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What the Neurocognitive Study of Inner Language Reveals About Our Inner Space Hélène Loevenbruck
What the neurocognitive study of inner language reveals about our inner space Hélène Loevenbruck To cite this version: Hélène Loevenbruck. What the neurocognitive study of inner language reveals about our inner space. Epistémocritique, épistémocritique : littérature et savoirs, 2018, Langage intérieur - Espaces intérieurs / Inner Speech - Inner Space, 18. hal-02039667 HAL Id: hal-02039667 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02039667 Submitted on 20 Sep 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Preliminary version produced by the author. In Lœvenbruck H. (2008). Épistémocritique, n° 18 : Langage intérieur - Espaces intérieurs / Inner Speech - Inner Space, Stéphanie Smadja, Pierre-Louis Patoine (eds.) [http://epistemocritique.org/what-the-neurocognitive- study-of-inner-language-reveals-about-our-inner-space/] - hal-02039667 What the neurocognitive study of inner language reveals about our inner space Hélène Lœvenbruck Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), UMR 5105, 38000, Grenoble France Abstract Our inner space is furnished, and sometimes even stuffed, with verbal material. The nature of inner language has long been under the careful scrutiny of scholars, philosophers and writers, through the practice of introspection. The use of recent experimental methods in the field of cognitive neuroscience provides a new window of insight into the format, properties, qualities and mechanisms of inner language. -
Roots of Empathy RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM Toronto, Canada MAY 9-10, 2018 Proceedings
Roots of Empathy RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM Toronto, Canada MAY 9-10, 2018 PROCEEDINGS www.rootsofempathy.org www.rootsofempathy.org ROOTS OF EMPATHY RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM 2018 PROCEEDINGS Introduction The 2018 Roots of Empathy Research Symposium – our seventh – was another successful, inspiring and engaging gathering of renowned international scientists. One of the goals of Roots of Empathy is to expand and share research about the landscape of childhood. This symposium allowed researchers from around the world to gather in Ontario for two days of knowledge transfer to introduce their work to each other and begin research collaborations. This year we hosted researchers from the Netherlands, Iceland, Poland, United States, Switzerland, Canada and Finland. Dr. Brian Goldman of Toronto, author of The Power of Kindness: Why Empathy is Essential in Everyday Life, opened the symposium with his captivating story of empathy in medicine and his personal journey to becoming a better doctor. Graham Allen, former UK MP, Dr. Christian Keysers, Dr. Inga Dóra Sigfúsdóttir, Dr. Andrew Meltzoff, Dr. Ryszard Praszkier, Dr. David Lätsch, Elina Marjamäki and Mary Gordon shared research and insights on the neuroscience of empathy and social development, the origins of empathy as shown in the early connectedness between infants and adults, and interventions that have resulted in positive outcomes for children and youth. Each presentation was followed by a robust question and answer period with the audience and it was clear the presentations were thought provoking and needed. Roots of Empathy values the lens of research as the organization continues to provide empathy-based programming to children on three continents. We would like to thank the Ontario Ministry of Education for supporting the 2018 Roots of Empathy Research Symposium. -
CNS 2014 Program
Cognitive Neuroscience Society 21st Annual Meeting, April 5-8, 2014 Marriott Copley Place Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts 2014 Annual Meeting Program Contents 2014 Committees & Staff . 2 Schedule Overview . 3 . Keynotes . 5 2014 George A . Miller Awardee . 6. Distinguished Career Contributions Awardee . 7 . Young Investigator Awardees . 8 . General Information . 10 Exhibitors . 13 . Invited-Symposium Sessions . 14 Mini-Symposium Sessions . 18 Poster Schedule . 32. Poster Session A . 33 Poster Session B . 66 Poster Session C . 98 Poster Session D . 130 Poster Session E . 163 Poster Session F . 195 . Poster Session G . 227 Poster Topic Index . 259. Author Index . 261 . Boston Marriott Copley Place Floorplan . 272. A Supplement of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Society c/o Center for the Mind and Brain 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616 ISSN 1096-8857 © CNS www.cogneurosociety.org 2014 Committees & Staff Governing Board Mini-Symposium Committee Roberto Cabeza, Ph.D., Duke University David Badre, Ph.D., Brown University (Chair) Marta Kutas, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Adam Aron, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Helen Neville, Ph.D., University of Oregon Lila Davachi, Ph.D., New York University Daniel Schacter, Ph.D., Harvard University Elizabeth Kensinger, Ph.D., Boston College Michael S. Gazzaniga, Ph.D., University of California, Gina Kuperberg, Ph.D., Harvard University Santa Barbara (ex officio) Thad Polk, Ph.D., University of Michigan George R. Mangun, Ph.D., University of California, -
Talking to Computers in Natural Language
