Download: Brill.Com/ Brill-Typeface

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download: Brill.Com/ Brill-Typeface A Bibliography of Sign Languages, 2008-2017 PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF LINGUISTS A Bibliography of Sign Languages, 2008-2017 Published by the Permanent International Committee of Linguists under the auspices of the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies Edited by Anne Aarssen, René Genis & Eline van der Veken with an introduction by Myriam Vermeerbergen and Anna-Lena Nilsson LEIDEN | BOSTON 2018 The production of this book has been generously sponsored by the Stichting Bibliographie Linguistique, Leiden. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC-ND License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: A group of young people using sign language in a discussion. Photo courtesy of Andries van Niekerk, National Institute for the Deaf, South Africa, http://www.nid.org.za. Andries van Niekerk is currently working on a Dictionary of South African Sign Language. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/ brill-typeface. isbn 978-90-04-37661-8 (paperback) isbn 978-90-04-37663-2 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. CONTENTS* Introduction ............................................................. ix Structure of references .................................................. xxxii Periodicals ............................................................... xxxiv Abbreviations ............................................................ xxxvii Become a contributor to the Linguistic Bibliography ................. xxxviii General works 3. Conferences, workshops, meetings ....................... 1 4. Festschriften and miscellanies............................. 5 4.1. Festschriften ............................................... 5 4.2. Miscellanies ................................................ 6 General linguistics and related disciplines 0.1. General ..................................................... 7 0.2. History of linguistics, biographical data, organizations... 7 0.2.1. Western traditions ......................................... 7 0.2.1.5. Eighteenth century......................................... 7 0.2.1.6. Nineteenth century ........................................ 7 0.2.1.7. Twentieth century ......................................... 8 0.2.1.8. Twenty-first century ....................................... 8 0.2.4. Organizations .............................................. 8 0.3. Linguistic theory and methodology ....................... 9 0.5. Semiotics ................................................... 10 0.5.1. Non-verbal communication ............................... 10 0.5.2. Animal communication ................................... 11 * Please note that this collection is a thematic extract from the Linguistic Bibliography annual volumes, and that certain sections falling outside of its scope were omitted. CONTENTS 1. Phonetics and phonology ................................... 11 1.2. Phonology ................................................... 11 2. Grammar, morphosyntax .................................... 11 2.1. Morphology and word-formation ........................... 12 2.1.2. Derivational morphology .................................... 12 2.2. Syntax ........................................................ 12 4. Semantics and pragmatics ................................... 13 4.1. Semantics .................................................... 13 4.2. Pragmatics, discourse analysis and text grammar........... 14 9. Psycholinguistics, language acquisition and neurolinguistics .............................................. 14 9.1. Origin of language ........................................... 14 9.2. Psycholinguistics............................................. 15 9.2.1. Language production ........................................ 15 9.2.2. Language comprehension ................................... 16 9.2.3. Memory ...................................................... 16 9.3. Language acquisition ........................................ 17 9.3.1. First language acquisition, child language .................. 17 9.3.1.1. First language acquisition by pre-school children .......... 17 9.3.1.2. First language acquisition by school children............... 18 9.3.1.3. Plurilingual language acquisition ........................... 18 9.3.2. Second language acquisition ................................ 18 9.4. Neurolinguistics and language disorders.................... 19 9.4.1. Neurolinguistics ............................................. 19 9.4.2. Language disorders .......................................... 20 9.4.2.3. Language disorders other than developmental and aphasia 20 10. Sociolinguistics and dialectology ............................ 20 10.1. Sociolinguistics............................................... 20 10.1.2. Language policy and language planning .................... 20 10.1.4. Language loss and maintenance............................. 20 10.2. Multilingualism, language contact .......................... 21 10.2.1. Multilingualism .............................................. 21 10.3. Linguistic geography ......................................... 21 11. Comparative linguistics ..................................... 21 11.1. Historical linguistics and language change ................. 21 11.2. Linguistic typology, universals of language ................. 21 12. Mathematical and computational linguistics ............... 22 12.2. Statistical and quantitative linguistics....................... 22 12.2.1. Corpus linguistics ............................................ 22 vi CONTENTS Indo-European languages 3. Indo-Iranian ................................................. 23 3.1. Indo-Aryan (Indic) ........................................... 23 11. Romance ..................................................... 23 11.2. Ibero-Romance............................................... 23 11.2.1. Spanish ....................................................... 23 11.2.1.2. Modern Spanish ............................................. 23 14. Germanic..................................................... 