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Introduction to Ethics
p.1 Introduction to Ethics Place: TBD Time: TBD Instructor: Eric de Araujo Office: TBD Email: [email protected] Office Hours: TBD Texts & Materials An Introduction to Moral Philosophy (2018) by Jonathan Wolff. Readings in Moral Philosophy (2018) by Jonathan Wolff. Readings will come from the above text and anthology. Additional readings might be posted on Carmen. Bring either your textbook or appropriate readings to class. Course Description In this introduction to ethics will think about ethical issues like philosophers. First, we will learn how to reason morally and consider challenges to moral theorizing. Ten we will examine some major ethical theories along with some objections to them.Syllabus Once we understand these, we will discuss some ethical debates on particular topics. Course Goals & Objectives A. You will be able to articulate and evaluate major ethical theoriesAraujo by: Articulating main positions within ethical debates, identifying differences between ethical theories, presenting objections to ethical theories, applying ethical theories to cases, and communicating philosophical views to others. B. You will be able to comprehend and critique others' views by: Identifying the main conclusion ofde others' arguments, identifying the support given for a conclusion, evaluating the arguments of others, representing the logical structure of arguments, and determining what evidence is relevant to a conclusion. CourseC. You will be able to contribute to ethical debates by: Articulating main positions within ethical debates, applying ethical theories to cases, constructing an original argument, identifying the main conclusion of others' arguments,Eric identifying the support given for a conclusion, evaluating the arguments of p.2 others, distinguishing moral and non-moral questions, communicating philosophical views to others, and anticipating and defending views from objections. -
Law and the Metaethics of Discord
Katja Maria Vogt, katjavogt.com, Columbia University 1 Law and the Metaethics of Discord, NYU Colloquium in Legal, Political, and Social Philosophy, Draft 08-2020 For: Special issue on the Normativity of Law, Ancient Philosophy Today: Dialogoi Law and the Metaethics of Discord Plato’s Euthyphro, I argue, lays out a metaethics that responds to persistent and unresolved value disagreement, and that is a genuine contender for us today. With this proposal, I reject centuries of scholarship, not to speak of countless anthologies and syllabi in ethics and the philosophy of law.1 The Euthyphro begins with three cases of unresolved value disagreement. These cases are to be adjudicated by the law, which turns out to be difficult. Today if an author starts with three examples, we expect that the subsequent text is going to address them. This, I submit, is the structure of the Euthyphro. Against my reading, discussions of the Euthyphro tend to focus almost exclusively on a brief section in which Plato discusses what is now known as the Euthyphro Problem. Socrates asks whether the gods love the pious because it is pious, or whether the pious is pious because it is loved by the gods. In the idiom of contemporary metaethics, the puzzle may seem to be this: is value attitude-independent or is value conferred by attitudes?2 Alternatively, in the idiom of traditional Divine Command Theory, do the gods —or, does God, since Divine Command Theory tends to be monotheistic—recognize value, or is value conferred by divine approval?3 1 Much of the literature on the Euthyphro focuses on two out of fifteen pages of the dialogue, where the so- called Euthyphro Problem is discussed. -
John P. Burgess Department of Philosophy Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544-1006, USA [email protected]
John P. Burgess Department of Philosophy Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544-1006, USA [email protected] LOGIC & PHILOSOPHICAL METHODOLOGY Introduction For present purposes “logic” will be understood to mean the subject whose development is described in Kneale & Kneale [1961] and of which a concise history is given in Scholz [1961]. As the terminological discussion at the beginning of the latter reference makes clear, this subject has at different times been known by different names, “analytics” and “organon” and “dialectic”, while inversely the name “logic” has at different times been applied much more broadly and loosely than it will be here. At certain times and in certain places — perhaps especially in Germany from the days of Kant through the days of Hegel — the label has come to be used so very broadly and loosely as to threaten to take in nearly the whole of metaphysics and epistemology. Logic in our sense has often been distinguished from “logic” in other, sometimes unmanageably broad and loose, senses by adding the adjectives “formal” or “deductive”. The scope of the art and science of logic, once one gets beyond elementary logic of the kind covered in introductory textbooks, is indicated by two other standard references, the Handbooks of mathematical and philosophical logic, Barwise [1977] and Gabbay & Guenthner [1983-89], though the latter includes also parts that are identified as applications of logic rather than logic proper. The term “philosophical logic” as currently used, for instance, in the Journal of Philosophical Logic, is a near-synonym for “nonclassical logic”. There is an older use of the term as a near-synonym for “philosophy of language”. -