feature Talking to Computers in Natural Language Natural language understanding is as old as computing itself, but recent advances in machine learning and the rising demand of natural-language interfaces make it a promising time to once again tackle the long-standing challenge. By Percy Liang DOI: 10.1145/2659831 s you read this sentence, the words on the page are somehow absorbed into your brain and transformed into concepts, which then enter into a rich network of previously-acquired concepts. This process of language understanding has so far been the sole privilege of humans. But the universality of computation, Aas formalized by Alan Turing in the early 1930s—which states that any computation could be done on a Turing machine—offers a tantalizing possibility that a computer could understand language as well. Later, Turing went on in his seminal 1950 article, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” to propose the now-famous Turing test—a bold and speculative method to evaluate cial intelligence at the time. Daniel Bo- Figure 1). SHRDLU could both answer whether a computer actually under- brow built a system for his Ph.D. thesis questions and execute actions, for ex- stands language (or more broadly, is at MIT to solve algebra word problems ample: “Find a block that is taller than “intelligent”). While this test has led to found in high-school algebra books, the one you are holding and put it into the development of amusing chatbots for example: “If the number of custom- the box.” In this case, SHRDLU would that attempt to fool human judges by ers Tom gets is twice the square of 20% first have to understand that the blue engaging in light-hearted banter, the of the number of advertisements he runs, block is the referent and then perform grand challenge of developing serious and the number of advertisements is 45, the action by moving the small green programs that can truly understand then what is the numbers of customers block out of the way and then lifting the language in useful ways remains wide Tom gets?” [1]. -
Revealing the Language of Thought Brent Silby 1
Revealing the Language of Thought Brent Silby 1 Revealing the Language of Thought An e-book by BRENT SILBY This paper was produced at the Department of Philosophy, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Copyright © Brent Silby 2000 Revealing the Language of Thought Brent Silby 2 Contents Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Thinking Sentences 1. Preliminary Thoughts 2. The Language of Thought Hypothesis 3. The Map Alternative 4. Problems with Mentalese Chapter 3: Installing New Technology: Natural Language and the Mind 1. Introduction 2. Language... what's it for? 3. Natural Language as the Language of Thought 4. What can we make of the evidence? Chapter 4: The Last Stand... Don't Replace The Old Code Yet 1. The Fight for Mentalese 2. Pinker's Resistance 3. Pinker's Continued Resistance 4. A Concluding Thought about Thought Chapter 5: A Direction for Future Thought 1. The Review 2. The Conclusion 3. Expanding the mind beyond the confines of the biological brain References / Acknowledgments Revealing the Language of Thought Brent Silby 3 Abstract Language of thought theories fall primarily into two views. The first view sees the language of thought as an innate language known as mentalese, which is hypothesized to operate at a level below conscious awareness while at the same time operating at a higher level than the neural events in the brain. The second view supposes that the language of thought is not innate. Rather, the language of thought is natural language. So, as an English speaker, my language of thought would be English. My goal is to defend the second view. -
Jidavis Embodiment and Emotion Symposium
UC Merced Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title How an Embodied Mind Perspective can Influence the Study of Emotion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j42685s Journal Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 31(31) ISSN 1069-7977 Authors Davis, Joshua Keysers, Chrisitan Strack, Fritz et al. Publication Date 2009 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California How an Embodied Mind Perspective can Influence the Study of Emotion Joshua Ian Davis (jdavis at barnard.edu), Moderator Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA Christian Keysers (c.m.keysers at rug.nl) Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen & BCN NeuroImaging Center, University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 2, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands Fritz Strack (strack at psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de) University of Würzburg LS Psychologie II, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany Jamil Zaki (jamil at psych.columbia.edu) Department of Psychology, Columbia University 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA Keywords: Embodied Mind, Embodied Cognition, Embodiment, accuracy). In particular, empathic accuracy has been shown Emotion, Affect, Empathy, Botox, Facial Feedback, when changes in skin conductance response for both Neuroimaging, Psychophysiology perceivers and targets are correlated over time (known as physiological linkage). This finding suggests that Embodied approaches to studying the mind have received embodying the states of others is an important route to increasing attention over the last decade (e.g. Barsalou, interpersonal understanding. We replicated and extended 2008; Damasio, 1999; Lakoff & Johnson, 1999; Niedenthal, this finding, illustrating how these effects depend on 2007). -
