Assessing the Interaction Between History of Usage and Plant Invasions
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Plant Press
Special Symposium Issue continues on page 14 Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 20 - No. 3 July-September 2017 Botany Profile Plant Expeditions: History Has Its Eyes On You By Gary A. Krupnick he 15th Smithsonian Botani- as specimens (living or dried) in centuries field explorers to continue what they are cal Symposium was held at the past. doing. National Museum of Natural The symposium began with Laurence T he morning session began with a History (NMNH) and the U.S. Botanic Dorr (Chair of Botany, NMNH) giv- th Garden (USBG) on May 19, 2017. The ing opening remarks. Since the lectures series of talks focusing on the 18 symposium, titled “Exploring the Natural were taking place in Baird Auditorium, Tcentury explorations of Canada World: Plants, People and Places,” Dorr took the opportunity to talk about and the United States. Jacques Cayouette focused on the history of plant expedi- the theater’s namesake, Spencer Baird. A (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) tions. Over 200 participants gathered to naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, and presented the first talk, “Moravian Mis- hear stories dedicated col- sionaries as Pioneers of Botanical Explo- and learn about lector, Baird was ration in Labrador (1765-1954).” He what moti- the first curator explained that missionaries of the Mora- vated botanical to be named vian Church, one of the oldest Protestant explorers of at the Smith- denominations, established missions the Western sonian Institu- along coastal Labrador in Canada in the Hemisphere in the 18th, 19th, and 20th tion and eventually served as Secretary late 1700s. -
Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Christopher Dean Tyrrell Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Christopher Dean Tyrrell Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Tyrrell, Christopher Dean, "Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15419. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15419 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) by Christopher Dean Tyrrell A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Lynn G. Clark, Major Professor Dennis V. Lavrov Robert S. Wallace Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Christopher Dean Tyrrell, 2008. All rights reserved. 1457571 1457571 2008 ii In memory of Thomas D. Tyrrell Festum Asinorum iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Background and Significance 1 Research Objectives 5 Thesis Organization 6 Literature Cited 6 CHAPTER 2. PHYLOGENY OF THE BAMBOO SUBTRIBE 9 ARTHROSTYLIDIINAE WITH EMPHASIS ON RHIPIDOCLADUM Abstract 9 Introduction 10 Methods and Materials 13 Results 19 Discussion 25 Taxonomic Treatment 26 Literature Cited 31 CHAPTER 3. -
CATALOGUE of the GRASSES of CUBA by A. S. Hitchcock
CATALOGUE OF THE GRASSES OF CUBA By A. S. Hitchcock. INTRODUCTION. The following list of Cuban grasses is based primarily upon the collections at the Estaci6n Central Agron6mica de Cuba, situated at Santiago de las Vegas, a suburb of Habana. The herbarium includes the collections made by the members of the staff, particularly Mr. C. F. Baker, formerly head of the department of botany, and also the Sauvalle Herbarium deposited by the Habana Academy of Sciences, These specimens were examined by the writer during a short stay upon the island in the spring of 1906, and were later kindly loaned by the station authorities for a more critical study at Washington. The Sauvalle Herbarium contains a fairly complete set of the grasses col- lected by Charles Wright, the most important collection thus far obtained from Cuba. In addition to the collections at the Cuba Experiment Station, the National Herbarium furnished important material for study, including collections made by A. H. Curtiss, W. Palmer and J. H. Riley, A. Taylor (from the Isle of Pines), S. M. Tracy, Brother Leon (De la Salle College, Habana), and the writer. The earlier collections of Wright were sent to Grisebach for study. These were reported upon by Grisebach in his work entitled "Cata- logus Plant arum Cubensium," published in 1866, though preliminary reports appeared earlier in the two parts of Plantae Wrightianae. * During the spring of 1907 I had the opportunity of examining the grasses in the herbarium of Grisebach in Gottingen.6 In the present article I have, with few exceptions, accounted for the grasses listed by Grisebach in his catalogue of Cuban plants, and have appended a list of these with references to the pages in the body of this article upon which the species are considered. -
Introduction in the Americas, Agreat Diversity of Bamboo Endemic Species Is Found in Brazil, North and Central Andes, Mexico and Central America
