17 I.2. The species P. stutzeri ………………………………………………......... 23 I.2.1. Definition of the species …………………………………………… 23 I.2.2. Phenotypic properties ………………………………………………. 23 I.2.3. Genomic characterization and phylogeny ………………………….. 24 I.2.4. Polyphasic identification …………………………………………… 25 I.2.5. Natural transformation ……………………………………………... 26 I.2.6. Pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance …………………………….. 26 I.3. Habitats and ecological relevance ………………………………………… 28 I.3.1. Role of mobile genetic elements …………………………………… 28 I.4. Methods for studying Pseudomonas taxonomy …………………………... 29 I.4.1. Biochemical test-based identification ……………………………… 30 I.4.2. Gas Chromatography of Cellular Fatty Acids ................................ 32 I.4.3. Matrix Assisted Laser-Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight -
CHAPTER 1: General Introduction and Aims 1.1 the Genus Cronobacter: an Introduction
Diversity and virulence of the genus Cronobacter revealed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and comparative genomic analysis Susan Manju Joseph A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Nottingham Trent University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2013 Experimental work contained in this thesis is original research carried out by the author, unless otherwise stated, in the School of Science and Technology at the Nottingham Trent University. No material contained herein has been submitted for any other degree, or at any other institution. This work is the intellectual property of the author. You may copy up to 5% of this work for private study, or personal, non-commercial research. Any re-use of the information contained within this document should be fully referenced, quoting the author, title, university, degree level and pagination. Queries or requests for any other use, or if a more substantial copy is required, should be directed in the owner(s) of the Intellectual Property Rights. Susan Manju Joseph ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my immense gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Stephen Forsythe for having offered me the opportunity to work on this very exciting project and for having been a motivating and inspiring mentor as well as friend through every stage of this PhD. His constant encouragement and availability for frequent meetings have played a very key role in the progress of this research project. I would also like to thank my co-supervisors, Dr. Alan McNally and Prof. Graham Ball for all the useful advice, guidance and participation they provided during the course of this PhD study. -
Characterization of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Sediments, Atacama Desert, Chile
microorganisms Article Characterization of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Sediments, Atacama Desert, Chile Constanza Herrera 1, Ruben Moraga 2,*, Brian Bustamante 1, Claudia Vilo 1, Paulina Aguayo 1,3,4, Cristian Valenzuela 1, Carlos T. Smith 1 , Jorge Yáñez 5, Victor Guzmán-Fierro 6, Marlene Roeckel 6 and Víctor L. Campos 1,* 1 Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (C.V.); [email protected] (P.A.); [email protected] (C.V.); [email protected] (C.T.S.) 2 Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile 3 Faculty of Environmental Sciences, EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile 4 Institute of Natural Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepcion, Campus El Boldal, Av. Alessandri N◦1160, Concepcion 4090940, Chile 5 Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; [email protected] 6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; victorguzmanfi[email protected] (V.G.-F.); [email protected] (M.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (V.L.C.) Abstract: Arsenic (As), a semimetal toxic for humans, is commonly associated -
Sphingopyxis Italica, Sp. Nov., Isolated from Roman Catacombs 1 2
