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Philosophy of Religion: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION OXFORD BIBLIOGRAPHIES ONLINE RESEARCH GUIDE Jonathan L. Kvanvig Baylor University © 2011 by Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN: 9780199809042 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction General Overviews Textbooks Anthologies Philosophical Theology Religious Epistemology Problem of Evil Reference Works Journals/Serials Problem of Evil Books Articles The Epistemology of Religion Classical Proofs for the Existence of God Ontological Arguments Cosmological Arguments Teleological Arguments Moral Arguments Miracles The Nature of God: General Works Nature of God Omniscience and the Freedom/Foreknowledge Problem Omnipotence Simplicity and Eternity Goodness Religious Language Oxford Bibliographies Online OXFORD BIBLIOGRAPHIES ONLINE RESEARCH GUIDE From OXFORD BIBLIOGRAPHIES ONLINE | Philosophy Authority and Innovation for Scholarly Research Written by a leading international authority and bearing the Oxford University Press stamp of excellence, this article is a denitive guide to the most important resources on the topic. The article combines annotated citations, expert recommendations, and narrative pathways through the most important scholarly sources in both print and online formats. All materials recommended in this article were reviewed by the author, and the article has been organized in tiers ranging from general to highly specialized, saving valuable time by allowing researchers to easily narrow or broaden their focus among only the most trusted scholarly sources. This is just one of many articles within the subject area of Atlantic History, which is itself just one of the many subjects covered by Oxford Bibliographies Online—a revolutionary resource designed to cut through academic information overload by guiding researchers to exactly the right book chapter, journal article, website, archive, or data set they need. WHY OBO? For faculty and researchers: Jumpstarts the research process by directing you to the best print and online sources available Oers high-level overviews of scholarship to get you quickly up to speed on topics outside your area of expertise OpenURL and full-text DOI’s oer seamless linking to your library’s catalog, OCLC WorldCat, and Google Books* Provides a useful tool for preparing syllabi, writing and research assignments For undergraduate and graduate students: Provides undergraduates with an indispensable introduction to the literature on major and minor topics within their eld Promotes critical thinking about sources and gives students the means to negotiate and identify quality scholarship Helps graduate students prepare for qualifying exams, providing guidance on key works of scholarship For Librarians: Designed in consultation with active researchers, Oxford Bibliographies Online oers an essential resource for managing academic information overload Expert recommendations on the best works available— from books and journal articles to archives, websites, and data sets—makes this the ultimate collection development tool Increases usage of the online journals and databases your institution subscribes to by seamlessly directing researchers to those sources* Supports print discoverability by allowing patrons to link directly to the online catalog through OpenURL and full- text DOI’s* * Functionality available through the oxfordbibligoraphiesonline.com platform only To learn more, visit www.oxfordbibliographiesonline.com or send this form to your librarian to benet from an institution-wide FREE trial. 1 INTRODUCTION The philosophy of religion became a recognizable subdiscipline in philosophy in the mid- to late 20th century, together with other notable subdisciplines such as the philosophy of science and the philosophy of language. Work in the philosophy of religion has always been present in the history of philosophy, but prior to the 20th century, it tended to be embedded in larger philosophical projects. By the mid-20th century, however, the process of specialization in philosophy led to an identiable subeld with identiable specialists in the area. This subeld can be roughly characterized in terms of its epistemological and metaphysical aspects. On the epistemological side are the various attempts to demonstrate or prove God’s existence (e.g., the classic ontological, cosmological, and teleological arguments) or nonexistence (e.g., the problem of evil) and the discussions of what is required for an adequate demonstration or proof, and there are further discussions of whether a proof or demonstration is needed in order for belief in God to be rational or justied. Included in the latter area is the large question of the degree to which one’s intellectual life ought to be guided by purely truth-related concerns or whether pragmatic concerns are legitimate factors in determining not only how to act but also what to think. On the metaphysical side are controversies about a proper conception of the nature of God, both about specic characteristics of God such as omnipotence, omniscience, simplicity, eternity, and moral perfection, and also about what general approach to the issue of the nature of God is appropriate (e.g., whether a process conception is preferable to a perfect being conception). There is also the question of God’s relationship to the world, both in terms of creation and providential control, and the related issue of whether miracles are possible and whether it is ever reasonable to believe that one has occurred. Finally, there is the further question of the signicance of religious language itself, whether sense can be made of talking about a being and realms of reality that are dicult to account for in terms of empirical acquaintance and, if so, exactly what precise account can be given of the content of such language. GENERAL OVERVIEWS General overviews of the subject are available in the various high-quality encyclopedias of philosophy that have been published since the late 1990s. These include the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, containing Clark 2009, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, containing Forrest 2009 and Taliaferro 2007, and the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, containing Stump 1998. ‣Clark, Kelly. “Religious Epistemology URL: (http://www.iep.utm.edu/r/relig-ep.htm).” In Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden. 2009. A lucid summary of the evidentialist objection to religious belief and the primary responses on behalf of religious belief: natural theology and the attempt to demonstrate the truth of various religious beliefs, the deistic response that views the demand for justication as ill-formed, and reformed epistemology defending the idea that belief in God can be rational apart from argument or evidence. ‣Forrest, Peter. “The Epistemology of Religion URL: (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/religion- epistemology/).” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. 2009. Devoted to the epistemological issues, especially the debate between evidentialists, who maintain that one cannot rationally believe in the absence of good evidence or arguments for what one believes, and alternative positions such as Wittgensteinian deism, according to which criticisms from outside a language game misunderstand the logic, grammar, or justication, and reformed epistemology, according to which certain beliefs can be properly held in the absence of argument or evidence. ‣Stump, Eleonore. “Religion, Philosophy of.” In the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward Craig. London: Routledge, 1998. A general introduction to the variety of issues and topics involved in the philosophy of religion, by one of the major philosophers in the philosophy of religion since 1960. Available online by subscription. ‣Taliaferro, Charles. “Philosophy of Religion URL: (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philosophy- religion/).” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. 2007. An introduction to the philosophy of religion containing unusually extensive discussion of the history of the subdiscipline as well as an extensive and useful bibliography. TEXTBOOKS The number and variety of textbooks in the philosophy of religion are enormous, and listed here are some popular and competent examples. There are two types of textbooks covering the philosophy of religion: one type being an anthology of historical or contemporary primary source material on a set of topics chosen by the editor or editors and the other type being written by the author or authors of the textbook on the set of topics deemed most important. In the second category one can include Davies 2000, Peterson, et al. 2008, and Rowe 2006. Peterson, et al. 2006 and Stump and Murray 1999 fall in the rst category. The dierences between textbooks emerge primarily through the choice of topics deemed important, ranging from a more basic set of topics, such as may be found in Davies 2004, to more expanded foci including non-Western religions and the problems of religious diversity as well as the relevance of gender and ethnicity on the issues within the philosophy of religion. ‣Davies, Brian, ed. Philosophy of Religion: A Guide and Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. A collection of readings in the philosophy of religion, divided in a way that mirrors quite closely the chapter divisions in Davies 2004. The anthology also contains useful introductions and advice on further reading by the editor. ‣Davies, Brian. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion. 3d ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. A standard introductory
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