Theme: Environment: Ecology and Environmental Concerns Mexican national living bamboo collection ex situ conservation Ma. Teresa Mejia-Saulés and Rogelio Macías Ordóñez Instituto de Ecología A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa, Ver. 91070 México. email: [email protected]@inecol.mx In the Americas, the highest bamboo diversity and endemism is found in Brazil, the northern and central Andes, Mexico and Central America. In 2003, there were 40 native species of bamboos described for Mexico in eleven bamboo genera. Recent work has brought this number to 56 species. More than the half (34) of the Mexican bamboo species are endemic. The Mexican bamboos grow in tropical dry and perennial forests, mixed pine-oak and pine-fire forests, pine forests, and cloud forests from sea level to 3,000 m elevation. Genera of described Mexican woody bamboos species (and spp number) are: Arthrostylidium(1), Aulonemia(1),Chusquea(22),Guadua(7),Merostachys (1),Olmeca(5),Otatea(11),Rhipidocladum(4). Herbaceous genera are Cryptochloa(1),Lithachne(1),Olyra(2). Many of them have a diversity of rustic uses such as material for roofs or walls, furniture, fences, baskets, walking sticks, handcrafts, beehives, agricultural tools as well as ornamental plants. Live collections at the Botanical Gardens that preserve plant genetic resources are curated for various purposes including scientific education and research. The Francisco Javier Clavijero Botanical Garden at the Instituto de Ecología, in Xalapa, Mexico, houses the Mexican national living bamboo collection. It was stablished in 2003 with the collaborative support of INECOL, Bamboo of the Americas, and the InstitutoTecnológico de Chetumal for the ex situ conservation of Mexican bamboo diversity, research and education. -
Bambusa Sp.) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIMALARIA
BIOEDUKASI Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi e ISSN 2442-9805 Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro p ISSN 2086-4701 IDENTIFIKASI JENIS DAN POTENSI BAMBU (Bambusa sp.) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIMALARIA Agus Sujarwanta1 Suharno Zen2 1, Pascasarjana Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro 2, Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Malaria is still a health problem in Indonesia caused by the protozoan genus Plasmodium through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. One of the plants that can also be used to treat fever caused by parasitic diseases is bamboo (Bambusa sp.). The purpose of this research is to identify the type and potential of bamboo as an antimalarial compound in Lampung Province. This research be able to provide an overview of the diversity of bamboo species and their potential as an antimalaria compound in Lampung Province in May-July 2020. Primary data collection methods were obtained directly in the field including bamboo stands, both growing wild and cultivating, and describing them. Morphological observations for identification such as rhizome root types; bamboo shoots; branching; culm; leaf; stem; and segments refer to the criteria used by Widjaja (1997). The data is analyzed descriptively and tabulated. The results obtained 14 species of bamboo consisting of 5 genera with 14 species: Gigantochloa robusta, Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz), Schizostachyum blumei, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.), Bambusa vulgaris var. striata (Lodd.ex Lindl.), Gigantochloa apus (Kurz), Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa maculate (Widjaja), Bambusa glaucophylla (Widjaja), Dendrocalamus asper (Backer ex K. Heyne), Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees Kuntze), Bambusa glaucophylla (Widjaja), Dendrocalamus asper (Backer ex K. Heey), Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees Kuntze), Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. -
For Enumeration of This Part a Linear Sequence of Lycophytes and Ferns After Christenhusz, M
PTERIDOPHYTA For enumeration of this part A linear sequence of Lycophytes and Ferns after Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Zhang, X.C. & Schneider, H. (2011) has been followed Subclass: Lycopodiidae Beketov (1863). Order: Selaginellales (1874). Selaginellaceae Willkomm, Anleit. Stud. Bot. 2: 163. 1854; Prodr. FI. Hisp. 1(1): 14. 1861. SELAGINELLA P. Beauvois, Megasin Encycl. 9: 478. 1804. Selaginella monospora Spring, Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique 24: 135. 1850; Monogr. Lyc. II:135. 1850; Alston, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 5: 288, 1954; Alston, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sc. Ind. 11: 228. 1945; Reed, C.F., Ind. Sellaginellarum 160 – 161. 1966; Panigrahi et Dixit, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sc. Ind. 34B (4): 201, f.6. 1968; Kunio Iwatsuki in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 3: 168. 1972; Ghosh et al., Pter. Fl. East. Ind. 1: 127. 2004. Selaginella gorvalensis Spring, Monogr. Lyc. II: 256. 1850; Bak, Handb. Fern Allies 107. 1887; Selaginella microclada Bak, Jour. Bot. 22: 246. 1884; Selaginella plumose var. monospora (Spring) Bak, Jour. Bot. 21:145. 1883; Selaginella semicordata sensu Burkill, Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 228. 1925, non Spring. Plant up to 90 cm, main stem prostrate, rooting on all sides and at intervals, unequally tetragonal, main stem alternately branched 5 – 9 times, branching unequal, flexuous; leavesobscurely green, dimorphus, lateral leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate, subacute, denticulate to serrulate at base. Spike short, quadrangular, sporophylls dimorphic, large sporophyls less than half as long as lateral leaves, oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, denticulate, small sporophylls dentate, ovate, acuminate. Fertile: October to January. Specimen Cited: Park, Rajib & AP Das 0521, dated 23. 07. -