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE IJSEM Papers in Press. Published December 21, 2012 as doi:10.1099/ijs.0.046573-0 provided by Digital.CSIC 1 Sphingopyxis italica, sp. nov., isolated from Roman catacombs 2 3 Cynthia Alias-Villegasª, Valme Jurado*ª, Leonila Laiz, Cesareo Saiz-Jimenez 4 5 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC, 6 Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain 7 8 * Corresponding author: 9 Valme Jurado 10 Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia, IRNAS-CSIC 11 Apartado 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain 12 Tel. +34 95 462 4711, Fax +34 95 462 4002 13 E-mail: [email protected] 14 15 ª These authors contributed equally to this work. 16 17 Keywords: Sphingopyxis italica, Roman catacombs, rRNA, sequence 18 19 The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from strain SC13E-S71T can be accessed 20 at Genbank, accession number HE648058. 21 22 A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain SC13E- 23 S71T, was isolated from tuff, the volcanic rock where was excavated the 24 Roman Catacombs of Saint Callixtus in Rome, Italy. Analysis of 16S 25 rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SC13E-S71T belongs to the 26 genus Sphingopyxis, and that it shows the greatest sequence similarity 27 with Sphingopyxis chilensis DSMZ 14889T (98.72%), Sphingopyxis 28 taejonensis DSMZ 15583T (98.65%), Sphingopyxis ginsengisoli LMG 29 23390T (98.16%), Sphingopyxis panaciterrae KCTC12580T (98.09%), 30 Sphingopyxis alaskensis DSM 13593T (98.09%), Sphingopyxis 31 witflariensis DSM 14551T (98.09%), Sphingopyxis bauzanensis DSM 32 22271T (98.02%), Sphingopyxis granuli KCTC12209T (97.73%), 33 Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida KACC 10927T (97.49%), Sphingopyxis 34 ummariensis DSM 24316T (97.37%) and Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae T 35 KCTC 22112 (97.09%). -
1 Multifunctionality and Diversity of Culturable Bacterial Communities Strictly Associated With
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa 1 Multifunctionality and diversity of culturable bacterial communities strictly associated with 2 spores of the plant beneficial symbiont Rhizophagus intraradices 3 4 Fabio Battini, Caterina Cristani, Manuela Giovannetti, Monica Agnolucci* 5 Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 6 Pisa, Italy 7 8 RUNNING HEAD: Multifunctional culturable bacteria from AMF spores 9 10 *Corresponding author: M. Agnolucci, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, 11 University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy 12 Phone: +39.0502216647, Fax: +39.0502220606, e-mail address: [email protected] 13 14 15 ABSTRACT 16 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) live in symbiosis with most crop plants and represent 17 essential elements of soil fertility and plant nutrition and productivity, facilitating soil mineral 18 nutrient uptake and protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. These beneficial services may 19 be mediated by the dense and active spore-associated bacterial communities, which sustain diverse 20 functions, such as the promotion of mycorrhizal activity, biological control of soilborne diseases, 21 nitrogen fixation, and the supply of nutrients and growth factors. In this work, we utilised culture- 22 dependent methods to isolate and functionally characterize the microbiota strictly associated to 23 Rhizophagus intraradices spores, and molecularly identified the strains with best potential plant 24 growth promoting (PGP) activities by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. We isolated in pure culture 374 25 bacterial strains belonging to different functional groups - actinobacteria, spore-forming, 26 chitinolytic and N2-fixing bacteria - and screened 122 strains for their potential PGP activities. -
Biodiversité Microbienne Dans Les Milieux Extrêmes Salés Du Nord-Est Algérien