24 14.3. West Germanic............................................... 24 14.3.1. German....................................................... 24 14.3.1.1. High German................................................. 24 14.3.1.1.4. New High German ........................................... 24 14.3.2. Dutch......................................................... 24 14.3.5. English ....................................................... 24 14.3.5.4. Modern English .............................................. 24 15. Balto-Slavic................................................... 25 15.2. Slavic ......................................................... 25 15.2.3. West Slavic ................................................... 25 15.2.3.3. Polish ......................................................... 25 Eurasiatic languages 1. Uralic and Altaic ............................................. 26 1.2. Altaic ......................................................... 26 1.2.2. Turkic......................................................... 26 1.2.2.3. Southwest Turkic (Oghuz) ................................... 26 1.2.2.3.1. Turkish (Osmanli), Balkan dialects, Gagauz................. 26 Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia 1. Sino-Tibetan ................................................. 27 1.2. Sinitic (Chinese) ............................................. 27 1.2.2. Modern Chinese ............................................. 27 Sign languages 1. American Sign Language .................................... 48 2. Individual sign languages (except ASL) ..................... 63 vii CONTENTS Index of names............................................................. 115 Index of languages......................................................... 132 Index of subjects........................................................... 136 viii INTRODUCTION Myriam Vermeerbergen KU Leuven & Stellenbosch University Anna-Lena Nilsson NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology 1. Introducing signed languages Signed languages are the natural, visual-gestural languages of Deaf communi- ties around the world.1 Contrary to popular belief, there is not one universal, international signed language. Even different countries that all e.g. have English as their spoken language, may have different signed languages. In the United States, for example, American Sign Language is used,
Recommended publications
  • Technical Report, Vol
    CRL Technical Report, Vol. 19 No. 1, March 2007 CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN LANGUAGE March 2007 Vol. 19, No. 1 CRL Technical Reports, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0526 Tel: (858) 534-2536 • E-mail: [email protected] • WWW: http://crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/current/TechReports/articles.html TECHNICAL REPORT Arab Sign Languages: A Lexical Comparison Kinda Al-Fityani Department of Communication, University of California, San Diego EDITOR’S NOTE The CRL Technical Report replaces the feature article previously published with every issue of the CRL Newsletter. The Newsletter is now limited to announcements and news concerning the CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN LANGUAGE. CRL is a research center at the University of California, San Diego that unites the efforts of fields such as Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Psychology, Computer Science, Sociology, and Philosophy, all who share an interest in language. The Newsletter can be found at http://crl.ucsd.edu/newsletter/current/TechReports/articles.html. The Technical Reports are also produced and published by CRL and feature papers related to language and cognition (distributed via the World Wide Web). We welcome response from friends and colleagues at UCSD as well as other institutions. Please visit our web site at http://crl.ucsd.edu. SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION If you know of others who would be interested in receiving the Newsletter and the Technical Reports, you may add them to our email subscription list by sending an email to [email protected] with the line "subscribe newsletter <email-address>" in the body of the message (e.g., subscribe newsletter [email protected]).
    [Show full text]
  • Sign Language Typology Series
    SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • A Sketch of Dialectal Variation in Mano Maria Khachaturyan University Of
    Mandenkan, No. 59, 2018, pp. 31-56 A sketch of dialectal variation in Mano Maria Khachaturyan University of Helsinki [email protected] This paper1 gives a preliminary account of the dialectal situation of Mano, a South Mande language. My main descriptive focus is Guinean Mano, I have been doing fieldwork on the language since 2009 and I have spent more than 14 months in the field, mainly in the city of Nzerekore and in neighboring villages. A description of the Guinean variety can be found in Khachaturyan (2015). The information on Liberian dialects was obtained in January 2018 during a short trip to three Liberian villages, Gbanquoi, Kpein and Flumpa, as well as from written sources: two language manuals: (deZeeuw & Kruah 1981; Neal et al. 1946), a Bible translation (UBS 1978) and some literacy materials (Zarwolo 2009). The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 gives a sketch of the sociolinguistic situation. Section 2 provides some preliminary observations of the interdialectal differences in phonology. Section 3 gives some details on morphosyntactic variation. Section 4 presents differences in lexicon. The results are discussed in Section 5 where I explain, in particular, why some of the dialectal differences could be in fact an issue of contact with different languages: Kpelle, especially in the North of the Mano zone, and Dan in the South. 1 I would like to express my gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their helpful criticism. As usual, I am thankful to Pe Mamy for his tireless help and support in (our) language research, and also for his wonderful companionship in our travels (we will have to have more Club beers to share in Liberia!).
