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The Louisiana Purchase Almost Doubled the Size of West of the Mississippi River

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The Louisiana Purchase Almost Doubled the Size of West of the Mississippi River DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A SECTION 2 The Louisiana TEKS 1C, 5A, 5E, 6E, 10A, 10B, 11A Purchase What You Will Learn… If YOU were there... Main Ideas You and your family live on a small farm in Kentucky in about 1800. 1. As American settlers moved Raised on the frontier, you are a skillful hunter and trapper. One day west, control of the Missis- sippi River became more im- at the trading post, you see a poster calling for volunteers to join portant to the United States. the Corps of Discovery. This expedition will explore the vast region 2. The Louisiana Purchase almost doubled the size of west of the Mississippi River. You think it would be exciting—but the United States. dangerous. You might never come home. 3. Expeditions led by Lewis, Clark, and Pike increased Would you volunteer to join the Corps of Discovery? Americans’ understanding of the West. The Big Idea UILDING ACKOU GR ND As the 1800s began, the United States Under President Jefferson’s B B leadership, the United States was expanding steadily westward. More lands were opened, and added the Louisiana Territory. settlers moved in to occupy them. Americans were also curious about the vast lands that lay farther west. Adventurous explorers organized expeditions to find out more about those lands. Key Terms and People Louisiana Purchase, p. 274 Meriwether Lewis, p. 275 William Clark, p. 275 American Settlers Move West Lewis and Clark expedition, p. 275 By the early 1800s, thousands of Americans settled in the area Sacagawea, p. 276 between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River. As the region’s Zebulon Pike, p. 276 population grew, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio were admitted to the Union. Settlers in these states depended upon the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to move their products to eastern markets. New Orleans, located at the mouth of the Mississippi, was a Use the graphic organizer online to very important port. Its busy docks were filled with settlers’ farm take notes on the events leading up products and valuable furs bought from American Indians. Many of to the Louisiana Purchase and the these cargoes were then sent to Europe. At the same time, manufac- exploration that followed. tured goods passed through the port on their way upriver. As Ameri- can dependence on the river grew, Jefferson began to worry that a foreign power might shut down access to New Orleans. “There is on the globe one single spot, the possessor of which is our natural and habitual enemy. It is New Orleans, through which the produce of three- eighths of our territory must pass to market.” —Thomas Jefferson, quoted in Annals of America, Volume 4, 1797–1820 272 CHAPTER 8 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A The Louisiana Purchase and Western Expeditions F o rt C la ts o p E R iv G e r L N B itte rroot E W R E T U R N BRITISH TERRITORY r I S 'S e A M tn s . u p e S rio r iv R k e L a R C L o lu E m b ia F o rt W N L a T U R M andan I k E S E C L A R K 'S R e n H D A OREGON COUNTRY a u k e A N g L a i r rio LOUISIANA D o ta C (C la im e d b y B rita in , h M n n c O S C i M s i Russia, Spain, and the PURCHASE L s S A A is e i R s M M IC H IG A N C U n ite d S ta te s ) k (Purchased in 1803) s K ip a ' e N S n r s S p k e I e G o E TERRITORY i i r iv u X P a E R r E L A i D k e N R a •• P I L T 4 0 T R i la I t R O N t E i v e v e N r e U R r A iv IN D IA N A OH e r O T TERRITORY r U.S. states and o e M a d v territories in 1804 lo r Pikes Peak i C o r 14,110 ft. S t. C h a rle s R v e O h io Louisiana Purchase R i (4,301 m ) S t. L o u is N A Disputed by United States I KY H ••N and Britain A 3 5 P r C k a A Lewis and Clark's L n s L Expedition, 1804–1806 a s TN A R iv e A Santa Fe r P Pike's Expedition, I P 1806–1807 N A R e d R ATLAN TIC S iv e 0 200 400 Miles r M ISSISSIPPI O CEAN TERRITORY 3 0 ••N 0 200 400 Kilometers C SPANISH TERRITORY o O N N n T I R E D I t i P i o X n E E e n S W t ' N ew O rleans a E l G K P A C IF IC D r I a P S 75••W i n v d e O CEAN i d e G u lf o f M e x ic o 2 5 ••N HRW Middle School American History GEOGRAPHY NewLouisiana Orleans was Purchase founded SKILLS INTERPRETING90••W MAPS 80••W by theah06se_c07leg022a French in 1718. Over 95••W 85••W time, it2nd became proof: home 11/3/04 to 1. Location What major port city was located at the manyApproved: languages and 11/11/04 cultures. southern tip of the Louisiana Territory? 2. Human-Environment Interaction Why might Lewis and Clark have followed the Missouri River? HRW Am erican History Spain controlled both New Orleans and Louisiana ah06se_c07m ap022a Louisiana. This region stretched west from Lousiana Purchase In 1802, just before handing over Louisi- the mighty Mississippi River to the great 2nd proof - 11/05/04 ana to France, Spain closed New Orleans to A pproved: 11/11/04 Rocky Mountains. Although Spain owned American shipping. Angry farmers worried Louisiana, Spanish officials found it impos- about what this would do to the economy. sible to keep Americans out of the territory. President Jefferson asked the U.S. ambassa- “You can’t put doors on open country,” the dor to France, Robert R. Livingston, to try to foreign minister said in despair. buy New Orleans. Jefferson sent James Mon- Years of effort failed to improve Spain’s roe to help Livingston. position. Under a secret treaty, Spain agreed to trade Louisiana to France, passing the prob- Napoléon and Louisiana lem on to someone else. One Spanish officer France was led by Napoléon (nuh-POH-lee-uhn) expressed his relief. “I can hardly wait to leave Bonaparte, a powerful ruler who had con- them [the Americans] behind me,” he said. quered most of Europe. He wished to rebuild READING CHECK Analyzing Information France’s empire in North America. Why was New Orleans important to settlers in the Napoléon’s strategy was to use the French western regions of the United States? colony of Haiti, in the Caribbean, as a supply THE JEFFERSON ERA 273 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A base. From there he could send troops to Loui- Livingston and Monroe knew a bargain siana. However, enslaved Africans had revolted when they saw one. They quickly accepted the and freed themselves from French rule. French offer to sell Louisiana for $15 million. Napoléon sent troops to try to regain control The news pleased Jefferson. But as a strict of the island, but they were defeated in 1802. constructionist, he was troubled. The Consti- This defeat ended his hopes of rebuilding a tution did not mention the purchase of for- North American empire. eign lands, and he did not want to expand the power of the federal government. He also Jefferson Buys Louisiana did not like spending large amounts of public The American ambassador got a surpris- money. Nevertheless, Jefferson agreed to the ing offer during his negotiations with purchase in the belief that doing so was best French foreign minister Charles Talley- for the country. rand. When the Americans tried to buy On October 20, 1803, the Senate approved New Orleans, Talleyrand offered to sell all the Louisiana Purchase agreement, which of Louisiana. roughly doubled the size of the United States. With his hopes for a North American With the $15 million in the French treasury, empire dashed, Napoléon had turned his Napoléon boasted, “I have given England a rival attention back to Europe. France was at war who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.” with Great Britain, and Napoléon needed money for military supplies. He also hoped READING CHECK Making Inferences that a larger United States would challenge Why was the Louisiana Purchase important to British power. the future of the United States? The Journey West The time line and photographs you see here show some of the key events and places of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Read the journal entries to get an idea of what the explorers faced. VIDEO Winter with A large keelboat and two the Mandan smaller boats were needed to Small boats helped the get the supply-heavy expedi- travelers move supplies tion moving west.
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