New Advances in Social Neuroscience: From
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Editorial overview: New advances in social neuroscience: from neural computations to social structures David M Amodio and Christian Keysers Current Opinion in Psychology 2019, 24:iv–vi For a complete overview see the Issue Available online 2nd November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.10.017 2352-250X/ã 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1,2 David M Amodio We are delighted to present this special issue on Social Neuroscience, in which we feature some of the most exciting recent developments in this vibrant field. These developments reflect an important shift in social neuroscience research, from earlier interest in identifying brain regions that respond to particular social stimuli (i.e. the so-called ‘blobology’ approach), toward questions about the specific neural mechanisms that contribute to social cognition and behavior and their roles in broader contexts of human social interaction. These conceptual advances regarding mechanism have been made by 1 Department of Psychology, New York focusing on two central questions: first what computations are performed University, 6 Washington Place, New York, in specific brain networks and second how do they causally contribute to 2 NY, 10003, USA Department of Psychology, social behavior? These questions are central both to neuroscience and social University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht cognition. Neuroscience seeks to understand how the brain works, and given 129 B, P.O. Box 15900, 1001 NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands that the human brain evolved in a context where social functioning pro- e-mail: [email protected] moted survival, social computations are often key to deciphering the operations of the brain. -
Journal.Pbio.3000524-1
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Bidirectional cingulate-dependent danger information transfer across rats Han, Y.; Bruls, R.; Soyman, E.; Thomas, R.M.; Pentaraki, V.; Jelinek, N.; Heinemans, M.; Bassez, I.; Verschooren, S.; Pruis, I.; Van Lierde, T.; Carrillo, N.; Gazzola, V.; Carrillo, M.; Keysers, C. DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000524 Publication date 2019 Document Version Final published version Published in PLoS Biology License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Han, Y., Bruls, R., Soyman, E., Thomas, R. M., Pentaraki, V., Jelinek, N., Heinemans, M., Bassez, I., Verschooren, S., Pruis, I., Van Lierde, T., Carrillo, N., Gazzola, V., Carrillo, M., & Keysers, C. (2019). Bidirectional cingulate-dependent danger information transfer across rats. PLoS Biology, 17(12), [e3000524]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000524 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. -
Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: a Systematic Mapping Study
Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study Liping Zhao† Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, [email protected] Waad Alhoshan Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, [email protected] Alessio Ferrari Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "A. Faedo" (CNR-ISTI), Pisa, Italy, [email protected] Keletso J. Letsholo Faculty of Computer Information Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, [email protected] Muideen A. Ajagbe Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, [email protected] Erol-Valeriu Chioasca Exgence Ltd., CORE, Manchester, United Kingdom, [email protected] Riza T. Batista-Navarro Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, [email protected] † Corresponding author. Context: NLP4RE – Natural language processing (NLP) supported requirements engineering (RE) – is an area of research and development that seeks to apply NLP techniques, tools and resources to a variety of requirements documents or artifacts to support a range of linguistic analysis tasks performed at various RE phases. Such tasks include detecting language issues, identifying key domain concepts and establishing traceability links between requirements. Objective: This article surveys the landscape of NLP4RE research to understand the state of the art and identify open problems. Method: The systematic mapping study approach is used to conduct this survey, which identified 404 relevant primary studies and reviewed them according to five research questions, cutting across five aspects of NLP4RE research, concerning the state of the literature, the state of empirical research, the research focus, the state of the practice, and the NLP technologies used. -
Detecting Politeness in Natural Language by Michael Yeomans, Alejandro Kantor, Dustin Tingley