    [Show full text]
  • Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
    RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Bimodal Bilingual Language Skills of Young Deaf Children
    ANZCED/APCD Conference CHRISTCHURCH, NZ 7-10 July 2016 Assessing the bimodal bilingual language skills of young deaf children Elizabeth Levesque PhD What we’ll talk about today Bilingual First Language Acquisition Bimodal bilingualism Bimodal bilingual assessment Measuring parental input Assessment tools Bilingual First Language Acquisition Bilingual literature generally refers to children’s acquisition of two languages as simultaneous or sequential bilingualism (McLaughlin, 1978) Simultaneous: occurring when a child is exposed to both languages within the first three years of life (not be confused with simultaneous communication: speaking and signing at the same time) Sequential: occurs when the second language is acquired after the child’s first three years of life Routes to bilingualism for young children One parent-one language Mixed language use by each person One language used at home, the other at school Designated times, e.g. signing at bath and bed time Language mixing, blending (Lanza, 1992; Vihman & McLaughlin, 1982) Bimodal bilingualism Refers to the use of two language modalities: Vocal: speech Visual-gestural: sign, gesture, non-manual features (Emmorey, Borinstein, & Thompson, 2005) Equal proficiency in both languages across a range of contexts is uncommon Balanced bilingualism: attainment of reasonable competence in both languages to support effective communication with a range of interlocutors (Genesee & Nicoladis, 2006; Grosjean, 2008; Hakuta, 1990) Dispelling the myths….. Infants’ first signs are acquired earlier than first words No significant difference in the emergence of first signs and words - developmental milestones are met within similar timeframes (Johnston & Schembri, 2007) Slight sign language advantage at the one-word stage, perhaps due to features being more visible and contrastive than speech (Meier & Newport,1990) Another myth….
    [Show full text]
  • Alignment Mouth Demonstrations in Sign Languages Donna Jo Napoli
    Mouth corners in sign languages Alignment mouth demonstrations in sign languages Donna Jo Napoli, Swarthmore College, [email protected] Corresponding Author Ronice Quadros, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, [email protected] Christian Rathmann, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, [email protected] 1 Mouth corners in sign languages Alignment mouth demonstrations in sign languages Abstract: Non-manual articulations in sign languages range from being semantically impoverished to semantically rich, and from being independent of manual articulations to coordinated with them. But, while this range has been well noted, certain non-manuals remain understudied. Of particular interest to us are non-manual articulations coordinated with manual articulations, which, when considered in conjunction with those manual articulations, are semantically rich. In which ways can such different articulators coordinate and what is the linguistic effect or purpose of such coordination? Of the non-manual articulators, the mouth is articulatorily the most versatile. We therefore examined mouth articulations in a single narrative told in the sign languages of America, Brazil, and Germany. We observed optional articulations of the corners of the lips that align with manual articulations spatially and temporally in classifier constructions. The lips, thus, enhance the message by giving redundant information, which should be particularly useful in narratives for children. Examination of a single children’s narrative told in these same three sign languages plus six other sign languages yielded examples of one type of these optional alignment articulations, confirming our expectations. Our findings are coherent with linguistic findings regarding phonological enhancement and overspecification. Keywords: sign languages, non-manual articulation, mouth articulation, hand-mouth coordination 2 Mouth corners in sign languages Alignment mouth demonstration articulations in sign languages 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly Record Provided That Prior Permission Is Obtained and Proper Acknowledgement Is Made
    Trinitarian Bible Society Founded in 1831 for the circulation of Protestant or uncorrupted versions of the Word of God Officers of the Society General Committee: General Secretary/Chief Executive: Mr. D. P. Rowland Chairman: The Rev. M. H. Watts Operations Director: Mr. D. Larlham Vice-Chairman: Mr. G. D. Buss, B.Ed. Resources Director: Mr. D. J. Broome, C.P.F.A. Vice-Presidents: The Rev. B. G. Felce, M.A. Editorial Director: Mr. P. J. D. Hopkins, M.A. Oxf. The Rev. G. Hamstra, B.A., M.Div. Mr. D. Oldham Sales, Development and Grants Manager: Mr. A. P. Clarke Treasurer: Pastor R. A. Clarke, B.Sc., F.C.A. Senior Editorial Consultant: Mr. G. R. Burrows, M.A. Mr. L. Brigden, B.Sc.(Hons.), M.Sc., B.A.(Hons.) The Rev. R. G. Ferguson, B.A. Editorial Consultants: Pastor M. J. Harley Mr. G. W. Anderson, B.A. Mr. A. K. Jones, LLB. (Hons.) Solicitor Mr. A. Hembd, M.A.C.S. The Rev. E. T. Kirkland, B.A., Dipl.Th. J. Cammenga, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. The Rev. D. Silversides G. Fox, B.A. (Hons.), D.D., Ph.D. The Rev. J. P. Thackway The Rev. W. M. Patterson Jnr., B.A., D.D. Issue Number: 595 – April to June 2011 © Trinitarian Bible Society 2011 Issue Number: 597 All rights reserved. The Trinitarian Bible Society permits October to December 2011 reprinting of articles found in our printed and online Quarterly Record provided that prior permission is obtained and proper acknowledgement is made. Contents Sabbath School Learning Prize Fund 2 2011 Commemorative Meetings 3 From the Desk of the General Secretary 4 Tom Massey 9 A Wondrous Thanksgiving 10 Editorial Report 12 The Treasury 17 New Telephones 18 The Diamond Jubilee Bible Project 19 Liberia and the Dan Bible 21 The Word of God among all Nations 30 Quarterly Record Production Team Editorial Director: P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nthropology N Ew Sletter
