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Esquisse De Grammaire Du Dan De L'est (Dialecte De Gouèta)

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Esquisse De Grammaire Du Dan De L'est (Dialecte De Gouèta) Mandenkan, No. 64, 2021, pp. 3-80 Esquisse de grammaire du dan de l'Est (dialecte de Gouèta) Valentin Vydrin INALCO — LLACAN — St. Petersburg State University [email protected] Table des matières 1. Informations générales ............................................................................................ 5 2. Phonologie ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Phonologie segmentale ......................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Voyelles ............................................................................................................. 7 Orales ........................................................................................................................... 8 Nasales ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Consonnes .......................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Tons......................................................................................................................10 2.3. L’organisation rythmique : pieds..........................................................................11 3. Morphologie............................................................................................................13 3.1. Parties du discours................................................................................................13 3.1.1. Critères de subdivision en parties de discours...................................................13 3.1.2. L'inventaire des parties de discours...................................................................13 3.1.3. Conversion.........................................................................................................14 3.2. Noms.....................................................................................................................15 3.2.1. « Noms relationnels » et « noms libres »...........................................................15 3.2.2. Pluriel.................................................................................................................16 3.2.3. Dérivation des noms..........................................................................................17 3.2.4. Composition nominale.......................................................................................18 3.3. Noms locatifs........................................................................................................18 3.3.1. L'inventaire des cas............................................................................................19 3.3.2. La composition de la classe des noms locatifs..................................................20 3.3.3. Les noms locatifs relationnels et libres..............................................................21 3.3.4. Pluriel des noms locatifs....................................................................................21 3.4. Marques prédicatives pronominales (MPP).........................................................22 3 Valentin Vydrin 3.5. Pronoms personnels..............................................................................................26 3.6. Adjectifs................................................................................................................31 3.6.1. Les trois fonctions syntaxiques des adjectifs.....................................................31 3.6.2. Pluriel de l’adjectif............................................................................................32 3.6.3. L’intensité de qualité.........................................................................................33 3.6.4. Modifications de la base adjectivale..................................................................33 3.6.5. Focalisation........................................................................................................34 3.6.6. Dérivation des adjectifs à partir des autres parties de discours.........................34 3.7. Numéraux.............................................................................................................35 3.7.1. Numéraux cardinaux.........................................................................................35 3.7.2. Numéraux ordinaux...........................................................................................37 3.7.3. Noms des fractions............................................................................................37 3.7.4. Valeur distributive.............................................................................................37 3.8. Verbes...................................................................................................................38 3.8.1. Transitif, intransitif, réfléchi..............................................................................38 3.8.2. « Modes impersonnels »....................................................................................39 3.8.3. Aspect, temps, modalité, polarité......................................................................40 3.8.4. Dérivation et composition verbale.....................................................................55 3.9. Adverbes...............................................................................................................59 3.9.1. La syntaxe des adverbes....................................................................................59 3.9.2. Les types morphologiques d’adverbes..............................................................59 3.9.3. Adverbes locatifs deïctiques..............................................................................60 3.9.4. Redoublement des adverbes..............................................................................62 3.10. Déterminants.......................................................................................................62 3.10.1. Déterminants à statut pragmatique..................................................................63 3.10.2. Déterminants quantificateurs et autres............................................................63 3.11. Postpositions.......................................................................................................64 3.12. Conjonctions.......................................................................................................65 3.13. Particules phrastiques.........................................................................................66 3.14. Interjections........................................................................................................66 3.15. Pronoms non-personnels.....................................................................................67 4. Éléments de syntaxe................................................................................................67 4.1. Types de construction nominales.........................................................................67 4.1.1. Construction génitivales sans connecteur..........................................................67 4.1.2. Construction génitivale à connecteur................................................................68 4.1.3. Construction attributive.....................................................................................68 4.1.4. Construction superlative....................................................................................68 4.1.5. Construction nominale coordinative..................................................................69 4.2. Types d’énoncés non-verbaux..............................................................................69 4.2.1. Énoncé d’identification......................................................................................69 4 Esquisse de grammaire du dan de l'Est 4.2.2. Énoncé présentatif.............................................................................................70 4.2.3. Énoncé locatif....................................................................................................70 4.2.4. Énoncé qualitatif................................................................................................70 4.3. Énoncé verbal.......................................................................................................70 Liste des gloses et des abréviations ………………………………………………... 71 Références...................................................................................................................72 Publications sur la langue dan.....................................................................................73 Annotations..................................................................................................................79 1. Informations générales La langue dan de l'Est est parlée dans les départements Biancouma, Sipilou et Man de la région Tonkpi, district des Montagnes, dans l’Ouest de la Côte-d’Ivoire.1 Le dia- lecte gouèta (dân gwɛɛ̋ tàȁ ) dans la sous-préfecture de Santa a été choisi comme base de la langue littéraire dan (yacouba) pour la zone nord-est, tandis que le dialecte de l'ancien canton de Blo a été sélectionné pour la norme linguistique de la zone sud-ouest. La zone d'habitation relativement homogène des Dan s’étale au-delà la frontière libé- rienne, où les Dan sont connus sous le nom de Gio; leurs dialectes sont assez proches du dan du sud-ouest de la Côte-d’Ivoire. Il existe aussi une enclave dan dans
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