اﻟﺟﻣﮭورﯾﺔ اﻟﺟزاﺋرﯾﺔ اﻟدﯾﻣﻘراطﯾﺔ اﻟﺷﻌﺑﯾﺔ République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire وزارة اﻟتــﻋﻠﯾم اﻟﻊــــاﻟﻲ و اﻟبـــﺣث اﻟﻊـــﻟﻣﻲ Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique جـــاﻣﻌﺔ ﺑـﺎﺗـﻧـــــــــــــــﺔ Université Mustapha Ben Boulaid- Batna 2 2 كــــﻟﯾــــــﺔ عـــــﻟوم اﻟطــﺑﯾﻌـــــــﺔ ـوالحــــﯾﺎة Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie ﻗـــﺳم اﻟﻣﯾﻛروﺑﯾوﻟوﺟﯾـــــــﺎ و اﻟﺑﯾوﻛﯾﻣﯾـــــــﺎء Département de Microbiologie et Biochimie Réf : …………………………… اﻟﻣـرﺟﻊ :………………….…… Thèse présentée par Taha MENASRIA En vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Doctorat en ScienceS Filière : Sciences Biologiques Spécialité : Microbiologie Appliquée Thème Biodiversité microbienne dans les milieux extrêmes salés du Nord-Est Algérien Devant le jury composé de : Président : Dr. Kamel AISSAT (Professeur) Univ. de Batna 2 Directeur de thèse : Dr. Hocine HACÈNE (Professeur) Univ. d’Alger (USTHB) Co-directeur de thèse : Dr. Abdelkrim SI BACHIR (Professeur) Univ. de Batna 2 Examinateur : Dr. Yacine BENHIZIA (Professeur) Univ. de Constantine 1 Examinateur : Dr. Mahmoud KITOUNI (Professeur) Univ. de Constantine 1 Examinateur : Dr. Lotfi LOUCIF (Maître de conférences ‘A’) Univ. de Batna 2 Membre invité : Dr. Ammar AYACHI (Professeur) Univ. de Batna 1 Année universitaire : 2019-2020 Remerciements C’est un devoir d’exprimer mes remerciements et reconnaissances à travers cette thèse à tous ceux qui par leurs aides, encouragements et leurs conseils ont facilité, de près ou de loin, à l’élaboration et à la réalisation de ce modeste travail. Mes remerciements vont en premier ordre et particulièrement à : Dr. Hocine HACÈNE (Professeur à l’Université d’USTHB, Alger) pour le grand honneur qu’il m’a fait en acceptant de diriger ce travail, pour ses conseils et ses encouragements durant la réalisation de cette thèse. -
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses of Diverse Cntl Alone (A) and Cntlm (B) Amino Acid Sequences from Bacteria
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Metallomics. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020 Supplementary Figures A B 96 Paenibacillus amylolyticus NBRC-15957 100 Paenibacillus amylolyticus NBRC-15957 49 Paenibacillus pabuli NBRC13638 91 Paenibacillus pabuli NBRC13638 28 50 Bacillus gaemokensis BL3-6 Bacillus gaemokensis BL3-6 67 99 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus K02-(B2K11200) Paenibacillus mucilaginosus K02-(B2K11200) 56 Paenibacillus vortex V453 98 Paenibacillus vortex V453 Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 73 97 99 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus JKR-42 100 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus JKR-42 Actinosynnema mirum DSM43827 Actinosynnema mirum DSM43827 Austwickia chelonae NBRC105200 Austwickia chelonae NBRC105200 97 100 99 100 91 Glutamicibacter mysorens NBRC103060 98 Glutamicibacter mysorens NBRC103060 100 Arthrobacter arilaitensis RE117 100 Arthrobacter arilaitensis RE117 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius LMG-22219 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius LMG-22219 Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC-12228 Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC-12228 100 100 99 Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 100 Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 100 100 Staphylococcus argenteus 3688STDY6125130 100 Staphylococcus argenteus 3688STDY6125130 100 Fusobacterium varium NCTC10560 Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC-9817 96 Fusobacterium ulcerans NCTC12112 100 Fusobacterium varium NCTC10560 Fusobacterium mortiferum ATCC-9817 100 Fusobacterium ulcerans NCTC12112 100 Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7 100 Fictibacillus phosphorivorans Ca7 61 Fictibacillus arsenicus -
BIODATA 1) Name : Dr. Ch. Sasikala 2) Designation
BIODATA 1) Name : Dr. Ch. Sasikala 2) Designation : Professor and Chairperson, Board of Studies in Environemntal Science and Technology 3) Address a) Official : Centre for Environment, IST, JNT University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad – 500 085 INDIA Phone: 040-23158661 /2/3/4 Extn.3480 Email: [email protected] [email protected] , [email protected] b) Home : 5-3-357, Rashtrapathi Road, Secunderabad 500 003 INDIA Phone: Res. 040-27535462 (R) Mobile : 9000796341 4) Date of Birth : 9 th March 1963 5) Nature of work : Teaching/Research 6) Research experience : 30 years of research experience Including 26 years of post-doctoral experience 7) PG teaching experience : 21 years 8) Field of specialization : Environmental microbiology and biotechnology (Bacterial diversity, Bioprospecting, biodegradation and Bioremediation) 9) Research publications : 191 (Annexure A) (In standard refereed