CONTRIBUTED RESEARCH ARTICLES 489 The politeness Package: Detecting Politeness in Natural Language by Michael Yeomans, Alejandro Kantor, Dustin Tingley Abstract This package provides tools to extract politeness markers in English natural language. It also allows researchers to easily visualize and quantify politeness between groups of documents. This package combines and extends prior research on the linguistic markers of politeness (Brown and Levinson, 1987; Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil et al., 2013; Voigt et al., 2017). We demonstrate two applications for detecting politeness in natural language during consequential social interactions— distributive negotiations, and speed dating. Introduction Politeness is a universal dimension of human communication (Goffman, 1967; Lakoff, 1973; Brown and Levinson, 1987). In practically all settings, a speaker can choose to be more or less polite to their audience, and this can have consequences for the speakers’ social goals. Politeness is encoded in a discrete and rich set of linguistic markers that modify the information content of an utterance. Sometimes politeness is an act of commission (for example, saying “please” and “thank you”) <and sometimes it is an act of omission (for example, declining to be contradictory). Furthermore, the mapping of politeness markers often varies by culture, by context (work vs. family vs. friends), by a speaker’s characteristics (male vs. female), or the goals (buyer vs. seller). Many branches of social science might be interested in how (and when) people express politeness to one another, as one mechanism by which social co-ordination is achieved. The politeness package is designed to make it easier to detect politeness in English natural language, by quantifying relevant characteristics of polite speech, and comparing them to other data about the speaker. -
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing Liz Liddy (lead), Eduard Hovy, Jimmy Lin, John Prager, Dragomir Radev, Lucy Vanderwende, Ralph Weischedel This report is one of five reports that were based on the MINDS workshops, led by Donna Harman (NIST) and sponsored by Heather McCallum-Bayliss of the Disruptive Technology Office of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence's Office of Science and Technology (ODNI/ADDNI/S&T/DTO). To find the rest of the reports, and an executive overview, please see http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/894.02/minds.html. Historic Paradigm Shifts or Shift-Enablers A series of discoveries and developments over the past years has resulted in major shifts in the discipline of Natural Language Processing. Some have been more influential than others, but each is recognizable today as having had major impact, although this might not have been seen at the time. Some have been shift-enablers, rather than actual shifts in methods or approaches, but these have caused as major a change in how the discipline accomplishes its work. Very early on in the emergence of the field of NLP, there were demonstrations that NLP could develop operational systems with real levels of linguistic processing, in truly end-to-end (although toy) systems. These included SHRDLU by Winograd (1971) and LUNAR by Woods (1970). Each could accomplish a specific task — manipulating blocks in the blocks world or answering questions about samples from the moon. They were able to accomplish their limited goals because they included all the levels of language processing in their interactions with humans, including morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic, discourse and pragmatic. -
“Linguistic Analysis” As a Misnomer, Or, Why Linguistics Is in a State of Permanent Crisis
Alexander Kravchenko Russia, Baikal National University of Economics and Law, Irkutsk “Linguistic Analysis” as a Misnomer, or, Why Linguistics is in a State of Permanent Crisis Key words: methodology, written-language bias, biology of language, consensual domain, language function Ключевые слова: методология, письменноязыковая предвзятость, биология языка, консенсуальная область, функция языка Аннотация Показывается ошибочность общепринятого понятия лингвистического анализа как анализа естественного языка. Следствием соссюровского структурализма и фило- софии объективного реализма является взгляд на язык как на вещь (код) – систему знаков, используемых как инструмент для коммуникации, под которой понимается обмен информацией. При таком подходе анализ в традиционной лингвистике пред- ставляет собой анализ вещей – письменных слов, предложений, текстов; все они являются культурными артефактами и не принадлежат сфере естественного языка как видоспецифичного социального поведения, биологическая функция которого состоит в ориентировании себя и других в когнитивной области взаимодействий. До тех пор, пока наукой не будет отвергнута кодовая модель языка, лингвистический анализ будет продолжать обслуживать языковой миф, удерживая лингвистику в со- стоянии перманентного кризиса. 1. Th e problem with linguistics as a science There is a growing feeling of uneasiness in the global community of linguists about the current state of linguistics as a science. Despite a lot of academic activity in the fi eld, and massive research refl ected in the ever growing number of publications related to the study of the various aspects of language, there hasn’t been a major breakthrough in the explorations of language as a unique endowment of humans. 26 Alexander Kravchenko Numerous competing theoretical frameworks and approaches in linguistic re- search continue to obscure the obvious truth that there is very little understanding of language as a phenomenon which sets humans apart from all other known biological species.