Logical Reasoning
updated: 11/29/11 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii Preface Copyright © 2011 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlier version of the book was published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at [email protected]. iii Praise Comments on the 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company: "There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. -
Unity of Mind, Temporal Awareness, and Personal Identity
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE THE LEGACY OF HUMEANISM: UNITY OF MIND, TEMPORAL AWARENESS, AND PERSONAL IDENTITY DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Philosophy by Daniel R. Siakel Dissertation Committee: Professor David Woodruff Smith, Chair Professor Sven Bernecker Associate Professor Marcello Oreste Fiocco Associate Professor Clinton Tolley 2016 © 2016 Daniel R. Siakel DEDICATION To My mother, Anna My father, Jim Life’s original, enduring constellation. And My “doctor father,” David Who sees. “We think that we can prove ourselves to ourselves. The truth is that we cannot say that we are one entity, one existence. Our individuality is really a heap or pile of experiences. We are made out of experiences of achievement, disappointment, hope, fear, and millions and billions and trillions of other things. All these little fragments put together are what we call our self and our life. Our pride of self-existence or sense of being is by no means one entity. It is a heap, a pile of stuff. It has some similarities to a pile of garbage.” “It’s not that everything is one. Everything is zero.” Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche “Galaxies of Stars, Grains of Sand” “Rhinoceros and Parrot” ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v CURRICULUM VITAE vi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER I: Hume’s Appendix Problem and Associative Connections in the Treatise and Enquiry §1. General Introduction to Hume’s Science of Human Nature 6 §2. Introducing Hume’s Appendix Problem 8 §3. Contextualizing Hume’s Appendix Problem 15 §4. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO the Monochroidal Artist Or
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO The Monochroidal Artist or Noctuidae, Nematodes and Glaucomic Vision [Reading the Color of Concrete Comedy in Alphonse Allais’ Album Primo-Avrilesque (1897) through Philosopher Catherine Malabou’s The New Wounded (2012)] A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History, Theory and Criticism by Emily Verla Bovino Committee in charge: Professor Jack Greenstein, Chair Professor Norman Bryson Professor Sheldon Nodelman Professor Ricardo Dominguez Professor Rae Armantrout 2013 Copyright Emily Verla Bovino, 2013 All rights reserved. The Thesis of Emily Verla Bovino is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2013 iii EPIGRAPH PRÉFACE C’était en 18… (Ça ne nous rajeunit pas, tout cela.) Par un mien oncle, en récompense d’un troisième accessit d’instruction religieuse brillamment enlevé sur de redoutables concurrents, j’eus l’occasion de voir, avant qu’il ne partît pour l’Amérique, enlevé à coups de dollars, le célèbre tableau à la manière noire, intitulé: COMBAT DE NÈGRES DANS UNE CAVE, PENDANT LA NUIT (1) (1) On trouvera plus loin la reproduction de cette admirable toile. Nous la publions avec la permission spéciale des héritiers de l’auteur. L’impression que je ressentis à la vue de ce passionnant chef-d’oeuvre ne saurait relever d’aucune description. Ma destinée m’apparut brusquement en lettres de flammes. --Et mois aussi je serai peintre ! m’écriai-je en français (j’ignorais alors la langue italienne, en laquelle d’ailleurs je n’ai, depuis, fait aucun progrès).(1) Et quand je disais peintre, je m’entendais : je ne voulais pas parler des peintres à la façon dont on les entend les plus généralement, de ridicules artisans qui ont besoin de mille couleurs différentes pour exprimer leurs pénibles conceptions. -
Philosophy of the Social Sciences Blackwell Philosophy Guides Series Editor: Steven M