journals) Cumulative impact factor: 440 h index: 28; Number of citations: ~3,000 1 10) Academic qualifications and career record: a) Degrees : B.Sc., B.Ed., M.Sc., Ph.D. b) Details of Educational qualifications : Exam Subjects Board/ Year of Class/ % of passed University passing Division Marks S.S.C Tel. Hindi, Board of 1978 I 70 Eng. Maths, Secondary Ed. Gen. Sci. and Andhra Social studies Pradesh Intermediate Biol. Phy. Board of 1980 I 76.5 Chem. Intermediate Education, A.P B.Sc. Bot. Chem. Osmania 1983 I 83.2 Microbiol University B.Ed. Life Sciences Osmania 1984 I 68 University M.Sc. Applied Bharathiar 1986 I 70 Microbiology University (university second -
Exploring Bacterial Community Composition in Mediterranean Deep-Sea Sediments and Their Role in Heavy Metal Accumulation
Science of the Total Environment 712 (2020) 135660 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Exploring bacterial community composition in Mediterranean deep-sea sediments and their role in heavy metal accumulation Fadwa Jroundi a,⁎, Francisca Martinez-Ruiz b,MohamedL.Merrouna, María Teresa Gonzalez-Muñoz a a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain b Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 (Armilla) Granada, Spain HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • The westernmost Mediterranean is highly sensitive to anthropogenic pres- sure. • NGS showed mostly Bacillus and Micro- coccus as dominant in the deep-sea sed- iments. • Culturable bacteria revealed mostly the presence of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. • Marine culturable bacteria bioaccumulate heavy metals within the cells and/or in EPS. • Lead precipitates in the sediment bacte- rial cells as pyromorphite. article info abstract Article history: The role of microbial processes in bioaccumulation of major and trace elements has been broadly demonstrated. Received 25 September 2019 However, microbial communities from marine sediments have been poorly investigated to this regard. In marine Received in revised form 18 November 2019 environments, particularly under high anthropogenic pressure, heavy metal accumulation increases constantly, Accepted 19 November 2019 which may lead to significant environmental issues. A better knowledge of bacterial diversity and its capability to Available online 22 November 2019 bioaccumulate metals is essential to face environmental quality assessment. The oligotrophic westernmost Med- Editor: Dr. Frederic Coulon iterranean, which is highly sensitive to environmental changes and subjected to increasing anthropogenic pres- sure, was selected for this study. -
Compile.Xlsx
Silva OTU GS1A % PS1B % Taxonomy_Silva_132 otu0001 0 0 2 0.05 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria_un;Acidobacteria_un;Acidobacteria_un;Acidobacteria_un; otu0002 0 0 1 0.02 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Acidobacteriia;Solibacterales;Solibacteraceae_(Subgroup_3);PAUC26f; otu0003 49 0.82 5 0.12 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Aminicenantia;Aminicenantales;Aminicenantales_fa;Aminicenantales_ge; otu0004 1 0.02 7 0.17 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;AT-s3-28;AT-s3-28_or;AT-s3-28_fa;AT-s3-28_ge; otu0005 1 0.02 0 0 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Blastocatellia_(Subgroup_4);Blastocatellales;Blastocatellaceae;Blastocatella; otu0006 0 0 2 0.05 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Holophagae;Subgroup_7;Subgroup_7_fa;Subgroup_7_ge; otu0007 1 0.02 0 0 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;ODP1230B23.02;ODP1230B23.02_or;ODP1230B23.02_fa;ODP1230B23.02_ge; otu0008 1 0.02 15 0.36 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_17;Subgroup_17_or;Subgroup_17_fa;Subgroup_17_ge; otu0009 9 0.15 41 0.99 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_21;Subgroup_21_or;Subgroup_21_fa;Subgroup_21_ge; otu0010 5 0.08 50 1.21 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_22;Subgroup_22_or;Subgroup_22_fa;Subgroup_22_ge; otu0011 2 0.03 11 0.27 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_26;Subgroup_26_or;Subgroup_26_fa;Subgroup_26_ge; otu0012 0 0 1 0.02 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_5;Subgroup_5_or;Subgroup_5_fa;Subgroup_5_ge; otu0013 1 0.02 13 0.32 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_6;Subgroup_6_or;Subgroup_6_fa;Subgroup_6_ge; otu0014 0 0 1 0.02 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_6;Subgroup_6_un;Subgroup_6_un;Subgroup_6_un; otu0015 8 0.13 30 0.73 Bacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup_9;Subgroup_9_or;Subgroup_9_fa;Subgroup_9_ge; -