    Special theme: Languages and Linguistics at an Ethnological Museum National Museum of Language is a window into the human mind and reflects human activities, Ethnology while linguistics is an academic field where languages are analyzed from a scientific view-point. As an ethnological museum, Minpaku has a strong focus Osaka on fieldwork, which is necessary for linguists and ethnologists to study languages and learn about human beings and their diversity. Essays in this Number 39 issue present glimpses of the thoughts of linguists at Minpaku who combine linguistic fieldwork and later analysis at their desks. What is unique to December 2014 researchers at Minpaku, however, is that we are also involved with exhibitions for the public and have everyday communication with Anthropology Newsletter anthropologists in other fields. Languages do not exist without humans and humans do not exist without language. We believe that linguistic research is a good starting point on the path to a better understanding of who we are. MINPAKU Yak and Pig, Glacier and Sea Noboru Yoshioka National Museum of Ethnology Why do many Japanese-language dictionaries contain the word yaku [jakɯ] ‘yak’? When I was in the field, this question all of a sudden struck me. To make sure that my facts were correct, I checked the desktop dictionaries that I was carrying — a pocket-size dictionary published in 1979, a student dictionary published in 1996, and one Contents published in 2008 — and confirmed that all of these actually contained Languages and Linguistics the word as I had thought. Living in at an Ethnological Museum Japan, it is hard to see real yaks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Signing Space for the Synthesis of Directional Verbs in NGT
    The signing space for the synthesis of directional verbs in NGT Shani E. Mende-Gillings Layout: typeset by the author using LATEX. Cover illustration: Unknown artist The signing space for the synthesis of directional verbs in NGT Shani E. Mende-Gillings 11319836 Bachelor thesis Credits: 18 EC Bachelor Kunstmatige Intelligentie University of Amsterdam Faculty of Science Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam Supervisor dr. F. Roelofsen Institute for Logic, Language and Computation Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam Science Park 107 1098 XG Amsterdam 26 June 2020 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Floris Roelofsen for his guidance during this project. I am also very grateful to John Glauert and Richard Kennaway for proving valuable insight into SiGML and the JASigning software. Special thanks go to Inge Zwitserlood, Onno Crasborn and Johan Ros for providing the database of encoded NGT signs, without which this project would not have been possible. Last, but not least, I would also like to thank Marijke Scheffener for providing evaluation material and valuable feedback on the program. Preface This paper describes an individual contribution to a larger project executed in close collaboration with [1] and [2]. The first parts of these three papers describe the overall project and were jointly written, making them largely identical. Section 1.2 describes the global research question, and sections 2 and 3 provide the- oretical context and set up a hypothesis. Section 5.1.1 shows the overall program created, including the components of the other projects, and section 5.2.1 evaluates the result. These previously mentioned chap- ters and sections have been written in joint collaboration with [1] and [2] An introduction to and motivation for the overall project are provided in section 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Sign Classification in Sign Language Corpora with Deep Neural Networks
    Sign Classification in Sign Language Corpora with Deep Neural Networks Lionel Pigou, Mieke Van Herreweghe, Joni Dambre Ghent University flionel.pigou, mieke.vanherreweghe, [email protected] Abstract Automatic and unconstrained sign language recognition (SLR) in image sequences remains a challenging problem. The variety of signers, backgrounds, sign executions and signer positions makes the development of SLR systems very challenging. Current methods try to alleviate this complexity by extracting engineered features to detect hand shapes, hand trajectories and facial expressions as an intermediate step for SLR. Our goal is to approach SLR based on feature learning rather than feature engineering. We tackle SLR using the recent advances in the domain of deep learning with deep neural networks. The problem is approached by classifying isolated signs from the Corpus VGT (Flemish Sign Language Corpus) and the Corpus NGT (Dutch Sign Language Corpus). Furthermore, we investigate cross-domain feature learning to boost the performance to cope with the fewer Corpus VGT annotations. Keywords: sign language recognition, deep learning, neural networks 1. Introduction In previous work (Pigou et al., 2015), we showed that deep neural networks are very successful for gesture recognition SLR systems have many different use cases: corpus anno- and gesture spotting in spatiotemporal data. Our developed tation, in hospitals, as a personal sign language learning system is able to recognize 20 different Italian gestures (i.e., assistant or translating daily conversations between signers emblems). We achieved a classification accuracy of 97.23% and non-signers to name a few. Unfortunately, unconstrained in the Chalearn 2014 Looking At People gesture spotting SLR remains a big challenge.
