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Fulltext (8.954Mb) BIODIVERSITAS BAMBU DI SUMATERA UTARA BAGIAN TIMUR TESIS Oleh ANDINI SAPUTRI 117030014/BIO PROGRAM MAGISTER BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013 Universitas Sumatera Utara BIODIVERSITAS BAMBU DI SUMATERA UTARA BAGIAN TIMUR TESIS Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sain dalam Program Studi Biologi pada Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh ANDINI SAPUTRI 117030014/BIO PROGRAM MAGISTER BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013 Universitas Sumatera Utara PENGESAHAN TESIS Judul Tesis : BIODIVERSITAS BAMBU DI SUMATERA UTARA BAGIAN TIMUR Nama Mahasiswa : ANDINI SAPUTRI Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 117030014 Program Studi : Magister Biologi Fakultas : Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara Menyetujui Komisi Pembimbing Pembimbing I Pembimbing II (Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution, MSc.,Ph.D.) (Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti, MS.) NIP. 19590815 198601 1 002 NIP. 19621214 199103 2 001 Ketua Program Studi Dekan (Prof. Dr. Syafruddin Ilyas, M. Biomed.) (Dr. Sutarman, M.Sc.) NIP. 19660209 199003 1 003 NIP. 19631026 199103 1 001 Tanggal Lulus : 24 Juli 2013 Universitas Sumatera Utara Telah diuji pada : Tanggal 24 Juli 2013 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution, MSc., Ph.D. Anggota : 1. Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti, MS. 2. Dr. Nur Sahara Pasaribu, MSc. 3. Dr. T. Alif Aththorik, S.Si., M.Si. Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN ORISIONALITAS “BIODIVERSITAS BAMBU DI SUMATERA UTARA BAGIAN TIMUR” Dengan ini penulis menyatakan bahwa tesis ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister Sains pada Program Magister Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara adalah benar hasil karya penulis sendiri. Adapun pengutipan-pengutipan yang penulis lakukan pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari hasil karya orang lain pada tesis ini, telah penulis cantumkan sumbernya secara jelas sesuai dengan norma, kaidah dan etika penulisan ilmiyah. Apabila di kemudian hari ternyata ditemukan seluruh atau sebagian tesis ini bukan hasil karya penulis sendiri atau adanya plagiat dalam bagian-bagian tertentu, penulis bersedia menerima sanksi pencabutan gelar akademik yang penulis sandang dan sanksi-sanksi lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Medan, Juli 2013 Andini Saputri NIM. 117030014 Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Sebagai sivitas akademika Universitas Sumatera Utara, saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini: Nama : Andini Saputri NIM : 117030014 Program Studi : Magister Biologi Jenis Karya Ilmiah : Tesis Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada Universitas Sumatera Utara Hak Bebas Royalti Non-Eksklusif (Non-Exclusive Royalty Free Right) atas Tesis saya yang berjudul : “Biodiversitas Bambu di Sumatera Utara Bagian Timur” Beserta perangkat yang ada (jika diperlukan). Dengan Hak Bebas Royalty Non-Eksklusif ini, Universitas Sumatera Utara berhak menyimpan, mengalih media, memformat, mengelola dalam bentuk data-base, merawat dan mempublikasikan Tesis saya tanpa meminta izin dari saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis dan sebagai pemegang dan pemilik hak cipta. Demikian pernyataan ini dibuat dengan sebenarnya. Medan, Juli 2013 Andini Saputri NIM.117030014 BIODIVERSITAS BAMBU DI SUMATERA UTARA BAGIAN TIMUR Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Studi Biodiversitas Bambu di Sumatra Utara Bagian Timur telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2012 – Maret 2013. Penentuan lokasi penelitian dengan menggunakan metode purposiv sampling, pengamatan penelitian meliputi eksplorasi dan karakterisasi morfologi dengan menggunakan teknik eksplorasi. Hasil dari eksplorasi dan karakterisasi morfologi ditemuka n 15 jenis bambu yang tersebar pada 8 Kabupaten dan Kota di Sumatera Utara Bagian Timur yaitu Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa glaucescens, Bambusa glaucophylla, Bambusa multiplex, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, Gigantochloa atter, Gigantochloa achmadii, Gigantochloa pruriens, Gigantochloa robusta, Schizotachyum bracycladum, Schizotachyum zollingeri, Schizotachyum sp dan Thyrsostachys siamensis. Biodiversitas tertinggi adalah Kabupaten Deli Serang sebanyak 13 jenis dan biodiversitas terendah adalah Kabupaten Asahan dan Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Utara masing-masing sebanyak 4 jenis. Habitat bambu liar adalah hutan sekunder (4 jenis), lahan terbuka (11 jenis), pinggir sungai (11 jenis) dan lereng (3 jenis) sedangkan habitat bambu budidaya adalah pekarangan masyarakat (5 jenis) dan kebun masyarakat (5 jenis). Analisis kekerabatan berdasarkan ciri morfologi tersebut memperlihatkan jenis-jenis bambu terbagi kedalam 3 kelompok dengan kemirian morfologi berkisar antara 40 % - 80%. Kata Kunci : Biodiversitas Bambu, Sumatera Utara Bagian Timur. Universitas Sumatera Utara BIODIVERSITY BAMBOO IN THE EAST AREA OF NORTH SUMATRA ABSTRACT The biodiversity of bamboo in east area of North Sumatra has been studied from Novemver 2012 antill March 2013. The research area was determined purposively, observationally including exploration and morphological characterization using exploration techniques. The results of that study showed from 15 species of bamboos found in 8 districts and cities in east area of North Sumatra i.e. Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa glaucescens, Bambusa glaucophylla, Bambusa multiplex, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, Gigantochloa atter, Gigantochloa achmadii, Gigantochloa pruriens, Gigantochloa robusta, Schizotachyum bracycladum, Schizotachyum zollingeri, Schizotachyum sp and Thyrsostachys siamensis. The highest biodiversity of bamboos are in Deli Serdang districts (13 spesies) and the lowerst are in Asahan and Labuhan Batu districts (4 spesies). The wild bamboo forest habitat are secondary (4 spesies), open land (11 species), a river (11 species) and slope (3 spesies), however cultivating bamboo habitat ther are 5 spesies in the yard (5 species) and community gardens (5 spesies). The kinship analysis based on morphological characteristics they show the kinds of bamboo are divided into 3 groups with similarity of morphology ranged from 40% to 80%. Keywords : Biodiversity of Bamboo and East area of North Sumatera. Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya. Shalawat dan salam kepada junjungan Nabi Muhammad SAW sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Penelitian dengan judul Biodiversitas Bambu di Sumatera Utara Bagian Timur. Penelitian ini diajukan dalam rangka memenuhi Kurikulum Program Magister Biologi pada Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara. Untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini banyak pihak yang telah membantu saya hingga penelitian ini dapat diselesaikan. Pada kesempatan ini saya mengucapkan terimakasih yang tulus kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. dr. Syahril Pasaribu, DTM&H, M.Sc (CTM), Sp.A(K), selaku Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Bapak Dr. Sutarman, M.Sc., selaku Dekan Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Bapak Prof. Dr. Syafruddin Ilyas, M. Biomed., selaku Ketua Program Studi Magister Biologi, serta Dr. Sucu Rahayu, MSi., selaku Sekretaris S2 & S3 Program Studi Magister Biologi 4. Bapak Prof. Ir. Zulkifli Nasution, MSc., Ph.D dan Ibu Prof. Dr. Retno Widhiastuti, MS. selaku dosen Pembimbing I dan Pembimbing II, yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, arahan dan waktunya kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. 5. Ibu Dr. Nursahara Pasaribu, MSc. dan Bapak Dr. T. Alief Aththorik, S.Si., M.Si. selaku dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan saran dan masukannya untuk kesempurnaan tesis ini. 6. Beasiswa Unggulan DIKNAS, terimakasih atas beasiswa yang telah diberikan, sehingga penulis dapat melaksanakan perkuliahan dan penelitian ini dengan baik. 7. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen di Program Studi Biologi Magister SPs USU, Terimakasih untuk ilmu yang diberikan. 8. Papa dan Mama tercinta Edi Saputra dan Lilis Suryani, atas segala doa, dukungan, perhatian serta kasih sayang yang tidak terhingga yang telah diberikan kepada penulis sampai dengan saat ini. 9. Adik-adik tersayang, Adinda Pelangi Saputri dan Dimas Wahyu Cahyo Saputra, atas perhatian, kasih sayang, perhatian serta dukungan kepada penulis dalam suka maupun duka sampai dengan saat ini, serta kepada Hijar Windro S., atas perhatian dan dukungan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. 10. Bapak Drs. Chairuddin , MSc dan Bapak Dr. Delvian, MSc., selaku sekretaris S2 & S3 PSL SPs USU dan Maya Afriani, SH., MH., atas dukungan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. 11. Teman-teman seperjuangan di Biologi 2011 Yanthi, Bang Mahya, Zulfan, Dwi, Ria, Aini, Rivo, Pak Son, Toberni, Ummi, Helen, Hariadi, Bu Fatma, Bang Budi, Bu Teti, Kak Masrayanti, Bu Evi, Bu Ratna, Zen, Nikmah, Kabul, Siti atas dukungan dan semangat selama perkuliahan. Universitas Sumatera Utara 12. Adik-adik di Laboraturium Taksonomi Tumbuhan Putri, Jhon yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan spesimen tumbuhan. 13. Serta semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. 14. Melalui kesempatan ini, saya sampaikan semoga Allah SWT selalu memberikan pahala, nikmat dan limpahan rahmat yang tiada tara. Penulis menyadari tesis ini masih banyak memiliki kekurangan dan jauh dari sempurna. Namun harapan penulis semoga tesis ini bermanfaat kepada seluruh
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