American Bamboo Society
$5.00 AMERICAN BAMBOO SOCIETY Bamboo Species Source List No. 34 Spring 2014 This is the thirty-fourth year that the American Bamboo Several existing cultivar names are not fully in accord with Society (ABS) has compiled a Source List of bamboo plants requirements for naming cultivars. In the interests of and products. The List includes more than 510 kinds nomenclature stability, conflicts such as these are overlooked (species, subspecies, varieties, and cultivars) of bamboo to allow continued use of familiar names rather than the available in the US and Canada, and many bamboo-related creation of new ones. The Source List editors reserve the products. right to continue recognizing widely used names that may not be fully in accord with the International Code of The ABS produces the Source List as a public service. It is Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and to published on the ABS website: www.Bamboo.org . Copies are recognize identical cultivar names in different species of the sent to all ABS members and can also be ordered from ABS same genus as long as the species is stated. for $5.00 postpaid. Some ABS chapters and listed vendors also sell the Source List. Please see page 3 for ordering Many new bamboo cultivars still require naming, description, information and pages 50 and following for more information and formal publication. Growers with new cultivars should about the American Bamboo Society, its chapters, and consider publishing articles in the ABS magazine, membership application. “Bamboo.” Among other requirements, keep in mind that new cultivars must satisfy three criteria: distinctiveness, The vendor sources for plants, products, and services are uniformity, and stability. -
Chapter 5 Phylogeny of Poaceae Based on Matk Gene Sequences
Chapter 5 Phylogeny of Poaceae Based on matK Gene Sequences 5.1 Introduction Phylogenetic reconstruction in the Poaceae began early in this century with proposed evolutionary hypotheses based on assessment of existing knowledge of grasses (e.g., Bew, 1929; Hubbard 1948; Prat, 1960; Stebbins, 1956, 1982; Clayton, 1981; Tsvelev, 1983). Imperical approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction of the Poaceae followed those initial hypotheses, starting with cladistic analyses of morphological and anatomical characters (Kellogg and Campbell, 1987; Baum, 1987; Kellogg and Watson, 1993). More recently, molecular information has provided the basis for phylogenetic hypotheses in grasses at the subfamily and tribe levels (Table 5.1). These molecular studies were based on information from chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction sites and DNA sequencing of the rbcL, ndhF, rps4, 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), phytochrome genes, and the ITS region (Hamby and Zimmer, 1988; Doebley et al., 1990; Davis and Soreng, 1993; Cummings, King, and Kellogg, 1994; Hsiao et al., 1994; Nadot, Bajon, and Lejeune, 1994; Barker, Linder, and Harley, 1995; Clark, Zhang, and Wendel, 1995; Duvall and Morton, 1996; Liang and Hilu, 1996; Mathews and Sharrock, 1996). Although these studies have refined our concept of grass evolution at the subfamily level and, to a certain degree, at the tribal level, major disagreements and questions remain to be addressed. Outstanding discrepancies at the subfamily level include: 1) Are the pooids, bambusoids senso lato, or herbaceous bamboos the -
Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Trevor R
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 19 2007 Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Trevor R. Hodkinson Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Nicolas Salamin University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Mark W. Chase Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland Stephen A. Renvoize Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hodkinson, Trevor R.; Salamin, Nicolas; Chase, Mark W.; Bouchenak-Khelladi, Yanis; Renvoize, Stephen A.; and Savolainen, Vincent (2007) "Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 19. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/19 Large Trees, Supertrees, and Diversification of the Grass Family Authors Trevor R. Hodkinson, Nicolas Salamin, Mark W. Chase, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Stephen A. Renvoize, and Vincent Savolainen This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/ 19 Aliso 23, pp. 248–258 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden LARGE TREES, SUPERTREES, AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE GRASS FAMILY TREVOR R. HODKINSON,1,5 NICOLAS SALAMIN,2 MARK W. CHASE,3 YANIS BOUCHENAK-KHELLADI,1,3 STEPHEN A. RENVOIZE,4 -
Status of Bamboo in India