    [Show full text]
  • 3D Symbol Base Translation and Synthesis of Czech Sign Speech
    SPECOM'2006, St. Petersburg, 25-29 June 2006 3D Symbol Base Translation and Synthesis of Czech Sign Speech Zdenekˇ Krnoul,ˇ Jakub Kanis, Milosˇ Zeleznˇ y,´ Ludekˇ Muller¨ and Petr C´ısarˇ University of West Bohemia, Department of Cybernetics Univerzitn´ı 8, Plzen,ˇ 306 14, Czech Republic fzdkrnoul, jkanis, zelezny, muller, [email protected] Abstract synthesis of animation makes the parsing of symbols and also uses geometric model of human for the final rendering. Anima- This paper presents primary results of translation spoken tion technique enables the complete articulation of all fingers Czech to Signed Czech and a synthesis of signs by the com- and both arms. puter animation. The synthesis of animation employs a sym- bolic notation. An automatic process of synthesis generates the articulation of hands from this notation. The translation system 2. Related works of translation and is built on the statistical ground. For the notation of the new synthesis systems signs, the graphic editor is designed. In principle, there are two ways how to solve the synthesis of 1. Introduction sign language by the computer. The first of them can be called data driven synthesis and the second synthesis from the sym- The barrier in the communication between hearing and deaf bolic formulation. The principles of the translation system can people should make everyday complication. The problem is that be divided in similar way. We can either implement the trans- hearing people have bad familiarity of sign language and deaf lation of written word to sequences of signs by set of linguistic with the structure of spoken language.
    [Show full text]
  • Code-Blending with Depicting Signs
    Code-blending with Depicting Signs Code-blending with Depicting Signs Ronice Quadros1, Kathryn Davidson2, Diane Lillo-Martin3, and Karen Emmorey4 1Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/2Harvard University/3University of Connecticut/4San Diego State University Abstract Bimodal bilinguals sometimes use code-blending, simultaneous production of (parts of) an utterance in both speech and sign. We ask what spoken language material is blended with entity and handling depicting signs (DS), representations of action that combine discrete components with iconic depictions of aspects of a referenced event in a gradient, analog manner. We test a semantic approach that DS may involve a demonstration, involving a predicate which selects for an iconic demonstrational argument, and adopt a syntactic analysis which crucially distinguishes between entity and handling DS. Given this analysis and our model of bilingualism, we expect DS to be blended with restricted structures: either iconic vocal gestures/demonstrations or with spoken language predicates. Further we predict that handling, but not entity, DS may occur in blends with subjects. Data from three hearing native bimodal bilinguals from the United States and one from Brazil support these predictions. Keywords: bimodal bilingualism; code-blending; depicting signs; demonstration; semantics 1 Code-blending with Depicting Signs Code-blending with Depicting Signs 1. Introduction In this squib, we analyze production data from hearing bimodal bilinguals – adults whose native languages include a sign language and a spoken language. Bimodal bilinguals engage in a bilingual phenomenon akin to code-switching, but unique to the bimodal situation: code-blending (Emmorey, Giezen, & Gollan, 2016). In code-blending, aspects of a spoken and signed utterance are produced simultaneously; this is possible since the articulators of speech and sign are largely separate.
    [Show full text]