The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences Blackwell Philosophy Guides Series Editor: Steven M. Cahn, City University of New York Graduate School Written by an international assembly of distinguished philosophers, the Blackwell Philosophy Guides create a groundbreaking student resource – a complete critical survey of the central themes and issues of philosophy today. Focusing and advancing key arguments throughout, each essay incorporates essential background material serving to clarify the history and logic of the relevant topic. Accordingly, these volumes will be a valuable resource for a broad range of students and readers, including professional philosophers. 1 The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology Edited by John Greco and Ernest Sosa 2 The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory Edited by Hugh LaFollette 3 The Blackwell Guide to the Modern Philosophers Edited by Steven M. Emmanuel 4 The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic Edited by Lou Goble 5 The Blackwell Guide to Social and Political Philosophy Edited by Robert L. Simon 6 The Blackwell Guide to Business Ethics Edited by Norman E. Bowie 7 The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Science Edited by Peter Machamer and Michael Silberstein 8 The Blackwell Guide to Metaphysics Edited by Richard M. Gale 9 The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Education Edited by Nigel Blake, Paul Smeyers, Richard Smith, and Paul Standish 10 The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind Edited by Stephen P. Stich and Ted A. Warfield 11 The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences Edited by Stephen P. Turner and Paul A. Roth 12 The Blackwell Guide to Continental Philosophy Edited by Robert C. -
'Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy' by Bernard
Paul Seabright reviews ‘Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy’ ... http://www.lrb.co.uk/v07/n15/paul-seabright/character Back to article page Character Paul Seabright Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy by Bernard Williams Collins and Fontana, 230 pp, £10.95, March 1985, ISBN 0 00 197171 9 Bernard Williams’s new book is the nearest thing to a systematic and comprehensive discussion of moral philosophy we can hope for from someone who thinks a yearning for systematic and comprehensive discussion is the main defect of moral philosophy today. The author identifies ethics as the subject constituted by certain kinds of attempt to answer Socrates’s question: how one should live. As the title suggests, much of the book consists of an attack on the claims of philosophy to provide ethical answers to the question. More precisely (since it never quite explains what is to count as philosophy), it attacks the claims of a certain rationalistic and foundationalist method in moral philosophy, a method broadly though not exclusively associated with Kant. In general, Professor Williams represents his target as an entire dominant trend in Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment philosophy (though occasional grumblings in the footnotes suggest an annoyance at more specific currents, such as evangelical vegetarianism). In his first three chapters he contrasts it with some elements in classical ethical thought, which he thinks closer to providing an attractive account, even though its attempt to ground ethics entirely in considerations about human nature is a failure. But though some of the classical debris is salvageable, Williams is in no doubt that philosophy can provide ethical guidance only by accident: he concludes his book by affirming a substantial ethical individualism, a belief in ‘the continuing possibility of a meaningful individual life, one that does not reject society .. -
Philosophy 240: Symbolic Logic Hamilton College Fall 2015 Russell Marcus
Philosophy 240: Symbolic Logic Hamilton College Fall 2015 Russell Marcus Course Bibliography Required text: Marcus, Russell. What Follows: A Logic and Philosophy Text. Manuscript in preparation. History and philosophy of logic texts and readers: Fisher, Jennifer. On the Philosophy of Logic, Wadsworth, 2008. An introductory text. See Fisher’s “Further Readings” section for more suggestions on just about all of the topics below. Gabbay, Dov, Dale Jacquette, Paul Thagard, and John Woods, eds. Philosophy of Logic. Elsevier, 2006. A wide range of advanced papers. Gabbay, Dov and John Woods. Handbook of the History of Logic. Elsevier, 2004-2009. Nine amazing volumes on the history of logic, from ancient to contemporary times. Haack, Susan. Philosophy of Logics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. Haack, Susan. Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic: Beyond the Formalism. University of Chicago, 1996. This volume combines Haack’s earlier book on deviant logic with some newer papers. Hughes, R.I.G. A Philosophical Companion to First-Order Logic. Hackett, 1992. A selection of very good, advanced papers. Jacquette, Dale. A Companion to Philosophical Logic. Blackwell, 2002. New papers in the philosophy of logic. Jacquette, Dale. Philosophy of Logic: An Anthology. Blackwell, 2002. Includes many of the most important papers in the philosophy of logic over the last 100 years. Quine, W.V. Philosophy of Logic, 2nd edition. Harvard University Press, 1986 Read, Stephen. Thinking about Logic. Oxford, 1995. A wide-ranging text on the philosophy of logic. Shapiro, Stewart, editor. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mathematics and Logic. Oxford, 2007. A survey of the contemporary scene, more focused on the philosophy of mathematics. -
Zeno's Paradoxes