Adedayo OA.Pdf (3.909Mb)
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF PREVALENT ROOT NODULES BACTERIAL STRAIN FROM BAMBARA NUT (INDIGENOUS AFRICAN LEGUME) OAADEDAYO orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-6474 Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister in Biology at Mafikeng Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof. Olubukola 0 . Babalola Graduation October 2017 Student number: 27048187 http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/ NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY ® 11111 YUNIBESITI YA BOKONE-BOPHIRIMA ...., NOORDWES·UNIVERSITEIT It all starts here ™ " GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF PREVALENT ROOT NODULES BACTERIAL STRAIN FROM BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (INDIGENOUS AFRICAN LEGUME) BY OLALEKAN AYODELE ADEDAYO A Dissertation Submitted in Fulfilment of the requirements fo r the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY, MAFIKENG CAMPUS, SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: Professor Olubukola O. Babalola 2016 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that this disse1iation submitted to the North-West University for the degree of Masters of Science in Biology in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Technology, School of Environmental and Health Sciences, and the work contained herein is my original work with exception of the citations and that this work has not been submitted at any other University in part or entirety for the award of any degree. STUDENT NAME Olalekan Ayodele ADEDAYO SIGNATURE ................................. DATE ....................................... SUPERVISOR'S NAME Professor Olubukola BABALOLA SIGNATURE ................................. DATE ....................................... 2 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the Almighty God who is the beginning and ending, the custodian of wisdom, knowledge and understanding, and for sparing my li fe to achieve this task to Him alone be praised. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to the following people for their assistance. -
Polyphasic Systematics of Marine Bacteria and Their Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity
Polyphasic systematics of marine bacteria and their alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity Thesis Submitted to AcSIR For the Award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Biological Science By RAHUL BHOLESHANKAR MAWLANKAR AcSIR no. 10BB13J26036 Under the guidance of Research Supervisor Dr. Syed G. Dastager Research Co-supervisor Dr. Mahesh S. Dharne NCIM Resource Centre, Biochemical Science divison, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411 008, India Table of contents Table of contents 1 Certificate 4 Declaration 5 Acknowledgment 6 List of fugures 9 List of tables 12 List of abbreviations 14 Abstract 16 Chapter 1. Introduction 19 1.1. Bacterial Systematics 20 1.1.1. Phenotypic analysis 22 1.1.2. Phylogenetic analysis 28 1.1.2.1. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing 29 1.1.2.2. Phylogenetic analysis 30 1.1.2.3. Whole genome analysis 32 1.1.3. Genotypic analysis 33 1.1.3.1. DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) 33 1.1.3.2. Genomic DNA G+C content 35 1.1.3.3. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) 36 1.1.3.4. DNA profiling 37 1.2. Marine bacteria and their potentials 38 1.3. Marine sediments 39 1.4. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor 44 1.4.1. Acarbose 45 1.4.2. Voglibose 48 1.4.3. Nojirimycin 49 1.4.4. 1-deoxynojirimycin 50 1.4.5. Miglitol 51 1.5. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from marine isolates 52 Chapter 2. Polyphasic Systematic approach 55 2.1. Overview 56 2.2. Isolation of marine sediment sample 57 2.3. Characterization 57 2.3.1.