International Journal of Economic Plants 2019, 6(1):030-039 Review Article Doi: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.23910/IJEP/2019.6.1.0288 Status of Bamboo in India Salil Tewari1*, Harshita Negi1 and R. Kaushal2 1Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand (263 145), India 2ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttrakhand (248 195), India Corresponding Author Article History Salil Tewari Article ID: IJEP0288 e-mail: [email protected] Received in 15th February, 2019 Received in revised form 21st February, 2019 Accepted in final form 24th February, 2019 Abstract Bamboos are very important forest resources found in the forest as well as the non-forest area in the country. The total bamboo bearing area of India is estimated to be 15.69 million hectares. Endemism in Indian bamboos is of a very high order. The maximum concentration of species is found in the deciduous and semi-evergreen regions of North-east and the tropical moist deciduous forests of North and South India. The North-eastern hilly States of India harbor nearly 90 species of bamboos, 41 of which are endemic to that region. There are 3 large genera (Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, and Ochlandra) of bamboos in India with more than 10 species each. Together, these three genera represent about 45% of the total bamboo species found in India. On the other hand, there are some genera which are represented by only one species each e.g. Ampelocalamus, Sarocalamus, Chimonobambusa, Pseudostachyum and Stapletonia. Bamboos in India show a great diversity in both their habitat and habit of growth. -
(Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Thailand
Systematics of Arundinelleae and Andropogoneae, subtribes Chionachninae, Dimeriinae and Germainiinae (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Thailand Thesis submitted to the University of Dublin, Trinity College for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) by Atchara Teerawatananon 2009 Research conducted under the supervision of Dr. Trevor R. Hodkinson School of Natural Sciences Department of Botany Trinity College University of Dublin, Ireland I Declaration I hereby declare that the contents of this thesis are entirely my own work (except where otherwise stated) and that it has not been previously submitted as an exercise for a degree to this or any other university. I agree that library of the University of Dublin, Trinity College may lend or copy this thesis subject to the source being acknowledged. _______________________ Atchara Teerawatananon II Abstract This thesis has provided a comprehensive taxonomic account of tribe Arundinelleae, and subtribes Chionachninae, Dimeriinae and Germainiinae of the tribe Andropogoneae in Thailand. Complete floristic treatments of these taxa have been completed for the Flora of Thailand project. Keys to genera and species, species descriptions, synonyms, typifications, illustrations, distribution maps and lists of specimens examined, are also presented. Fourteen species and three genera of tribe Arundinelleae, three species and two genera of subtribe Chionachninae, seven species of subtribe Dimeriinae, and twelve species and two genera of Germainiinae, were recorded in Thailand, of which Garnotia ciliata and Jansenella griffithiana were recorded for the first time for Thailand. Three endemic grasses, Arundinella kerrii, A. kokutensis and Dimeria kerrii were described as new species to science. Phylogenetic relationships among major subfamilies in Poaceae and among major tribes within Panicoideae were evaluated using parsimony analysis of plastid DNA regions, trnL-F and atpB- rbcL, and a nuclear ribosomal DNA region, ITS. -
The Evolution and Utility of Ribosomal ITS Sequences in Bambusinae and Related Species: Divergence, Pseudogenes, and Implications for Phylogeny
c Indian Academy of Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE The evolution and utility of ribosomal ITS sequences in Bambusinae and related species: divergence, pseudogenes, and implications for phylogeny HUI-XING SONG, SU-PING GAO, MING-YAN JIANG, GUANG-LI LIU, XIAO-FANG YU and QI-BING CHEN∗ School of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China Abstract Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are highly reiterated as components of rDNA repeats, and hence are often subject to rapid homogenization through concerted evo- lution. Concerted evolution leads to intragenomic uniformity of repeats even between loci on nonhomologous chromosomes. However, a number of studies have shown that the ITS polymorphism within individuals is quite common. The molecu- lar systematics of Bambusinae and related species were recently assessed by different teams using independently generated ITS sequences, and the results disagreed in some remarkable features. Here we compared the ITS sequences of the mem- bers of Bambusa s. l., the genera Dendrocalamus, Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Guadua, Melocalamus, Monocladus, Oxytenan- thera, Thyrsostachys, Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa and Schizostachyum. We have reanalysed the ITS sequences used by different research teams to reveal the underlying patterns of their different results. After excluding the sequences suspected to repre- sent paralogous loci, a phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Bambusinae species were performed using maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods. The implications of the findings are discussed. The risk of incorporating ITS paralogues in plant evolutionary studies that can distort the phylogenetic signal should caution molecular systematists. [Song H.-X., Gao S.-P., Jiang M.-Y., Liu G.-L., Yu X.-F.