http://www.iep.utm.edu/zeno-par/ Go DEC JUN JUL ⍰ ❎ 297 captures 10 f 11 Jun 2010 - 10 Jun 2020 2019 2020 2021 ▾ About this capture Zeno’s Paradoxes In the fifth century B.C.E., Zeno of Elea offered arguments that led to conclusions contradicting what we all know from our physical experience—that runners run, that arrows fly, and that there are many different things in the world. The arguments were paradoxes for the ancient Greek philosophers. Because many of the arguments turn crucially on the notion that space and time are infinitely divisible, Zeno was the first person to show that the concept of infinity is problematical. In the Achilles Paradox, Achilles races to catch a slower runner—for example, a tortoise that is crawling in a line away from him. The tortoise has a head start, so if Achilles hopes to overtake it, he must run at least as far as the place where the tortoise presently is, but by the time he arrives there, it will have crawled to a new place, so then Achilles must run at least to this new place, but the tortoise meanwhile will have crawled on, and so forth. Achilles will never catch the tortoise, says Zeno. Therefore, good reasoning shows that fast runners never can catch slow ones. So much the worse for the claim that any kind of motion really occurs, Zeno says in defense of his mentor Parmenides who had argued that motion is an illusion. Although practically no scholars today would agree with Zeno’s conclusion, we cannot escape the paradox by jumping up from our seat and chasing down a tortoise, nor by saying Zeno should have constructed a new argument in which Achilles takes better aim and runs to some other target place ahead of where the tortoise is. -
In Praise of Natural Philosophy a Revolution for Thought and Life Nicholas Maxwell to Be Published in Philosophia 40(4), 2012
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery In Praise of Natural Philosophy A Revolution for Thought and Life Nicholas Maxwell To be published in Philosophia 40(4), 2012 Abstract Modern science began as natural philosophy. In the time of Newton, what we call science and philosophy today – the disparate endeavours – formed one mutually interacting, integrated endeavour of natural philosophy: to improve our knowledge and understanding of the universe, and to improve our understanding of ourselves as a part of it. Profound, indeed unprecedented discoveries were made. But then natural philosophy died. It split into science on the one hand, and philosophy on the other. This happened during the 18th and 19th centuries, and the split is now built into our intellectual landscape. But the two fragments, science and philosophy, are defective shadows of the glorious unified endeavour of natural philosophy. Rigour, sheer intellectual good sense and decisive argument demand that we put the two together again, and rediscover the immense merits of the integrated enterprise of natural philosophy. This requires an intellectual revolution, with dramatic implications for how we understand our world, how we understand and do science, and how we understand and do philosophy. There are dramatic implications, too, for education, and for the entire academic endeavour, and its capacity to help us discover how to tackle more successfully our immense global problems. 1. Natural Philosophy and Its Death Modern science began as natural philosophy – or “experimental philosophy” as it was sometimes called. In the time of Isaac Newton, in the 17th century, science was not only called “natural philosophy”. -
In Praise of Natural Philosophy a Revolution for Thought and Life Nicholas Maxwell to Be Published in Philosophia 40(4), 2012
In Praise of Natural Philosophy A Revolution for Thought and Life Nicholas Maxwell To be published in Philosophia 40(4), 2012 Abstract Modern science began as natural philosophy. In the time of Newton, what we call science and philosophy today – the disparate endeavours – formed one mutually interacting, integrated endeavour of natural philosophy: to improve our knowledge and understanding of the universe, and to improve our understanding of ourselves as a part of it. Profound, indeed unprecedented discoveries were made. But then natural philosophy died. It split into science on the one hand, and philosophy on the other. This happened during the 18th and 19th centuries, and the split is now built into our intellectual landscape. But the two fragments, science and philosophy, are defective shadows of the glorious unified endeavour of natural philosophy. Rigour, sheer intellectual good sense and decisive argument demand that we put the two together again, and rediscover the immense merits of the integrated enterprise of natural philosophy. This requires an intellectual revolution, with dramatic implications for how we understand our world, how we understand and do science, and how we understand and do philosophy. There are dramatic implications, too, for education, and for the entire academic endeavour, and its capacity to help us discover how to tackle more successfully our immense global problems. 1. Natural Philosophy and Its Death Modern science began as natural philosophy – or “experimental philosophy” as it was sometimes called. In the time of Isaac Newton, in the 17th century, science was not only called “natural philosophy”. It was conceived of, and pursued, as a development of philosophy.